Van de an Chay - Tam Dieu

8/3/2019 Van de an Chay - Tam Dieu

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VN N CHAYBi Thuyt Trnh ca C S Tm Diu ti Pht Hc ng Vn Hnh Cha

Quc T OnlineLc 5 gi chiu gi min Ty Hoa K ngy 18-12-2004(8 gi sng gi Vit Nam ngy Ch Nht 19-12-2004)

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http://thuvienhoasen.orgChuyn sang ebook 8-8-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc Lc NGHA CA CH N CHAY

PHN TH NHT - N CHAY QUA LNG KNH KHOA HCMC CH CA S N CHAYPHN LOI N CHAYS LI CH CA S N CHAYN CHAY NG PHNG PHP

PHN TH HAI - N CHAY TRONG O PHTMC CH N CHAY CA O PHTS LI CH CA N CHAY

NHNG VN NHY CM LIN QUAN N N CHAY TRONGO PHTS KHC BITVN N THT TH SAO ?C PHT C THA NHN CHUYN N THT KHNG?KINH BC TNG NI V VN N THTC PHI PHT TCH DIT V N THT CHNG?V SAO C S KHC BIT

PHN TH BA - TR LI NHNG THC MC V N CHAY(1) DO N CHAY KHNG NG PHNG PHP(2) DO S THAY I MI TRNG SNG

(3) DO KHNG TP TH DC HAY TP TH DC KHNG UN

BI THUYT TRNH V VN N CHAYPHN TH NHTPHN TH HAIPHN TH BA


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Ni dung ca bui thuyt trnh ngy hm nay ca chng ti gm c ba phn:(1) n chay qua lng knh khoa hc tc quan nim v n chay ca ngi Ty

phng, (2) n chay trong o Pht, v (3) tr li nhng thc mc lin quann vn n chay. Trc khi i vo ba mc chnh, chng ti xin ni squa v t ng n chay.

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NGHA CA CH N CHAY

Theo quan nim dn gian ca ngi Vit Nam chng ta, khi ni n n chayl n nhng cht thanh tnh, khng n tht c v cc th cay nng thuc loing v tn (hnh, h, ti, kiu v hng c). Nu dng c tht v ng v tn,ngi ta gi l n mn. Nhng tht ra, ch "Chay" nguyn y vn l chTrai, c ngha l thanh tnh.

Ch Trai cn c ngha l thi thc, tc l n trc gi Ng, nu n qu nggi l phi thi thc. Thi i Pht Gio Nguyn Thu v thi i b phiPht gio, Trai thc l ch ba n trc gi Ng. Thi i Pht Gio PhtTrin tc Pht Gio Bc Truyn hay Pht Gio Bc Tng, pht khi t tng t bi khng git hi sinh mng chng sinh, Trai thc chuyn sangngha T thc. T thc ngha l khng n tht. Gi y ni n chay, tr trai

l theo ngha ny.i nghch vi ch n chay l n mn. n mn y khng c ngha l nmui nhiu m l "n Mng" ch s n sinh mng cc loi ng vt. Lungy ngi ta ni tri ra thnh n mn, hay cng l trnh ch n mng(chng sinh), nghe khng c thoi mi.

i vi ngi Hoa K, nhng ngi n chay gi chung gm hai loi lvegetarian v vegan. T ng vegetarian dng ch nhng ngi khngn tht cc loi ng vt. Tht ng vt c h nh ngha l tht cc loi

sinh vt c cm gic v t c ng c, tc l cc sinh vt bit i, bit b,bit c quy, bit bay v bit bi. Nhng h c th n trng v ung sa.Cn vegan l nhng vegetarian khng n trng, khng ung sa v cc thc

phm lm bng sa nh b, ph mt, tm li, vegan khng dng bt k chtg c ly ra t c th loi vt.

Knh tha qu v, tha cc bn,


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Hin nay Vit Nam, c mt v ging s trong ging s on ca gio hi ngh chng ta khng nn dng t ng n chay v n mn cng nh t ngTiu Tha v i Tha; v nhng t ng ny c tnh cch chia r, k th.Chng ti suy ngh mi m cng cha tm ra t ng thch hp thay tht ng n chay nn vn gi nguyn ch n chay trong bi thuyt trnh ny.

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PHN TH NHT - N CHAY QUA LNG KNH KHOA HC

MC CH CA S N CHAY

Mc ch n chay ca phn ln ngi Hoa K ni ring v ngi TyPhng ni chung l bo v sc kho v bo v mi sinh. Nhng cng trnhnghin cu khoa hc so snh hai ch n ung -- ch n tht v ch

n chay -- v h tm ra nhiu bng chng cho thy ch dinh dngchay c nhiu li ch sc kho hn l ch n tht.

Theo nhng nghin cu ny th n chay khng nhng gip thn th ckhe mnh, tinh thn vui ti m s lm cho th gii tr nn tt p hn.H trng ra nhng kt qu ca s nghin cu, th d nh, khi nhu cu n thtgim, ngi ta s khng duy tr nhng tri chn nui khng l m cht phthi lm nhim khng kh v nc ung; cc cht st trng v cht hahc dng ty ra c s chn nui, chung tri, lm cn ci t ai, lm

thay i bu kh quyn; sc vt n mi phn ng cc sn xut c mtphn tht lm hao tn thc phm l ra c th c dng cung cp chodn chng ca nhng x ngho i.

Cc nh khoa hc tnh "c mi pound tht b bn n l 220 square feetrng cy nhit i vng Trung M b ph hy v s ph hy ny cungcp 500 pounds kh cc-bon ai-c-xai vo bu kh quyn". Bc s Neal D.Barnard, ch tch y Ban Y S Trch Nhim Y Khoa Hoa K, cng nhnmnh rng, "nu bn l ngi n tht, bn ang gp phn vo vic ph hymi trng sinh sng trn tri t, du bn bit hay khng bit.

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PHN LOI N CHAY

Hin nay c nhiu loi n chay khc nhau trn th gii, nhng i vo chi titth c nm loi n chay c sp loi theo nhu cu v s thch. Trc ycc nh dinh dng phn ra lm bn loi n chay, nay thm mt loi n chayna hin kh ph bin ti Hoa K. Nm loi n chay l:

(1) Vegan (n chay thun tu tc n chay rng): Nhng ngi ny khng ncc thc phm c ngun gc t cc loi ng vt, tc l khng n bt c loitht ng vt no, khng n trng, khng ung sa v khng n cc sn

phm ca sa, khng n mt ong, cng nh khng tiu dng cc vt dng clin h ti s sng ca con vt nh mc o la dt bng t, o len dt bnglng cu, o lng th, mang giy, bp, v bng da c su, hoc da b.

(2) Lacto Vegetarians (n chay c sa): Nhng ngi ny khng n thtng vt v trng, nhng dng thm sa v cc ph sn ca sa nh b, phmt.

(3) Ovo Vegetarians (n chay c trng): Nhng ngi ny khng n thtng vt v khng ung sa, nhng c dng thm trng.

(4) Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians (n chay c trng v sa): Nhng ngi nykhng n tht ng vt, nhng n trng, ung sa v cc ph sn ca sanh b, ph mt.

(5) Partime vegetarians (n chay bn phn) hay cn gi l n chay uynchuyn (flexitarians).

Hin nay ti Hoa K, c khong 12 triu ri ngi n chay. Ch ngha nchay ang i vo dng sinh hot chnh ca ngi dn Hoa K v c khuynhhng thnh hnh cc nc ang pht trin.

Vy th hi n chay c li ch g m cng ngy cng nhiu ngi n chay?

