Vegetation Management in Longleaf Pine Systemsconference.ifas.ufl.edu/aw17/presentations/2 Wed 8A...
Transcript of Vegetation Management in Longleaf Pine Systemsconference.ifas.ufl.edu/aw17/presentations/2 Wed 8A...
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Vegetation Management in Longleaf Pine Systems
Pat Minogue, Ph.D., R.F.
Associate Professor of Silviculture
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Use of Herbicides in Longleaf Management
Silviculture
Habitat Management
Fuels Management
Improve Aesthetics
Longleaf Alliance WebsiteLongleaf Alliance Website
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Herbicides for Habitat Restoration?
Herbicides, like fire, provide a site disturbance that shifts plant species composition.
Many commonly used forestry herbicides shift vegetation to favor wildlife habitats or certain native plants because of differential plant tolerances.
Oust®, Velpar® for broomsedge release in longleaf pine
Photo: Pat Minogue
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Lower Gould Field (Oust)
Concentration (lbs ai/ac)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
wir
eg
ras
s c
row
n a
rea
(in
ch
2)
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-N
+N
Lower Gould Field (Velpar)
Concentration (lbs ai/ac)
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75
wir
eg
ras
s c
row
n a
rea
(in
ch
2)
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-N
+N
Lower Gould Field (Arsenal)
Concentration (lbs ai/ac)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
wir
eg
rass
cro
wn
are
a (
inch
2)
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-N
+N
ARSENALOUST
VELPAR
Preliminary results,Dr. Cheryl Macowiak,University of FL
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Herbicides labeled for “establishment and maintenance of wildlife openings”Trade Name Common Name Controls Selective to
Arsenal® AC Imazapyr Brush, Grasses, Broadleaves, Vines
Legumes,Blackberry,Pines
Escort® XP Metsulfuron methyl
Broadleaves,Legumes, Vines
Grasses
Plateau Imazapic Broadleaves Legumes,Perennial grasses
Accord XRT II Glyphosate Sprayed foliage By placement
Many other herbicides are labeled for this use site
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Silvicultural Herbicide UsesSite Preparation
Herbaceous Weed
Control After Planting
Promote Desired
Associated Vegetation
Arrest Successional
Change - Hardwoods
Wiregrass is promoted by Oust®, low Arsenal rates
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Site Prep Herbicides- Longleaf Pine
CommonName
Trade Name(also generics)
Label ProductRate Per Acre
Glyphosate Accord® XRT IIAccord® XRT
4-8 quarts1.5-8 quarts
Triclopyr Garlon® 4 Ultra 4-6 quarts
*Hexazinone Velpar® LVelpar® DF
2-6 quarts1.3-4 lb
*Imazapyr Chopper® Gen2Arsenal® AC
32-64 oz24-40 oz
*Sulfometuron Oust® XP 2-8 oz
*Metsulfuron Escort® XP NOT LABELED
* Soil Active Residual Herbicides
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Herbicide Site Preparation - LongleafSpring treatment with Velpar® (hexazinone)
• Ideal for sandy soils, oaks sensitive, favors grasses
• Longleaf pine is very tolerant to hexazinone
• Adjust rate by soil texture & organic matter (see label)
• Velpar DF 1.3-4 lb product/acre
• Velpar L 2-6 qts product/acre
• 1-3 lb active ingredient/acre
Solid Formulation Needed!!
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Herbicide Site Preparation - LongleafBroadcast foliar sprays in June - October
➢ Conversion, dense hardwood?40 -48 oz Chopper® Gen 2+ 3 qts Accord® XRT II
➢ Save grass? Longleaf restoration?
Use less than 32 oz Chopper® Gen 2 or less than 16 oz Arsenal AC per acre
32 oz Chopper® + 0-1 qts Accord® XRT 32 oz Chopper® + 1-2 qts Garlon® 4 Ult.
➢ Waxy leaf species: Yaupon, Gallberry, Lyonia, Waxmyrtle?
32-40 oz Chopper® Gen 2plus 1-2 qts Garlon®4 Ultra
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Herbaceous Weed Control Herbicides for Longleaf Pine
Common Name Trade Name* Product RatePer Acre
Hexazinone Velpar® LVelpar® DF
4-8 pints1.3-1.8 lb
Imazapyr Arsenal® AC 4-6 oz
Sulfometuron Oust® XP 2-8 oz
Sulfometuron (12%) + Hexazinone (63%)
Oustar® 10-19 oz
*Comparable generic products are also labeled for this use.
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Herbaceous Weed ControlLongleaf Pine Apply mid-April to mid-May
Do not add surfactant
2 Oust® XP + 24 oz Velpar® L
10-12 oz Oustar®
Pasture Conversion
4 oz Arsenal® + 2 oz Oust® XP
applied mid-may
Bermuda, Torpedograss-
Site prep first!
Check for new roots
Longleaf Alliance Website
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Selective “Cutting” of Individual Stems – Using Herbicides
“Remove” diseased trees, those of poor form
Provides dead wood for wildlife
Promote desired species for wildlife
Red + White Oaks
Persimmon
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Backpack Foliar Sprays Best for targeted
applications on low brush, less than 4 feet tall
Less than 1,500 rootstocks per acre
Use low volumes, 10-20gallons spray per acre (GPA)
Common Herbicides:
Arsenal® AC, Chopper®
Garlon® 4, Garlon® 3A
Accord® XRT Proper Personal Protective Equipment
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Basal Stem TreatmentSpray bark of small diameter stems, < 4”d
May be applied in dormant season
Apply from ground to 12-15 inches high
Use with “basal oil” or oil emulsion carrier
Common Herbicides
Garlon® 4 Ultra No residual effect
Chopper® Gen II Residual soil activity
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Hack & Squirt (Cut Stem)• Used on taller vegetation, greater than 4” diameter• Make cuts at a downward angle around the tree• See labels regarding solution concentration, spacing between “hacks”.
• Generally apply 1 ml/hack, about the same as 1 pull on a squirt bottle.
• Common Herbicides:
•Arsenal® AC
•Garlon® 3A
•Weedar® 64 (2,4-D)
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Cut Stump•Best for a few targeted trees
•Spray just the cambium
•Best on freshly cut stumps
•Treat all the stumps!
• Common Herbicides
•Chopper®, Stalker®
•Garlon® 4 Ultra (ester),
Garlon® 3A (amine)
•Pathfinder® II (RTU)
•Accord® XRT II
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Soil Basal and Spot TreatmentsSpring applications Undiluted Velpar® L
Exact delivery handgun application to the base of woody vegetation
For trees use 2-4 ml product per inch of stem diameter at breast height.
For brush apply 2-4 ml product per 3 feet canopy width.
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Sources of Additional Information
Forest Vegetation Management Website
Silviculture and Wildlife Management
Patrick J. Minogue, Ph.D., R.F.Associate Professor of SilvicultureNorth Florida Research and Education CenterQuincy, FL 32303 [email protected]