PowerPoint Presentation

VDOE READING SOL SHORT PRACTICE ITEMS1

1 What is the meaning of delved?

Determined to research the first mayor of the city, the student earnestly delved into the newspapers historical records.

Possible correct answer: searched carefully

WORD ANALYSIS2 Kenya tucked the letter from her brother Josh into a large folder, where she kept all of their correspondence. She took out the birthday card and the two postcards he had sent while he was at college. Kenya enjoyed having all of the mail from her big brother in one place so that she could keep it safe.

Which words or phrases best help the reader determine the meaning of correspondence in this paragraph?tucked letter where she kept two postcards collegeenjoyed all of the mail in one place

3The word revive means to

restore health or vigorcover or shelterreturn to an earlier placegive shine to the surface

After convincing her mom to purchase the dry, crumbling potted fern at the greenhouse, Miya worked tirelessly to revive the plant. She placed it on a table next to the window in her room, fed it fertilizer, and watered it often. Finally, the fern began to look healthier, and Miya felt proud of her efforts.

What context clues help the reader determine the word revive?4

After seeing a movie preview full of adventure, action, and special effects, many people rushed to see the movie but were disappointed by its mediocrity.

Select the phrases that define mediocrity as used inthis sentence.

difference from realityordinary quality neither good or bad lack of enthusiasmcareless construction5

Although he was eager, Louis Braille found the reading system for the blind a real challenge. At the time, books for the blind were made by forming the letters of the alphabet from copper wire. These letters were pressed into the paper, leaving a raised impression of the letter on the papers other side. The blind student could then read by feeling the raised letters. But even though they were raised, differentiating between the letters was intricate and time-consuming. Consequently very few raised-print books were available because they were tedious to make.

Integrating Perceiving Associating

Distorting Distinguishing Composing Which words are antonyms for differentiating?

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The word neutral comes from a Latin root meaning neither. In which statement are Amys actions most accurately called neutral?

Amy wants her friends favorite team to win.Amy cheers whenever the losing team scores a point.Amy hopes the most talented team wins. Amy supports the home team.

77Identify synonyms for obliterated.

Possible answers: concealed, hidden, eliminated, obscured, covered In 1813 the famous naturalist John Audubon observed a vast flock of passenger pigeons as he traveled through Kentucky. The flock took three days to pass above; in such a black cloud, they obliterated the sun at times. Conservatively, he estimated their numbers at 1.1 billion birds. How could a bird that was the most prolific in North America become extinct?

8Which two words are antonyms for the word lithe?

flexible unpliable exceptional tall limber stiff

During the competition, the lithe gymnast rolled and tumbled across the mat on the gym floor. Her graceful bends and nimble acrobatics displayed her exceptional gymnast abilities. She had clearly spent countless hours practicing her rigorous routine. The result was a polished performance that won her first place.

Which phrases help the reader to understand the meaning of lithe?9Adding the suffix ment to the word arrange creates themeaning-one who will arrange the process of being arranged the ability to arranged) a place for arranging items

If Don does not ride the bus home, I understand that I must make arrangements to have him picked up from school by 5:00 PM.1010Using words or phrases from the list, complete the chart to match the word and the meaning of the affix.

WORDMEANING OF AFFIXchildishstate or qualitymalpractice

having the characternoveltybadly11noveltybadlyhaving the charactera person whohospitableapart11 Darrian decided to cultivate his musical ability by practicing his trumpet each night and trying to play more difficult songs.

Which two words are synonyms of cultivate as it is used in this sentence?

ponder contactdocumentsubmitimprove refine

1212Louise seemed immersed in the lesson, taking notes while her teacher explained the topic and asking questions when she wanted more information.