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S LI CH CA S N CHAY

min Nam California c mt bnh vin kh ni ting thuc vin i hcUniversity of Loma Linda. l bnh vin Loma Linda, mang tn thnh


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ph Loma Linda, mt tnh nh khng xa qun Cam ca ngi Vit. Bnhvin v vin i hc u thuc gio phi Tin Lnh C c Gio (Seventh-Day Adventist). Tn o ny ch trng n chay, tuy rng h cng nchay theo nhiu kiu khc nhau nh trn ni. Gn trng i hc l mtsiu th ln cng mang tn Loma Linda, bn ton chay, khng bn tht c,khng bn ru v thuc l. Mt iu kh c bit l bnh nhn cng nha s bc s v nhn vin bnh vin y u n chay. Theo cc cucnghin cu c lp cho bit tn thuc gio phi ny t b cht v bnh timhn s ng ngi M khc. Cc nh khoa hc, sau nhiu chc nm nghincu tm thy nhiu bng chng l n chay c nhng iu li nh sau:

(1) Bt b bnh tim mch

Nhng ngi n chay, nht l n chay thun tu, c hm lng cholesterol

rt thp. iu ny cng d hiu, v thc phm ch to t ngun thc vtkhng nhng khng c cholesterol, m cng c rt t cht bo bo ha(saturated fat), l nguyn do chnh lm tng cholesterol "xu" trong mu.V vy nu mun gim bt ri ro b bnh tim mch nh tai bin mch muno, b stroke, th n chay rt c li. Tuy vy cng cn nh l c mt s thcvt nh du da, nc ct da hay du palm chng hn, c rt nhiu cht

bo bo ha (khng tt). Ngoi ra n chay loi n trng ung sa m lmdng n nhiu trng, ung nhiu sa, th va mp li va d caocholesterol.

(2) Bt b bnh cao p huyt

Nhiu cuc nghin cu khoa hc v thng k cho thy ngi n chay thngc huyt p bnh thng, i khi thp hn bnh thng. Nguyn do ti saon chay li phng nga c chng cao p huyt th cha bit c chnhxc. Tuy nhin, cng c th do li sng hng ngy ca ngi n chay, cnhng ngi n chay, (khng phi l tt c) c cuc sng rt n gin thoimi, ch ring iu ny cng gip cho huyt p bnh thng ri.

(3) Bt b bnh ng rut

Ngi n chay t b to bn. iu ny cng d hiu v thc phm gc thcvt c nhiu cht x (fiber), li c s lng nhiu v mm hn, lu thngqua ng rut mau hn. Thm vo , nhng ngi n chay t b bnhmng rut mc chi (diverticulosis), tc l c nhng ti, bng nh li ra tmng rut, nhiu khi sinh vim, au bng nh au rut d.


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(4) Bt bo ph

Ngi n chay t b mp, mt phn v thc phm rau u nhiu cht x hn,dung lng ln hn, nn n nhiu nhng khng thu nhp nhiu nng lngcalori vo c th. Tuy nhin, nu dng nhiu ng v tinh bt, s sinhnhiu nng lng (calori) m c th khng hot ng tiu xi nnglng th s sinh mp v t sinh ra cc vn sc khe khc. Vic bo

ph v tng m mu nhng ngi n chay trng l do ch n chaythiu cn i, khng ng phng php; qu tha cht ng v tinh btdn n vic to nn qu nhiu m thc vt trglyceride. Trong khi ,cholesterol li c xu hng thp hn v lm gim nhiu cholesterol c li,cn cholesterol xu li tng ln. Cng nn ni thm, khng phi c n chaym c c th thon gn. Nhiu ngi n chay nhng li thiu vn ng cth v king tht, king tm c m li i n nhng thc n chin xo

nhiu du chng hn v n trng ming sau ba n bng bnh ngt vi crem th li cn nhiu calori hn tht na.

(5) Bt b bnh ung th v, ung th kt trng v ung th nhip h tuyn

(6) Bt b bnh xp xng

(7) Bt b bnh tiu ng

Theo Hc Vin Quc Gia Bnh Tiu ng-Tiu Ha v Thn (the National

Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), mt chng trnhluyn tp th dc u n kt hp vi mt ch n chay c th gim 58%nguy c b bnh tiu ng loi II v t ra hiu qu hn vic ung thuc.

Theo cc nh khoa hc cho bit n chay, nhng m phi n chay ng cch,ng phng php mi mang li nhiu li ch cho sc kho nh chng tiva trnh by. Nu theo c ch n chay c t cholesterol, t cht bo

bo ho, nhiu cht bo khng bo ho, nhiu vitamin C, E s gip chngoxy ha, gim hm lng cholesterol trong mu v gip ngn nga cnhiu th bnh.

Nu n chay khng ng cch, khng ng phng php c th dn n tnhtrng bo ph v bnh tiu ng, cng nh cc bnh v tim mch. Thc

phm chay ngy nay c bin ch cho ph hp vi khu v ngi n nnrt ngon, khng thua km g thc n mn.


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Chng ti thy cc quy thc phm chay trong cc nh hng chay ti thnhph Saigon, Vit Nam v ti thnh ph Little Saigon, tiu bang California,Hoa K trng by kh nhiu mn chay gi mn lm t ht u nnh v ccloi thc phm ng cc giu tinh bt nh cc mn cm chin Dng Chu,m xo gin, rau ci xo nm ng c, ph p cho, ch gi, c kho t, canhchua Thi Lan..v..v. c nu vi mt lng kh nhiu du, ng, ncct da, bt ngt... Cc mn ny n rt ngon ming nn c nhiu ngi achung, nhng li l ngun cung cp nng lng (calorie) kh ln, d pht

ph, khng my tt cho sc kho, nu n thng xuyn.

Thm vo , do thc n chay tiu ha nhanh, khin ngi n c cm gicmau i, phi n thm cm, hoc m si trong ba n chnh hoc n tngcng thm ba ph trong gi ngh gii lao (nh potato chip, corn chip..).y cng l mt nguyn nhn khin ngi n chay d bo ph.

Cc loi n chay u c th cung cp nhu cu nng lng v cc chtdinh dng cn thit nu c thc hin ng phng php.

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N CHAY NGPHNGPHP

n chay c xem l ng cch, ng phng php khi chng (thc phmchay) cung cp cho c th chng ta mt s nng lng va cn thit

hot ng v tng trng. D n chay theo loi no th di gc dinhdng cng phi hi ba yu t c bn:

(Th nht) n a dng nhiu loi thc phm. Trong khu phn n hngngy, nu thiu mt thnh phn no lu di, d gy bnh nh thiu ccloi vitamin A, B2, C, D, E v cht x c th dn n ung th rut v ddy. Nn nh l khng c bt k mt loi thc phm n c no bao hmy cc cht dinh dng m c th cn n.

(Th hai) n cc loi thc phm cng t ch bin hoc cha ch bin cng

c li v dinh dng. C qua mt ln ch bin th cht dinh dng ca thcphm b gim i do qu trnh chuyn ho. V d nh go c ch bin chotrng v qua qu trnh nh bng go, lm mt i rt nhiu cht dinhdng nm ngoi v ht go. Cc loi ng cc khc cng vy v rau tri cyti tt hn tri cy ng hp.


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(Th ba) n chng mc, tc l khng nn n qu nhiu mt loi thc phmhoc n qu t mt loi v khng n qu no hoc qu i v trnh nnhanh, nut vi.

Ni mt cch khc, n chay ng cch c ngha l n nhiu loi rau, u,ht, c, tri cy khc nhau v ng cc cha bin ch, n t hoc l khng nnn nhng thc n c cha nhiu cht bo bo ha, ng, tinh bt v khngnn n thng xuyn cc thc phm chay bin ch cng nghip (cng nnni thm l thc phm chay cng nghip bin ch ngy nay rt a dng c

bin ch qua nhiu khu x l nn cht dinh dng b tht thot nhiu).


