Variable Exercise

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables ____________________________________________________________ ____________ Scientific Skills :Variables Constant (same/fixed) MANIPULATED ( different) RESPONDING (result of experimen) Can be identified from: (a) Table (b) Graph (c) Statement (d) Diagram From table Example: (i) Manipulated Responding variable variable Substance Boiling Point / 0 C Distilled water 100 Distilled water + common salt ...................... (ii) Manipulated variable Height of students (cm) 146-150 151-155 156-160 161-165 166-170 ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________roslainigc 1 ManipulatedResponding ManipulatedResponding }

Transcript of Variable Exercise

Page 1: Variable Exercise

Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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Scientific Skills :Variables

Constant(same/fixed)

MANIPULATED( different)

RESPONDING (result of experimen)

Can be identified from: (a) Table (b) Graph (c) Statement

(d) Diagram

From table

Example: (i) Manipulated Responding

variable variable

Substance Boiling Point /0CDistilled water 100Distilled water + common salt ......................

(ii) Manipulated variable

Height of students (cm) 146-150 151-155 156-160 161-165 166-170Number of students

Responding variable

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ManipulatedResponding

ManipulatedResponding }

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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From graph

From statement:

(1) To study the effect of manipulated variable on responding variable To study the effect of thickness of convex lens on focal length

Example :

(a) Diagram (a) and (b) shows an experiment to compare the reactivity rate of metal L and metal M in dilute hydrochloric acid

Important points from statementSame Different Result

Dilute hydrochloric acid Metal L and metal M Reactivity rate

Constant variable Manipulated variable Responding variable

Volume of hydrochloric acid

Concentration of hydrochloric acid

Type of metal Reactivity rate of metal

From Diagram

Constant variable Manipulated variable Responding Variable

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Distilled water

Fresh milk

SterilizeCotton wool Fresh

milik

SterilizeCotton wool

Incubating Incubating Incubating IncubatingTemperature temperature temperature temperature

370C 00C 1000C 600C

Fresh milk

(Responding )Temperature

(Manipulated )Time

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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Volume of fresh milk (incubating) temperature Condition of fresh milk Growth of bacteria

Constant variable Manipulated variable Responding variable

Volume of nutrient broth Type of bacteria Volume of bacteria culture

Incubating temperature Cloudiness of mixture

Steps in writing variables:

Parameter of materials

………………………. of nutrient broth

………………………. of yeast

……………………… of metal

Example: Must write parameter for each variable Apparatus is not considered as constant variables

SOLID LIQUID GASMass of metalThickness of wireLength of rodType of nailPresence of saltWeight of substanceSize of spongeDepth of dent

Volume of culture solutionVolume of hydrochloric acidConcentration of hydrochloric acid

Volume of hydrogen

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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SCIENTIFIC SKILLS EXERCISE: VARIABLESLATIHAN KEMAHIRAN SAINTIFIK : PEMBOLEHUBAH

1 Table 3 shows the result of the reaction between 3.0 g of zinc metal with 100cm3 dilute hydrochloric acid.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan bagi tindakbalas antara 3.0 g logam zink dengan100cm3 asid hidroklorik cair.

Time /minitMasa/minit

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Volume of gas/ cm3

Isipadu gas / cm30 27 46 57 64 67 67

TABLE 3JADUAL 3

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Manipulated

Responding

2 Table 5 shows the result of an experiment to study the effect of temperatureon bacterial growth.Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria

Temperature/0CSuhu/0C

Size of bacteria colony after 24 hoursSaiz koloni bakteria selepas 24 jam

0 215 525 1035 1560 3

TABLE 5 JADUAL 5

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Manipulated

Responding

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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3 Diagram 7 shows the result of an experiment to study the effect of different concentration of an antibiotic on bacterial growth.Rajah 7 menunjukkan keputusan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan antibiotik yang berbeza ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Manipulated

Responding

4 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the relationship between the thickness of convex lens with the focal length of the convex lens.Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara ketebalan kanta cembung dengan jarak fokus kanta cembung.