In this sentence, which words or phrases help define the word immersed?

seemed the lesson taking notes explained the topic asking questions information

1313A side view of an objectAn outlineDegree of exposureA brief biographical essayA graph, table, or list of scoresTo delineate, outline

In this dictionary entry, profile comes from a word meaning -

pro-file (proh-fahyl) n. 1. A side view of an object. 2. An outline. 3. Degree of exposure to public notice. 4. A brief biographical essay. 5. A graph, table, or list of scores representing the extent to which a person, field, or object exhibits various tested characteristics or tendencies (Italian prof (f) ilo, noun derivative of profilare to delineate, outline)

14The author assumes the reader already knows thatchildren require limitsmusic lessons are rewardingstudying music requires dedicationlearning two things at once can be confusing

Jack wanted to take a guitar class at school, but he knew his mother would not let him since he was already learning to play the violin.

MAKING INFERENCES ANDDRAWING CONCLUSIONS15from Collecting Rocks by Rachel M. Barker*Starting a CollectionThe collection can be as large or as small as its owner wishesA rock collection might begin with stones picked up from the ground near your home. These stones may have limited variety and can be replaced later by better specimens. *Public Domain

Based on this paragraph, what may the reader infer about a rock collection?

Possible answers: it can be built to fit the owners preference,it does not cost money to begin, it may change as the owner finds new rocks

1616from A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett* Here we are, Sara, said Captain Crewe, making his voice sound as cheerful as possible. Then he lifted her out of the cab and they mounted the steps and rang the bell. Sara often thought afterward that the house was somehow exactly like Miss Minchin. It was respectable and well furnished, but everything in it was ugly; and the very armchairs seemed to have hard bones in them. In the hall everything was hard and polishedeven the red cheeks of the moon face on the tall clock in the corner had a severe varnished look. The drawing room into which they were ushered was covered by a carpet with a square pattern upon it, the chairs were square, and a heavy marble timepiece stood upon the heavy marble mantel.*Public Domain

Why does Captain Crewe make his voice seem as cheerful as possible? What words or phrases help the reader infer that the setting is not a place for children? Possible Answers: He is only pretending to feel cheerful in front of Sara. He has a bad feeling. He has to be brave. Etc.Possible Answers: the very armchairs seemed to have hard bones in them, everything was hard and polished, the red cheeks of the moon face on the tall clock in the corner had a severe varnished look, a heavy marble timepiece stood upon the heavy marble mantelStudents need additional practice drawing conclusions and making inferences. The example provided is an excerpt from A Little Princess. Though the novel in its entirety may not be fitting for 5th grade lessons, the selected paragraph is used here to illustrate a few examples. Even so, students may benefit from increased exposure to more difficult fiction, narrative nonfiction, and poetry, as the complexity of this paragraph may suggest. Please read the paragraph on the screen.

17from A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett* Here we are, Sara, said Captain Crewe, making his voice sound as cheerful as possible. Then he lifted her out of the cab and they mounted the steps and rang the bell. Sara often thought afterward that the house was somehow exactly like Miss Minchin. It was respectable and well furnished, but everything in it was ugly; and the very armchairs seemed to have hard bones in them. In the hall everything was hard and polishedeven the red cheeks of the moon face on the tall clock in the corner had a severe varnished look. The drawing room into which they were ushered was covered by a carpet with a square pattern upon it, the chairs were square, and a heavy marble timepiece stood upon the heavy marble mantel.*Public Domain

What can the reader infer about Miss Minchin from the description of the setting? What words best describes how Sara feels about Miss Minchin? Possible Answers: She is serious. She is not kind. Etc.Possible Answers: fear, concern, scorn, disdain, disapproval, etc.Students need additional practice drawing conclusions and making inferences. The example provided is an excerpt from A Little Princess. Though the novel in its entirety may not be fitting for 5th grade lessons, the selected paragraph is used here to illustrate a few examples. Even so, students may benefit from increased exposure to more difficult fiction, narrative nonfiction, and poetry, as the complexity of this paragraph may suggest. Please read the paragraph on the screen.

