Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Determination of Eligibility Form

A “Determination of Eligibility” is a decision regarding whether or not a district, site, building, structure or object meets the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, although the property is not formally listed in the State or National Register. Please complete this electronic form by clicking in each gray box and entering the required text. 1. This Determination of Eligibility is for the: ☒ State Register of Historic Places

☐ National Register of Historic Places 2. Property Information:

211 Main Street Winooski, VT 05404

3. Property Type: ☒ Building (e.g. house, barn, church, factory, city hall, library) ☐ Site (e.g. archaeological site, location of a significant event, historic landscape)

☐ Structure (e.g. bridge, tunnel, bandstand, dam) ☐ Object (e.g. public sculpture, monument, fountain)

☐ District (e.g. college campus, central business district, farmstead, neighborhood) 4. Who is making this request? ☐ Division for Historic Preservation Staff: Name, Title -or-

Michele Crete, owner

5. Property Ownership: (check one) ☒ I am the sole owner of this property

☐ There are multiple legal owners of this property. Number of owners: # ☐ I have a leasehold interest in this property ☐ I do not own this property 6. Owner Information: (list multiple owners on a separate sheet)

Michele Crete, owner 201 Main Street Winooski, VT 05404

7. Has the owner been informed of this request? ☐ Yes

☐ No If no, please explain

8. Reason for this Request: ☐ I want to list this property in the State/National Register ☐ Federal project – Section 106 review ☐ State project – 22 VSA 14 review ☒ Act 250 project – Criterion 8 review ☐ State and/or Federal tax credits ☐ Barn Grant Application ☐ Historic Preservation Grant Application ☐ Division staff request ☐ Other:

9. Required Attachments:

☒ Survey Form: A completed Historic Sites & Structures Survey or Vermont Archaeological Inventory form.

☒ Photographs:

Building, Structure, Object: recent photographs of the property showing exterior views of each side; overall views of the property and the surrounding context; and views of important interior features. If possible, include copies of historic photographs of the property as well. Archaeological Site: recent photographs showing visible features of the site and any notable artifacts recovered from the site. District: recent photographs of the buildings, structures and/or objects in the district; and streetscape views showing how the resources relate to each other. If possible, include copies of historic photographs of the district as well.

☒ Location Map: A printed or drawn map showing the location of the property in relation to

streets, intersections or widely recognized features. Include a north arrow. For a district, include an approximate boundary showing the extent of the district.

10. Date of Submittal:

Please email this entire form and all required attachments to: Devin Colman, State Architectural Historian

accd.projectreview@vermont.gov Questions? Call Devin at 802-828-3043

INTERNAL USE ONLY For Determinations Related to a Section 106 review: Federal Agency Determination: ☐ Eligible ☐ Not Eligible Criteria: ☐A ☐B ☐C ☐D Considerations: ☐A ☐B ☐C ☐D ☐E ☐F ☐G Area(s) of Significance: , , Period of Significance: Does the Division concur with the Federal Agency Determination? ☐ Yes ☐ No Staff Comments: Reviewed by: Name, Title Date: mm/dd/yyyy For Determinations related to an Act 250 or 22 VSA 14 review: Division for Historic Preservation Determination: ☐Eligible ☐Not Eligible Criteria: ☐A ☐B ☐C ☐D Considerations: ☐A ☐B ☐C ☐D ☐E ☐F ☐G Area(s) of Significance: , , Period of Significance: Does the Advisory Council concur with the Division’s Determination? ☐ Yes ☐ No Advisory Council Comments: Reviewed by: Name, Title Date: mm/dd/yyyy For all other requests: Division for Historic Preservation Determination: ☐Eligible ☐Not Eligible Criteria: ☐A ☐B ☐C ☐D Considerations: ☐A ☐B ☐C ☐D ☐E ☐F ☐G Area(s) of Significance: , , Period of Significance: Staff Comments: Reviewed by: Name, Title Date: mm/dd/yyyy

INTERNAL USE ONLY

Evaluating Archaeological Site Significance:

Research Topics

Data Requirements (see details below) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Adaptation

Chronology

Technology

Exchange/Trade

Settlement System

Subsistence System

Socio-Political Organization

Human Biology

Belief System

Environmental Change

Data Requirements for a site to address the respective research topics:

1. Site contains items, deposits, and/or surfaces that can provide inferences about relevant past activities.

2. Site contains items or deposits that can identify the site’s time period. 3. Site possesses spatial relationships among items, deposits, and or surfaces which can be

reconstructed. 4. Site contains deposits with floral, pollen, faunal or other botanical and zoological data. 5. Site contains items whose potential source area(s) can be identified. 6. Site contains the remains of at least one inhumation sufficiently preserved to permit analysis of

diet, health, pathologies, or demographic data; or contains evidence of at least one cremation. 7. Site contains non-utilitarian items or deposits that can provide inferences of at least one

cremation. 8. Site contains natural or cultural deposits or surfaces with date pertinent to paleo-

environmental reconstruction (including past vegetation, fauna, landscape, water sources, or climate) of the locale or larger region.

