Vernacular architecture of kullu
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Transcript of Vernacular architecture of kullu
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KULLU
Submitted by:
Jagriti
13622
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE is a category of
architecture based on local needs, construction
materials and reflecting local traditions.
It tends to evolve over time to reflect
the environmental, cultural, technological, economic,
and historical context in which it exists.
The term vernacular is derived from
the Latin vernaculus, meaning "native".
In architecture, it refers to that type of
architecture which is indigenous to a specific time or
place.
Introduction to VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KULLU
In Kullu, elements of nature shape the spatial order
and man has to adapt himself to these forces.
Over the ages it has evolved unique traditions of art
and architecture with foreign influences.
In the post independence period it has been marked
by almost complete break from traditional and
colonial style of architecture.
Geographical features OF KULLU
Altitude : 1,278 m
Latitude : 31° 20‘N to 32° 25'N
Longitude : 76° 56‘E to 77° 52'E
Climate : Cold
Maximum Temperature : 38.8° C
Minimum Temperature : 5.2° C
Average rainfall : 80 cm
LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS
Availability of forests implies high
preference to wood for construction
purposes.
Due to the Beas river passing through the
district, mud is available easily.
Since it is hilly area, stone is available in
abundance.
Climatic influence
Low ceiling height for warmer interiors.
Small size windows to prevent heat loss.
Sloping roofs for efficient drainage in heavy
rainfall and snowfall areas.
Use of wood mainly for building purposes to
keep the living warmer and comfortable.
ARCHITECTURE OF KULLU
Architecture of Kullu can broadly be
divided into 4 categories:
Architecture of houses
Temple Architecture
Architecture of Monasteries
Architecture of Palaces
ARCHITECTURE of houses
Double storey houses with pitched roof, oriented
towards South to reduce heat loss.
Linear arrangement of rooms, connected by a
verandah or balcony on both the floors.
Timber and stone are used widely as both have high
thermal capacity and low conductivity.
Inner walls thickness is 4 inch and outer walls
thickness is 9 inch.
SECTION OF A TYPICAL HOUSE
Kath-khuni architecture
This style of layering
and interlocking timber
with stones in the walls
provides strength,
stability and flexibility.
Different types of
Pitched Roofs
TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
Himachal Pradesh is a land of the Gods.
Hindu temples of many types are found in this
spectacular land of the Himalayas.
This valley of Kullu has 368 temples.
There are three styles of temple architecture
in the valley:
Pagoda style
Shikhara style
Pahari style
PAGODA STYLE
These are rectangular stone and wood structures
with successive roofs, placed one over the other
making them in some cases look like multi-storey
edifices.
Hadimba Temple (Manali) , Tripura Sundri
Temple (Naggar) and Adi Brahma Temple
(Khokhan) are examples of such architecture.
HADIMBA TEMPLE
Interiors of
the temple
Adi-brahma temple
Shikhara style
It refers to the rising tower over the sanctum
where the presiding deity is enshrined and is the
most prominent and visible part of a Hindu
temple of North India.
Bishweshwar temple (Bajaura), Shiv Temple
(Naggar), Gauri Shankar Temple (Dashal), Shiv
Temple (Jagatsukh) are built in this style.
Of these Bishweshwar temple, Bajaura is the
largest stone temple in the valley.
Bishweshwar temple
Pahari style
Pahari style is a mixture of all other
temple forms.
Bhuvneshwari Temple and Bijli Mahadev
Temple in Kullu are excellent examples of
this form of temple architecture.
Bijli mahadev temple
Dechen Choekhor Monastery
monasteries
palaces
Naggar castle
Interior view of naggar castle
Chehni kothi
Main construction techniques
Rammed earth technique
Adobe construction
In the former style, the mud is filled into the wooden
forms and rammed into the place slowly building up
the wall.
In the later style, sun dried mud blocks are used in
the construction of the wall. The roof is kept flat
and comprises a closely packed layer of sun twigs
supported on wooden beams and joists and resting
on the wooden columns.
Thank you…