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Aaron looked at the homework pass in his hand, then at Bailey quickly walking away. Bailey stopped a few times to get a better grip on the lunchbox and instrument case she carried and to adjust her backpack, which was hanging open. Aaron thought Bailey would not notice the missing homework pass until she was already on the bus. As Aaron moved the crumpled paper he held in his fist toward his pocket, he sighed like a deflating balloon. He looked at Bailey again. She had dropped her lunchbox and was collecting the empty containers that had rolled out. Aaron felt his grip on the homework pass loosen as he began walking toward her.

Which sentence best shows that Aaron is hesitant to return Baileys homework pass?19WORD CHOICE19How does the author show that Aaron finally decides to return Baileys homework pass?

20 Aaron looked at the homework pass in his hand, then at Bailey quickly walking away. Bailey stopped a few times to get a better grip on the lunchbox and instrument case she carried and to adjust her backpack, which was hanging open. Aaron thought Bailey would not notice the missing homework pass until she was already on the bus. As Aaron moved the crumpled paper he held in his fist toward his pocket, he sighed like a deflating balloon. He looked at Bailey again. She had dropped her lunchbox and was collecting the empty containers that had rolled out. Aaron felt his grip on the homework pass loosen as he began walking toward her.

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21 Aaron looked at the homework pass in his hand, then at Bailey quickly walking away. Bailey stopped a few times to get a better grip on the lunchbox and instrument case she carried and to adjust her backpack, which was hanging open. Aaron thought Bailey would not notice the missing homework pass until she was already on the bus. As Aaron moved the crumpled paper he held in his fist toward his pocket, he sighed like a deflating balloon. He looked at Bailey again. She had dropped her lunchbox and was collecting the empty containers that had rolled out. Aaron felt his grip on the homework pass loosen as he began walking toward her.

Which sentences show that Bailey is distracted? 21FIGURATIVE LANGUAGEfrom The Bridge by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow*

And like those waters rushing Among the wooden piers,A flood of thoughts came oer me That filled my eyes with tears.*Public Domain

In the simile in this stanza, which two items are being compared?

22In this stanza, how are the waters and thoughts alike?Possible answers: they cant be controlled, they move quickly, they are powerful22

Which sentences use figurative language?

The softball flew higher and higher until finally it began to fall down toward Taylors open glove.

In a dish on the table, the candy was a glittering pile of jewels.

The rain laughed against the window, reminding Cecil that his trip to the zoo was cancelled.

Ray thought he heard a loud, scary noise in the garage.

Most of the chalk drawings on the sidewalk were a bright blue.

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Which phrase in this sentence is an example of figurative language?

In a dish on the table, the candy was a glittering pile of jewels.

Which phrase in this sentence is an example of figurative language? The rain laughed against the window, reminding Cecil that his trip to the zoo was cancelled.24Complete this cause-and-effect chart.

Effect:Jakie squawks during storms.Jakie is inside the house.Jakie makes the narrator sad.Jakie hears the boys playing horns during the holidays.Jakie is a timid bird.Effect:Jakie is frightened by a Christmas tree.

Cause:

25from The Busy Blue Jay by Olive Thorne Miller* He was a timid little fellow. Wind or storm outside the windows made him wild. He would fly around the room, squawking at the top of his voice; and the horrible tinhorns the boys liked to blow at Thanksgiving and Christmas drove him frantic. Once I brought a Christmas tree into the room to please the birds, and all were delighted with it except my poor little blue jay, who was much afraid of it. Think of the sadness of a bird being afraid of a tree! *Public DomainThe example provided shows how this standard could be tested with a drag-and-drop technology-enhanced item. Students would click and drag the appropriate circles to the graphic organizer. Notice that this item asks for the cause and provides the two effects. The answer is shown on the screen.25

Did you know that scientists have a special name for creatures that live deep in caves? Named troglobites, these creatures are very unique and very rare. One example of a troglobite is the olm. The olm is also classified as an amphibian. The olm resembles a dragon from storybooks, but it is small--less than one foot long--and completely white. The olm has a long, slender head and small limbs. It eats other cave-dwelling creatures such as tiny snails, which it swallows whole! There is something else that makes the olm an interesting creature. Because the olm lives deep in dark caves, it does not necessarily need eyes to see. Even though the olms eyes are underdeveloped, its other senses are very strong; therefore, the unique olm uses its senses of hearing and smell to see the world around it.

