VCHP Energy Efficiency Measure Development Roadmap Barriers Action Items Resources TI Research...

VCHP Energy Efficiency Measure Development Roadmap

Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available

Proposed Action Item

E3T Assessment NeededIdentified Barrier

Difficult to Develop Measures and Incentive

Programs

Uncertain Savings, Costs and Cost effectiveness

Owner Unfamiliarity with VCHP

Designer Unfamiliarity with

VCHP

Contractor Unfamiliarity with

VCHP

Codes and Standards

Lack of Information to prioritize measures

Develop contractor qualifications and

training

Develop commissioning requirements

Document operation and

energy useDevelop best

practices to ensure energy saving

Develop designer training and

outreach

Develop screening tool for cost

effective opportunities

Develop owner training on utility incentives and VCHP benefits

Select and define highest priority

measures

Develop high consensus M&V

protocols

Quantify savings and costs over a specific baseline

Develop measures

Develop program

Deliver program

Follow developing codes and standards

Action Plan for Variable Capacity Heat Pump Technology

Lessons learned from previous projects

Manufacturer training

Lab and field testing resources

Existing owner training channels

VCHP research and resources

Industry, professional and utility research and

resources

Codes and standards research and

resources

Others Barriers

Define value proposition for utilities,

building owners and contractors

1

p.2 p.3 p.4 p.5 p.6,7 p.8,9 p.10 p.11


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Manufacturer training is difficult to access (nearest training

center is in Southern California)

Contractor Unfamiliarity with VCHP

Lack of contractor knowledge/experience

Poor installation even by the trained contractors

Develop contractor qualifications and

training


VRF contractor training in Irvine, California

Mark Jerome

Get early copies of ASHRAE 90.1 2010 VRF mechanical tables

Daikin provides online classes (http://www.daikinac.com/comm

ercial/trainingOverview.asp?sec=training)

Develop best practices to ensure energy

savings

Get early copies of ASHRAE VRF Handbook Chapter, which is

scheduled to be available Spring of 2012

Investigate Cascade Energy Engineering VRF system; they have been monitoring system

energy use for 5 yearsMike Cundiff

Lessons learned from ASHRAE Headquarters VRF demonstration project

Investigate lessons learned from Oakridge residential

DHP field testing

Investigate lessons learned from Energy Trust New Buildings program has provided incentives for new community college buildings in Southern

Oregon, installing Mitsubishi VRFs. M&V-completion date is Fall 2011Erin Rowe

Investigate savings and lessons learned from Corvallis Wild Life

Preserve VRF system with HRV and economizers

Mark Jerome

Investigate lessons learned from Ecotope single-head DHP report (residential),

including both field and lab testing. Contact Bob Davis or David Baylon at Ecotope

Collaborate with "Center for Built Environment" for post occupancy evaluation of comfort and behavior

Paul Delaney

Investigate new products and features, including US-centric controls, heat pump boilers, data center rack cooling, etc.

Mike Cundiff

Technology misapplication can affect deployment

2


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Designer Unfamiliarity with VCHP

Proprietary equipment makes it hard to understand or

commission


Document operation in lab tests

Lack of education in design and construction

fields on technology

VCHP does not fit into standard design

process

Unfamiliar with

controls

Get early copies of ASHRAE 90.1

2010 VRF mechanical tables

Engineers are designing systems around the technologies that they are

more comfortable with

Develop best practices to ensure energy

savings

Develop designer training and outreach

Get early copies of ASHRAE VRF Handbook Chapter, which is

scheduled to be available Spring of 2012

Investigate Cascade Energy Engineering VRF system; they have been monitoring system

energy use for 5 yearsMike Cundiff

Lessons learned from ASHRAE Headquarters

VRF demonstration project

Investigate lessons learned from Oakridge

residential DHP field testing





Mark Jerome



NREL may be a resource for lab testing VRF systems

Bruce Baccei

TI Project 216 EPRI Lab Testing

Codes and standards were not available until

recently

Collaborate with "Center for Built Environment" for post occupancy

evaluation of comfort and behaviorPaul Delaney


Mike Cundiff

EWEB commissioning

case study

AHRI 1230Mike Cundiff

Daikin provides online classes (http://www.daikinac.com/comme

rcial/trainingOverview.asp?sec=training)

Get early copies of ASHRAE VRF Handbook Chapter, which is scheduled to be available Spring

of 2012

Technology misapplication can affect deployment

Questionable cost effectiveness of economizers and ground coupled

applications

Develop screening tool for cost effective opportunities

Lack of performance data to validate

manufacturer claims

Lack of robust design and

modeling tools

Not all applications of VCHP systems with simultaneous heating and cooling

capability are cost effective

Some applications are not appropriate for VRV e.g. large OSA with not many zones

Technology misapplication

3


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Uncertainty in the market about the benefits of the system over the other systems

