Variant Configuration - sap sd

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VariantVariant ConfigurationConfiguration

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Variant ConfigurationVariant Configuration

• Market Competitiveness demands Products to be Market Competitiveness demands Products to be customized to the customers specific needs.customized to the customers specific needs.

• The Product needs to be delivered in the shortest possible The Product needs to be delivered in the shortest possible lead time at the most competitive priceslead time at the most competitive prices

• Customized products with complex and varying Customized products with complex and varying specifications.specifications.

• Products & services which are offered with both standard Products & services which are offered with both standard specs and with additional features.specs and with additional features.

The customer determines the features of the product. The customer determines the features of the product.

Purpose

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Material is created with Material is created with

Material Type-KMATMaterial Type-KMAT

Defining a material as a configurable material

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Materials of other material types can be Materials of other material types can be

made configurable. To do this, set the made configurable. To do this, set the Material is configurableMaterial is configurable indicator in the indicator in the Basic data Basic data of the material master record.of the material master record.

Defining a material as a configurable material contd…

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If you want to configure a material, you must If you want to configure a material, you must create it with a material type that has the create it with a material type that has the ClassificationClassification view view defined as allowed in Customizing.defined as allowed in Customizing.

Defining a material as a configurable material

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You use central maintenance functions to You use central maintenance functions to create material master records for configurable materials. There is create material master records for configurable materials. There is some data that you need to maintain specifically for configurable some data that you need to maintain specifically for configurable materials:materials:

Basic DataBasic Data

SalesSales

MRPMRP

Configurable IndicatorConfigurable Indicator XX

Material Master data Settings

Item Category GroupItem Category Group 0002 or 00040002 or 0004

Strategy GroupStrategy Group 25 (PP Demand 25 (PP Demand Management)Management)

MRP TypeMRP Type PD not NDPD not ND

MRP Lot SizeMRP Lot Size EXEX

Availability CheckAvailability Check 0202

Individual/Collective Req..Individual/Collective Req.. 11

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Variant configuration is integrated in the following applications:Variant configuration is integrated in the following applications:

SD Sales and Distribution - Order Entry & Pricing ConditionsSD Sales and Distribution - Order Entry & Pricing Conditions MM – Purchasing MM – Purchasing FICO – CostingFICO – Costing PP – BOM, Production Orders, Task Lists, Routings, MRPPP – BOM, Production Orders, Task Lists, Routings, MRP ClassificationClassification

You can configure the following objects:You can configure the following objects:

Materials Materials Standard networks in the Project System. Standard networks in the Project System. PM General maintenance task lists PM General maintenance task lists Model service specificationsModel service specifications

Integration

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The bill of material (BOM) of a configurable material contains all The bill of material (BOM) of a configurable material contains all the components that are required to manufacture the material. the components that are required to manufacture the material.

The BOM contains components that are only used for specific The BOM contains components that are only used for specific variants variants

BOM also contains components that are used in all variants. BOM also contains components that are used in all variants. (non-variable parts)(non-variable parts)

This is why BOMs for configurable materials are known as super This is why BOMs for configurable materials are known as super BOMs.BOMs.

Super BOM

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One Configurable Material can be used to cover all variants.One Configurable Material can be used to cover all variants.

No need to create separate Material Master for every variant of No need to create separate Material Master for every variant of the product. the product.

Online Integration of all Modules – SD/MM/PP/FICO at the time of Online Integration of all Modules – SD/MM/PP/FICO at the time of creating the order.creating the order.

Product Configuration in the order, MRP for BOM components, Product Configuration in the order, MRP for BOM components, Cost determination, Creation of Routings & Task Lists for PP etcCost determination, Creation of Routings & Task Lists for PP etc..

Features

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Characteristics:Characteristics:Characteristics are used to define the features of the configurable material.Characteristics are used to define the features of the configurable material.

Characteristics Values:Characteristics Values:

Characteristics Values specify the characteristics.Characteristics Values specify the characteristics.

