Vegetable Croopp Production - UCANR
Transcript of Vegetable Croopp Production - UCANR
Vegetable Crog
Richard SmithV bl C d W dVegetable Crop and WeedUniversity of California CMonterey CountyMonterey County
op Production p
d S i F Ad id Science Farm AdvisorCooperative Extension
VegetablVegetablVegetablVegetabl
•• There are innumerable There are innumerable worldworld
•• Vegetables form an impVegetables form an imphuman diethuman diet
•• They provide minerals,They provide minerals,antioxidants sugars santioxidants sugars santioxidants, sugars, santioxidants, sugars, s
•• They provide flavor andThey provide flavor and
le Cropsle Cropsle Cropsle Crops
vegetable crops in the vegetable crops in the
portant part of the portant part of the
, fiber, vitamins, , fiber, vitamins, starch etcstarch etcstarch, etc. starch, etc. d variety to the dietd variety to the diet
TopTop1.1. Types of vegetable croTypes of vegetable cro22 Their seasonTheir season2.2. Their season Their season 3.3. Growing requirementsGrowing requirements4.4. Growing SystemsGrowing Systems5.5. EquipmentEquipment5.5. EquipmentEquipment6.6. FinancingFinancing77 Quality & MarketingQuality & Marketing7.7. Quality & MarketingQuality & Marketing8.8. What to GrowWhat to Grow9.9. Sources of InformatioSources of Informatio
picspicsopsops
ss
nn
Cool SeasonCool SeasonLettuces Lettuces
Baby LeafBaby Leaf
ArtArtyy
Endive
n Vegetablesn Vegetables Cole Crops Cole Crops
ichokesichokes
Peas CeleryPeas Celery
CardoonCardoon
Warm SeasoWarm SeasoSS
CucurbitsCucurbitsSweeSwee
Green Beans
on Vegetableson VegetablesCC
SolanaceousSolanaceouset Cornet Corn
Chili PepperChili PepperChili PepperChili Pepper
Root VegRoot VegRoot VegRoot VegAlliumsAlliums
LeekLeek
getablesgetablesgetablesgetables
Sweet PotatoSweet PotatoPotatoPotato
Daikon RadishDaikon Radish
Specialty VeSpecialty Ve
CilantCilant
NopalesNopales
JicamJicam
Swiss Swiss Mustard GreensMustard Greens
egetablesegetables
Bitter MelonBitter Melontrotro
Snake GourdSnake Gourdmama
ChardChardRed Heart Radish
VegetableVegetable
•• Cool Season Cool Season Vegetables that can be Vegetables that can be spring (nearly year rounspring (nearly year rounTypical mean growing teTypical mean growing teto 70 ºFto 70 ºFCan handle light frosts Can handle light frosts Edible portions are ofteEdible portions are ofteExamples are cabbage, Examples are cabbage, spinachspinach
e Seasonse Seasons
grown fall through winter to grown fall through winter to nd in the Salinas Valley)nd in the Salinas Valley)emperatures range from 50 emperatures range from 50
or even freezingor even freezingn leaves, stems or rootsn leaves, stems or rootspotato, carrot, lettuce & potato, carrot, lettuce &
VegetableVegetable
•• Warm Season VegetabWarm Season VegetabggGrown spring through fGrown spring through fTypical temperature ranTypical temperature ranyp pyp pIntolerant of frostIntolerant of frostEdible portions are usuaEdible portions are usuaEdible portions are usuaEdible portions are usuaExamples are green beaExamples are green beasquashsquashqq
e Seasonse Seasons
leslesfall (April to November)fall (April to November)nge is from 65 to 85 ºFnge is from 65 to 85 ºFgg
ally fruit or podsally fruit or podsally fruit or podsally fruit or podsans, tomatoes, melons and ans, tomatoes, melons and
Growing ReGrowing ReWith reference toWith reference toWith reference toWith reference to
•• A key factor affecting aA key factor affecting ay gy gvegetables vegetables
Length of growing seasLength of growing seasg g gg g g•• Nearly year round for cooNearly year round for coo
to November for warm seto November for warm seClimatic factors (highs aClimatic factors (highs a
•• Below freezing and over Below freezing and over Soil quality factorsSoil quality factors
•• Drainage, depth, texture Drainage, depth, texture production early) slopeproduction early) slopeproduction early), slope, production early), slope,
equirementsequirementso Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valley
ability to grow ability to grow y gy g
sonsonol season vegetables and April ol season vegetables and April eason vegetableseason vegetablesand lows)and lows)90 ºF can be problematic90 ºF can be problematic
(affects ability to get into (affects ability to get into etcetcetc.etc.