Unsure of system operation

Owner Unfamiliarity with VCHP

Develop owner training on utility incentives and VCHP

benefits

Owners are not familiar with the

systems

Get early copies of ASHRAE 90.1


Develop best practices to ensure energy savings

Get early copies of ASHRAE VRF Handbook Chapter, which is scheduled to be available

Spring of 2012

Investigate Cascade Energy Engineering VRF system; they have been monitoring

system energy use for 5 yearsMike Cundiff

Lessons learned from ASHRAE Headquarters

VRF demonstration project

Investigate lessons learned from Oakridge

residential DHP field testing





Mark Jerome



There are a lot of HVAC options in the market so this may not be perceived as the

best option for a given application

Lack of data and market knowledge to promote

technology

Perception of risk, uncertain owner and user, occupant

acceptance

Collaborate with "Center for Built Environment" for

post occupancy evaluation of comfort and behavior

Paul Delaney


Mike Cundiff

NEEA and BOMA owner training

4


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Lack of Information to Prioritize Measures

Select and define highest priority measures

Identify when and where designers include electric resistance heat

with VRF systems

Screen for where VRF HR systems are

cost-effective

Quantify savings for replacing electric

heat

Understand engineering, Installation, ownership,

utility barriers

Hard to define baselines to make comparisons

Evaluate whether the amount of VCHP

refrigerant is an issue

Preliminary screening of cost effectiveness of measures

Identify installations where savings can be verified

Verify the significance of duct losses and

feasibility of M&V

Investigate savings for baselines that do

not have cooling

Distribute and post EPRI VRF market studies,

commissioned by BPA, when they

are availableMira Vowles

Develop cost database

Mitsubishi VRF analysis based on EnergyPro model

Nick Fernandez

ASHRAE 90.1 2010 Appendix

G

Uncertain cost effectiveness for some

applications

VCHP measure potential

research and studies (Power

plan)

Evaluate top identified

applications

5


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Uncertain Energy Savings, Costs and Cost Effectiveness

Quantify savings and costs over a specific baseline

Select baseline

Quantify annual energy savings, benefits, costs

Develop models to quantify savings for top

priority measures

Quantify energy savings for night setback

Quantify non-energy benefits (O&M, gas savings, productivity due to improved comfort, etc.) to fully account for additional cost

effective measures

Uncertain savings

Establish measure life

Investigate lessons learned from BC Hydro

VRF office building retrofit in Vancouver; combination

of modeled/measures savings. Presented at

Emerging Tech Conference in Sacramento

in Nov 2010Ron Domitrovic

Mitsubishi VRF analysis based on EnergyPro model

Nick Fernandez

Document savings

trade-off for VRF HR without

economizers, Paul DopplerJim Benville

Investigate savings and

lessons learned from Corvallis

Wild Life Preserve VRF system with

HRV and economizersMark Jerome

Use AHRI 1230 equipment performance ratings (EER, COP, IEER) to estimate savings, including water cooled VRF system savings over air cooled VRF systems

Mike Cundiff

Skepticism about savings and real cost/benefit ratio

Investigate lessons learned from

PNNL/NEEA work to disaggregate

electrical loads, and use to determine

actual VRF system energy use

Nick Fernandez

Uncertain cost

Unknown equipment life

Distribute and post EPRI VRF market studies, commissioned by BPA, when they are available

Mira Vowles

Investigate new products and

features, including US-centric

controls, heat pump boilers,

data center rack cooling, etc.Mike Cundiff

Condensate piping and pumps are a costly oversight

Incremental costs of VRF systems could be higher or

lower than baseline systems

Utilities can not incent if incremental cost is

negative

Investigate life of Asian systems

TI Project 216 EPRI VRF HR Lab Testing

6


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Identify installations where savings can be

verified

Existing M&V approaches like energy modeling and deemed savings are not proven for VRF

systems

Complex systems-hard to accurately measure and quantify savings

Develop high consensus M&V

protocols

Share results from EPRI VRF&DHP EE Demo's

Mira Vowles

RTF VCHP Sub committee

IPMVP

Document M&V protocols from field tests

Possible opportunity for field testing in a set of test bed commercial buildings that are being constructed in Richland, WA at PNNL's

headquarters.Nick Fernandez

Challenges metering commercial VCHP

systems

M&V for Uncertain Energy Savings

7


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Product/Service Area :

Difficult to Develop Measures

Uncertain savings

Document magnitude and longevity of the incremental

electric energy savings.