Updated 9/27/2016

STATE OF VERMONT Division for Historic Preservation 1 National Life Drive, Floor 6 Montpelier, VT 05602 HISTORIC SITES & STRUCTURES SURVEY Individual Property Survey Form

SURVEY NUMBER: (Assigned by VDHP) Listed in State Register ☐ Date:

PRESENT FORMAL NAME: ORIGINAL FORMAL NAME:

COUNTY: Chittenden PRESENT USE: Multi-family residence TOWN: Winooski ORIGINAL USE: single family residence ADDRESS: 211 Main Street ARCHITECT/ENGINEER: unknown COMMON NAME: BUILDER/CONTRACTOR: unknown PROPERTY TYPE: House DATE BUILT: c.1850 OWNER: Michele Crete ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC: Yes ☐ No ☒ Restricted ☐

PHYSICAL CONDITION OF STRUCTURE: Good ☒ Fair ☐ Poor ☐

LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE: Local ☒ State ☐ National ☐

STYLE: Vernacular

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Structural System:

1. Foundation: Stone☒ Brick☒ Concrete☐ Concrete Block☐2. Wall Structure

a. Wood Frame: Post & Beam☐ Plank☐ Balloon☐ Platform☒

b. Load Bearing Masonry: Brick☐ Stone☐ Concrete☐ Concrete Block☐c. Metal: Iron☐ Steel☐ d. Other:

3. Wall Cladding: Clapboard☐ Board & Batten☐ Wood Shingle☐ Shiplap☐

Novelty☐ Asbestos Shingle☐ Aluminum Siding☐ Asphalt Shingle☐ Vinyl Siding☒

Brick Veneer☐ Stone Veneer☐ Other: 4. Roof Structure

Truss: Wood☐ Iron☐ Steel☐ Concrete Other: Wood rafters5. Roof Covering: Slate☐ Wood Shingle☐ Asphalt Shingle☒ Sheet Metal☒

Built Up☐ Rolled☐ Tile☐ Standing Seam☐ Other:6. Engineering Structure: 7. Other:

Appendages: Porches☒ Towers☐ Cupolas☐ Dormers☐ Chimneys☒ Sheds☐ Ells☐ Wings☐ Bay Window☐ Other:

Roof Styles: Gable☒ Hip☐ Shed☐ Flat☐ Mansard☐ Gambrel☒ Jerkinhead☐ Saw Tooth☐ With Monitor☐ With Bellcast☐ With Parapet☐ With False Front☐ Other:

Number of Stories: 1 ½ Entrance Location: Façade Number of Bays: 3 x 4 Approximate Dimensions: 25 x 40

Criteria for Eligibility: A: Historic☒ B: Person☐ C: Architectural☒ D: Archeological☐ Integrity: Location☒ Design☒ Setting☒ Materials☐ Workmanship☒ Feeling☒ Assoc.☒ Areas of Significance: Community Planning and Development, Architecture

ADDITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL OR STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTION: The building located at 211 Main Street is wood-framed, 1 ½ story, gable front, sidehall plan house with a slate tile covered roof and vinyl sided walls. The mortared stone foundation is raised 30” above grade and has been parged on the exterior. A one-story façade porch was added in the 1920s with battered columns resting on a half wall. A band of aluminum storm windows encloses the upper half of the porch though the wood column faces remain exposed between the windows. Extending from the rear, east elevation is a one-story, gable roofed addition that houses a studio apartment. Window sash are uniformly replacement ½ vinyl units set in largely original openings. On the façade, a pair of windows are set high in the gable and single windows set in the first floor north and center bays. The south bay entrance door opening remains in the sidehall plan, but the door has been replaced. The south façade retains its two, first story windows set in the rear bays owing to the interior stair location. Windows facing north, toward the closely adjacent restaurant have been modified. On the rear elevation the pair of gable windows and south bay door opening remain in place, the center and north bay windows have been infilled where the addition attaches to the main block. Exterior trim is simple and largely obscured by vinyl cladding, comprising molded wood eaves with short returns and flat stock window and door casings with drip caps. The porch retains its battered columns, wood sill and board framing, the molded eaves have been clad in aluminum. Inside the porch remain the wood clapboards, beadboard ceiling, and window and door casings. The interior space plan is generally intact, as is the sidehall plan staircase and balustrade although surfaces have been re-covered with modern materials including laminate floors, sheetrocked and paneled walls, and acoustic paneled ceilings. The second-floor surfaces have been similarly covered. RELATED STRUCTURES: (Describe) n/a STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: High demand for wool in the early 19th century led to dramatically higher prices and over one million sheep on Vermont farms by 1830. Entrepreneurs sought to exploit advantageous sites at the Winooski Falls to power textile mills that would process the wool. Among the many mills to be constructed at the falls was the Burlington Woolen Mill Company mill, the largest in Vermont. In his book The great Falls on the Onion River: A History of Winooski Vermont, author Vincent Feeney discusses the mill and references the mill investors’ solicitations to potential suppliers for one million bricks, and hundreds of thousands of board feet of lumber for its construction. The mill was completed in 1838 though construction on ancillary buildings continued through 1850. The mill’s construction furthered a wave of commercial expansion, immigration, and a transition of the falls village from rural settlement to an urban industrial center. Nine Streets were laid out on Company land in the 1840s that would form Winooski’s downtown core, concentrated in the area between the river and Vermont Central railroad tracks. Main Street was laid out as far north as what is now LaFountain Street.

