Vertical Gardens & Green Walls
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Vertical Gardening & Green Walls
Gil Lopez
GreenBridge Seasonal Outreach Assistant & Instructor
Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Spring 2015
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Lesson Plan
• Why Vertical Gardens?
• Types of Vertical Gardens
• Vertical Gardening Systems
• Plants for Vertical Gardens
• Other Vertical Growing Methods & D.I.Y. Inspiration
• Resources
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Why Vertical Gardens?
Aesthetics
Create living works of art.
Indoor Air Quality Purify your air.
LEED® Credits
Gain points.
Building Protection
Shield from sun, rain and thermal fluctuations.
Energy Savings
Cut electricity bills by up to 20%.
Health & Wellness
Reduce stress and enhance wellbeing.
Property Value
Marketable green feature.
Acoustics
Dampen noise pollution.
Sustainability Make your world greener.http://www.greenovergrey.com/green-wall-
benefits/overview.php
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Space Saving!!!
We live in one of the most densely populated cities in the world.
NYC residents have little access to private green space so we must
make the most of very square inch we can. One way to do this is to reconsider the vertical spaces in the urban environment. Form walls and fences to fire escapes and stair railings. What vertical
spaces do you have access to that could be a little greener?
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Types of Vertical Gardens
• Living Walls
• Green Veneers
• Indoor
• Outdoor
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Living Walls
Living walls (AKA green walls) are self sufficient vertical gardens found on exterior or interior walls
or other vertical elements. The plants are rooted in a structural support which is fastened to the
wall itself. The plants receive water and nutrients from within the vertical support instead of
from the ground.
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Green Veneer
A support structure that allows vines to row up or onto a vertical element to screen it. Roots and
soil are not housed in the wall but rather on the ground or in
separate planters.
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Living Wall/Green Veneer Hybrid
This product by Turnesol demonstrates how the two
vertical garden typologies can be effectively blended.
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Indoor Vertical Gardens
Living Wall (Wooly Pocket)
Green Veneer (Jakob Wire)
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Outdoor Vertical Gardens
Living Wall (FloraFelt)Green Veneer (Greenscreen)
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Living Wall Systems
• Wooly Pocket
• FloraFelt
• Optigreen Wall Garden
• Gsky Plant Systems
• Hydroponic
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Wooly Pocket
Our Living Wall Planter are totally modular. Create living walls of almost any size, indoors and out. Calculate how many wall planters you’ll need by dividing the width of your wall area by 18” and
height by 13”. Use our box as a horizontal template to help you mark holes. Example: Four
planters cover a 36” W and 26” H wall area.
Living Wall Planter dimensions are 13” H x 18” W x 8” D. Each planter holds 0.50 ft3 of soil volume with a maximum weight of 50lbs. Planter hooks to
back of Water Tank for easy plant exchange. Planters come with hardware: self
tapping #8 screw & poly ribbed insert.
http://www.woollypocket.com
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FloraFelt
Create Custom Vertical Gardens
Explore the 2-layer Cut and Staple method made famous by Patrick Blanc.
Use Grow Felt by the yard to make custom sized pockets and free-form shapes.
Use 7-inch Grow Strip with custom 6 x 6 inch wire grids to create extremely robust vertical
gardens.
Or use the pre-assembled Florafelt Pro System Modular Unit to make any size living wall.
Engineer mega-scale plant walls.
http://www.florafelt.com/
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Optigreen Wall Garden
The “Wall Garden” system solution is a facade-mounted greening system on a
substrate basis without ground connection. The core unit of the Optigreen “Wall Garden” system solution is a high-grade, substrate-filled aluminum cassette system (Optigreen Facade Element) that can be delivered filled and, upon request, ready-planted. The horizontal suspension rails must be bolted onto the substructure before the prepared facade element can
be attached to them.
http://www.optigreen.co.uk
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GSky Plant Systems
GSky’s three Green Wall systems are the Pro Wall System, Versa Wall System and the Basic Wall
System. Each product is unique in terms of design flexibility,
installation location versatility, plant selection variety, desired
size, cost, coverage time-line, and system components.
http://gsky.com/
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Stacked Hydroponic Systems
Hydroponic growing systems are a way of growing plants without
soil using nutrient solutions applied directly to the roots of
plants. These systems have may variations. There are several
which accomplish the look feel and other virtues of vertical gardens as discussed in this
presentation. WindowFarmsIndoor R&D.I.Y.
hydroponic growing system
NFT Hydroponic(Nutrient Film Technique)Outdoor installation
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Green Veneer Systems
• Trellising
• Masonry and Wood Walls
• GreenScreen
• Jacob Wire
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Trellising
A simple garden trellis can be used to create the verdant effects of a green veneer. The larger the
trellis the more area the vines will have to sprawl out and
provide coverage. This is most effective with twining, tendril and
climbing vines.