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Manipulated

Responding

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Kawasan jernih

Cakera antibiotik berkepekatan tinggi

Bakteria

Cakera antibiotik berkepekatan rendah

Kawasan jernih

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6 Diagram shows an experiment to study the effect of pH on the growth of bacteria.Rajah menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pH ke atas pertumbuhan bakteria

After two days, the

appearance of the mixture in each test tube is observed.Table 3 shows the result of this experiment.Selepas dua hari, keadaan campuran di dalam setiap tabung uji diperhatikan.Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

Test tubeTabung uji

pH valuenilai pH

Cloudiness of mixtureKekeruhan campuran

P Acid (pH less than 7)Asid (kurang daripada 7)

Slightly cloudyKeruh sedikit

Q Alkali (pH more than 7)Alkali (pH lebih daripada 7)

Slightly cloudyKeruh sedikit

R Neutral (pH 7) Very cloudySangat keruh

Table 3 Jadual 3

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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Lekuk P Lekuk Q

Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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7 Diagram 1.1 shows an experiment to study the pressure produced by metal blocks, P and Q of the same mass.Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tekanan yang dihasilkan oleh bongkah logam P dan Q yang mempunyai jisim yang sama.

Figure 1.2 shows the effect on the plasticine when metal blocks P and Qwere dropped.Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan kesan ke atas plastisin apabila bongkah logam P danQ dijatuhkan.

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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Bongkah logam P Bongkah

logam Q

Plastisin

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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8 Diagram 2(a) and 2(b) show an experiment to compare the reactivity of metalL and metal M with dilute hydrochloric acid.Rajah 2(a) dan 2(b) menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kereaktifan logam L dan logam M dengan asid hidroklorik cair

(a) Write down one observation for the above experiment.

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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Asid hidroklorik cair

Asid hidroklorik cair

5 g logam L

5 g logam M

Buret X

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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9 Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.1 shows an experiment to study the reactivity of metals with dilute hydrochloric acidRajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.1menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam dengan asid hidroklorik cair

Dia

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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Dilute hydrochloric acid Dilute hydrochloric acid

Zinc platePlat zink

Magnesium platePlat magnesium

BubbleGelembung gas

BubbleGelembung gas

Asid hidroklorik cair Asid hidroklorik cair

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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10 Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show an experiment to study the electrical conductivity of lead (II) bromide.Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkajiKekonduksian elektrik plumbum (II) bromida.

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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Elektrod karbon

Elektrod karbon

Elektrod karbon

Pepejal Plumbum (II) bromida

LeburanPlumbum (II) bromida

Elektrod karbon

Panaskan

Diagram 6.1Rajah 6.1

Diagram 6.2Rajah 6.2

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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11 Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show an experiment to study the collision between trolleys of different masses with a plasticine block.Rajah 8..1 dan Rajah 8..2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkajiPerlanggaran antara troli yang berlainan jisim dengan bongkah plastisin

(b)(i) What can you observe about the plasticine block after the collisin?Apakah yang dapat anda perhatikan pada bongkah plastisin selepasperlanggaran?

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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Diagram 8.1Rajah 8.1

Diagram 8.2Rajah 8.2

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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12 Diagrams 9.1(a) and 9.1(b) show an experiment to study the hardness of copper block and bronze block when the weights are dropped onto a steel ball. Rajah 9.1(a) dan 9.1(b) menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kekerasan blok kuprum dan blok gangsa apabila pemberat dijatuhkan ke atas bola keluli.

DIAGRAM 9.1(a)

Diagram 9.1(a) Diagram 9.1 (b)

The effects on the copper block and bronze block are shown in Diagram 9.2(a) and 9.2(b).Kesan pada blok kuprum dan blok gangsa ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.2(a) dan 9.2(b).

