Vegetation Benchmarks - dpipwe.tas.gov.au

Vegetation Benchmarks Wet eucalypt forest and woodland

Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. Viminalis

Vegetation Condition Benchmarks version 1

Wet Eucalyptus Forest and Woodland

Last reviewed - 5 July 2016

Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program

Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment

http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/tasveg

WBR Eucalyptus brookeriana wet forest

Community Description:

Eucalyptus brookeriana wet forest is dominated by E. brookeriana, which ranges in canopy height from

10-40m. The understorey is often made up of two layers, a tall, dense, mid-layer, and a layer of

variable density underneath. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of

the listed Eucalyptus brookeriana wet forest community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002.

Benchmarks:

Component Cover % Height (m) DBH (cm) #/ha Length

(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -

Large Trees - 25 80 20 -

Organic Litter 90% - - - -

Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 40 - -

Recruitment Episodic

Understorey Life Forms LF code # Spp Cover %

Tree or large shrub T 3 50

Shrub S 1 5

Large sedge/rush/sagg/lily LSR 1 30

Ground fern GF 2 10

Tree fern TF 1 5

Scrambler/Climber/Epiphytes SCE 1 5

Mosses and Lichens ML 1 20

Total 7 10


WBR Eucalyptus brookeriana wet forest

*This list is provided as a guide only. The species listed are typical of this plant community type but may not necessarily be

present.

Species lists:

Canopy Tree Species Common Name Notes

Acacia melanoxylon blackwood

Eucalyptus brookeriana brookers gum

Eucalyptus delegatensis gumtopped stringybark

Eucalyptus obliqua stringybark

Eucalyptus regnans giant ash

Typical Understorey Species * Common Name LF Code

Acacia dealbata silver wattle T

Acacia melanoxylon blackwood T

Bedfordia salicina Tasmanian blanketleaf T

Leptospermum spp. teatree T

Melaleuca ericifolia coast paperbark T

Olearia argophylla musk daisybush T

Phyllocladus aspleniifolius celerytop pine T

Pomaderris apetala common dogwood T

Cassinia aculeata dollybush S

Monotoca glauca golden wood S

Gahnia grandis cutting grass LSR

Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR

Blechnum spp. waterfern GF

Histiopteris incisa batswing fern GF

Polystichum proliferum mother shieldfern GF

Dicksonia antarctica soft treefern MF

Billardiera spp. appleberry SCE

Clematis aristata mountain clematis SCE







WDB Eucalyptus delegatensis forest with broadleaf shrubs


Eucalyptus delegatensis forest with broadleaf shrubs are tall wet forest (usually over 40m) with a

variable understorey dominated by broadleaf species, common dominants including Olearia argophylla,

Bedfordia salicina and Pomaderris apetala. At lower altitudes E. obliqua, E. viminalis and E. globulus may

occur as sub-dominant canopy species. E. nitida is the most common sub-dominant in the north-

west and west. On upland ranges and plateaux in northern and eastern Tasmanian and the Central

Highlands E. amygdalina is the most common sub-dominant. Herbs are usually low in abundance and

diversity as a result of low light intensity at ground level. The diversity and abundance of ground

ferns is high. In some instances this community is an early successional stage of E. delegatensis forest

with an understorey dominated by rainforest species (WBR).

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 45 - -




Shrub S 6 5

Herbs and orchids H 4 1

Grass G 2 1


Ground fern GF 3 10

Tree fern TF 1 5



Total 9 29

Species lists:



Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint

Eucalyptus dalrympleana mountain white gum

Eucalyptus globulus Tasmanian blue gum

Eucalyptus nitida western peppermint


Eucalyptus viminalis white gum


WDB Eucalypt delegatensis forest with broadleaf shrubs


present.