The 1840s boom in mill construction and textiles brought increasing prosperity and wealth to Winooski which was then part of Colchester. Many mill laborers, mostly immigrants from Ireland and French Canada, were housed in tenements constructed nearby the mill companies. Others lived in small houses, many of them built and owned by the mill companies. Consistent with traditional patterns of development in Vermont mill towns, managers, agents and merchants of means began constructing larger homes on available land outside the congested commercial area. Extending north from the commercial core in Winooski was Main Street, little more than a path in the 1850s but with available building lots. The attached 1857 Wallings map also shows the presence of the initial sections of intersecting and parallel streets including Weaver and Spring Streets. Number 211 Main Street was among the new homes constructed in the expanding village lining Main Street as far north as what is now LaFountain Street. The attached Beers map from 1869 shows further east and west expansion of the mid-19th century neighborhood along Spring, Union, Weaver, North, St. Peter, and LeClaire Streets. Many of the homes dating to the mid-19th century mill expansion are extant in the area around the intersection of Spring and Main Streets where 211 Main Street is located. Two recent evaluations have recommended the area be considered part of a historic district. One was in 2016 when a DOE (subsequently approved by VDHP as contributing) was generated for 179 Main Street at the southeast corner of Spring and Main Streets. That DOE identified the presence of a mid-19th century historic district in the area but did not define its boundaries. The second was a Main Street survey completed in 2018 that recommended 211 Main Street be determined part of a larger historic district extending along Main Street and side streets. While the mid-19th century formation and expansion of the mills was formative in Winooski’s development, it’s important to note that the mills and ancillary businesses operated at the falls from the 1830s through the mid-1950s until a drop in demand for wool, unionization, and a large-scale strike closed the Burlington Woolen Mill for good in 1954. Indeed, the demand for wool blankets and uniforms during WWII saw the mills at peak production for several years with hundreds of workers laid off during the depression rehired. With this in mind, the period of significance for a potential greater Winooski historic district could reasonably extend from the 1830s through the 1950s and include a large section of the city core based on the development patterns shown in the attached maps from Wallings, 1857 through Sanborn, 1942. Further research should define more precisely the city’s historic district boundaries. With respect to the mid-19th century expansion, the prevailing architectural forms that comprise that component of the larger historic district include wood framing, 1 ½ stories, and gable front configuration with clapboard and brick veneer claddings. Individual features and complexity of detail vary on the buildings including a mix of Federal, Greek revival, Italianate, and Queen Ann-style elements both original and applied later. The boundaries of this component of the historic district have not been identified but would include the section of Main Street as far north as #211. Demolition and alterations have diminished the integrity of the district north of #211, but of the 14 buildings on Main Street between #211 and Spring Street, nine were considered contributing in the Main Street historic building survey undertaken in 2018. Moreover, the building at the southeast corner Main and Spring was confirmed to be contributing in a potential historic district in 2016. Based on the Wallings and Beers maps that show a concentration of contemporaneous residential buildings extending east and west of Main Street, consideration should be given to extending the mid-19th century component to include these areas.