Trn y l ba yu t c bn trong vic n chay to s cn i v bo

m ngun dinh dng trong c th v cho mt sc khe tt.Mt s ngi vn lm tng n chay s thiu dinh dng, nhng thc tkhoa hc chng minh khng phi nh vy. Vic thiu dinh dng v gyra mt s bnh l do chng ta n khng ng cch v thiu hp l v dinhdng. Thng ngi Vit nam chng ta s dng ng cc nhiu hn, nhtl cm go trng, cc loi bn, bnh ph v cc loi bnh khc lm t btgo, nh bnh canh, bnh c, bnh xo, nn xy ra tnh trng d tha nnglng t ng cc. Nu khng s dng ht nng lng d tha ny qua cchot ng th lc th rt d bo ph v d sinh ra bnh tiu ng. V th

yu t cn bng dinh dng l iu cn thit. Nn n nhiu rau, u, tri cyhn l ng cc. BS. Nguyn Th Kim Hng, gim c Trung Tm DinhDng TP. HCM a ra mt t l hp l v ng cc v rau u l 4/6 hay3/7. T l ny c ngha l bn phn ng cc (t bin ch hay cha bin ch)v su phn rau u tri cy hay ba phn ng cc (t bin ch hay cha binch) v by phn rau u tri cy.

Cng c mt s ngi n chay lo ngi rng ch n chay d bt c loino cng s nh hng khng tt i vi sc kho do khng y chtm (protein). iu ny hon ton khng ng v cc nh dinh dng cho

bit hm lng cht m trong ch n chay nhiu hn nhu cu dinhdng theo khuyn ngh ca B Nng Nghip Hoa K. Tuy nhin thc nc ngun gc thc vt tuy giu cht m nhng c loi li khng y acidamino thit yu (ngoi tr u nnh). Th d nh lysine c trong go, bp,la m; threonine c trong go; tryptophan c trong bp v methionine trongcc loi u. V th cc nh dinh dng khuyn co ngi n chay nn s


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dng a dng cc loi cht m thc vt cho cn i v mt dinh dng.Th d nh xi np lc nu vi u en, u hay ht sen, n vi mui m,

bnh m lt sandwich nu (nguyn cm) pht b u phng, sp u lentil,u lima, u en hay u n vi bnh m nu. Cm go lc nu vi utrng, u xanh, u ng hay u . Hn hp nh th va ngon li va b.

Mt iu hiu lm thng gp ni ngi n chay l h c ngh rng ch csa b mi c th b li c nhng cht c trong tht. Trn thc t, khng

phi sa b v cc ph sn t sa u c hm lng cht st, cht km vkhong cht khc. Trong khi , ch cn 2 n 3 khu phn u trng, uxanh hay u en mi ngy l m bo cung cp y .

n chay ng phng php s khng c tnh trng thiu mu. Tuy nhin,nu thiu mu l do thiu st, km, do thiu cn bng dinh dng. Nn n

nhiu rau qu (c bit l cam, chanh, da , t, c chua, bng ci xanh...).Rau qu c nhiu vitamin C, gip tng cng hp thu st v ln t c tcdng ngn cn hp thu st ca acid phytic, acid oxalic, acid tannic...

D vy, loi n chay trng thun tu Vegan, nu n ng phng php vnc th thiu Vitamin B12 do thc phm rau u khng c loi vitamin ny.Thiu vitamin B12 c th gy nn tnh trng thiu hng huyt cu hoc cth dn n bnh dy thn kinh. Tuy nhin, hin nay c mt s cng ty sau nnh Hoa K sn xut sa u nnh c pha trn thm cc loi vitaminB12, A, D v Calcium v cc loi thc n sng cereal cng c pha trn thm

vitamin B12; nn nhng ngi n chay khng phi bn tm nhiu v thiuvitamin B12. Tt hn ht nhng ngi n chay trng thun tu v nhngngi n chay l ph n mang thai, ph n cho con b v nhng ngi caotui nn b sung vitamin B12 hay multi-vitamin hng ngy.

Ni tm li nhng ngi n chay thun tu v n chay trng cn phi sdng a dng nhiu loi thc n giu cht km, cht st mi ngy nh ccht h u, rau l xanh m v tri cy ti ln sy kh. Ng cc nguynht cng l mt thnh phn khng th thiu. Go lc v la m nguyn cmcn c xem l ch lc trong cc ba n hng ngy. Nn trnh hay hn chn cc loi bnh m kp sandwich trng, bnh m Php, cm go trng haycc sn phm ng cc tinh luyn.

Cng nn ni thm, gn y c nhiu thng tin xu v u nnh, to shoang mang cho nhng ngi tiu th. Nhng ngun thng tin ny ccc nh khoa hc xp vo loi thng tin nhiu nhm nh ph k ngh


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trng u nnh Hoa K. u nnh rt tt cho c th. Ngi dn Okinawac rt nhiu ngi sng trng th v kho mnh nht th gii. Phn ln ldo n u nnh (60 gram u nnh v cc sn phm t u nnh trong ban hng ngy). Chng ti khuyn khch mi ngi s dng nhiu unnh v cc sn phm t u nnh. Bc s Nguyn Th Kim Hng, gimc Trung Tm Dinh Dng TP. HCM ni vi 11 triu dn thnh phSaigon nh vy trong mt cuc hi ngh v dinh dng.

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PHN TH HAI - N CHAY TRONG O PHT

MC CH N CHAY CA OPHT

C ngi hi mc ch n chay ca o Pht c ging mc ch n chay ca

ngi Hoa K ni ring v ngi Ty Phng ni chung khng?

Chng ti xin tha ngay l mc ch n chay ca nhng ngi theo o Phtkhng ging mc ch n chay ca ngi Ty Phng. Mc ch n chayca o Pht l tn trng v bo v s sng. Tn trng s sng l c imca Pht gio. Khng st sanh l gii lut nhm bo v s sng y v nchay i vi nhng ngi theo o Pht chnh l s thc hnh c th choc im y.

o Pht xem s sng l ti thng, l trn tt c. Ht thy ci g c ssng, c cm gic v t c ng c, t con giun, con d n con b, convoi l ngi Pht t phi dc lng bo v s sng y. Nhn y chng ticng tha vi qu v l, mc du c Pht c th cho php n tht trongmt s iu kin c bit no , mt thi im hay mt ni no ,nhng iu ch yu ca gio l o Pht l T Bi i vi mi loi chngsanh, thng xt tt c mun loi chng sanh. V th, nu thc phm c scht ca chng sanh th tt hn l khng nn n. Do mi gi o Pht lo t bi. V cng do o Pht l o t bi nn c Pht dy cc tca Ngi l khng c git hi, cng khng c vin dn bt c l do no

git hi chng sanh, v mi chng sanh cng u ham sng v s cht.

Chng ti cn nh mt v cao Tng Pht gio ging dy rng: "Git ssng nui s sng l m mui m v tham sng nn hi s sng cng lv minh. Cho nn tn trng s sng khng nhng bng cch gip nhau sng cn, m cn c khi phi hy sinh s sng bo v s sng, nghal c khi tiu cc nh n chay cu mun loi, c khi tch cc nh


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"thay kh cho chng sanh" cu vn loi. o Pht c bit ch trngv nu cao ch ngha li tha, nhng ch li y l phi hng v mc chtn trng s sng." Tht l thm su khi ngi ni v mc ch n chay cao Pht nh vy.

