Vapour Absorption Machine - Basics - Upload

8/3/2019 Vapour Absorption Machine - Basics - Upload

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Who are you and what do you do?

y Vision To be a globally respected high performanceorganization offering sustainable solutionin energy and environment

Boilers &Heaters

AbsorptionCooling

Water &Waste

Solutions

Air PollutionControl

Chemicals

Cogeneration


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What is Cooling and what are the conventional methodsof cooling?

y Cooling Transfer of heat from source to sink by performingan external work; even a body @ -272*C has one more degreeof heat energy to be removed to achieve absolute zero (i.e.),0*K (or) -273*C

y 1 TR = 3024KCal = 3.52KW = amount of energy released by1ton ofice, when it melts to water, at 0*C

CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF COOLING:y Natural Refrigeration

E.g., Clay water pot, Sweating

y Mechanical Refrigeration Gas Refrigerators Vapour Refrigerators

Vapour Compression Vapour Absorption


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How does an Electrical Chiller work?

y Parts & Process involved: Evaporator - Refrigerant Vapourization Compressor - Refrigerant (Vapour Phase)

Compression Condenser - Refrigerant ---> Vapour to

Liquid Expansion Valve - Pressure Reducer / Throttling

Valve To help refrigerantachieve the requiredTemperature


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When should one go for an Absorption Chillerand how did a VAM evolve in Thermax?

y We would go for an Absorption Chiller: When excess heat source is available, for e.g., availability of excess

steam in a boiler When Heat is ineffectively dissipated into the atmosphere, for e.g.,

exhaust from a D.G, steam from a turbine outlet When the operational expenditure of VAM is very much lesser than

the VCM, for e.g., when the industry is facing issues with powersupply from the grid (high cost/frequent power cuts)

When the production cost of steam is almost negligible, for e.g., Insugar plants, they have a co-gen power plant by using the baggasse (aby-product of the process)

y Evolution of VAM technology in Thermax: 1984-87 Marketing tie-up with Sanyo, Japan 1988-94 Technology collaboration with Sanyo, Japan 1991-96 - Direct Fired Technology tie-up Kawasaki Till Date Installed over 3000 Machines in over 50 Countries

92% +92% +Market ShareMarket Share

in India


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Why should one go for an Absorption Chiller?

y We should go for an Absorption Chiller, because: It is a simple Heat Exchanger operating at different pressures, hence,

we can assure that it has an unmatched Reliability

It has a very less operating and maintenance cost, along with an

automatic and step-less modulation system It does not have any moving parts, hence, no noise, no vibration and

no dynamic load (Roof-top positioning is possible)

Waste heat is utilized usefully and in-turn, avoids the need forswitching to a HT connection and also avoids a DG runningespecially for the chilling purpose (the load on EB power and DG is

reduced to a huge extent) It operates on an environment friendly refrigerant (i.e.), CFC free,

ozone friendly machine

It is fully automated, hence, we require minimal amount of humanintervention


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What are the governing principles of a VAM?

y Working Materials Thermax VAM Refrigerant DM Water

Salt Lithium Bromide (LiBr)

Inhibitor Lithium Molybdate (Moly)

Performance Booster Octyl Alcoholy Boiling Point of Water is directly proportional to the

Vapour Pressure of the system @atm. Pressure (760mm of Hg) Water boils @100*C

In VAM, we maintain a shell pressure of 6mm of Hg, which

facilitates the water to boil @3.7*C

y Hygroscopic nature of Salt As we need to separate salt and water, it has to have a higher Vapour

pressure difference, hence, we use LiBr as the salt solution

The operating concentration of LiBr lies between 57-64% in Water


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How does an Absorption Machine work?