Acacia spp. wattle T

Anopterus glandulosus tasmanian laurel T

Banksia marginata silver banksia T

Bedfordia salicina tasmanian blanketleaf T

Cenarrhenes nitida native plum T

Monotoca glauca goldey wood T

Nematolepis squamea satinwood T




Prostanthera lasianthos christmas mintbush T

Zieria arborescens stinkwood T

Bauera rubioides wiry bauera S

Coprosma spp. currant S

Cyathodes glauca purple cheeseberry S

Leucopogon spp. beardheath S

Olearia viscosa viscid daisybush S

Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea S

Pimelea drupacea cherry riceflower S

Pultenaea spp. bushpea S

Richea spp. candleheath S

Sprengelia spp. swampheath S

Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper S

Telopea truncata tasmanian waratah S

Acaena novae-zelandiae common buzzy H

Drymophila cyanocarpa turquoise berry H

Geranium potentilloides mountain cranesbill H

Hydrocotyle hirta hairy pennywort H

Chiloglottis spp. orchids H

Ranunculus spp. buttercup H

Senecio spp. groundsel H

Viola hederacea ivyleaf violet H

Deyeuxia spp. bentgrass G

Ehrharta spp. ricegrass G

Festuca spp. fescue G

Dianella tasmanica forest flaxlily LSR


Lepidosperma elatius tall swordsedge LSR



Hypolepis spp. groundfern GF


Pteridium esculentum bracken GF

Dicksonia antarctica soft treefern TF

Billardiera longiflora purple appleberry SCE

Clematis spp. clematis SCE

Microsorum pustulatum kangaroo fern SCE







WDL Eucalyptus delegatensis forest over Leptospermum


Eucalyptus delegatensis forest over Leptospermum is tall wet Eucalyptus delegatensis forest type

characteristic of areas with impeded drainage. The understorey is dominated by tall Leptospermum

species (predominantly L. lanigerum). In some instances, this community is an early successional stage

toward E. delegatensis forest over rainforest (WDR). However the nature of the sites indicates this

succession may be stalled or very slow in some situations.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 45 - -






Ground fern GF 2 1


Total 5 9


WDL Eucalyptus delegatensis forest over Leptospermum


present.

Species lists:






Atherosperma moschatum (eastern

central highlands) sassafras T

Hakea spp. needlebush T

Leptospermum lanigerum woolly teatree T

Nothofagus cunninghamii (eastern

central highlands) myrtle beech T


Australina pusilla shade nettle H



Libertia pulchella grassflag H

Pterostylis spp. greenhood H



Juncus spp. rush LSR


Gleichenia microphylla scrambling coralfern GF






Last reviewed - 22 December 2016




WGK Eucalyptus globulus King Island forest


Eucalyptus globulus King Island forest is wet forest on King Island dominated by Eucalyptus globulus,

with E. brookeriana* as a sub-dominant, or occasional co-dominant tree. The canopy is open-

crowned and rarely exceeds 30 m. The community may have a woodland structure (see TASVEG

DKW) and, in areas of better drainage on sandy soils, may grade into patches of tall, dry scrub with

emergent mallee-form E. viminalis to 20 m (see TASVEG SSK). This is the appropriate benchmark to

use in assessing the condition of the forest component of the listed Eucalyptus globulus King Island

forest community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 35 - -




Shrub S 5 15


Grass G 2 1


Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 3 1

Ground fern GF 5 5

Tree fern TF 2 5



Total 10 44


WGK Eucalyptus globulus King Island forest


present.

Species lists:







Hedycarya angustifolia australian mulberry T

Leptospermum scoparium common teatree T

Melaleuca ericifolia coast paperbark T

Melaleuca squarrosa scented paperbark T



Pittosporum bicolor cheesewood T


Aristotelia peduncularis heartberry S

Coprosma quadrifida native currant S

Pimelea spp. riceflower S


Brachyscome spp. daisy H

Dichondra repens kidneyweed H




Lagenophora stipitata blue bottledaisy H

Mazus pumilio swamp mazus H

Pelargonium australe southern storksbill H

Austrodanthonia spp. wallabygrass G

Ehrharta stipoides weeping grass G

Carex appressa tall sedge LSR


Lepidosperma spp. tall swordsedge LSR

Isolepis spp. clubsedge MSR

Juncus spp. rush MSR

Schoenus spp. bogsedge MSR



Hypolepis rugosula ruddy groundfern GF



Cyathea australis rough treefern TF



Muehlenbeckia gunnii forest lignum SCE

Hibbertia empetrifolia scrambling guineaflower SCE

Parsonsia brownii twining silkpod SCE







WGL Eucalyptus globulus wet forest


Eucalyptus globulus wet forest occurs mainly within lower slopes and gullies in moderate rainfall areas

on well-drained sites. It is characteristically dominated by an even-aged stand of tall Eucalyptus

globulus over a tall broad-leaved shrub layer with a prominent ferny understorey. Sedges are

sometimes prominent. Trees can exceed 50 m on fertile sites. In gullies in lower rainfall areas

heights are more typically 30 – 40 m.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 40 - -




Shrub S 5 10



Ground fern GF 2 10

Tree fern TF 1 5



Total 8 21


WGL Eucalyptus globulus wet forest


present.