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S LI CH CA N CHAY

Mc ch n chay ca ngi Ty Phng m phn ln l bo v sc khecho bn thn, khc vi mc ch ca Pht gio, tuy rng cng c mt sngi (khong 4% ca 12,5 triu ngi) l c mc ch tng t nh oPht. Bc s Albert Schweitzer, ngi ot gii Nobel v ha bnh idin cho nhng ngi ny. ng ni rng: "khng git sinh vt k c cntrng, khng n bt c ci g m trc kia tng sng." (Animal, Natureand Albert Schweitzer, page 40).

Knh tha qu v, v lng t bi khng st hi chng sinh, ngi Pht t nchay khng nhng c c nhng li ch trong hin ti m c trong i sngtng lai na.

(Th 1) Thn th c mnh khe; tinh thn c nh nhng, trong sch; trtu c minh mn tu hnh.

(Th 2) Khng gy nhn git hi, s khng b qu bo.Ngoi ra, n chay khng nhng c li ch cho c nhn, m cn c li chchung cho cng ng l em li an lc ho bnh cho x hi, cho quc giav cho th gii. C nhn ni:

"Nht th chng sanh v st nghip,H su th gii ng ao binh".

(Nu tt c chng sanh khng st hi ln nhau, th s g th gii c chin

tranh).Tht vy ngi n chay, vi tm t bi, lun lun trn qu s sng ca munloi chng sinh, lun lun hng tm v s an nguy ca chng sinh th skhng n tm tn st ng loi t mc ch li danh.


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NHNG VN NHY CMLIN QUAN N N CHAY TRONGOPHT

Chng ti ang trnh by v mt trong nhng im c sc ca o Pht ltn trng v bo v s sng. o Pht m chng ti mun ni y baogm tt c cc trng phi, cc b phi v cc tng phi Pht Gao. Tt cu tha nhn im c bit v quan trng ny, u tha nhn v chp hnhgii cm st sinh.

Theo gii cm th nht ny, c Pht dy chng ta khng c lm tnthng n mi loi chng sinh. Trong k 131 kinh Php C c Pht dyrng: "K no tm hnh phc cho mnh bng cch hnh h chng sinhkhc -- cng mong cu hnh phc --, k y s khng c hnh phc".V th theo Pht gio, s khng git hi v khng lm tn thng n chngsinh rt l quan trng.

Kinh Php C k 129 v 130 ni rng, "Tt c u s hi trc him nguy,tt c u qu trng i sng. Hy ly lng ta suy lng ngi. Khng nn

git, cng khng nn lm cho kkhc b git".

Knh tha qu v. Theo Pht gio, tt c mi loi nh loi c bi li, loi th

vt i hay b trn t, loi chim bay trn tri; u l cc loi c cm gic,khng th b git hi hay lm b thng. Pht t khng th l nhng ngi isn bn, nh c, nh by, nhn vin ca cc l st sinh, v m x ng vtsng.

Vy lm th no bo v s sng v lm th no thi hnh gii khngc st sinh. Khng lm nhng ngh gy tn hi n chng sinh l chngta thc hnh ri chng? Cha , v ch l chnh nghip trong BtChnh o, nhng vn cn phi n tht hng ngy v mt s ng cho rngn tht nui s sng, tha mn nhu cu n ung hng ngy. H

qun rng trong Bt chnh o, ngai chnh nghip cn c chnh mng,chnh mng tc l nui mng sng chn chnh. Nu git hi chng sanhlm thc phm nui sng thn mng th khng phi l chnh mng.

l vn n tht, mt vn gy nhiu tranh lun, khng phi ngy naymi c m c t thi c Pht v tr thnh vn nhy cm trong cngng Pht gio mi khi ni n n chay, n mn. Nhy cm n ni c khi


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tranh lun thnh tranh ci v bin thnh ru rao nh nhng cu ngi tathng ni: n mn ni ngay cn hn n chay ni di . V n ni mtv ging s trong gio hi Pht gio Vit Nam hin nay nh chng ti ni, ngh khng nn dng t n chay v n mn na.

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S KHC BIT

Cng tha nhn nguyn tc tn trng v bo v s sng, cng chp hnhgii lut khng st sinh nhm bo v s sng, nhng chnh sch c th chp hnh th khc nhau.

Nhng ngi n chay tu theo Pht Gio Bc Tng th cho rng n chay lchnh sch c th, thc hnh gii lut khng st sinh, mc du c tnhcch gin tip v tiu cc. Gii lut u tin dnh cho mt Pht t l:

thc c nhng s kh au do s st hi gy ra, ti xin hc theohnh i bi bo v s sng ca mi ngi v mi loi. Ti nguynkhng git hi bt k sinh vt no, khng tn thnh s git hi, v khng kkhc git hi, d l trong tm tng hay trong cch sng hng ngyca ti .

Li ca c Pht ghi li trong cc kinh sch Nguyn Thu rt r rng:

Ch c st sinh, ch c khuyn khch st sanh, ch c chp nhn stsanh, ch c lm hi cc sinh vt nh b trong nc, thm ch ch c ptrn c xanh. Hnh ng n tht l khuyn khch cc ngnh cng nghiplin i to ra nhng hnh ng tn c v gy ra ci cht cho hng h sa ssc vt. Mt ngi c lng t bi nhn hu cn phi lm du i nhng niau kh bng cch khng n tht. n chay bo v s sng, nuidng lng t bi, khng cn cnh tng con b, tng con heo, ht con nyri ti con khc b y vo l st sinh, hay cnh hng trm, hng ngn, hngvn con g b y vo my ct ct c v nh lng.

Ngy xa c mt thi s vit v bt canh tht:

Ngn nm qua mt bt canhOn su bin c hn thnh non cao

Mun hay ngun gc binh aoLng nghe qun tht ting go thu m.


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Ch cn nhn vo trong bt canh v ming tht trong , ch cn nhn vo nisoup ra-gu hm tht, ngi ta s thy c nim on hn ca cc loi b tnst; ni on hn ny su nh bin, ln nh ni. Nu mun bit c bncht ca chin tranh hin ang xy ra trn th gii, t A ph Hn n minTrung ng, ch cn na m thc gic lng nghe ting go tht ca nhngcon vt ang b git cc l st sinh.

Mt Pht t gi th cho chng ti, vit rng: "Ti xem cun phim "Downed Animals" nhn thy nhng con vt b la vo l st sinh, chng tr li ngoi ca, khng chu bc, c do dc nhn quanh bng nhng cp mtkinh hong, nh ang cu khn xin tha mng, thng tm qu, ngh nu nhcon mnh m trong trng hp y, tnh mng lm nguy, nhn ra chungquanh cu cu, ch thy ton nhng b mt hm h mun git, au lngqu!"

C ngi ni rng: Tri sinh con vt cho con ngi n, ti sao khngn?", th c th s c ngi hi li: "Tri sinh con ngi lm thc n chovi trng, hay cho con cp, con beo n, ti sao khng cho vi trng hay cho con cp, con beo n?".

Knh tha qu v, l quan nim ca nhng ngi n chay tu theo Phtgio Bc Tng, cn Pht gio Nam Tng th sao?

Mt s ng ngi tu theo Pht gio Nam Tng, nhng khng phi l tt

c, th tin rng vic n chay l khng cn thit i vi Pht t bi v:

(Th 1) Nu nh c Pht cm thy cc thc n khng tht l hp vi ccGii Lut th t hn Ngi tuyn b v t ra cng c ghi chp trongTam tng Pali, nhng ng ny li khng thy Ngi cp n.

(Th 2) Tr phi chnh chng ta thc s git con vt ly tht s dng, thchng ta khng c trch nhim trc tip v ci cht ca con vt ; v hiunh vy th ngi n chay v khng n chay cng khng khc bit g c.