Complete this cause-and-effect chart.

The olm relies on its senses of hearing and smell.The olms eyes are underdeveloped.The olm looks like a small white dragon.The olm swallows tiny snails whole.Cause: The olm lives only in dark caves.

Effect:

Effect:

26MAIN CONFLICT Aaron looked at the homework pass in his hand, then at Bailey quickly walking away. Bailey stopped a few times to get a better grip on the lunchbox and instrument case she carried and to adjust her backpack, which she must not have noticed was open. Aaron thought Bailey would not notice the missing homework pass until she was already on the bus. As Aaron moved the crumpled paper he held in his fist toward his pocket, he sighed like a deflating balloon. He looked at Bailey again. She had dropped her lunchbox and was collecting the empty containers that had rolled out. Aaron felt his grip on the homework pass loosen as he began walking toward her.

27What is the main conflict in this paragraph?

A. Aaron has to decide whether to return the homework pass or keep it for himself.B. Bailey loses her homework pass because she is distracted walking to the bus. C. Aaron has to return the homework pass, although Bailey was not careful with it.D. Bailey loses her homework pass, and then she drops her lunchbox. 27 As Victoria walked toward the lunchroom, she realized shed forgotten something important her book report. She could picture it sitting on the kitchen table, where she had left it to remind herself. She had even written herself a note and stuck it to the bathroom mirror. No luck. She had forgotten the most important assignment of the whole year. Mr. Tyler, may I go to the office to call my mom? Victoria asked her teacher. Why do you need to call your mom? Mr. Tyler asked, but Victoria did not want to admit that she had left an assignment at home again. Why dont you eat lunch first, then go to the office on your way back to class, Mr. Tyler said. After lunch, Victoria stopped by the front office, and Mrs. White let her use the phone. It rang many times before she hung up and looked at the clock. It was 12:05. Victorias mom left the house every day at 12:00 to go for a walk and would not return home for some time.

The author includes the first paragraph to establish the conflict resolution settingmain ideaWhat is the main conflict in these paragraphs?

A. Victoria has forgotten her assignments before.B. Victorias teacher will not let her use the phone until after lunch. C. Victoria has left her book report at home.D. Victorias mother cannot bring her book report to school. For SOL 5.5c, students need practice identifying the main conflict or resolution in a selection. Please read the example paragraph provided on the screen. You may use the back arrow to pause this presentation while you read the selection and the forward arrow to resume the presentation when you are finished.

28MAIN IDEA AND SUPPORTING DETAILS

Complete this web.

Dunking BoothEarly DismissalComfortable ClothingRibbons Awarded for First - Third Place Scavenger HuntBagged Lunch Provided29The final skill covered in this presentation is SOL 6.6h, where students are asked to summarize supporting details in a nonfiction selection.

The example provided does not have an associated text excerpt; it is meant as an illustration of a format that students found challenging. The example shows SOL 6.6h as tested by a drag-and-drop technology-enhanced item. Students would click and drag the appropriate circles to the graphic organizer.

In the example, students should not be distracted by the choices that are a part of Field Day but are not ways to participate in Field Day.

Students need additional practice summarizing supporting details that may span multiple paragraphs, especially in a more rigorous nonfiction text.

The answers are shown on the screen.29Complete this web.

A Troglobites AppearanceHow to Live in a Dark CaveHow Creatures Adapt to Cave LifeThe Olms Features Did you know that scientists have a special name for creatures that live deep in caves? Named troglobites, these creatures are very unique and very rare. One example of a troglobite is the olm. The olm is also classified as an amphibian. The olm resembles a dragon from storybooks, but it is small--less than one foot long--and completely white. The olm has a long, slender head and small limbs. It eats other cave-dwelling creatures such as tiny snails, which it swallows whole! There is something else that makes the olm an interesting creature. Because the olm lives deep in dark caves, it does not necessarily need eyes to see. Even though the olms eyes are underdeveloped, its other senses are very strong; therefore, the unique olm uses its senses of hearing and smell to see the world around it.

