VERBSVERBSTENSETENSE

AGREEMENTAGREEMENTINFINITIVESINFINITIVES

VOICEVOICEGERUNDSGERUNDS

MOODMOOD

VERBSVERBSVERBS SHOW VERBS SHOW ACTION OR STATE ACTION OR STATE OF BEINGOF BEING

RUN, SWIM, JUMP: RUN, SWIM, JUMP: ACTIONACTION

APPEAR, BE, SEEM APPEAR, BE, SEEM STATE OF BEINGSTATE OF BEING

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERBPRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB

VERBS HAVE 4 BASIC FORMSVERBS HAVE 4 BASIC FORMS

PRESENT (TALK)PRESENT (TALK)

PRESENT PARTICIPLE – VERB PRESENT PARTICIPLE – VERB FUNCTIONING AS AN ADJECTIVE FUNCTIONING AS AN ADJECTIVE MODIFYING A NOUN OR PRONOUN MODIFYING A NOUN OR PRONOUN ((IS) TALKING)((IS) TALKING)

PAST (TALKED)PAST (TALKED)

PAST PARTICIPLE ((HAS) TALKED)PAST PARTICIPLE ((HAS) TALKED)

REGULAR VERBSREGULAR VERBSREGULAR VERBS ADD –ED OR –D TO THE REGULAR VERBS ADD –ED OR –D TO THE PRESENT TENSE TO FORM THE PAST PRESENT TENSE TO FORM THE PAST TENSE (SKIP AND SKIPPED)TENSE (SKIP AND SKIPPED)SPELLING ISSUES:SPELLING ISSUES:ADDING VOWEL SUFFIX TO “Y” OR SILENT ADDING VOWEL SUFFIX TO “Y” OR SILENT “E”, DROP THE “E” “E”, DROP THE “E” AMAZE + ING = AMAZING, EXCEPTION AMAZE + ING = AMAZING, EXCEPTION CHANGEABLECHANGEABLEADDING CONSONANT SUFFIX, KEEP THE ADDING CONSONANT SUFFIX, KEEP THE “E”“E”LATE + LY = LATELY, EXCEPTION TRULYLATE + LY = LATELY, EXCEPTION TRULY

SPELLING CONTINUEDSPELLING CONTINUED

““A” OR “O” SUFFIX “E” STAYS WHEN A” OR “O” SUFFIX “E” STAYS WHEN IT HAS A SOFT “C” OR SOFT “G” IT HAS A SOFT “C” OR SOFT “G” SOUND SOUND

BRIDGE + ABLE = BRIDGEABLE, BRIDGE + ABLE = BRIDGEABLE, PEACE + ABLE = PEACEABLEPEACE + ABLE = PEACEABLE

VOWEL SUFFIX TO “EE” OR “OO”, VOWEL SUFFIX TO “EE” OR “OO”, SILENT “E” RETAINEDSILENT “E” RETAINED

AGREE + ING = AGREEINGAGREE + ING = AGREEING

SPELLING CONTINUEDSPELLING CONTINUEDSUFFIX (EXCEPT FOR ING) TO WORD SUFFIX (EXCEPT FOR ING) TO WORD ENDING IN “Y” PRECEDED BY A ENDING IN “Y” PRECEDED BY A CONSONANT, CHANGE Y TO I CONSONANT, CHANGE Y TO I EASY + EST = EASIEST, EXCEPTION EASY + EST = EASIEST, EXCEPTION DRYNESSDRYNESSEMPTY + ING = EMPTYINGEMPTY + ING = EMPTYINGSUFFIX TO WORD ENDING IN “Y” SUFFIX TO WORD ENDING IN “Y” PRECEDED BY A VOWEL, Y DOESN’T PRECEDED BY A VOWEL, Y DOESN’T CHANGECHANGEPLAY + ER = PLAYER, EXCEPTION DAILYPLAY + ER = PLAYER, EXCEPTION DAILY

SPELLING CONTINUEDSPELLING CONTINUED

ONE-SYLLABLE WORDS ENDING IN ONE-SYLLABLE WORDS ENDING IN CONSONANT, PRECEDED BY VOWEL CONSONANT, PRECEDED BY VOWEL (-ED OR –ING) 1+1+1 WORDS (-ED OR –ING) 1+1+1 WORDS

DIP + ED = DIPPEDDIP + ED = DIPPED

DOES NOT APPLY TO WORDS ENDING DOES NOT APPLY TO WORDS ENDING IN CONSONANT PRECEDED BY TWO IN CONSONANT PRECEDED BY TWO VOWELSVOWELS

