VERTEX Construction Claim Visuals - AACE Northeast Total Cost Management Symposium 2016

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Construction Claim VisualsAmin Terouhid, Andrew Sargent

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Andrew Sargent, EITAmin Terouhid, PhD, PMP, PSP

*** NOTE: Change Diana/Dave name depending on who is presenting with us ***

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IntroductionConstruction Claim VisualsCommon Visuals Used for Preparing or Assessing Construction Delay and Productivity Claims

Objective: To demonstrate the importance of visualization in claim investigations.

Part of a construction managers duty is to prepare, present, and negotiate or to review, analyze, and investigate construction claims that arise over the course of a project; therefore, involvement in the claim management process is one of the central roles of construction managers. Construction delay and productivity claims are among the most common and yet complex types of disputes in the construction industry that require well development, presentation, and analysis of the facts surrounding the case. This work provides a collection of various visuals that can be used to appropriately prepare or assess construction delay and productivity claims, and discusses their applications and use cases. Construction managers should be well aware of these illustration techniques to ensure they properly utilize these techniques when needs arise. A variety of work samples and example visuals will be presented in this work to showcase relevant professional construction management practices.3

AgendaKey Characteristics of Delay and Productivity ClaimsAdvantages of the Use of VisualsRange of MessagesThe Choice of Visual TypeExample Construction Claim Visuals

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IntroductionVisuals facilitate deeper understanding of dataMaking rich and strong visuals is importantConceptualization makes an effective visual not the rendering

- A picture is worth a thousand words. Compared to a non-graphic demonstration of information, a graphic presentation provides an easier and more quickly-perceived method for conveying information. A graphic presentation may provide the practical means by which one may easily grasp the significance of complex data.- Conceptualization is the intellectual process used to visualize the data, knowledge, and insight.

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IntroductionA claim investigator must understand the many kinds of visuals available.Specific skills, abilities, and knowledge are required.

- Specific skills, abilities, and knowledge are required to fully realize the potential of data visualization

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From Data to Insight

Data: raw info that has not been processedInformation: Select facts or evidence arising from a data processing endeavorUnderstanding: Creates knowledge and answers the how and why questions but does not suggest actionInsight: It is an actionable intelligence that provides a holistic view of a problem and its solution.

Visualization applies in the info, understanding, and insight phases.

Many questions that can be asked over the course of the pathway from data to insight:- Is the data accurate?- What is the source of the data?- How the data was interpreted?- Are the conclusions correct?- Are the conclusions applicable in any instance?- Can any other conclusions be drawn?Data visualization can help address to better answer these questions.

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Key Characteristics of Delay and Productivity ClaimsExtensive use of activity sequences, project schedules, and productivity measuresHeavy reliance on historical project recordsRequire special skills in planning, scheduling, and analysis and in the use of recommended practicesComplexity

Advantages of the Use of VisualsGains attention and creates interestCan be efficientCan be effective- Reinforces verbal and written communication- Clarifies concepts and data- Stimulates ideas and thoughts

- Gains attention: Can gains the audiences and readers attention. First key step in effective communication.- Can be efficient: A properly designed visual can communicate boldly and quickly; therefore, facilitates the comprehension. If designed properly, a visual can present more info in a given amount of space. Can organize info in the most efficient ways.Can be effective: Can be designed and prepared with specific focus areas in mind to convey the intended message effectively (research suggests that visual images increase learning retention. Further research shows that retention rates among members of an audience increase 25-40 percent when visual images support a verbal or written presentation [Just]) The advertising industry learned this lesson a). Clarifies. Facilitates the comprehension of complex concepts. Can be effective if it send a rich and strong message.

References: [Griffith]

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Range of MessagesConcrete factsBits of dataComparative dataData recorded over timeChronologiesTheories

Wileman identified 12 types of messages that visuals can be used to represent; among which these are the most applicable types of messages in claim investigations.