Nhng ngi n chay ch c th n rau qu v c ngi nng dn cy cy

rung (nh vy h cng st hi bit bao nhiu sinh vt) v phun thuc trsu (li git thm nhiu sinh vt na)

(Th 3) Cho d nhng ngi n chay khng n tht, h cng phi dng rtnhiu sn phm khc dn n vic st hi th vt (nh s-phng, dathuc, huyt thanh, t tm, v.v...). Ti sao king khng dng mt th sn

phm ny, song li s dng cc th khc?


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(Th 4) Cc c tnh tt nh cm thng, nhn ni, qung i, v trung thc,v cc tnh xu nh ngu dt, kiu hnh, o c gi, ganh t v lnh m th khng ty thuc vo nhng g chng ta n vo ming, v nh vy th thcn khng phi l nhn t quan trng pht trin tm linh. (N guyn tc:"Vegetarianism", Venerable S. Dhammika, BhuddhaNet. T kheo Thin

Minh dch)

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VN N THT TH SAO ?

Nguyn nhn chnh a ti hai quan im khc bit nhau m chng ti vatrnh by l vn n tht v nhng gii thch v vn ny da theokinh sch, mt vn nhy cm, d xung t nht. Nhng ngi Pht tkhng n chay bao gm c gii c s v gii tu s thng vin dn kinhJivaka, trong c Pht ni rng,

"Nh Lai cm khng cho n tht trong ba trng hp. Nu thy, nghe hayc lng hoi nghi rng con vt b git cho mnh n. Trong ba trng hp,Ta cho php n, nu khng thy, khng nghe hay khng c lng hoinghi rng con vt b git cho mnh n".

Phi ny cho rng, trong trng hp ngi ta khng t git con vt mn, c ngha l khng c st sanh (cng c ngha l ngi khc git dm)

th khng c vn g khi n tht . Mc du c s cht xy ra, nhngngi n tht khng to ra nghip st, h hon ton khng lin h vo s chtchc . H bin lun rng (xin trch dn): phn ln nhng ngi n tht,khng phi v h c mun git hi th vt, m ch l mt thi quen h c t nh. chnh l mt phn nn vn ha ca h, l v h bit cchnu mn n , v h bit cch n mn ra sao. iu thch hp vih, chnh v vy m h n tht H cho rng do nh hng vn ha,cch thc v gic ca bn c hnh thnh l do bn c nui dngra sao. Nu bn quen dng mt s thc phm no , bn s cm thythoi mi khi n loi thc n . Chnh v vy m bn thch mua thc n

. l loi thc phm bn bit cch nu nng ra sao. Ti sao a sngi c li l ngi"khng-n-chay"? H n tht l bi v l iu h quen n. l mt phn to ra nn vn ha c ( Buddhism andVegetarianism", Ajahn Jagaro (1994). T kheo Thin Minh dch)

Tuy nhin, nhng Pht t n chay vin dn k 129 v 130 trong Kinh PhpC ch r rng chng ta KHNG C GIT HAY GY NN S


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GIT (should not kill or cause to kill). H vin dn nhiu kinh sch NguynThy tng Pali trong c chp li li Pht dy: "Ch c st sinh, ch ckhuyn khch st sanh, ch c chp nhn st sanh, ch c lm hi cc

sinh vt nh b trong nc, thm ch ch c p trn c xanh". H chorng ngi no mua tht hay cc sn phm c ngun gc t tht, tc lngi to nn nhng nhn thit yu, tc to nn nhu cu tiu th; cho ngi khc git nhng con th vt ny, tc cung cp theo nhu cu,c ngha l nhng loi ng vt nh con b, con d, con heo, con g b

git ti cc l st sinh l cho nhng ngi n tht thng thc. Nunh khng mt ai n tht th r rng l cc con vt ny khng b git. Bi

s ng n tht do ngi khc phc v, ngi n tht l nguyn nhnto cho ngi khc git hi th vt. ".

H bin lun rng : Tht l khng cng bng cht no khi chng ta to

nguyn nhn cho nhng ngi lm ngh t phi vo a ngc ch v shng th khoi khu ca chng ta. Nu chng ta u nht tr n chayth nhng ngi chm git th vt lm tht bn s phi chuyn i ngnhngh khc tt p, phc c hn v lc ton th gii s sng an lcho bnh. Do c tip tc n mng chng sanh nn khin chng ta c duytr mt lp ngi hnh ngh chm git ng thng . ( Dr. D.P.

Atukorale, M.D. l bc s chuyn khoa v tim mch, hin l Gio S Vini Hc Colombo Tch Lan)

H cng trch dn li ging ca mt v cao Tng Pht gio hin i, Ho

Thng Thch Tr Tnh ni v vic n tht nh sau: (chng ti xin cnguyn vn)

i chng nn bit, nu mun c tht n, th phi st sanh. Khng t gitth cng bo ngi git, cho nn n tht l nguyn nhn cho s st hi sanhmng ca cc loi vt. Tt c cc th tht, khng lun l tht g, t tht heo,

b cho n tm c v.v... thuc v loi tht ca chng sanh u khng cn.

C o cho rng loi c, tm khng c mu nh vy n c. Cn c oni trng cha tng hnh, n khng bit au n nn n c.

Nhng theo li Pht dy, xt k n thuc v loi tht u khng c n c,bi v d con tm, con c tht s n khng c mu i na, nhng n cngham sng s cht. Nh con c bit khp mai khi nghe ting ng, con tm,con tp bit nhy ngc khi mnh ng vo n. Nh vy l n c cm gic


17/55

bit au, bit ham sng s cht mi c nhng tc ng nh th. Cn nhcc trng, nu ta n trng m cha c tng hnh, ngha l cha ln, girng khng c ti m c n, nh vy nhng ngi c thai, hoc mt, haithng, hay bao nhiu thng, ngy m ph thai th khng c ti, bi v thailc n cng cha thnh hnh g. M nu ph thai c ti, th n trng cngc ti, bi v trong trng nu duyn n s thnh con g hay con g .

Nh vy ni tm li, mnh y theo li Pht dy, th tt c nhng g thuc vtnh cht tht u khng c n. Tuy th, c Pht cng theo thi c cangi i. Do trong gii Tiu Tha, lc ban s Pht khng cm n tht,nhng cho n ba th tht: khng nghe con vt b git, khng thy con vt bgit, khng nghi ngi ta git con vt v mnh. Ngoi ra cn c n thmcc th tht: con vt n t cht, hoc con th khc bt n ri cn d.

Nhng tm cho c cc th tht m n cng kh lm. Nu mnh chukh suy xt k, th trong khi n c hoc tht, mnh c th ngh rng: v s ntht ca mnh y lm duyn cho ngi git, xi ngi ta git.

Nhng ngi git nu khng c ngi mua, th h git lm g ? C ngingh rng, nu mnh khng n, th cng c ngi bn tht, h cng git nhthng. Nhng suy ngh k : nu mt ngi khng n, th s bt s git mt

phn, th s git hi cng t i.

Ti sao khng c n tht ? c Pht ni: ngi n tht th mt lng i t

bi, dt ging Pht tnh...(Bi Ging ca Ho ThngThch TrTnh TrongMa Kit H An CNm inh Mi 1967ti Cha Vn c Th c)

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CPHT C THA NHN CHUYN N THT KHNG?

Chng ti va trnh by lp lun ca hai pha v vic n tht. n y mtcu hi khc c t ra l c Pht c tha nhn chuyn n tht khng? biv kinh Jivaka c Pht cho php n ba th tht (khng nghe con vt b git,

khng thy con vt b git, khng nghi ngi ta git con vt v mnh. Ngoira cn c n thm cc th tht: con vt n t cht, hoc con th khc btn ri cn d). Trong kinh khc c Pht li ngn cm khng cho Pht tlm nhng ngnh ngh bun bn m mu vi nhng s git chc ti l stsinh, sn bn th vt, cu c v by sp th rng. Ti sao li c s muthun nh vy?