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Greenscreen
greenscreen® is a three dimensional, welded wire
trellising system. The distinctive modular trellis panel is the
building block of the greenscreen® system. Rigid and
lightweight standard 3" thick panels are 4' wide x 6', 8', 10',12’,
or 14' tall.
http://www.greenscreen.com
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Jakob Wire
Specializes in the manufacture of stainless steel wire ropes from 2 mm to 28 mm. Webnet and Wire Rope products are often used to create both indoor and outdoor
green veneers.
https://www.jakob-usa.com/
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Masonry & Wood Walls
Natural walls can be a perfect place for suckering vines to
unfurl their leafy coverings. Be careful to maintain the walls on a
regular basis and don’t let the vines overtake the structure.
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Plants for Vertical Gardening
• Tropical Understory Plants for Interior Living Walls
• Air Filtering Plants
• Alpine Plants for Exterior Living Walls
• Vines for Green Veneers
• Annuals vs Perennials
• Native, Naturalized & Invasive Plants
• Espaliered Trees
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Tropical Understory Plants for
Interior Living Walls
The Understory layer, or strata, of tropical rainforest vegetation lies
between the Canopy layer, where there is plenty of sunlight, and the Forest Floor layer, where there is almost none. This layer of the rainforest
produces many popular house plants. Zebra plants, Ferns, Philodendrons and Prayer plants are among some of house
plants from this layer that do well in dimly lit conditions.
http://www.tropical-rainforest-facts.com/Tropical-Rainforest-Layer-Facts/Tropical-Rainforest-Understory-Layer-Facts.shtml
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Plant Selections for Improved Indoor Air
Quality& Interior Living Walls
A NASA study has demonstrated that some plants have the ability to improve indoor air quality by
removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This is known as
phytoremediation of the air. These plants employ a range of techniques
to accomplish this feat including: Phytosequestration, Phytoextraction,
Phytostabilization, Phytotransformation,
Phytostimulation, Phytovolatilization, and Rhizofiltration
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Clean_Air_Study
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Alpine Plants forExterior Living Walls
Alpine plants are plants that grow in the alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and
above the tree line. Many different plant species live in the alpine environment. These
include perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion plants, mosses, and lichens. Alpine
plants must adapt to the harsh conditions of the alpine environment, which include low
temperatures, dryness, ultraviolet radiation, and a short growing season. Adaptations
include: Low to the Ground, Cushions and Mats, Evergreen Foliage, Red Leaves, Thick, Waxy Leaves, Fuzzy, Curled Leaves, Slow Growth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_plant
Delosperma Yellow Ice, Iberis SnowflakePhlox Candy Stripes, Sedum Dragon's BloodMazus Reptans, Veronica Christy
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Vines for Green Veneers
• Twining
• Tendril
• Clinging
• Running
• Evergreen
• Deciduous
• Flowering
• Fruiting
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Vines for Green Veneers
Twining Vines Tendril Vines• Twiners, such
as honeysuckle, climb by winding around supports. These can quickly cover a trellis, arbor or wall screen.
http://www.finegardening.com/types-climbing-vines#ixzz3c1pcOrlQ
• Some vines, such as sweet peas, have tendrils that twist around a support. They also grow quickly and support themselves given a structure to cling to.
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Vines for Green Veneers
Clinging Vines Running Vines• Some plants such
as English ivy (Hedera helix) climb by aerial rootlets. These can grow without any support on masonry, wood and other natural surfaces.
http://www.finegardening.com/types-climbing-vines#ixzz3c1pcOrlQ
• Some plants use hooks to grab toeholds on a support and climb skyward. Others like tomato have no way of holding on. You’ll want to weave them through a trellis occasionally or tie them to a support.
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Evergreen (& semi-evergreen)
Vines
Evergreen plants retain their foliage throughout the entire year. Evergreen vines
are problem solvers in the garden and can be used for vertical gardening for year round
foliage. Some other uses include: Green winter color, for spring or summer flower color, food
for birds and butterflies, to mask or soften unsightly structures or views, for a privacy screen, to decorate a trellis, fence, arbor or
pergola, to help prevent erosion on a slope, as a fast-growing ground cover, to create shade. Unfortunately there are not many evergreen
vines that grow in our climate zone.Lonicera sempervirensTrumpet honeysuckleNative, semi-evergreen, twining, flowering vine
Hedera helixEnglish Ivy
Evergreen, non-native, clinging vine
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Deciduous Vines
Deciduous plants lose their leaves seasonally (most commonly
during autumn). There are many deciduous vines that are suitable
for exterior green veneers.