Develop simple savings calculators based on documented performance to be nimble,

reduce reliance on energy models and lower program delivery cost

Evaluate cost effectiveness of measures

Develop whole building savings estimation and M&V using billing data

Verify tenant billing system

for M&V

Determine sample size to quantify statistically significant

savings

Develop equipment based measures

Uncertain cost

Field test M&V protocols

Summarize lessons learned based on

evaluation of SCE's upstream VRF

incentive programPaul Delaney

ASHRAE 90.1 2010 VRF mechanical tables

Unknown equipment life

Describe energy savings time-of-occurrence and duration: Load

Shape, Lifetime

Use AHRI 1230 equipment performance ratings (EER, COP, IEER) to estimate savings, including water cooled VRF system savings over air cooled

VRF systemsMike Cundiff

Develop performance

based measures

Consider upstream program ($/ton), similar to SCE, based

on energy models

Quantify baseline EUIs for building types

Higher first cost

VRF may add cooling to uncooled baselines

Design program to minimize free ridership

Develop simple system start-up requirements for

incentives

Develop measure specific M&V

protocols

Share results from EPRI VRF&DHP EE Demo's

Mira Vowles

RTF VCHP Sub committee IPMVP

Possible opportunity for field testing in a set of test bed commercial buildings that are being

constructed in Richland, WA at PNNL's headquarters.

Nick Fernandez

VRF Pilot to verify measure savings

Investigate incorporating VRF systems into office of

the future pilot projects which have 30-50%

savings goals. Contact Amy Cortese, with New

Building Institute, [email protected]

Bruce Baccei

Complicated utility incentive process

Define the value proposition for the utilities, building owners

and contractors

8


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Difficult to Develop Incentive Programs

Quantify savings for baselines that do not have

cooling

Develop VRF measures, possibly whole building/pay for performance incentives

Quantify baseline EUIs for building types

Develop best practices to prevent electric resistance

heat operation

Develop best practices and specifications for ERV design

and operation

Evaluate unoccupied temperature set-back/set-up, DOAS control, electric resistance heat lock-out, low-ambient

performance and optimal start capabilities -develop best practices and pay for performance

Higher initial costUsually adds cooling to a space that did not have

cooling before

Summarize lessons learned based on evaluation of SCE's upstream VRF incentive program

Paul Delaney

Determine free ridership. Design program to minimize

free ridership

Develop simple system start-up requirements for incentives

Develop equipment based measures

Develop performance

based measures

Consider upstream program ($/ton), similar to SCE, based

on energy models

Develop VCHP Incentives

9


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Codes and Standards

Costly to meet ventilation codes with VCHP systems

Follow developing IECC and other economizer code exceptions

Evaluate whether the amount of VCHP refrigerant is an issue

Safety concerns over refrigerant leaks

ASHRAE refrigerant standard

Codes and standards are still being developed

IECC 2012Get early copies of ASHRAE 90.1



of 2012

Follow developing codes and standards

Document savings trade-off for VRF HR without economizers, Paul Doppler

Jim Benville

IECC 2012

Difficult to meet net zero

Follow developing IECC net zero requirements

Follow developing IECC and other economizer code exceptions

Evaluate whether the amount of VCHP refrigerant is an issue

Follow developing IECC net zero requirements

10


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Other Barriers

Inertia of traditional (US) HVAC manufacturing design and

contracting system

Define the value proposition for the utilities, building owners

and contractors

Cheaper install equals less commission for sales man

Negative experiences e.g. ASHRAE HQ Issues

Lessons learned from ASHRAE Headquarters VRF demonstration project

Investigate lessons learned from Oakridge residential DHP field testing

Investigate lessons learned from Energy Trust New Buildings program has provided incentives for new community college buildings in Southern Oregon, installing

Mitsubishi VRFs. M&V-completion date is Fall 2011Erin Rowe

Investigate savings and lessons learned from Corvallis Wild Life Preserve VRF

system with HRV and economizersMark Jerome

Investigate lessons learned from Ecotope single-head DHP report (residential), including both field

and lab testing. Contact Bob Davis or David Baylon at Ecotope.Bob Davis

Investigate lessons learned from BC Hydro VRF office building retrofit in Vancouver; combination of modeled/measures savings. Presented

at Emerging Tech Conference in Sacramento in Nov 2010Ron Domitrovic

Share EPRI VRF & DHP EE Demo results

and Market StudiesMira Vowles


of 2012

11


Barriers

Action Items

Resources

TI Research Needed

Resource Available



Non Energy Benefits of VCHP Systems

Non Energy Benefit (Adoption Driver)

Non Energy Benefits

Aesthetics

Aesthetically more pleasing than a PTAC or PTHP

Design and Installation

Flexibility-large array of applications and models-can fit many different needs

Allows for the application of a heat pump to larger buildings where traditional HP systems

aren't feasible

Adds A/C to older buildings with less disruption

Good for renovations "older buildings"

More space in ceilings and walls

Less ductwork or no duct work

needed

Adaptability for retrofit applications

Modular components may help simplify design and flexibility for tenant changes

Ease of installation in retrofit applications

Smaller footprint than RTU

No wasted space costing-smaller shafts, mechanical rooms etc.