Copper block Bronze block Blok kuprum Blok Gangsa

DIAGRAM 9.2 (a) DIAGRAM 9.2 (b)

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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DentLekukan

Steel ballBola keluli

Copper blockBlok kuprum

WeightPemberat( 5 kg )

X 0.6 cm

Bronze blockBlok gangsa

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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13 Diagram 2(i) and Diagram 2(ii) shows the image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed at different distance.

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Constant

Manipulated

Responding

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Diagram 2(i)Rajah 2(i)

Diagram 2(ii)Rajah 2(ii)

object

image

object

image

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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14 Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show an experiment to study the characteristics of an image formed by a pin hole camera.Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji ciri imej yangdibentuk oleh satu kamera lubang jarum.

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1

Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.2

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

Manipulated

Responding

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Page 15: Variable Exercise

Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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AnswersJawapan:1

VariablePembolehubah

AnswerJawapan

ManipulatedDimanipulasikan

TimeMasa

RespondingBergerakbalas

Volume of gasIsipadu gas

2Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanManipulated

DimanipulasikanTemperature

suhuResponding

BergerakbalasSize of bacteria colony after 24 hoursSaiz koloni bakteria selepas 24 jam

3Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanManipulated

DimanipulasikanConcentration of antibiotic

Kepekatan antibiotikResponding

BergerakbalasGrowth of bacteria

Pertumbuhan bakteria

4Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanSize of convex lensSaiz kanta cembung

ManipulatedDimanipulasikan

Thickness of convex lensKetebalan kanta cembung

RespondingBergerakbalas

Focal length of convex lengthJarak fokus kanta cembung

5Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanManipulated

DimanipulasikanConcentration of antibiotic

Kepekatan antibiotikResponding

BergerakbalasSize of clear area

Saiz kawasan jernih

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Page 16: Variable Exercise

Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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6Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanVolume of nutrient broth// Volume of bacteria culture

Isipadu kultur bakteria// Isipadu kultur bakteriaManipulated

DimanipulasikanpH of mixturepH campuran

RespondingBergerakbalas

Cloudiness of mixtureKekeruhan campuran

7Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanMass of metal block

Ketinggian bongkah logamManipulated

DimanipulasikanType of metal block

Jenis bongkah logamResponding

BergerakbalasDepth of dent

Kedalaman lekuk

8Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanMass of metal// Concentration of hydrochloric acid

Jisim logam// Kepekatan asid hidroklorikManipulated

DimanipulasikanType of metalJenis logam

RespondingBergerakbalas

Volume of gas// reactivity of metalIsipadu gas // kereaktifan logam

9Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanSize of metal plate

Saiz plat logamManipulated

DimanipulasikanType of metalJenis logam

RespondingBergerakbalas

Reactivity of metal// Number of bubbleKereaktifan logam// Bilangan gelembung gas

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Program Galus Sains SPM Basic Scientific Skills Exercise- Variables

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10Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanMass of lead(II) bromide

Jisim plumbum(II) bromidaManipulated

DimanipulasikanPhysical state of lead (II) bromide

Keadaan fizikal plumbum (II) bromidaResponding

BergerakbalasAmmeter reading // electrical conductivity of lead (II) bromideBacaan ammeter// kekonduksian elektrik plumbum (II) bromida

11Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanSize of plasticine

Saiz plastisinManipulated

DimanipulasikanMass of trolley

Jisim troliResponding

BergerakbalasDepth of dent

Kedalaman lekuk

12Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanMass of weight// size of steel ballJisim pemberat// saiz bola keluli

ManipulatedDimanipulasikan

Type of blockJenis blok

RespondingBergerakbalas

Depth of dentKedalaman lekuk

13Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanConstant

DimalarkanSize of convex lensSaiz kanta cembung

ManipulatedDimanipulasikan

Distance of objectJarak objek

RespondingBergerakbalas

Size of imageSaiz imej

14Variable

PembolehubahAnswer

JawapanManipulated

DimanipulasikanDistance of object

Jarak objekResponding

BergerakbalasSize of image

Saiz imej

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