For Example:For Example:

A PC may have the following Characteristics and Characteristics ValuesA PC may have the following Characteristics and Characteristics Values

Features

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Characteristics ValuesCharacteristics Values

MotherboardMotherboard 1. Intel1. Intel

2. Gigabyte2. Gigabyte

ProcessorProcessor 1. Pentium IV 2.8 Ghz1. Pentium IV 2.8 Ghz

2. AMD 2800 +2. AMD 2800 +

RAMRAM 1. 256 MB1. 256 MB

2. 512 MB2. 512 MB

The Product can be customized by assigning the characteristics values The Product can be customized by assigning the characteristics values to the Characteristics as desired.to the Characteristics as desired.

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Class:Class:

In variant configuration, a class of class type 300 is In variant configuration, a class of class type 300 is used to hold the characteristics that describe a configurable used to hold the characteristics that describe a configurable material. By classifying the Configurable Material with the class the material. By classifying the Configurable Material with the class the Material Lends itself to configuration based on the characteristics Material Lends itself to configuration based on the characteristics held by the class. held by the class.

Configuration Profile:Configuration Profile:

Each configurable object must have a configuration Each configurable object must have a configuration profile. You maintain configuration profiles to define central settings profile. You maintain configuration profiles to define central settings for configuring the object. The configuration profile for a material for configuring the object. The configuration profile for a material controls the configuration process in the sales order.controls the configuration process in the sales order.

Features

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Dependencies:Dependencies:

Dependencies control the combinations of Dependencies control the combinations of features. features.

Describe the interdependencies between Describe the interdependencies between Characteristics & Characteristic values.Characteristics & Characteristic values.

Dependencies

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Preconditions:Preconditions:

To hide characteristics and characteristic values that are not allowed.To hide characteristics and characteristic values that are not allowed. Ensure that the configuration of an object is consistent. Ensure that the configuration of an object is consistent.

ExampleExample::

You want to hide the Characteristics Value AMD 2800 + if Intel You want to hide the Characteristics Value AMD 2800 + if Intel Mother Board is selected because they can not go together.Mother Board is selected because they can not go together.

Precondition must be maintained for Characteristics Value – AMD 2800 + :Precondition must be maintained for Characteristics Value – AMD 2800 + :

Motherboard = ‘Gigabyte’ Motherboard = ‘Gigabyte’ ‘‘AMD 2800 +’ would show as a possible selection only if ‘Gigabyte’ is AMD 2800 +’ would show as a possible selection only if ‘Gigabyte’ is selected for Mother Board.selected for Mother Board.

Dependencies Preconditions

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Selection Conditions:Selection Conditions:

You can use selection conditions to ensure that all the objects You can use selection conditions to ensure that all the objects relevant to a variant are selected:relevant to a variant are selected:

Selection conditions determine which variants require a specific Selection conditions determine which variants require a specific component or operation component or operation

Selection conditions determine when it is mandatory to assign a Selection conditions determine when it is mandatory to assign a value to a characteristicvalue to a characteristic

Dependencies Selection Conditions

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Example for Selection Condition for Characteristic selectionExample for Selection Condition for Characteristic selection: :

Under normal conditions RAM need not necessarily be selected. It is Under normal conditions RAM need not necessarily be selected. It is optional. However, if ‘Intel’ is selected for Motherboard then RAM becomes optional. However, if ‘Intel’ is selected for Motherboard then RAM becomes a Mandatory selection.a Mandatory selection.

Selection condition must be maintained for Characteristic – RAM :Selection condition must be maintained for Characteristic – RAM :

Motherboard = ‘Intel’Motherboard = ‘Intel’

This ensures that a Value is selected for RAM if ‘Intel’ is selected for This ensures that a Value is selected for RAM if ‘Intel’ is selected for Motherboard for the Configuration to be consistent.Motherboard for the Configuration to be consistent.