Number 211 Main Street is the northernmost of a tightly spaced group of three similar houses on the east side of Main Street between Spring and LaFountain Streets. All share common, 1 ½ story gable front characteristics of the district and all three have had one story, hipped roof porches added to the facades. Some exterior alterations are apparent on #211, including vinyl siding and replacement windows. It also has a newer addition on the rear elevation that houses a rental apartment. The main block retains its original footprint set close to the sidewalk, 1920s porch with exposed battered wood columns, and original window openings and casings on the visible elevations facing the street and south toward downtown that indicate the sidehall plan. The raised foundation is visible and has been parged. The house Is clearly legible as mid-19th century construction and belonging to a concentration of similarly sized and configured buildings in the neighborhood. Inside the porch enclosure the building retains its original clapboard siding, window and door openings and wood casings, and 1920s beadboard ceiling. The interior has expectedly evolved since its mid-19th century construction with new kitchen, mechanicals, and surfaces, but retains its front parlor configuration and original sidehall staircase with balustrade and turned newel post. Upstairs a central hall leads to bedrooms in kneewall rooms with modern surface coverings. Conclusion: The above evaluation confirms that #211 Main Street should be considered a contributing building within a greater Winooski Historic District. The section of Main Street where #211 is located developed in the early-mid-19th century and while there have been infill and alterations to some buildings, the overall streetscape retains the building forms and features in sufficient concentration to convey the development of this part of Winooski. The neighborhood is locally significant and eligible for the State Register under Criterion A its association with patterns of community development. Number 211 Main Street appears to be a contributing resource within this district, possessing integrity of location, design, setting, feeling and association. The house appears on historic maps dating to the 1857 Wallings Map. The front entrance porch was added sometime between 1926 and 1942, the extent battered columns indicate a ca.1930 construction. The house does not possess architectural elements that would disqualify its contributing status, including significant porch changes, obtrusive roof dormers, or major changes to fenestration on primary elevations. The interior retains its most significant architectural features being its sidewall plan and original staircase. REFERENCES: Walling 1857 Map of Winooski, Sanborn Maps of Winooski (1904, 1926, 1942), The Great Falls on Onion River: A history of Winooski, VT; Newspapers.com; MAP: (Indicate North in Circle) See attached☒

SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT: Open Woodland ☐ Woodland ☐ Scattered Buildings ☐ Moderately Built Up ☒ Densely Built Up ☐ Residential ☐ Commercial ☒ Agricultural ☐ Industrial ☒ Roadside Strip Development ☒ Other:

RECORDED BY: Scott Newman

ORGANIZATION: 106 Associates

DATE RECORDED: 10/18/19

211 Main Street Winooski

1000 ft

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N© 2018 Google

© 2018 Google

© 2018 Google

P a g e 0 1 Determination of Eligibility Request

211 Main Street, Winooski

Photo 01: Looking southeast on Main Street, view shows #215 at left, then #211, then south along the

east side of Main Street. Notations indicate properties appearing to contribute in a district.

Photo 02: Looking northeast on Main Street, view shows #211 at right, then #215, then north along the

east side of Main Street.

211 C

209 C

205 C

201 C

197N/C

195 C

187N/C

183 C

215N/C

P a g e 0 2 Determination of Eligibility Request

211 Main Street, Winooski

Photo 03: Looking northeast, view shows #211 façade and south elevation facing downtown.

Photo 04: Looking southeast, view shows façade porch with battered wood columns and aluminum

storm windows enclosing the porch.

P a g e 0 3 Determination of Eligibility Request

211 Main Street, Winooski

Photo 05 (left): Looking east, view shows north elevation of #211 at right.

Photo 06 (right): Looking southeast, view shows battered column detail on façade porch.

Photo 07: Looking west, view shows main block east elevation in background, and one-story addition

behind building in foreground.

P a g e 0 4 Determination of Eligibility Request

211 Main Street, Winooski

Photo 08: Looking south, view shows façade porch interior with wood door and window casings, clap-

board siding, beadboard ceiling, and sidehall entrance at far left.

Photo 09: Looking north, view shows façade porch interior with center and north bay windows at right.

P a g e 0 5 Determination of Eligibility Request

211 Main Street, Winooski

Photo 10: Looking south, view shows front parlor in foreground and original sidehall stairs in back-

ground.

Photo 11 (left): View shows staircase balustrade detail

Photo 12 (right): View shows staircase detail with turned newel post.

P a g e 0 6 Determination of Eligibility Request

211 Main Street, Winooski

Photo 13: Looking east, view shows kitchen in back room and door to backyard.

Photo 14: Looking east, view shows second floor typical conditions in back bedroom.

P a g e 0 7 Determination of Eligibility Request

211 Main Street, Winooski

Photo 15: View shows typical basement conditions. Foundation is mortared stone to grade and brick

above grade.

Photo 16: View shows basement window set in brick foundation.

Wallings Map 1857

Wallings Map 1857

EA

Been1869

Beers Map, 1869

Sanborn Map 1904

Sanborn Map 1926

Sanborn Map 1942