Growing ReGrowing ReWith reference toWith reference toWith reference toWith reference to
•• Adequate and timely irrAdequate and timely irr
equirementsequirementso Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valley
igation igation
Growing ReGrowing ReWith reference toWith reference toWith reference toWith reference to
•• FertilityFertilityyyNitrogen is always neceNitrogen is always necePhosphorus and potassPhosphorus and potassp pp pmacronutrientsmacronutrientsCalcium is mostly addeCalcium is mostly addeyyZinc is the most commoZinc is the most commoneededneeded
equirementsequirementso Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valley
essary to addessary to addsium are also sium are also
d to amend the soil d to amend the soil on micronutrient that is on micronutrient that is
Growing ReGrowing ReGrowing ReGrowing ReLow total N content
<120 lbs/acreMedium
cont120-200
Baby Greens CarBeans Gar
C b L ttCucumbers LettRadish Melo
Spinach OniopSquashes Pepp
SweetTToma
equirementsequirementsequirementsequirementsm total N
tentlbs/acre
High total N content>200 lbs/acre
rrot Broccolirlic Cabbaget C lifltuce Cauliflowerons Celeryons Potatoperst Cornatoes
Insect Insect With reference toWith reference toWith reference toWith reference to
Aphids (many different Aphids (many different Worms (larvae of mothsWorms (larvae of mothsSymphyllansSymphyllansy yy yLeafminerLeafminerMany othersMany othersyy
IssuesIssueso Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valley
species)species)s)s)
DiseaseDiseaseWith reference toWith reference toWith reference toWith reference to
Downy mildew of lettuceDowny mildew of lettuceSclerotiniaSclerotiniaPowdery MildewPowdery MildewyyVerticilliumVerticilliumVirusesVirusesMany othersMany others
e Issuese Issueso Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valley
ee
Weed IWeed IWeed IWeed IWith reference toWith reference to
•• Cool and Warm SeasCool and Warm Seas
IssuesIssuesIssuesIssueso Salinas Valleyo Salinas Valley
son Weedsson Weeds
Winter aWinter a
NettleNettleNettleNettle
Groundsel Groundsel
annualsannuals
Shepherds PurseShepherds PurseShepherds PurseShepherds Purse
Sow Thistle Sow Thistle
Summer AnnualsSummer Annuals
PurslanePurslane
NightshadesNightshades
Nettleleaf GoosefootNettleleaf Goosefoot
Weed ControWeed ControWeed ControWeed Contro
•• CulturalCultural•• CulturalCultural•• BiologicalBiologicalgg•• ChemicalChemical
ol Strategiesol Strategiesol Strategiesol Strategies
Growing Growing
•• ConventionalConventional–– Able to utilize standard Able to utilize standard
insects, disease, nematinsects, disease, nemat–– Can use standard fertilizCan use standard fertiliz
•• OrganicOrganicOrganicOrganic–– Only able to use organicOnly able to use organic
pest management, soil fpest management, soil fp g ,p g ,–– Emphasis is placed on bEmphasis is placed on b
qualityqualityq yq y
SystemsSystems
pesticides to control pesticides to control todes and weedstodes and weedszerszers
cally approved products for cally approved products for fertility fertility yybuilding soil fertility and building soil fertility and
EquipEquip
•• Vegetable farming is eqVegetable farming is eqg g qg g qyou can almost never hyou can almost never h
DiscDisc LL
Deep RipperDeep Ripper SpSp
pmentpment
quipment intensive and quipment intensive and q pq phave enough equipmenthave enough equipment
Listing BedsListing Beds
ike Tooth Harrowike Tooth Harrow
EquipEquip
PlanterPlanter
Brush HoeBrush Hoe
pmentpment
Cultivator
Following CultivationFollowing CultivationFollowing CultivationFollowing Cultivation
FinancFinancFinancFinanc•• Finding capital to finanFinding capital to finanFinding capital to finanFinding capital to finan
growing operations begrowing operations beand can be soldand can be soldand can be soldand can be sold
cingcingcingcingnce planting andnce planting andnce planting and nce planting and efore the crops mature efore the crops mature
Quality andQuality andQuality and Quality and •• Quality is critical to suQuality is critical to suQuality is critical to suQuality is critical to su•• Consumers demand hConsumers demand h
produceproduceproduceproduce
MarketingMarketingMarketingMarketinguccessuccessuccessuccessigh quality, blemish free igh quality, blemish free
Quality andQuality andQ yQ y•• Marketing is critical to gMarketing is critical to g
for your investment of tfor your investment of tfor your investment of tfor your investment of t
There are many optionsThere are many optionsy py p•• Farmer’s MarketsFarmer’s Markets•• Direct to retail/food serviceDirect to retail/food service•• Community SupportedCommunity Supported•• Community SupportedCommunity Supported
AgricultureAgriculture•• Wholesale Wholesale
The right choice will be The right choice will be key to the success of your key to the success of your y yy yoperationoperation
d Marketingd Marketinggggetting the best returns getting the best returns time and moneytime and moneytime and moneytime and money
What toWhat toWhat toWhat to•• This is a key questionThis is a key questionThis is a key question This is a key question
answeranswer•• The answer comes asThe answer comes as•• The answer comes as The answer comes as
investigation on markeinvestigation on markeproduction for vegetabproduction for vegetabproduction for vegetabproduction for vegetabevaluations of cost of evaluations of cost of
•• Given the high cost ofGiven the high cost of•• Given the high cost of Given the high cost of mostly we are growingmostly we are growing(berries flower vegeta(berries flower vegeta(berries, flower, vegeta(berries, flower, vegeta
GrowGrow Grow Growthat only you canthat only you canthat only you can that only you can
the result of muchthe result of muchthe result of much the result of much et prices, times of et prices, times of bles in your areables in your areables in your area, bles in your area, production, etcproduction, etcproduction in this areaproduction in this areaproduction in this area, production in this area,
g high value products g high value products ables organic etc)ables organic etc)ables, organic, etc)ables, organic, etc)
S fS fSources of Sources of •• Numerous websitesNumerous websites
–– See handoutSee handout•• University of California University of California
Cooperative ExtensionCooperative Extension
I f tiI f tiInformationInformation•• Seed Seed
companies/catalogscompanies/catalogs•• Other farmersOther farmers•• ConferencesConferences•• Equipment dealersEquipment dealers