Parthenocissus tricuspidataBoston IvyNative, deciduous, clinging vine
Wisteria frutescensAmerican WisteriaNative, deciduous, flowering, twining vine
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Flowering Vines
Flowering vines, whether evergreen or deciduous, can add
a colorful pop to your vertical garden, drawing the eye up and
attract pollinators.
Morning gloryAnnual
Growing on chain link fence
ClematisNative, perennial vineGrowing on an arbor
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Fruiting Vines
Fruiting vines, whether evergreen or deciduous, can add
utility to your garden by producing food for yourself or for
birds and other fauna.
TomatoAnnual, fruiting, running vine.
GrapeDeciduous, perennial, fruiting, tendril vine.
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Annuals & Perennials
Annual Plants• An annual plant is a plant that
completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seed, within one year, and then dies. Summer annuals germinate during spring or early summer and mature by autumn of the same year. Winter annuals germinate during the autumn and mature during the spring or summer of the following calendar year.[
Perennial Plants• A perennial plant or simply perennial
(from Latin per, meaning "through", and annus, meaning "year") is a plant that lives for more than two years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials
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Native, Naturalized & Invasive Plants
Native Plants Invasive PlantsNaturalized Plants
A plant that is a part of the balance of nature that has developed over hundreds or thousands of years in a particular region or ecosystem. Note: The word native should always be used with a geographic qualifier (that is, native to New England [for example]). Only plants found in this country before European settlement are considered to be native to the United States.
A plant introduced with human help (intentionally or accidentally) to a new place or new type of habitat where it was not previously found. Note: Not all non-native plants are invasive. In fact, when many non-native plants are introduced to new places, they cannot reproduce or spread readily without continued human help (for example, many ornamental plants).
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ct/technical/ecoscience/invasive/?cid=nrcs142p2_011124
A plant that is both non-native and able to establish on many sites, grow quickly, and spread to the point of disrupting plant communities or ecosystems. Note: From the Presidential Executive Order 13112 (February 1999): 'An invasive species is defined as a species that is 1) non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and 2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.' In contrast to item 2) of the Executive Order, which includes plants invasive in agricultural settings, the Connecticut Invasive Plant Working Group lists non-native plants as invasive only if they invade minimally managed (natural) areas.
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Espaliered Trees
There are several varieties of trees that take well to shaping in this way. Espalier requires annual
pruning and care to maintain proper form.
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Other Vertical Growing& D.I.Y. Ideas
• Hydroponics (indoor and outdoor)
• Planted Pallet Walls
• DIY Wooly Pockets
• Planter/Container Wall
• Green Cloaking
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DIY Vertical Garden Ideas
Gutter Garden Retaining Walls• Storm gutters,
PVC pipe or other horizontal troughs can be hung on a wall and planted in to achieve vertical interest on an otherwise blank wall.
http://www.finegardening.com/types-climbing-vines#ixzz3c1pcOrlQ
• Some garden designs incorporate retaining walls. These often have nooks and crannies where alpine and succulent plants can be tucked in to soften the edge in your garden space.
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DIY Vertical Garden Ideas
Conglomerate Green Wall Milk Crate Innovations• Many size and shapes can come together
to create a impressive display• These readily available containers can be lined
with a landscape fabric, stacked and planted for an interesting garden-on-the-go.
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DIY Vertical Garden Ideas
Pallet Garden Wall Soda Bottle Garden Wall
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Walls of Pots
Using many pots or other containers
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Moss Graffiti
By mixing a slurry of moss material…
Ingredients:One or two clumps (about a small
handful) of moss2 cups of buttermilk
(You can substitute with yogurt or beer)
2 cups of water1/2 tsp. sugar
Corn syrup (optional)
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Green Cloaking
This is a fairly new idea which suggests that a vine covered
support suspended above a roof can act as a light weight,
inexpensive, quick and easy alternative to an extensive green
roof.
Algae SkinA very new
green building innovation
Cloaking Lab StudyResearchers test the vines ability to capture rainwater, reduce interior building temperatures and clean the air.
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Resource Pages
• Plant lists:• Definitions: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ct/technical/ecoscience/invasive/?
cid=nrcs142p2_011124
• http://www.scotscapelivingwalls.net/plant-list.html
• http://www.greenscreen.com/Plants_main.html
• http://www.florafelt.com/plants /
• Alpine Plants - http://northernwoodlands.org/articles/article/flowers-adaptations-alpine
• Benefits• http://www.greenovergrey.com/green-wall-benefits/overview.php
• Considerations for Advanced Green Façade Design:• http://www.greenscreen.com/direct/Considerations/AdvancedGreenFacadeDesign_CEU_F12.pdf