Variant Configuration

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Example for Selection Condition for BOM Items:Example for Selection Condition for BOM Items:

Selection condition must be maintained for BOM items:Selection condition must be maintained for BOM items:

For BOM item - Intel - Selection condition would be :For BOM item - Intel - Selection condition would be :

Motherboard = ‘Intel’ Motherboard = ‘Intel’

For BOM item - Gigabyte - Selection condition would be :For BOM item - Gigabyte - Selection condition would be :

Motherboard = ‘Gigabyte’Motherboard = ‘Gigabyte’

And so on…for all variant parts in the BOM.And so on…for all variant parts in the BOM.


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Classes may also be maintained as BOM itemsClasses may also be maintained as BOM items : :

Classes must be of Class type 200 or 300 only & must be allowed to be Classes must be of Class type 200 or 300 only & must be allowed to be used as BOM items in the additional data tab of the Class.used as BOM items in the additional data tab of the Class.

All Characteristics Values under the class must be classified as such.All Characteristics Values under the class must be classified as such.

All Characteristics Values which have been classified as above need not be All Characteristics Values which have been classified as above need not be maintained as BOM items. It is sufficient to maintain only the Class as a maintained as BOM items. It is sufficient to maintain only the Class as a BOM item.BOM item.

The same Value as the variant item must be assigned to the Characteristic The same Value as the variant item must be assigned to the Characteristic in the Material Master of the Item.in the Material Master of the Item.

On selection of the Value during configuration, the class item in the BOM is On selection of the Value during configuration, the class item in the BOM is replaced by the Item itself and hence appears in the BOM explosion. replaced by the Item itself and hence appears in the BOM explosion.

Classes as BOM items

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Procedures :Procedures :

Used to infer values for characteristics. Used to infer values for characteristics. They are extensively used in Pricing.They are extensively used in Pricing.

You can assign procedures to the following objects: You can assign procedures to the following objects:

The characteristic value that triggers the procedure The characteristic value that triggers the procedure The characteristic that triggers the procedure The characteristic that triggers the procedure The configuration profile of the configurable objectThe configuration profile of the configurable object BOM items – to change the component quantity, for exampleBOM items – to change the component quantity, for example

Procedures are processed in the sequence in which they are maintain for Procedures are processed in the sequence in which they are maintain for the object. the object.

Dependencies Procedures

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Example for Inferring a Characteristics Value using a procedure:Example for Inferring a Characteristics Value using a procedure:

The Value for Characteristic RAM must be inferred as 256 MB if the The Value for Characteristic RAM must be inferred as 256 MB if the Motherboard is ‘Intel’.Motherboard is ‘Intel’.

Following Procedure may be maintained in the Configuration Profile:Following Procedure may be maintained in the Configuration Profile:

$self.RAM =256MB if Motherboard = ‘Intel’$self.RAM =256MB if Motherboard = ‘Intel’

This ensures that RAM is set to 256MB on ‘Intel’ being selected for This ensures that RAM is set to 256MB on ‘Intel’ being selected for Motherboard.Motherboard.

Dependencies Procedures

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Reference Characteristics:Reference Characteristics:

The configuration of a material may also depend on certain fields in the The configuration of a material may also depend on certain fields in the R/3 system apart from user selections.R/3 system apart from user selections.

A Characteristic becomes a Reference Characteristic when it refers to a A Characteristic becomes a Reference Characteristic when it refers to a Field in a Table/Structure.Field in a Table/Structure.

This feature can be used to dynamically change certain data during This feature can be used to dynamically change certain data during configuration. configuration.

They can also be used to change the quantities in a BOM ( STPO – MENGE).They can also be used to change the quantities in a BOM ( STPO – MENGE).

Reference Characteristics are used for Pricing & Costing also.Reference Characteristics are used for Pricing & Costing also.

Reference Characteristics

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Constraints:Constraints:

They are mainly used to check the consistency of configuration.They are mainly used to check the consistency of configuration.

They may also be used to infer values for Characteristics.They may also be used to infer values for Characteristics.