Straight forward retrofit for many existing systems

Full integrated controls ensures system

performs as intended

Multi splits can prevent zones from

fighting

Interface

Individualized control-billing for tenants in an office building

Energy use monitoringFDD capabilities and

remote displays

Packaged controls

Improved Comfort

Low noiseNon heat recovery mechanical

ventilation can be a comfort and an energy waster

Zonal control can be more precise-minimal simultaneous heating and cooling

Improved comfort with multiple thermostats to allow individual office personal to control their own

environment

12

13

Gannt Chart: Action Items in High Level


14

Gannt Chart: Action Items in Detail (1 of 2)


15

Gannt Chart: Action Items in Detail (2 of 2)


Application Existing System New System

Commercial application in a converted house Electric resistance DHP mini split 2 head, 1 outdoor unit

Small and medium office Multiple single speed ASHP-AC with electric heat VRF multi split-VRF heat recovery

Small and medium office Old rooftop HP VRF with separate rooftop HP ERV

Small and medium office Single speed ASHP or A/C with electric heat VRF multi split

Small Retail Split system heat pump with fans/zonal electric without AC DHP mini split or with multiple heads

Building with data center or other heat source Any electric heat VRF heat recovery and DOAS

SchoolHydronic heat pumps with electric boiler-closed cooling tower-economizers for each zone

VRF with heat recovery

Small and medium office VAV with electric perimeter heat VRF with heat recovery

Small and medium office WSHP VRF with heat recovery

Assisted Living PTAC DHP 1 head-1 comp per room

Lodging PTAC/PTHP DHP mini split

Multi family/Multi family small-rise Zonal electric or electric FAF/Electric resistance Single or two head DHP/DHP split

Multi family-Apartments Base board heat-electric VRF multi split

Multi family-Apartments low rise PTHP with electric resistance DHP mini split

Assisted Living 4 pipe FC VAV with reheat

Lodging-Hotel Chiller-Boiler with fan coils Water cooled VRV

Assisted Living Boiler & Cooling Tower with 180 WSHPs DHP-Fujitsu 3 ton 3 head DHP 60 outdoor units 180 indoor units

Dorm FCU WSHP

Large office 4 pipe FCU VAV with reheat

Small and Medium Office-Small office up to 5000 sf RTUS(gas pack or heat pump) VRF multi split

Small or medium office-4 to 5 stories PSZ heat pumps-multiple sercing each floor VRF with heat recovery

Small and medium officeRooftop air cooled DX VAV with series or parallel fan box with ECM, 100% OA economizer-no heat recovery

VRF with heat recovery

School Chilled water fan coil units-radiators VRF with heat recovery

School Ceiling heat VRF with heat recovery

School FCU VAV with reheat

Assisted Living Base board heat-Window AC VRF with heat recovery

Large Office (>60000, > 150 tons) Packaged VAV HP VRV heat pump

Lodging-Hotel PTAC with electric heat VRF with heat recovery

Retail building approximately 40000 sq ft concrete block slightly pitched roof (flat)

Multiple roof top units (6) 10 ton with 3 ph strip heat with concentric diffusers

Daikin VRV or Mitsubishi City Multi R2: 20- 2x2 casettes for T bar ceiling & 3-wall mount units

Large Office (>60000, > 150 tons) VAV with reheat-chilled & hot water loop VRF with heat recovery

School Central boiler-Window AC VRF multi split16

Application Existing System New System

Commercial application in a converted house

Electric resistanceDHP mini split 2 head, 1 outdoor

unit

Small and medium officeMultiple single speed ASHP-

AC with electric heatVRF multi split-VRF heat

recovery

Small and medium office Old rooftop HPVRF with separate rooftop HP

ERV

Small and medium officeSingle speed ASHP or A/C

with electric heatVRF multi split

Small RetailSplit system heat pump with

fans/zonal electric without AC

DHP mini split or with multiple heads

17

Survey for Prioritization of Potential Measures


18

Objective of this survey is to prioritize potential measures identified in the VCHP roadmapping effort.

Please use the following link to reach the survey

Link: http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/RM58D75

Please complete the survey by 5:00 pm on May 27th

http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/RM58D75

VCHP Energy Efficiency Measure Development Roadmap Barriers Action Items Resources TI Research...

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