30Complete this cause-and-effect chart.

Cause: The olm lives only in dark caves.

Effect:The olms eyes are underdeveloped.The olm swallows tiny snails whole.The olm looks like a small white dragon.The olm relies on its senses of hearing and smell.Effect:31

The example provided shows this standard as it could be tested using a drag and drop technology-enhanced item. Students would click and drag the appropriate circles to the graphic organizer. Notice that this item provides the cause and asks for the two effects. The answers are shown on the screen.31from Collecting Rocks by Rachel M. Barker

Rocks are continually changing. Wind and water wear them down and carry bits of rock away; the tiny particles accumulate in a lake or ocean and harden into rock again. The oldest rock that has ever been found is more than 3.9 billion years old. The Earth itself is at least 4.5 billion years old, but rocks from the beginning of Earths history have changed so much from their original form that they have become new kinds of rock. By studying how rocks form and change, scientists have built a solid understanding of the Earth we live on and its long history.

Which is the best heading for this paragraph?Rocks Tell the Story of the Earth Types of Rocks that ChangeTiny Particles Make the Earth Identifying a Rocks Age Why Scientists Study Earths Rocks

32This example shows a student using text structures to categorize information and aid in comprehension, SOL 6.6a, by choosing the appropriate heading for a given paragraph. The answer is indicated on the screen. 32Complete this web.

On the book shelfIn the ruffle of a dressOver the floorInside the wallIn the garbage pailIn the narrators hairfrom The Busy Blue Jay, a narrative nonfiction essay by Olive Thorne Miller* Many things which Jakie did were very funny. For instance, he made it his business to clear up the room. When he had more food than he could eat at the moment, he did not leave it around, but put it away carefully,not in the garbage pail, for that was not in the room, but in some safe nook where it did not offend the eye. Sometimes it was behind the tray in his cage, or among the books on the shelf. The places he liked best were about me,in the fold of a ruffle or the loop of a bow on my dress, and sometimes in the side of my slipper. The very choicest place of all was in my loosely bound hair. That of course I could not allow, and I had to keep a very close watch of him for fear I might have a bit of bread or meat thrust among my locks. In his clearing up he always went carefully over the floor, picking up pins or any little thing he could find, and I often droppedbuttons, and other small things to give him something to do. These he would pick up and put nicely away.*Public Domain33FACT AND OPINION

Which statement is a fact and which one is an opinion?

The recipe calls for less cinnamon than sugar, and salt is used the least.

The 87% student participation in our Read-a-thon last year was not impressive enough.

34Which words from the opinion statement make it a feeling or belief that can be argued?The student performance data show that students need additional practice with SOL 6.6f, which asks students to differentiate between fact and opinion.

On this slide, you will see questions and answers that do not have associated text excerpts; instead, the following explanations should give more insight into the specific difficulties students may have with this standard.

For the first example, suppose that students have just read a recipe for cinnamon sugar cookies. The students are then presented with four or more sentences about the recipe and must choose the fact. In the example answer provided on the screen, students may find it difficult to recognize that this statement can be proven, and that the words less and least do not make it an opinion.

For the second example question, assume that students have just read a flier encouraging participation in an upcoming Read-a-thon. The students are then presented with several sentences taken directly from the flier and must choose the sentence that is an opinion. In the example answer provided on the screen, students may notice the statistic and consider the sentence to be a fact, when the sentence as a whole is an opinion because of the phrase not impressive enough.

For these item types, students should not be distracted by the words or phrases that typically indicate a statement is a fact or opinion; instead they should determine whether or not the entire statement can be proven as a fact.

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