Vascularization and Cortex of the Brain-2011

7/28/2019 Vascularization and Cortex of the Brain-2011

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Central Nervous System

Brain

Spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

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Prosencephalon

Telencephalon

(Cerebrum)

Diencephalon

(Thalamus,

Hypothalamus)

Mesencephalon

Rhombencephalon Metencephalon (Pons)

Myelencephalon

(Medulla Oblongata)

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Planes of the brain


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SAGITAL SECTION


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LATERAL ASPECT



FRONTAL SECTION



GANGLIA BASALIS


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Epidural space Meningea artery

Subdural space

Superficial cerebral vein andsinuses

Subarachnoid space Filled by CNS

Cerebral artery

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Lateral ventricle (pair)

Frontal, occipital and temporalhorn

foramina of Monro third

ventricle Third ventricle

Aqueduct of Sylvii forth

ventricle Forth ventricle

Laterally foramen luschka

subarachnoid space

Medially foramen magendi

subarachnoid space



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Produced by choroid plexus in ventricles

Secreted 0.5 ml/min 300 ml/day

Circulation Occupies subarachnoid spaces of the brain and MS Vert Sacral II

Reabsoption Return to the sinus venosus via arachnoid granulation

due to the differences of pressure



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Arachnoid granulation

Sinus sagitalis

superior

CSF


Absorption of CSFreturn to the blood



Blood supply of the brain

Vertebral-basilar a

Internal carotid a

BrainstemCerebellum

Spinal cord

Hemisphere Cerebri

Diencephalon


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VC IV : bifurcatio A.

carotis communisA.carotis externa andinterna

Perforate the skullcarotid canal of temporal

bone caverosus sinus perforate duramater subarachnoid space

Divided into A. cerebrianterior and A. cerebrimedia



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A. vertebrobasilarisalis

A. Subclvia

A. Vertebralis

For. transversalia VC 1-7

foramen magnum

A. Basilaris

A. cerebri posterior

CIRCULUS WILLISI


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A. cerebri media Cortical branch lateral surface of hemisphere

Central branch caudate nuclei, internal capsule

A. cerebri anterior Cortical branchmedial surface of cortex

Central branch caudate nuclei, internal capsule

A. ophtalmica Supply frontal area, eye, frontal n ethmoid sinus, dorsum of nose

A. communicans posterior Join posterior cerebral a circle of Willis

A. choroidal anterior Ends in choroid plexus



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Centralbranches A. striata

lateralis

Upper division A. prefrontal,

A. precentral,

A. central,

A. postcentral,

A. parietal

Lower division A. middle temporal, A. temporal anterior, A.

temporo-occipital, A. angular



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A. pericallosal: Corpus callosum

A. callosomarginal

Paracentral lobe

Gyrus frontalis superior

A. Orbitofrontal: frontal lobe

A. polar frontal: Frontal pole

A. striae medialis : Capsula interna



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Medial branches A. calcarine

A. callosal

A. parieto-occipital

Lateral branches A. temporal anterior

A. temporal posterior

A. occipito temporal

A. choroidal posterior Plexus choroideus of lateral

ventricle

Central branches A. Thalamoperforating

A. Thalamogeniculate

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Basilar a

Posterior cerebral

Posteriorcommunicating

Internal carotid

Anterior cerebralAnterior

communicating


V d i


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Venous drainage



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Normal perfussion 50 ml/100 gr CNS/min Neurons stop the signal 20 ml/100 g

CNS/min Neurons stop the signal after 5 min cardiac

arrest

Destructive necrosis 10 ml/100 gCNS/min



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is a sheet ofneural tissue that is outermost to the

cerebrum of the mammalian brain.

It plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptualawareness, thought, language, and consciousness.

It is constituted of up to six horizontal layers, in

terms of neurons and connectivity.

The human cerebral cortex is 24 mm (0.08

0.16 inches) thick.

50 billion neurons and 500 billion neuroglia cells


B d A


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Brodmanns Area (47 AREA)

MEDIAL ASPECT

LATERAL ASPECT

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1217,18,19,20,23,24,25,28,

31,32,34,36,37,38

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,17,

18,19,20,21,22,36,37,38,39,

40,41,42,44,45,46,47


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Motor Primary area 4

Supplementary area 6

Sensory 3,1,2 primary somatic sensory

5 somatic sensory association

40 secondary somatic sensory

LESI PADA sensoric area: loss of vibration, poprioception, fine

touch, crude touch pain, and

thermoception



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Primary somasthetic area (area 3,1,2)

Secondary somasthetic area

Somasthetic association area ( 5, 7)

Occipital lobe

Primary visual area (17)

Secondary visual area (18, 19)


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Primary auditory area (41, 42) Secondary auditory area (22)

Sensory speech area of WERNICKE Active listening :21, 37, 39, 46

Passive listening: 9, Listen to tones

Precentral

Posterior region (area 4)

Primary motor area Anterior region

Secondary motor area

Reading:area 44, 45, 46


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Brocas: speaking or use the

wordsMotor speech

function, 44, 45

Lesi: Expressive aphasia

Wernicke: understanding the

spoken word Sensory

speech function, area 22

Lesion receptive aphasia



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TIA (transient ischemic attack)

Strokes

Hemorrhagic Cerebral hemorrhage

Ischemic Cerebral infarction

Aneurysma

Arteriovenosus malformation (AVM)

Cerebrovascular accident HEAD INJURY



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A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply toany part of the brain:

Hemorrhagic strokes An incident of vascular bleeding into the brain

Ischemic strokes (sudden vascular insufficiency) Trombus (a blood clot formed within a vessel)

Embolus ( a blood clot is carried along in the blood stream)

Vascularization and Cortex of the Brain-2011

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