Vedic LiteratureHS-206 Presentation
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Transcript of Vedic LiteratureHS-206 Presentation
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The ancient literature
• The crowning glory of the Indian civilization.
•No other part of the world has produced such voluminous literature of knowledge and wisdom.
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The Vedas• are the most celebrated possessions of the Indian civilization.
• reflect the growth and development of human thought
•picture of the transformation of a prakrit man into a sanskrit man.
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The meaning of the word “Veda”
The word ‘Veda’ originates from the Sanskrit root Vid. The Sanskrit verb ‘Vid’ means ‘to know’. The word ‘Veda’ literally means knowledge.
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The Vedic Literature
• Shruti literature : the knowledge attained by the rishis while
doing their Tapasaya or Sadhna or in their “Supra-normal Consciousness”, as Shri Aurobindo said.
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The Vedic Literature (contd.)
• Smriti literarure : Smriti literature is
concerned with ‘that what is remembered’, knowledge acquired through the experience or the tradition
• For instance the Manu Smriti .
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The Vedic Literature (contd.)
•The vedic literature has been derived from Shruti literature.
•The Vedas are considerd divine and eternal.
•The Vedas : “knowledge par excellence”.
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Origin of Vedas• The Vedas are among the
oldest sacred texts in the world dating from c. 1500-500BCE.
• Rigveda : roughly around 1700-1100 BCE
and the last veda• Atharvaveda : 900 BCE
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Origin of Vedas (contd.)
• However it is believed that Shri Ved Vyasa compiled all the works of rishis into four parts known to us as the Four Vedas.
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The Four Vedas
• The four Vedas are• the Rig Veda;• the Yajur Veda; • the Sama Veda and • the Atharva Veda.
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The Rig Veda
• The Rig Veda is the oldest of all the Vedas. • composed of 10552 mantras. • knower is known as Ritwik• contains knowledge of science, matter of the universe like sun,
moon, air etc.
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The Yajur Veda • smallest of all the four Vedas. • The knower of this Veda is known as
Adhvaryu.• gives knowledge of all the deeds
and duties to be performed by men or women, students, leaders, king, agriculturist etc.
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The Sama Veda
• has 1875 mantras. • The knower of this Veda is
known as Udgata.• gives knowledge how to worship
God;• details of Yoga philosophy is
included in this veda.
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The Atharva Veda
• special place in the field of philosophy and spiritualism.
• knower of this Veda is known as Brahma.
• has 760 hymns, and about 160 of the hymns are in common with the Rig-Veda.
• details of medical science and of medicine etc. it also contains Mantras used in marriage and death rituals, as well as those for kingship,
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Vedanta
• The word Vedanta is a compound word made up of two Sanskrit words: ‘Veda’ and ‘Anta’.
• broadly covers the philosophy enunciated by the holy Scriptural Trinity –
the Upanishads, the Brahma-Sutra and the Bhagavad Gita.• "The goal, which all Vedas declare, which all austerities
aim at, and which humans desire when they live a life of continence, I will tell you briefly it is Aum" (1.2.15)
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Vedic Impacts
1.Literature 2. Science 3.Mathematics 4.Music 5.Practices and Religion
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Literature• Eliot:• The Waste Land ends with the
reiteration of the Three Cardinal Virtues damyata (restraint), datta (charity) and dayadhvam (compassion) and
• ends with Shantih shantih shantih
• Prof. Philip R. Headings has remarked in his study of the poet, "No serious student of Eliot's poetry can afford to ignore his early and continued interest in the Bhagavad Gita."
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• Henry David Thoreau: "In the morning I bathe my intellect in the
stupendous and cosmogonal philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita."
• Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) : his poem Hamatreya was inspired by a passage from the Vedas. He was concerned with the subject of illusion –maya and wrote a poem on the same.
• Francois Voltaire stated: "... everything has come down to us from the banks of the Ganges.“
• Vishnu Sharma’s Panchtantra
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Science
Cosmology: French astronomer Jean-Claude
Bailly stated "the movements of the stars calculated 4,500 years ago, does not differ by a minute from the tables of today.“
Metallurgical Science:
Cast in approximately the 3rd century B.C., the six and a half ton pillar has sustained over
two millennia.
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• Vedic sounds and mantras :• A Clinical Test of the Benefits of
Mantra Chanting was performed on three groups of sixty-two subjects .
They chanted the Hare Krishna Maha Mantra twenty-five minutes each day under strict clinical supervision.
• Mantra reduces Stress and depression and helps reduce bad habits & addictions.
• These results formed a PhD Thesis at Florida State University
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• Yoga and Ayurveda :
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Mathematics• The decimal system , the introduction of zero
and the concept of infinity.• Voltaire, the famous French writer and
philosopher) stated that "Pythagoras went to the Ganges to learn geometry."
• Abraham Seidenberg, author of the authoritative "History of Mathematics," credits the Sulba Sutras as inspiring all mathematics of the ancient world from Babylonia to Egypt to Greece.
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• The speed of light: Rig veda(I-54) Yojananam sahastra dwe dwe shate dwe cha
yojane aken nimishardhena krammana namostute.
• 3.0*10(8) m/s upto two decimal places.
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Music
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• Beatles:• Recorded the
“White Album” after their time with an Indian mystic based on the anti-materialism and the vedic transcendental thoughts.
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Commonplace practices and Religion
• Culture• Rituals and ceremonies • Prayers• lifestyle and thinking.
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Misinterpretation of the Vedas
• Caste system • Irrationality • Mysticism
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Conclusion
• Vedas:
the unexplored ocean of knowledge.
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Bibliography
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas• http://images.google.co.in/• http://indianscriptures.50webs.com/