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Nhng ngi Pht t khng n chay ni rng kinh Jivaka cho php h ntht v h din gii kinh vi ng rng Pht ngm chp thun nhngs git chc ti cc l st sinh. H cho rng tht c sn xut ti cc l stsinh thng t xa ni dn chng c ng v ngy nay by bn ti cc siu thnn ngi mua cng l ngi n khng nghe ting ku go, khng thy chtdy da v khng hai nghi con vt b git l cho ring mnh n th chnhl ba th tht ngy xa Pht cho php n.

Nhng phi chng li s git loi vt, d ni git bt c a im no thcho rng: "nn bit rng s git hi th vt lm thc phm ti cc l st sinhl mt trong cc ngnh ngh m Pht ngn cm khng cho Pht t lm vl do chnh l lng t bi Ni rng mt ng Pht ln n nhng ngnh ngh

bun bn m mu vi nhng s git chc trong cc l st sinh, sn bn thvt, cu c v by sp th rng v mt ng li cho php ngi Pht t v

hng tng s c n tht, nu nhng con vt ny khng phi l c bit bgit cho h n, l mt s mu thun v l. Cn ai na ngoi nhngngi n tht phi chu trch nhim v s git chc ni cc l st sinh, sn

bn th vt v cu c? Nhng t ti cc l st sinh ch lm vic png cho nhu cu ca nhng ngi n tht m thi.

"Tha ng. Ti ch lm gim ng ci phn vic d bn", ngi t trli nh th vi mt bc thng lu khi v ny phn i s tn bo ca vic

git hi th vt kh kho v ti.

Nhng ngi n tht, bt k c din dch rng con vt c git choh hay l khng, u gin tip ym tr cho k ngh git th vt v gp

phn vo s tn bo git chc cc sinh vt. Chng l Pht li khng bit nv khng hiu c iu ny, Ngi l ngi c m t l ng ton gic,ng m tr tu v t bi bao trm tam thin i thin th gii? Phi chngPht li c th khng nhy cm n ni khng thy rng ch cn ngng ntht, ngi ta c th chm dt mt cch hiu qu c s git hi nhng con vtyu t, cm lng cng vi nhng s thng kh, kinh hong m chng phichu ng.

Chng ta c bit rng Pht ngn cm cc t ca ngi khng c ntht cc th vt nh ch, voi, gu v s t. Vy ti sao Pht li cho php nmt loi tht v ngn cm n loi khc? Th cn heo hay b, hay g hay vt;nhng con vt ny gi thit l c chp thun cho php n, th t au nhn con ch, con voi hay con gu khi chng b git chng?


19/55

Ai l Pht t cng u bit Pht v cng t bi v v cng qu trng s sng,th d nh Ngi nhn mnh rng cc T kheo phi an c nhp h ba thng,khng ra ngoi, trnh dm p ln cn trng ang sinh sn trong ma ma,cho nn khng th tin c rng Ngi c th lnh m trc ni au n vcht chc ca cc loi gia sc b git lm thc phm.

Nh chng ta u bit, hng tu s c gii lut ring. Pht c th i hi ccv S nhiu iu chp hnh m khng i hi ni nhng Pht t ti gia. Cctu s c hun luyn c bit c nhng phm hnh cao qu v ngh lc

bn b, khc bit vi hng c s ti gia. Cc v S c kh nng mnh mchng li s cm d khoi lc m ngi thng kh chng c ni. y l ldo ti sao h t b khoi lc tnh dc, sng i sng c thn v cng khngn cm sau 12 gi tra. Ti sao n cm sau 12 gi tra li vi phm gii lutnghim trng hn l n tht loi vt? Chng ta c th tin qu tht Pht c

ni nhng iu y cho nhng ngi bin tp kinh in Pali, ni ti v sn tht chng? (Dr. D.P. Atukorale, M.D. l bc s chuyn khoa v timmch, hin l Gio S Vin i Hc Colombo Tch Lan)

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KINH BC TNG NI V VN N THT

Tha cc bn, l nhng vn nhy cm n nhc nhi ca nhng ngiPht t. By gi chng ta hy xem xt phin bn kinh in ting Phn ni

v vic n tht. Chng ti trch t kinh "Lng Gi" m nguyn mt chngni v nhng iu tai hi ca vic n tht.

"V lng t bi, v s tinh khit, cc B tt khng c n tht m n csanh ra t mu m ..v..v.. V ni lo ngi nhng nguyn nhn cu thnh skinh hong ca chng sinh, v B Tt, ngi t rn luyn c c ttm khng c n tht".

"Tht l iu khng ng s tht khi cho rng tht l thc phm thch ngv dng c khi con vt khng b git bi chnh ngi n, khi ngi n

khng ra lnh cho ngi khc git, v khi ngi khc khng c bit git cho mnh n ".

" Trong tng lai c th c nhng ngi b s cm d bi mi v ca tht, skt hp li vi nhau to ra nhiu cch ngy bin cho vic n tht. Nhngd tht c n di bt c hnh thc no, bt c kiu cch no, bt c u, u b tuyt i cm ch i vi bt c ai.


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Kinh Lng Nghim ni, "Ngi tu hnh chnh nh, ct gii thot khikh au ca cuc i. Nhng trong khi tm kim s gii thot ni kh auca chnh mnh, ti sao chng ta li lm kh au cho k khc. Tr khi chngta kim sot c tm, bit gh tm ngay c n tng v s hung c, tn

bo, v git chc; chng ta s chng bao gi c th gii thot khi cnh trnlao kh i"...

"Sau khi ta dit , c nhiu loi qu thn si ni trn khp th gian la gtchng sinh, v dy rng n tht cng c th t o gic ng. C th no mtv S hy vng tr nn v B Tt cu chng sinh li c th sinh sng bngtht ca chng sinh"?

Kinh "i Bt Nit Bn" phin bn ting Sanckrit ni rng: "n tht lmtiu tan ht ging t bi".

Ngi ni: Ny Ca Dip! Bt u t ngy nay tr i, Nh Lai khng chophp hng Thanh Vn t n tht, nu n vit em n dng th, phi xemtht y nh tht con mnh

Ngi cng cho bit l do ti sao ngy trc Ngi cho php hng T Kheo nba th tnh nhc. Ngi ni: Ny Ca Dip! Ba th tnh nhc y ch l theovic m tm ch thi Cng l nhn ni s m ln lt chNy Ca

Dip! bao nhiu gii cm ca Nh Lai ch ra u c d . V d nn chon ba th tnh nhc. V d nn cm n mi th tht. V d nn cm tt

c th tht u khng c n, du l tht ca con vt t cht. Ny Ca Dip! T nay Nh Lai cm cc t khng c n tt c th tht.[Phm TTng th7Kinh i BtNit Bn].

Khng ht, trc khi Ngi dit , trong nhng giy pht cui cng, Ngicn dn cc t: Phi thng xt chng sinh, ch git hi du l cntrng nh nht. Thn nghip thanh tnh thng sanh ci tt p. Khunghip thanh tnh xa la nhng li c. Ch n tht, ch ung ru. Phi

suy ngh k nghip nhn thin c cm bo tt xu. Nhn qu ba i tunhon chng mt, nh bng theo hnh. i ny lung qua v sau n nnkhng kp. Gi Nit Bn n, ta tm tt dy bo nh vy. [Phm DiGio th 26Kinh i BtNit Bn]

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CPHIPHT TCH DIT V N THT CHNG?