Species lists:


Eucalyptus globulus tasmanian blue gum






Acacia verticillata prickly moses T


Beyeria viscosa pinkwood T

Cassinia aculeata dollybush T

Coprosma quadrifida native currant T

Notelaea ligustrina native olive T


Pomaderris spp. dogwood T

Goodenia ovata hop native-primrose S

Olearia lirata forest daisybush S





Stellaria flaccida forest starwort H




Lepidosperma ensiforme arching swordsedge LSR



Microsorum pustulatum kangaroo fern GF



Cyathea australis rough treefern TF




Ctenopteris heterophylla gypsy fern SCE

Grammitis billardierei common fingerfern SCE







WNL Eucalyptus nitida forest over Leptospermum


Eucalyptus nitida forest over Leptospermum is a tall wet eucalypt forest dominated by Eucalyptus nitida

up to 30- 40m tall, typically with a dense secondary layer of Leptospermum and/or Melaleuca species.

The understorey may be sparse, but is more commonly dense, with Gahnia grandis, Gleichenia

microphylla and Bauera rubioides commonly occurring, together with rainforest shrubs such as

Anopterus glandulosus.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 40 - -




Shrub S 3 5


Grass G 1 1


Ground fern GF 1 5



Total 8 16


WNL Eucalyptus nitida forest over Leptospermum


present.

Species lists:




Acacia mucronata caterpillar wattle T



Leptospermum glaucescens smoky teatree T


Leptospermum nitidum shiny teatree T


Monotoca linifolia nodding broomheath T

Monotoca submutica mountain broomheath T


Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea T




Boronia spp. boronia S

Coprosma nitida mountain currant S

Leptecophylla spp. pinkberry S


Galium australe tangled bedstraw H

Hydrocotyle spp. pennywort H


Ehrharta spp. wiregrass G





Empodisma minus spreading roperush SCE







WOB Eucalyptus obliqua forest with broadleaf shrubs


Eucalyptus obliqua forest with broadleaf shrubs are tall to very tall forest communities typically with

an understorey composed of broadleaved shrubs, the most common including Pomaderris apetala,

Nematolepis squamea and Olearia argophylla, with a high proportion of ground ferns. This community

is widely distributed in moderate to high rainfall areas on a variety of substrates.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 45 - -




Shrub S 6 5


Grass G 2 1


Ground fern GF 3 10

Tree fern TF 1 5



Total 9 29

Species lists:



Eucalyptus amygdalina black peppermint









WOB Eucalyptus obliqua forest with broadleaf shrubs


present.




Banksia marginata silver banksia T


Cenarrhenes nitida native plum T



Olearia spp. daisybush T


Pomaderris spp. dogwood T




Coprosma spp. currant S

Leucopogon spp. beardheath S


Oxylobium ellipticum golden shaggypea S


Pultenaea spp. bushpea S






Ranunculus spp. buttercup H




Ehrharta spp. ricegrass G

Festuca spp. fescue G


















WOL Eucalyptus obliqua forest over Leptospermum


Eucalyptus obliqua forest over Leptospermum is a tall forest dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua over a

secondary tree/tall shrub layer of Melaleuca squarrosa or species of Leptospermum. Other tall shrub

or tree species include Nematolepis squamea and Acacia verticillata. The ground layer is sometimes

sparse but more often is a dense tangle of Bauera rubioides, Gahnia grandis, Gleichenia microphylla and

Restionaceae species.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 45 - -






Ground fern GF 2 1


Total 5 9


WOL Eucalyptus obliqua forest over Leptospermum


present.

Species lists:










Australina pusilla shade nettle H



Libertia pulchella grassflag H

Pterostylis spp. greenhood H

Viola hederacea iyleaf violet H

Baloskion spp. cordrush LSR

Empodisma minus spreading roperush LSR


Blechnum nudum fishbone waterfern GF

Blechnum wattsii hard waterfern GF









WOR Eucalyptus obliqua forest over rainforest


Eucalyptus obliqua forest over rainforest has a tall to very tall canopy dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua

over a mature rainforest understorey. On fertile sites the rainforest is callidendrous, with Nothofagus

cunninghamii and/or Atherosperma moschatum predominating over an tree ferns and ground ferns with

a relatively high diversity and abundance of epiphytic ferns. The rainforest becomes increasingly

thamnic as fertility decreases, and secondary dominants may include Eucryphia lucida and Phyllocladus

aspleniifolius. On the flood banks of the major southern and western rivers, the rainforest canopy

may also include Lagarostrobos franklinii and an increased diversity of understorey shrubs. The

community is widespread in the higher rainfall areas of Tasmania and is the penultimate stage of

succession of E. obliqua wet eucalypt forest to rainforest.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 45 - -




Shrub S 2 5


Ground fern GF 4 10

Tree fern TF 1 5



Total 7 23


WOR Eucalyptus obliqua forest over rainforest


present.

