Vegetables Chapter 10 OSUE MGV Training · OSUE MGV Training Pam Bennett OSUE State MGV Coordinator...
Transcript of Vegetables Chapter 10 OSUE MGV Training · OSUE MGV Training Pam Bennett OSUE State MGV Coordinator...
Vegetables Chapter 10 OSUE MGV Training
Pam Bennett OSUE State MGV Coordinator Horticulture Educator
Vegetables
• Site
• Planning
• Cultural
Site • Sun
– 8-10 hours sun
• Water
– CLOSE TO THE FAUCET!
• Size
– Physical site
– Time
– Use
Site
• Soil
– Well-drained
– No contaminants
– Raised beds option
Soil
–New site preparation
• Soil test
– pH 6.2-6.8
• Kill existing weeds
– Options?
• Mow tight
• Till
Soil
• Working the soil
– crumbly
• Tilling
– Don’t over do it
Planning
• Crop selection
– Preferences
– Hybrids
– Disease resistance
– All-America Selections
– Heirloom varieties and cultivars
– Seed catalogs
Planning
Cool-season – Injured by frost but
intolerant of temps
above 70F
• Beets, carrot, cauliflower, celery, chard, Chinese cabbage, endive, lettuce, mustard, parsnip, potato, Swiss chard
Cool season – Not injured by frost
• Asparagus, broad bean, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, collard, garlic, horseradish, kale, kohlrabi, leek, onion, pea, radish, rhubarb, shallot, spinach, turnip
Planning
• Warm-season
– Cantaloupe, cucumber, eggplant, lima bean, New Zealand spinach, pepper, pumpkin, snap bean, squash, sweet corn, sweet potato, tomato, watermelon
– Do not TOLERATE cold soils
Planning • Succession planting
– Continuous harvest through season • Warm-season followed by cool season
• 2nd crop of same plant
• Plant every 2 weeks, same species
• Plant different cultivars with varying maturity dates
– More attention to watering in later plantings
Fall crops Bush Beans – August 1 Beets Broccoli Chinese Cabbage Carrots Cauliflower Endive Kale - August 1-15 Kohlrabi Radishes Spinach - September 1 Turnips Collards Lettuce
Planning
• Plant spacing
– Traditional layout
• Row planting
• Hill planting – Soil warms sooner
– Germination quicker
Planning
• Plant spacing
– Intensive planting
• Square foot – concentrated planting
• Space saving varieties
• Wide rows
Planning
• Raised beds
– Soil warms earlier
– Good drainage
– Easier cultivation
Planning
• Vertical space
– Watch shading other crops
• Interplanting
– Leeks with sweet potatoes
– Radishes and carrots
Planning
• Developing the garden plan
• Do you have a garden plan?
• Add ornamentals for color
Cultural practices • Starting seeds indoors
– Timing – don’t start too early
– Harden off
• Planting seeds and transplants
– Timing
• Cloudy day
• No flowers/fruit
• Soil temperature
Cultural practice
• Planting
– Depth
• Seeds – Twice the diameter
– Follow label directions
• Transplants – Same level as container
» Exception tomato, broccoli
Cultural practices • Fertilizing
– Average garden soil
• LOSES per 100 sq. ft. – 1-3# of N
– ½-1 1/2# P
– 2-4 # K
– Amount
• Add per soil test
Cultural Practices
• Fertilizing
–Timing
• Planting
– Starter fertilizer?????
– Methods
• Side dressing Row or banding
• Broadcasting Liquid
Cultural Practices
• Fertilizing
– Never fertilize when dry
– Avoid prolonged contact with foliage
– Organic and synthetic
Cultural practices
• Watering
– Amount
• 1” water per week
– When
• Morning
Cultural Practices
• Watering
– Methods
• Sprinklers
• Soaker hoses
• Drip irrigation
• By hand
• Avoid getting water on foliage
Cultural practices
•Staking
•Sanitation
Cultural practices
• Weed control
– Cultivation
– Mulching
– Herbicides
• Harvesting
• Fall cleanup
Cultural Practices
• Crop rotation
– Why?
• At least 3 years
2009
2010
2011
2012
Cultural Pest Control
• What pests?
– Weeds
– Insects
– Disease
– Animals
• What to do?
– What are your strategies?
Integrated pest management
• Systematic approach
– Best gardening practices
• Right plant right place
– Threshold levels
– Control options
IPM – threshold levels
• What is your threshold?
• Depends on……..
– Amount of damage tolerated
– Pest population
– State of development for plant
– Vigor of plant
– Life cycle and habits of pest
IPM – Control options
• Requires monitoring
– Visual
– Traps
• Correctly identifying cause
• Selecting control options
IPM – cultural practices
• Irrigation
• Crop rotation
• Garden sanitation
• Soil aeration
• Mulching
• Tilling
• Resistant plants
IPM – mechanical
• Hand-picking
• Screens and barriers
• Trapping
• Syringing
IPM – biological
• Predators and parasites
• Microbes
Aphid Predators - Free Shipping
Aphid Predators (Aphidoletes aphidimyza)
ship as 1,000 small pupae mixed with
vermiculite that soon hatch out into adult
parasitic gall-midges. The adults seek out
the aphids and lay eggs near the colony.
After about 2 - 3 days the eggs hatch into
tiny, bright-orange larvae which immediately
begin feeding on aphids and are attracted
by the smell of honeydew. Best applied
when aphids are present, the adults are 2.5
mm long, fragile, with long legs. The eggs
are tiny and oblong and a shiny, orange-red
color. The larvae can be up to 3 mm long,
orange, and are found in the aphid colonies.
The pupae are found in the soil. Release 2 -
5 pupae per 10 sq. ft. of infested area.
Especially effective in greenhouses. Repeat
weekly for a minimum of three weeks.
IPM – Chemical
• Pesticides = to kill a pest
– Degrade quickly
– Low toxicity
– Target pest
IPM – threshold levels
• What is your threshold?
• Depends on…….. – Amount of damage tolerated
– Pest population
– State of development for plant
– Vigor of plant
–Life cycle and habits of pest
Life cycles
• Factsheets
– Colorado Potato Beetle
– Bacterial Wilt of Cucurbits
– Squash Vine Borer
– Striped Cucumber Beetle
Diseases
Environment Pathogen
Host
Leaf wetness, humidity, warm temps
Roses – Rosa spp.
Marsonnina rosea -
teleomorph
Diplocarpon rosae
The Disease
Triangle
Abiotic vs Biotic
Anything else we missed
• Pushing the envelope, extending the season
• Black walnut toxicity
• Common insects
• Common diseases
– Late blight of tomato, potato
Anything else we missed
• Favorite vegetable
• Using vegetables