Knh tha qu v, c mt nghi vn trong lch s Pht gio cng gy khnhiu tranh lun, l nghi vn c phi c Pht tch dit v Ngi n thtchng? V cng do nghi vn ny nn c nhng tu s m, trong mt s trnghp c n tht, khi bo cha cho vic n tht ca mnh, ni rng chnh Pht n bt canh nu bng tht heo ti nh mt t trnh lm bun lng vth ch . (nu khc t nhn cng dng)

Nhng phn ng cc hc gi Pht gio cho rng thc n dng cho Phtkhng phi l tht lm cho Pht tch dit v tt c kinh in Bc Tng umt mc chng li vic n tht nh cp trc y.

Theo nh hc Pht Rhys David th thc n m c s Thun dng cng

Pht l nm rm. David ni rng ch sukara maddava c kt hp bi haich sukara v maddava. Sukara c ngha l con heo v maddava c ngha lphi kh, l ngon, tc l mt loi thc n m ging heo rng rt thch n.Cc hc gi Phng Ty dch l truffles, mt loi nm qu.

Sukara maddava c bn ngha:

(1) Loi thc phm heo n.(2) Mt loi thc n m heo rt a thch(3) Cc phn mm trong c th con heo v

(4) Mt loi thc n b gim nt bi con heo.

C s Thun l mt t thun thnh ca Pht, chc ng ta khng thno cng dng c Pht bt canh nu bng tht heo v bit rng Ngi khngn tht. Rt c th chnh Thun cng khng n tht nh rt nhiu ngin thi by gi. Nh th th c th no ng ta li cng dng tht lnPht, mt ngi rt nhy cm v ni thng kh, au n ca chng sinh,ngi khng ung sa b trong thi k 10 ngy u tin sau khi b sanhcon. Ngi t chi s cng dng mt chm tri cy ca lai vn v trong c nhng con kin ang sinh sng. Ngi khng cho php Tng on ra

ngoi trong ba thng an c, nhm trnh dm p ln cn trng ang sinh sntrong ma ma.

Tha qu v, tha cc bn. Trong ba n cui ca c Pht, c mt iuchng ta cn , theo Kinh Trng A Hm, Quyn 3, Phm Du Hnh, Th2, on 2 ni rng: Khi c Pht nhn bt canh nm t tay Thun , Ngic ni vi Thun rng, ng em th canh nm cn d ny cng dng


22/55

cho cc v Tng khc, Thun vng li ri lui ra. Ti sao Pht ni nhvy?

y l nguyn vn kinh:"....Sau khi Pht v i chng an ta, ngChu Na (Thun ) em mn n dng Pht v chng Tng, ng li nuring mt th nm Chin n l thc n trn qu k l t thy, em dngring cho Pht, Pht dy Chu Na ch em th nm y cho chng tngn. Chu Na vng li...." (Kinh Trng A Hm, Thch Thin Siu Vit dch,

Pht Hc Vin quc T xut bn 1986(trang86).

Trong thi k Pht ti th, nhng th ch cng dng thc n cho Phtthng tham vn ngi A Nan, v th gi ca Pht. Ngy nay cc tng skhng thch loi thc n no cng c th c cch thch hp t chi mkhng cn phi tht ln mt li ni no, nh c Pht t chi s cng

dng ca lai vn.Bt c mt v s no c cng dng ba n ti nh c s u bit rng giach thng thnh hi s hay v th gi theo hu hoc mt v c s h phpthn cn, loi thc n no s thng n, c th trnh cc loi thc phmkhng thch hp vi c th v tinh thn ca S.

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V SAO C S KHC BIT

C mt iu rt c bit m c l qu v nhn thy, l tt c Pht tkhng phn bit truyn thng hay tng phi tu tp u c chung mt mus. l iu tn trng v bo v s sng ng thi tha nhn v chphnh gii lut cm st sinh nhm bo v s sng y. Cn vic lm thno bo v s sng y th c nhng s khc bit.

iu ny thit tng cng khng c g kh hiu. S khc bit ny l do tmchng sinh khc bit, do cn c v mi trng sinh sng ca chng sinhkhc bit, li do khng gian v thi gian khc bit. Hon cnh sng ca

Pht t Ty Tng khc vi hon cnh sng ca Pht t Vit Nam, li cngkhc hn vi Pht t sng Hoa K. Ngay nh hon cnh qu Tng Nitheo truyn thng Bc Tng min Nam Vit Nam (n chay) cng khc vimt s tng ni theo truyn thng Bc Tng sng ti min Bc t nm 1954n nm 1975 (khng n chay). Nu qu v hiu c nhng hon cnhkhc bit nh vy th s thy khng c vn g v d dng cm thng.


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Cn l do ti sao trong tt c kinh in Nam Tng khng c iu lut nchay m li cn c iu lut cho php n tht tam tnh nhc v cc kinh inBc Tng li c iu lut khng c n tht.

Tha qu v, tha cc bn,

c Pht l mt i lng y, l y vng, trc khi Ngi din ni, Ngi qunst thnh chng, bit cn c ca ngi nghe php a ra nhng gio phpthch hp nhm cha cho h ht tm bnh. Cho nn, chng ta cng hiu rngmi li Pht ni u nhm vo mt mc ch tng i no , dnh chomt i tng thnh chng no v mt quc hay thi gian no , tho g nhng vng mc cho h. Nu chng ta hiu c hon cnh cah th mi c th hiu c li tuyn b ca Pht. V Pht mun chngsinh m phng tin ni php.

Chng ti xin lp li: V Pht mun chng sinh m phng tin niphp. Ngi tu duyn m ni. M ni l tu duyn ni php, thkhng c mt php nht nh no c th thuyt, c th ni l ng haykhng ng, m ch tu duyn, tu thi, tu hon cnh, tu cn c catng i tng, m Pht ni php. Trong kinh i Nit Bn, Ngi chobit l do ti sao ngy trc Ngi cho php hng T Kheo n ba thtnh nhc. Ngi ni: Ny Ca Dip! Ba th tnh nhc y ch l theo vicm tm ch thi Cng l nhn ni s m ln lt ch..

Trong thi k ban u ca o Pht, do ni dung cch mng v gii phngtrit hu xa tan bin gii giai cp cng cch phn bit i x rt khcnghit ca x hi n thi y, nn nhiu th lc tm cch ph hoi uytn ca c Pht. Cng do iu kin khch quan cn nhiu kh khn, chath hot ng tht mnh m tt c mi phng din, nn c Pht phity nghi phng tin, uyn chuyn ci cch, va hong php, va phttrin, li va sinh tn.

Ngy xa, v nhu cu tu hc, nn vn n ung cn phi c gin d, thcphm phi c xem nh l dc thc, v th tng on thi c Pht phii kht thc. Kht thc l chnh sch thc hnh gio php. Cc thy T kheo

phi gi tm bnh ng m i kht thc tng nh, khng phn bit giungho sang hn mi tng lp dn chng u c c duyn thc hnh hnh

b th cu phc.

Php kht thc cng va c mc ch ph tr ng chp, va t va tha, li mnh li ngi li khi mt thi gian mua v nu nng thc phm.


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Khi n th phi trn cc mn n vi nhau khng cn phn bit mn nyvi mn khc, mn ngon mn d v khng phn bit mi v, mc ch khng cn luyn i mi v thm ngon, m ch cn n nui sng xc thnm tu hnh gii thot.

