Vanilla Bean Volatile Analysis - Spectra...
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Vanilla Bean Volatile AnalysisOrigin & Species
Vanilla Bean Volatile AnalysisOrigin & Species
J. Mark Black, Ph.D.
Spectra Flavor & Fragrance Research, LLC
J. Mark Black, Ph.D.
Spectra Flavor & Fragrance Research, LLC
We Interrupt This Program…We Interrupt This Program…
! Topic has changed from the abstract
– Difficulty of presenting applications.
– Current topic more in-line with our work.
! Topic has changed from the abstract
– Difficulty of presenting applications.
– Current topic more in-line with our work.
Production of Vanilla Is ChangingProduction of Vanilla Is Changing
! More plentiful
! Different origins
– Madagascar, Indonesia, Tahitian, Comoros
– PNG, Uganda, India, Mexico, Tahiti, Hawaii
! Different species
– Vanilla planifolia
– Vanilla tahitensis
– PNG Hybrid?
! More plentiful
! Different origins
– Madagascar, Indonesia, Tahitian, Comoros
– PNG, Uganda, India, Mexico, Tahiti, Hawaii
! Different species
– Vanilla planifolia
– Vanilla tahitensis
– PNG Hybrid?
ObjectivesObjectives
! Identify and compare volatile compounds
– Beans from different origins! Madagascar
! Indonesia
! Mexico
! PNG
! Tahiti
– Beans from different species! Planifolia vs. Tahitensis vs. PNG
! Identify “flavor-active” compounds
! Identify and compare volatile compounds
– Beans from different origins! Madagascar
! Indonesia
! Mexico
! PNG
! Tahiti
– Beans from different species! Planifolia vs. Tahitensis vs. PNG
! Identify “flavor-active” compounds
Volatile CollectionVolatile Collection
! Beans chopped
– 9 grams, 2 beans
– 0.5 cm pieces
! Solid Phase Micro-Extraction - “Twister”
– 30 minute exposure
– Binds volatile compounds
– Releases with heat
! Beans chopped
– 9 grams, 2 beans
– 0.5 cm pieces
! Solid Phase Micro-Extraction - “Twister”
– 30 minute exposure
– Binds volatile compounds
– Releases with heat
CaveatsCaveats
! This Is One Set– Not a comprehensive study of bean variability
! Bean Handling Was Not Controlled– Madagascan, PNG and Indonesian - atmospheric
packaging
– Mexican and Tahitian - vacuum packaging! higher moisture
! Twister method ‘semi-quantitative’– Only headspace volatiles
– Trapping can be affected by environment - bias
! This Is One Set– Not a comprehensive study of bean variability
! Bean Handling Was Not Controlled– Madagascan, PNG and Indonesian - atmospheric
packaging
– Mexican and Tahitian - vacuum packaging! higher moisture
! Twister method ‘semi-quantitative’– Only headspace volatiles
– Trapping can be affected by environment - bias
Volatile CollectionVolatile Collection
300mL Mason Jar
Twister
Petri DishVanilla sample
Teflon Gauze
Volatile IdentificationVolatile Identification
! Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
– Compound separation & identification
! Gas-Chromatography/Olfactometry
– Flavor-active compounds
! Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
– Compound separation & identification
! Gas-Chromatography/Olfactometry
– Flavor-active compounds
Madagascan VanillaMadagascan Vanilla
Acetic AcidAcetoin
Guaiacol Vanillin2,3-Butanediol
NonanalButyrolactone
Diacetyl
Methyl cinnamate
ButterChlorophyll
Green Peas
Citrus
Strong
Antiseptic/Vanilla
VanillinVanilla
Yogurt
CreamMilk
ChocolateSweet
Creamy
Furfural
Benzaldehyde
Brown
Fruit
Puttylicorice
1,3-Butanediol
Vanillin and GuaiacolVanillin and Guaiacol
OH
OCH3
CHO
OH
OCH3
VanillinGuaiacol
Odor Threshold ~ 100ppm Odor Threshold ~ 0.1ppb
IndonesianIndonesian
Acetic Acid
3-methyl butanal
1,3-Butanediol
2,3-Butanediol
Furfural
Hexanal
Amyl furan
Octanal
Anise alcohol
Anisaldehyde
Vanillin
Butter
Green
Cut Grass
Faint Creamy/Vanilla
Green BeansCitrus
Chocolate
Strong
Antiseptic/Vanilla
Vanilla
YogurtNutty
Brown Fruit
Vanillin
Guaiacol
MexicanMexicanAcetic Acid
Acetoin
Green
Formic Acid
Diacetyl
me-butanals
Pentanal
Hexanal
Furfural
Heptanal
!-Butyrolactone
Benzaldehyde
PentylfuranDecane
Octanal
"-Cresol
Guaiacol
NonanalDodecane
Decanal/
Dodecanal
Vanillin
Geranyl-
acetone
Undecanol
Rancid
Butter Faint Creamy Vanilla
RottenBrussel
Sprout
Mushroom
CitrusCotton Candy
Strong
Antiseptic/VanillaChocolate
Vanilla Yogurt
Caramel/Nutty
Brown FruitVanillin
Methyl Cinnamate
PNGPNGDiacetylAcetic AcidEthyl Acetate
me-butanals
Acetoin
3-me-1-butanol
2-me-1-butanol
Furfural
Octanal
"-Cresol
"-me-anisole
Guaiacol
Nonanal
Menthol
Methyl salicylateNapthalene Anisaldehyde
"-Anise alcohol
Methyl cinnamate
Vanillin
"-Anisyl acetate
t-caryophyllene
Butter
Licorice
PaintFruity
Green
CitrusFaint Creamy Vanilla Strong
Antiseptic/Vanilla
Chocolate
Nutty
Vanilla Yogurt
Licorice
Vanillin
Toffee
TahitianTahitian
ButterLicorice
PaintCreamy
Green
Green
Beans
CitrusVanilla Yogurt
Licorice
Vanillin
ToffeeNutty
Chocolate
Fruity
Faint
Vanilla
Faint
Buttery
Diacetyl
Acetic Acid
me-butanals
Pentanal
Acetoin
Hexanal
Furfural
Heptanal
BenzaldehydeOctanal
Limonene
Nonanal
Decanal
Menthol
Ethyl Octanoate
Methyl Salicylate
Dodecanal
Anisaldehyde Anise Alcohol
Anisyl Acetate
Vanillin
Methyl - "-Anisate
Vanillin and GuaiacolVanillin and Guaiacol
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG
Vanillin
Guaiacol
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG
Vanillin
Guaiacol
Are
a c
ount X
1000
Menthol & Anisic CompoundsMenthol & Anisic Compounds
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG
Are
a c
ount X
1000
Butter CompoundsButter Compounds
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG
Diacetyl
Acetoin
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG
Diacetyl
Acetoin
Are
a c
ount X
1000
Acetic AcidAcetic Acid
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Madagascar Indonesia Mexico Tahiti PNG
Are
a c
ount X
1000
In SummaryIn Summary
! Beans are clearly different
! Vanillin is only part of the story
! PNG more similar to Tahitian - New Hybrid?
! Method - Useful for screening?
! Opportunities for new vanillas
! Beans are clearly different
! Vanillin is only part of the story
! PNG more similar to Tahitian - New Hybrid?
! Method - Useful for screening?
! Opportunities for new vanillas
ThanksThanks
! Jean-Paul Schirlé-Keller
! Daniel Martinez
! Jean-Paul Schirlé-Keller
! Daniel Martinez