They are maintained in dependency nets.They are maintained in dependency nets.

Dependency nets are allocated to the configuration profile.Dependency nets are allocated to the configuration profile.

The timing and sequence of processing a constraint is not The timing and sequence of processing a constraint is not relevant. relevant.

Dependencies Constraints

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Structure of a ConstraintStructure of a Constraint

OBJECTS:OBJECTS:PC IS_A (300) PC PC IS_A (300) PC WHERE C = CASING;HD = HARD_DISK.WHERE C = CASING;HD = HARD_DISK.

CONDITION:CONDITION:

PC. CPU = ‘586’PC. CPU = ‘586’

RESTRICTIONS:RESTRICTIONS:HD IN (‘1275’, ‘1620’, ‘2000’) IF C = ‘Tower’.HD IN (‘1275’, ‘1620’, ‘2000’) IF C = ‘Tower’.

INFERENCES:INFERENCES:HD.HD.

Dependencies Constraints

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Variant Tables:Variant Tables:

Tables are used to store combinations of values for different Tables are used to store combinations of values for different characteristics. characteristics.

Tables are an aid to entry for dependencies. You call the table function Tables are an aid to entry for dependencies. You call the table function in a dependency. in a dependency.

The system uses the table to infer and check values for configuration The system uses the table to infer and check values for configuration consistency.consistency.

If the interdependencies between characteristics change, you change If the interdependencies between characteristics change, you change the table entries, not the dependenciesthe table entries, not the dependencies

Dependencies Variant Tables

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Use of Variant Tables in constraintsUse of Variant Tables in constraints

OBJECTS:OBJECTS:PC IS_A (300) PC PC IS_A (300) PC

where HD = Harddisk; MB = Motherboard; CAB = where HD = Harddisk; MB = Motherboard; CAB = Cabinet.Cabinet.

RESTRICTIONS:RESTRICTIONS:TABLE PC_TABTABLE PC_TAB(Harddisk = HD, Motherboard = MB, Cabinet = CAB).(Harddisk = HD, Motherboard = MB, Cabinet = CAB).

INFERENCES:INFERENCES:FH.FH.

Dependencies Variant Tables

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Variant Conditions:Variant Conditions:

You can use variant conditions to define surcharges or discounts for a variant.You can use variant conditions to define surcharges or discounts for a variant.

A reference Characteristic referring to SDCOM-VKOND is maintained as a A reference Characteristic referring to SDCOM-VKOND is maintained as a characteristic in the class. This is a multi value characteristic.characteristic in the class. This is a multi value characteristic.

Variant conditions are maintained in Condition types VA00 & VA01 in Standard Variant conditions are maintained in Condition types VA00 & VA01 in Standard SAP.SAP.

The configurable material & the Variant Key are key fields in the condition table The configurable material & the Variant Key are key fields in the condition table to determine a discount or surcharge for the variant.to determine a discount or surcharge for the variant.

Variant Conditions

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Variant Conditions:Variant Conditions: contd … contd …

The variant key may be assigned to the Characteristic value The variant key may be assigned to the Characteristic value either directly thru Configuration simulation or dynamically at the either directly thru Configuration simulation or dynamically at the time of configuration thru Procedures or Constraints.time of configuration thru Procedures or Constraints.

The system populates the SDCOM structure with the variant The system populates the SDCOM structure with the variant keys against each value assigned keys against each value assigned

The keys populated in the structure are used to find condition The keys populated in the structure are used to find condition records to be brought into the order.records to be brought into the order.

Variant Conditions

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Material Variants:Material Variants:

For variants that are required For variants that are required frequently, you can create material variants, frequently, you can create material variants, which which can be produced without a sales can be produced without a sales order and kept in stock. When you receive a order and kept in stock. When you receive a sales order, you can check whether the variant sales order, you can check whether the variant required is in stock, so that you can deliver required is in stock, so that you can deliver immediately.immediately.

Material Variants

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Variant Configuration - sap sd

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