FEEL + ING = FEELINGFEEL + ING = FEELING

SPELLING CONTINUEDSPELLING CONTINUEDMORE THAN ONE SYLLABLE WORDS MORE THAN ONE SYLLABLE WORDS DOUBLE THE FINAL CONSONANT DOUBLE THE FINAL CONSONANT WHEN THE WORD ENDS WITH ONE WHEN THE WORD ENDS WITH ONE CONSONANT PRECEDED BY A VOWEL CONSONANT PRECEDED BY A VOWEL AND ACCENTED ON THE LAST AND ACCENTED ON THE LAST SYLLABLESYLLABLEBEGIN + ING = BEGINNINGBEGIN + ING = BEGINNINGREFER + ENCE = REFERENCE REFER + ENCE = REFERENCE (ACCENT SHIFTS)(ACCENT SHIFTS)

IRREGULAR VERBSIRREGULAR VERBSPRESENTPRESENT PASTPAST PAST PAST

PARTICIPLEPARTICIPLE

HITHIT HITHIT (HAVE) HIT(HAVE) HIT

CATCHCATCH CAUGHTCAUGHT (HAVE) (HAVE) CAUGHTCAUGHT

DRINKDRINK DRANKDRANK (HAVE) (HAVE) DRUNKDRUNK

BREAKBREAK BROKEBROKE (HAVE) (HAVE) BROKENBROKEN

GOGO WENTWENT (HAVE) GONE(HAVE) GONE

VERB TENSESVERB TENSES

VERB TENSE – WHEN THE ACTION VERB TENSE – WHEN THE ACTION HAPPENEDHAPPENED

PRESENT TENSEPRESENT TENSE

PRESENT ACTIONPRESENT ACTION

I I ACE ACE TESTS.TESTS.

ACTION THAT HAPPENS OVER AND ACTION THAT HAPPENS OVER AND OVEROVER

SCIENTIFIC FACTS AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC FACTS AND OTHER THINGS THAT ARE ALWAYS TRUETHINGS THAT ARE ALWAYS TRUE

HEADLINESHEADLINES

LITERATURELITERATURE

PAST TENSEPAST TENSE

ACTION OCCURRED IN THE PASTACTION OCCURRED IN THE PAST

I I ACEDACED THE TEST. THE TEST.

FUTURE TENSEFUTURE TENSE

ACTION WILL OCCUR IN THE FUTUREACTION WILL OCCUR IN THE FUTURE

WILL OR SHALLWILL OR SHALL

I I WILL ACEWILL ACE THE TEST. THE TEST.

PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT

ACTION WAS COMPLETED AT ONE OR ACTION WAS COMPLETED AT ONE OR MORE INDEFINITE TIMES IN THE PASTMORE INDEFINITE TIMES IN THE PAST

ACTION BEGAN IN THE PAST AND ACTION BEGAN IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES IN THE PRESENTCONTINUES IN THE PRESENT

HAVE OR HAS + PRESENT HAVE OR HAS + PRESENT PARTICIPLEPARTICIPLE

I I HAVE BEEN ACING HAVE BEEN ACING THE TEST.THE TEST.

PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT

SHOWS ACTION OR CONDITION IN SHOWS ACTION OR CONDITION IN THE PAST PRECEDED ANOTHER PAST THE PAST PRECEDED ANOTHER PAST ACTION OR CONDITIONACTION OR CONDITION

HAD + PAST PARTICIPLEHAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

I I HAD ACEDHAD ACED THE TEST. THE TEST.

FUTURE PERFECTFUTURE PERFECT

SHOWS ACTION OR CONDITION IN SHOWS ACTION OR CONDITION IN THE FUTURE WILL PRECEDE THE FUTURE WILL PRECEDE ANOTHER FUTURE ACTION OR ANOTHER FUTURE ACTION OR CONDITIONCONDITION

WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLEWILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

I I WILL HAVEWILL HAVE ACED THE TEST. ACED THE TEST.

PROGRESSIVE VERBSPROGRESSIVE VERBSEXPRESS AN EVENT IN PROGRESSEXPRESS AN EVENT IN PROGRESS

SHE SHE WAS READINGWAS READING A BOOK WHEN THE A BOOK WHEN THE LIGHTS WENT OUT.LIGHTS WENT OUT.

SIX PROGRESSIVE FORMSSIX PROGRESSIVE FORMS

ADD TENSE OF VERB “BE” WITH THE ADD TENSE OF VERB “BE” WITH THE PRESENT PARTICIPLEPRESENT PARTICIPLE

FREQUENTLY USED WITH AN ADVERB OF FREQUENTLY USED WITH AN ADVERB OF TIME TO INDICATE FUTURE ACTIONTIME TO INDICATE FUTURE ACTION

I WILL BE STUDYING NEXT WEEK.I WILL BE STUDYING NEXT WEEK.