Species lists:




Acradenia frankliniae whitey wood T

Anodopetalum biglandulosum horizontal T

Anopterus glandulosus Tasmanian laurel T

Atherosperma moschatum sassafras T

Eucryphia lucida leatherwood T

Lagarostrobos franklinii huon pine T


Melaleuca spp. paperbark T



Nothofagus cunninghamii myrtle beech T


Tasmannia lanceolata mountain pepper T

Telopea truncata tasmanian waratah T

Trochocarpa gunnii fragrant purpleberry T



Libertia pulchella pretty grassflag H






Asplenium bulbiferum mother spleenwort SCE

Grammitis spp. fingerfern SCE

Hymenophyllum spp. filmyfern SCE


Prionotes cerinthoides climbing heath SCE

Rumohra adiantiformis leathery shieldfern SCE



Last reviewed - 2 November 2016




WRE Eucalyptus regnans forest: broadleaf facies


Eucalyptus regnans forest with broadleaf shrubs are tall to very tall forest communities with a

broadleaf, wet sclerophyll understorey. The understorey is typically composed of broadleaved

shrubs, with a high proportion of ground ferns. This is one of two benchmarks available to assess the

condition of WRE. It is the appropriate benchmark to assess the broadleaf facies of this community.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 50 - -




Shrub S 4 20



Ground fern GF 6 10

Tree fern TF 1 10


Total 7 24


WRE Eucalyptus regnans forest: broadleaf facies


present.

Species lists:



Eucalyptus obliqua stringybark Drier and more frequently burnt or less fertile

margins of E. regnans forests





Cassinia aculeata dolly bush T



Notelaea ligustrina native olive T

Olearia spp. daisybush T


Pomaderris apetala dogwood T



Coprosma quadrifida currant S








Urtica incisa scrub nettle H






Ctenopteris heterophylla gypsy fern GF

Grammitis spp. finger ferns GF


Hymenophyllum spp. filmy ferns GF










Last reviewed - 2 November 2016




WRE Eucalyptus regnans forest: rainforest facies


Eucalyptus regnans forest over rainforest has a tall to very tall canopy over a mature rainforest

understorey. The rainforest is callidendrous, with Nothofagus cunninghamii and/or Atherosperma

moschatum predominating over an open understorey of tree ferns and ground ferns with a relatively

high diversity and abundance of epiphytic ferns. The community is found in fertile areas with a

reliable summer rainfall (>50 mm). At its penultimate stage E. regnans may only form a 5% emergent

canopy over mature rainforest. This is one of two benchmarks available to assess the condition of

WRE.

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 25% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 60 - -




Shrub S 2 15


Medium to small sedge/rush/sagg/lily MSR 1 1

Ground fern GF 6 20

Tree fern TF 1 5



Total 8 20


WRE Eucalyptus regnans forest: rainforest facies


present.

Species lists:





Anopterus glandulosus Tasmanian laurel T


Eucryphia lucida leatherwood T






Pomaderris apetala dogwood T





Urtica incisa Stinging nettle H

Dianella tasmanica forest flaxlily MSR

Asplenium bulbiferum mother spleenwort GF



Grammitis spp. fingerfern GF


Hymenophyllum spp. filmyfern GF



Rumohra adiantiformis leathery shieldfern GF









WVI Eucalyptus viminalis wet forest


Eucalyptus viminalis wet forest is a wet sclerophyll community typically with an understorey mixture

of small and broadleaf species, which occurs mainly on fertile, well-drained sites. The dominant

species, Eucalyptus viminalis generally forms an even aged stand of tall and well-formed trees. Trees

can exceed 60 m on fertile sites. Old-growth stands are uncommon - most stands are regrowth to

40 m. In sites that are drier or have a higher fire frequency the understorey may be lower and more

sparse. This is the appropriate benchmark to use in assessing the condition of the listed Eucalyptus

viminalis wet forest community (Schedule 3A, Nature Conservation Act 2002).

Benchmarks:


(m)/0.1 ha

Canopy 30% - - - -



Logs - - ≥ 10 - 40

Large Logs - - ≥ 40 - -




Shrub S 3 10



Ground fern GF 2 20



Total 7 15


WVI Eucalyptus viminalis wet forest


present.

Species lists:











Bursaria spinosa prickly box T

Cassinia aculeata dollybush T

Coprosma quadrifida native currant T


Melaleuca spp. paperbark T






Lomatia tinctoria guitarplant S

Olearia lirata forest daisybush S

Pultenaea juniperina prickly beauty S


Geranium spp. cranesbill H

Gonocarpus spp. raspwort H


Oxalis perennans grassland woodsorrel H

Stellaria spp. starwort H

Gahnia spp. sawsedge LSR

Lepidosperma spp. swordsedge LSR







Vegetation Benchmarks - dpipwe.tas.gov.au

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