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Cardinal Mazarin

http://www.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history/absolutism/placevic.htm

The Master of VersaillesThe enchanting chateau of the king's youth became the official residence of the court and government of France on May 6, 1682. By providing enough space to house the courtiers, the chateau and its outbuildings helped to domesticate the nobility. Under the king's ever watchful eye, great lords no longer plotted—they remained with the army or at court, ready to please and serve. Intimidating, majestic, and fully informed by his spies, the king controlled everything. If he was heard to say of you, "I know him not," you were doomed forever.

                                                                           

State Apartment

                                                    

                                                                                          

Venus Room ceiling

                                                                                          

Venus Room

                                                   

Venus room

                                           

Diana RoomLouis XIV’ Billiards rooms

Billiards, Louis XIV’s favorite game

                                                                                  

Diana Room

                                                                                          

Mars Room ceiling (during Louis XIV’s reignFilled with silver furniture)

                                                                   

Apollo Room, Throne Room

The Sun MythLouis XIV chose the sun as his emblem. The sun was associated with Apollo, god of peace and arts, and was also the heavenly body which gave life to all things, regulating everything as it rose and set. Like Apollo, the warrior-king Louis XIV brought peace, was a patron of the arts, and dispensed his bounty. The regularity of his work habits and his ritual risings and retirings (levee and couchee) were another point of solar comparison. Throughout Versailles, decoration combines images and attributes of Apollo (laurel, lyre, tripod) with the king's portraits and emblems (the double LL, the royal crown, the sceptre and hand of justice). The Apollo Salon is the main room of the Grand Apartment because it was originally the monarch's state chamber. The path of the sun is also traced in the layout of the gardens.

                                                                           

War Room or Council Room

                                                                           

King’s Bedroom

Levee

Levee8.30 am: 'It is time, Sire', declares the First Valet de Chambre, waking the king. The levee, or ceremonial rising, thus begins. Doctors, family and a few favoured friends successively enter the King's Bedchamber where he is washed, combed, andÑevery other dayÑshaven. The Officers of the Chamber and the Wardrobe then enter in turn for full levee, during which the king is dressed and has a breakfast of broth. The most important officials of the kingdom are admitted; it is estimated that the usual number of people attending numbered one hundred, all male.

                                                                           

Council Room

King in Council

Council11 am: Returning to his apartments, the king holds council in his cabinet. Sundays and Wednesdays are devoted to Councils of State; on Tuesdays and Saturdays, finances are dealt with; Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays, another Council of State might replace a Dispatch Council (domestic affairs) or Religious Council, or perhaps the king will decide to focus on his building programme. Five or six ministers usually advise the monarch who speaks little, listens a great deal, and always decides.

'L'Etat, c'est moi'Louis XIV immersed himself completely in what he called 'the trade of kingship', identifying himself totally with the state in the famous phrase, 'I am the State'. Devoting himself to his people, he put himself constantly on public show—Versailles was open to everyone, not just courtiers. Access to the monarch was governed by court ceremonial, and the immutable rites of the Sun King's day drove the entire 'court mechanism'. Elsewhere, the wheels of the new administration established during the early part of the reign ran smoothly: at the centre, king and council decided; in the provinces, intendants executed his orders.

                                                                           

Dog Room, where Louis XVs favorite dogs slept

                                                                                          

Gold Plate room

                                                                                          

Louis XVI’s library

                                                                           

Louis XV’s dining room

Supper10 pm: A crowd fills the antechamber of the King's Suite to witness this public supper. The king is joined at table by the princes and princesses of the royal family. Once the meal is over, the king returns to his bedchamber to say 'goodnight ladies' then retires to his cabinet where he can indulge in conversation with his close acquaintances.

Louis’ sister-in-law wrote this about his dining:

“I have often seen the King eat four plates of soupOf different kinds, a whole pheasant, a partridge,A large plate of salad, two thick slices of ham, aDish of mutton in a garlic-flavored sauce, a platefulOf pastries and then fruit and hard-boiled eggs. Both The King and Monsieur are exceedingly fond ofHardboiled eggs.

The Duc de Bourgogne(the Dauphine’s son) had his twoBrothers had been taught the polite innovation of using aFork while eating but when they were invited to the King’sTable at supper, he would havae none of it and forbade them To use such a tool. He would never have had occasion toReproach me in that matter, for I have never in my life used Anything to eat with but my knife and my fingers

                                                                              

Louis XVI’s games room

                                                                                                               

         

                                                                   

Chapel

The Most Christian KingMonarch by divine right, the king was God's lieutenant on earth. During his coronation, he swore to defend the Catholic faith. To honour this oath and preserve the religious unity of his kingdom, Louis XIV launched the struggle against Jansenists at the Port-Royal monastery, and persecuted Protestants. Forced conversions and the emigration of 200,000 Protestants ultimately led him in 1685 to rescind of the Edict of Nantes (which had decreed religious tolerance).

                                                  

    

Promenade or Hunting2 pm: The king always announces the afternoon programme in the morning. If he has decided on a promenade, it might be taken on foot in the gardens or in a carriage with ladies. On the other hand, hunting activities the Bourbons' favourite pastime will take place on the grounds (if the king goes shooting) or in the surrounding forests (riding to hounds).

King hunting

800 hectares (2,000 acres) of grounds 20 kilometres (12 miles) of roads46 kilometres (27 miles) of trellises200,000 trees210,000 flowers planted every year132 kilometres (80 miles) of rows of trees23 hectares (55 acres): surface area of the Grand Canal5.57 kilometres (3.3 miles): perimeter of the Grand Canal

20 kilometres (12 miles) of enclosing walls50 fountains620 fountain nozzles35 kilometres (21 miles) of water conduits3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumed during Full Play of Fountains11 hectares (26 acres) of roof51,210 square meters of floors

2,153 windows700 rooms67 staircases6,000 paintings1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravings2,100 sculptures5,000 items of furniture and objets d'art150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable Garden