PROGRESSIVE VERBSPROGRESSIVE VERBSPRESENT PRESENT PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE

WE ARE SMILINGWE ARE SMILING

PAST PROGRESSIVEPAST PROGRESSIVE WE WERE SMILINGWE WERE SMILING

FUTURE FUTURE PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE

WE WILL BE SMILINGWE WILL BE SMILING

PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE

WE HAVE BEEN WE HAVE BEEN SMILINGSMILING

PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE

WE HAD BEEN WE HAD BEEN SMILINGSMILING

FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE

WE WILL HAVE BEEN WE WILL HAVE BEEN SMILINGSMILING

EMPHATICEMPHATICGIVES SPECIAL FORCE TO A VERBGIVES SPECIAL FORCE TO A VERBUSED ONLY IN PRESENT AND PAST TENSEUSED ONLY IN PRESENT AND PAST TENSECOMMONLY USED TO CORRECT OR COMMONLY USED TO CORRECT OR CONTRADICTCONTRADICTI I DO EATDO EAT PIZZA! WHEN I WAS A KID, WOW, PIZZA! WHEN I WAS A KID, WOW, DIDDID I I EATEAT PIZZA. PIZZA.DODO I I EATEAT PIZZA? PIZZA? DID DID I REALLYI REALLY EAT EAT 25 25 PIZZAS?PIZZAS?I I DO NOTDO NOT EATEAT GREEN, LEAFY VEGETABLES GREEN, LEAFY VEGETABLES—ONLY PIZZA. HOWEVER, I —ONLY PIZZA. HOWEVER, I DID NOT EATDID NOT EAT ALL 25 PIZZAS BY MYSELF.ALL 25 PIZZAS BY MYSELF.

ACTIVE VERSUS PASSIVEACTIVE VERSUS PASSIVEVOICEVOICE

THE BALL WAS HIT. (BY WHOM)THE BALL WAS HIT. (BY WHOM)PASSIVEPASSIVETUCKER HIT THE BALL.TUCKER HIT THE BALL.ACTIVEACTIVECIGARETTE TAXES WILL BE RAISED.CIGARETTE TAXES WILL BE RAISED.PASSIVEPASSIVECONGRESS WILL RAISE TAXES ON CONGRESS WILL RAISE TAXES ON CIGARETTES.CIGARETTES.ACTIVEACTIVE

WHEN TO USE PASSIVE VOICEWHEN TO USE PASSIVE VOICE

THE DOER OF THE ACTION IS NOT THE DOER OF THE ACTION IS NOT IMPORTANT OR NOT KNOWN.IMPORTANT OR NOT KNOWN.

SCHOOL WAS CANCELLED TODAY! SCHOOL WAS CANCELLED TODAY! (WHO CARES WHO CANCELLED IT)(WHO CARES WHO CANCELLED IT)

YOU WANT TO BE POLITE, AVOID YOU WANT TO BE POLITE, AVOID SOUNDING BOSSY, OR TO SOFTEN A SOUNDING BOSSY, OR TO SOFTEN A STRONG STATEMENT.STRONG STATEMENT.

YOUR APPLICATION WAS REJECTED.YOUR APPLICATION WAS REJECTED.

PASSIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICEYOU WANT TO EMPHASIZE THE THING YOU WANT TO EMPHASIZE THE THING YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT, NOT THE YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT, NOT THE PERSON WHO DOES THE ACTIONPERSON WHO DOES THE ACTION

THIS BIG BLUE RIBBON WILL BE GIVEN TO THIS BIG BLUE RIBBON WILL BE GIVEN TO THE WINNER.THE WINNER.

YOU ARE WRITING IN AN IMPERSONAL, YOU ARE WRITING IN AN IMPERSONAL, SCIENTIFIC MANNERSCIENTIFIC MANNER

THE MICE WERE SEPARATED INTO TWO THE MICE WERE SEPARATED INTO TWO GROUPS.GROUPS.

MOODMOOD

INDICATIVE – USE TO MAKE INDICATIVE – USE TO MAKE STATEMENTS OR ASK QUESTIONS STATEMENTS OR ASK QUESTIONS

MR. GREEN MR. GREEN ISIS MY TEACHER. MY TEACHER.

SUBJUNCTIVE – USE TO EXPRESS A SUBJUNCTIVE – USE TO EXPRESS A WISH OR STATE A CONDITION THAT WISH OR STATE A CONDITION THAT IS CONTRARY TO FACTIS CONTRARY TO FACT

I WISH MR. GREEN I WISH MR. GREEN WEREWERE MY MY TEACHER.TEACHER.

MOODMOOD

IMPERATIVE – USE TO MAKE A IMPERATIVE – USE TO MAKE A REQUEST OR GIVE A COMMAND. REQUEST OR GIVE A COMMAND. ONLY USE THE PRESENT TENSE.ONLY USE THE PRESENT TENSE.

REMEMBERREMEMBER TO CALL YOUR SISTER. TO CALL YOUR SISTER. PLEASE PLEASE DODO IT SOON. IT SOON.