Parts & Process involved: Evaporator Refrigerant Vapourization

Absorber Refrigerant (Vapour)

Absorption by Absorbent Generator Regeneration of Refrigerant

& Absorbent

Condenser Liquefaction of Refrigerant

Totally we have 2 Shells:Lower Shell Evaporator and Absorber

Upper Shell Generator and Condenser


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Evaporator (Left Chamber) Vapourization of Refrigerant Heat Removal from Chilled Water


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Absorber (Right Chamber) Absorption of Refrigerant by absorbent Heat added to Cooling Water


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Generator(Top Right Chamber) - Regeneration of Refrigerant & Absorbent - Heat addition to Dil. Salt Soln.


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What makes Thermax VAMs more unique and reliable?

y Step-less Modulation - for a cooling load of 10 to 100%, the heat input can bemodulated without any drop in Efficiency

y Crystallization free m/c - pro-active, anti-crystallization mechanism is providedinstead of a Reactive Auto de-crystallizationmechanism using Online Concentration Control setup

y Split Evaporator Design - twin-evaporator is provided to improve the COP ofthe machine by 5% and capacity by 10%

y SS 430 Ti Generator Tubes - straight; plain; Titanium stabilized; Ferritic;Stainless Steel tubes in the HTG, to avoid thefailure of generator tubes due to the presence

of high temperature and concentrationy Canned Motor Pumps - the impeller and the motor are packaged in a single

shell, bolted construction

y Distributor Tray - gravity feed mechanism is paired up with the distributortray (nozzle is avoided) for the spray system


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Advanced Series Flow:

In a double effect machine, we split the flow of the dil. LiBr into twodifferent paths. One line would flow through LTHE, HTHE and thenflows to the HTG, whereas, the other line flows through the DHE andHR and mixes into the first line before reaching the HTG, in order tohave a maximum utilization of the heat input. The LTHE gets heated bythe incoming Abs. spray line, the HTHE gets heated by the Intermediatesolution coming out of the HTG, the DHE gets heated by the Vapourcoming out of the LTG and the HR gets heated by the steam coming outof the HTG. Thus, we can say that, Thermax VAMs have minimumamount of heat loss

What makes Thermax VAMs more unique and reliable?

Variable Flow Drive:VFD modulates the frequency input to the Abs. Pump, based on theGeneratorlevel, which subsequently avoids

1) frequent ON/OFF of Abs. Pump reduction in heat exchanger life2) excess heat input during part load conditions


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What do we offer and where we can/have offered?

We offer,y Steam Fired VAM 50 to 3500TR

y Exhaust Fired VAM 50 to 3500TR

y Direct Fired VAM 50 to 3000TR

y Hot Water Fired VAM 50 to 1150TR

We had offered to,

Breweries & Distilleries Chemical Industry

Commercial Centers Dairy & Confectionary Educational Institutions Engineering & Electronic Industry Hotels & Hospitality

Medical Centers Paper Plants

Pharmaceuticals Power Plants Refineries & Petro-chemicals Steel Plants Super Markets & Malls

Combination of two orthree heat sources arepossible:

COGENIE or TRIGENIE


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What do those Abbreviations mean?

Abs.COP

*CDGHT

HTGHTHE

Kg/scmLTGLiBr

LTHE

m/cSS

SCVTR

VAMVCM

AbsorbentCo-efficient Of Performance

degree CelsiusDiesel Generator

High Transmission

High Temperature GeneratorHigh Temperature Heat Exchanger

kilogram/square centimeterLow Temperature Generator

Lithium BromideLow Temperature Heat Exchanger

machineStainless Steel

Steam Control ValveTonnage of Refrigeration

Vapour Absorption MachineVapour Compression Machine


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I have more queries, how can I get them cleared?

y Thank you for your patient viewing & hearing

y We hope that we have answered the questions whichmay rise, when you think of an absorption machine.

If you have any of the feasible scenarios for anabsorption machine, we are always on your search-list. We would be very much delighted to work inone- breath with you for a greener, energy efficientfuture

y For anymore queries, please feel free to contact therespective regional sales engineer or visit

www.thermaxindia.com and post your query

y The contact details are given below


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Vapour Absorption Machine - Basics - Upload

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