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The Choice of Visual TypeObjectivesAudience characteristicsRichness of contentMedium usedTime and resourcesAbility to think visually

Wileman identified the key factors that influence the choice of kind and degree of visualization. It is important to determine what types of visuals should be used for each type of claim and to what extent visualization should be employed. - Objectives- Audience characteristics- Richness of content: A content analysis of the available data will also influence the choice of visual type to be used. - Medium used- Time and resources: These are practical constrains - Ability to think visually: The most persuasive factor If one increases his/her abilities to visually conceptualize messages, he / she will grow more competent.

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Example Construction Claim Visuals

This work provides a collection of various visuals that can be used to appropriately prepare or assess construction delay and productivity claims, and discusses their applications and use cases. Construction managers should be well aware of these illustration techniques to ensure they properly utilize these techniques when needs arise. A variety of work samples and example visuals will be presented in this work to showcase relevant professional construction management practices.

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Logic Diagramming

Copyright (insert year of publication) by AACE International; all rights reserved.

[Ponce de Leon]

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Timeline of Events

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Network Diagrams

Note open-ended activities and incomplete logic.15

Comparative Schedule Analysis


[Sanders]16

As-Built Schedules

As-built schedule used to refute reassignment of labor claim

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Impacted Schedules

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Impacted Schedules

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Comparative Resource Histograms

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Comparative Workload Histograms

A workload histogram does not necessarily represent the projected resource use over time. It may represent the workload based on the number of activities scheduled during each time unit.21

Comparative S-Curves

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Resource Availability Charts

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Resource Availability Charts

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S-Curves and S-Curves and Stacking of Trades Analysis

Progress trends based on as-planned and as-built schedules shown along with trend lines25

Linear Schedules


[Duffy]26

Enhanced Linear Schedule


Linear Schedule Method Chart Displaying Unique Characteristics [Lee]27

Time-Lapsed Videos

PlanAs-Built

Audio and video visual aids, used properly and in their proper place, facilitate the audiences comprehension and help them to remember more of what is being presented to them.

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Animations

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Cause and Effect Diagrams


[Ibbs]30

Other Presentation MethodsDocument display with highlighted / enlarged textVideo display with graphic image and text overlayDisplay using computer animationDocument display using timelinesText summaries displayRelational charts (tables, hierarchies, flow-chart displays, and organizational charts)Timeline to tell a storyPictorial (photographs, sketches, maps, icons, logos or clip art)

[Just] and [Griffith]31

Other Visuals

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ConclusionThe data is the key; however, developing visuals to properly present the data in a graphical way can be the difference between losing and winning in a case.Effective graphical presentations can afford parties with a higher chance of resolving complicated disputes.

[Just] and [Griffith]33

ReferencesJust, Michael R., and Bill Ogden. "Effective claims presentations: Making your point." AACE International Transactions (1998): L22.Duffy, Gregory A., Pipeline Construction Scheduling Bar Charts to Linear Schedules, 2011 AACE International TransactionsGriffith, Andrew F. "Effective presentation skills for cost engineers." AACE International Transactions (2006): DE21.Ibbs, William, and Min Liu. "System dynamic modeling of delay and disruption claims."Cost Engineering47.6 (2005): 12-5.Lee, Jae-Seob. "Delay analysis using linear schedule in construction." AACE International Transactions (2007): CD181.Maisel, Lawrence, and Gary Cokins. Predictive Business Analytics: Forward Looking Capabilities to Improve Business Performance. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.Ponce de Leon, G. "Project planning using logic diagramming method." AACE International Transactions, PS. S5 (2008).Sanders, Mark C. "Forensic Schedule Analysis: Example Implementation." AACE International Transactions (2008): CD111.Wileman, Ralph E. Visual communicating. Educational Technology, 1993.

NoteAACE International figures used within this presentation are included with the permission of AACE International, 1265 Suncrest Towne Centre Dr., Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Phone 800-858-COST/304-296-8444. Fax: 304-291-5728. Internet: http://www.aacei.org E-mail: [email protected]

VERTEX Construction Claim Visuals - AACE Northeast Total Cost Management Symposium 2016

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