Trong hon cnh x n hai ngn nm trm nm trc y, dn chng thngho m tng on ca Pht th li ng, mi khi i kht thc c n cngn t kheo, lm sao m c th c thc phm chay. Li na, gi ltri rung phc cho mi ngi gieo trng, lm sao c th t chi vt thccng dng, to sn hn cho ngi c lng cng dng. Cho nn s victng on th nhn vt thc cng dng, d cho c ln tht c, hon ton ltnh c, ch Tng khng h quan tm n mn n, ch ct c thc phm nui dng c th c sc tu hnh hon thnh o qu.

Cng do hon cnh kh khn, Pht khng i hi mi ngi mt cch khtkhe, nhng nh Gii Khng St Sanh do Ngi ban hnh s thm nhun t tkhin cho mi Pht t s ngng tay git hi sc sinh, thay th thc phm

bng cc thc vt rau u, chng h s cng dng rau u tri cy.

Hn hai ngn nm tri qua, ngy nay, i sng ton th gii tng isung tc hn. Cc vng sa mc nay cng c th trng c hoa mu. Lngthc khng cn thiu thn nh xa. D ngho, mi ngi mun cng dngch Tng u c th thc hin c v thc phm rau u u u cng c,va tinh khit li nhiu cht b dng.

Nn nh l ch Tng hoan h nhn lnh bt c g ngi Pht t ti gia vuilng cng dng. Vic n tht trong ba trng hp m c Pht cho phpkhng cn ng cho ngy nay, ch l php phng tin m c Phtuyn chuyn ban hnh trong thi k kh khn ni trn. Chng sinh c bnh,Pht cho thuc cng phi ty bnh, ty hon cnh, thi i, c duyn, c lcthuc phi nh nhng thm t t, c lc bnh nhn sc chu ng thPht cho ung liu mnh khi bnh lun. Hay ni mt cch khc, tt cli Pht u l php phng tin gio ha chng sinh, php hp vi lchn tht ca vn s vn vt, nhng do hon cnh khng gian v thi giansai khc, nn php c th ph hp hay p dng c mt qung thigian hay khng gian no cho mt s chng loi chng sinh no , nhngcng c th khng ph hp hay khng p dng c cho mt thi k nokhc hay ni chn no khc cho chng loi chng sinh khc. gi l tuduyn. Nhng tu duyn m bt bin. Bt bin l phi thc hin choc hnh t bi v bnh ng i vi tt c cc loi chng sinh.


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Ngi ngy xa khc vi ngi ngy nay. Hon cnh ngy xa khc vihon cnh ngy nay. Ngi v phong th x n khc vi ngi v

phong th x Trung Hoa v li cng khc hn vi ngi v phong th xHoa K, x Ty Tng Cho nn khng c g l kh hiu khi thy Pht Giotruyn sang phng Bc ch trng n chay, truyn sang Ty Tng c nin chay c ni khng n chay, tuy rng ba b kinh liu ngha Bc Tng:Kinh Lng Gi, Kinh Lng Nghim v Kinh i Bt Nit Bn c Pht udy cc t khng c n tht.

Sau na kinh Phm Vng ca Pht Gio Bc Tng ni v B Tt gii: gm10 gii trng v 48 gii khinh, trong gii khinh th 3 cm n tht. Bi thngi no th gii B Tt phi trng trai. Tuy nhin, do cn c ca Pht tti gia sng ti hi ngoi, (chng ti xin lp li l Pht t ti gia sinh sngti hi ngoi) nn vo nm 1989, Ho Thng Thch c Nim son dch

quyn Ti Gia B Tt Gii, thu li cn 6 gii trng v 28 gii khinh, trong khng bt buc Pht t ti gia th B Tt Gii phi trng trai na mch cn gi t nht 6 ngy chay trong mt thng (gii khinh th 7). [Ti Gia

B Tt Gii, Pht Hc Vin Quc T Xut Bn 1999]

C l cng do hon cnh ngy nay khc ngy xa v gio php mun tiptc c hu hiu trong vic i, phi c tnh cch kh l v kh c, nnHo Thng Nht Hnh son tho li gii lut T Kheo v T Kheo Ni.B lut mi ny c gi l Gii Bn Kht S Tn Tu (The RevisedPratimoksha) v c ban hnh vo u nm 2003, trong cng c

nhng gii iu mi ph hp vi thi i ngy nay v c bit c gii khngc n mn (gii th 55).

Chng ti mun nu ln hai s vic ny nhm cho thy l qu thy uynchuyn p dng li Pht dy, p dng nguyn tc kh l v kh c, nguyntc t tt n trong gio l nh Pht. Cn vic qu thy (Ho Thng Thchc Nim, Ho Thng Thch Nht Hnh v.v) son li gii lut c ngvi lut Pht khng th chng ti khng dm c kin v l vic lm cach Tng.

Tng cng nn nh vo thi c Pht, B t a thnh cu cPht ban hnh thm nm iu trong gii lut ca hng xut gia, trong cgii T Kheo phi n chay sut i. Vi lng t bi v c khoan dung, vcng c th c Pht sng sut nhn thy thi im cha thun tin, nnngi tuyn b rng cc t ca ngi c t do hnh ng v nm iuny, mun p dng hay khng cng c.


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Cng ngy nay ti quc gia Ty Tng vi nhiu c th, trong gii B Ttca Ty Tng gm 18 gii trng v 64 gii khinh, khng c gii no cm ntht c.

Knh tha qu v,

Hn 60 pht va qua, chng ti c gng trnh by nhiu kha cnh khcnhau v vn n chay, n mn, v bit rng mi ngi u c kinring, khng ai ging ai, mi ngi u c cn c ring v phc duynkhc nhau; khng ai c th p t kin ca mnh cho ngi khc. Tht ra,nhng vn khc bit m chng ti va trnh by, khng nn cn l vn tranh lun na, nu tt c chng ta cng tn trng s khc bit canhau, khc bit do hon cnh, do mi trng sinh sng, do mi trng

tip cn kinh sch khc nhau, do nhn duyn, nhn qu mi ngi khcnhau v c bit do s la chn li sng c nhn.

C mt iu chc chn qu v v chng ti u ng rng o Pht khngphi l mt tn gio c c tin m qung. c Pht dy chng ta rngng nn tin tng mt iu g v vn phong, v tp qun lu truyn, v l

bt tch ca thnh nhn, ca thy dy m ch tin vo kinh nghim hc hi vthc hnh ni chnh mnh v nhn l ng, c li cho mnh v c li chochng sinh th p dng. Tt c ty thuc ni tr tu v tm lng t bi ca michng ta. Chng ta c quyn t do la chn, la chn n chay hay n tht

cho ngon ming hay khng ngon ming khng phi l vn quan trng ml chn mt li sng c ngha cho mnh mi l iu quan trng.

Xin trn trng cm n qu v lng nghe v tip theo y chng ti bcsang phn th ba ca bui thuyt trnh ngy hm nay.

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PHN TH BA - TR LI NHNG THC MC V N CHAY

By gi n phn tr li cc thc mc v vn n chay. Thc mc th rtnhiu nhng c bn cu m nhiu ngi hi nht, thc mc nht, Vit

Nam cng nh hi ngai. l :

(Th 1) Chng ti xin c nguyn vn th ca mt c gi gi t Vit Nam:"Ti c vi dp vo tim cm chay Gic c ng Nguyn nh Chiu,nhn v nghe qu thy, qu c, gi ngi tip tn mua tht heo quay, tht


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b nng, tht phay xt lt, i g chin, c cm ln bt v..v. Nghe cc v tuhnh trai gii tinh nghim m phi gi cc mn n gi mn, nghe sao nngng qu. Chng ta n chay l t nguyn, ti sao li phi chuyn sangnp bng mn mn? Ti thit ngh n chay l an tuyt vi c tht, quaylng vi gii cm st sanh, hun tp t bi, hun tp chng t Pht. Th msao n chay li phi vng nim mn l sao? Xin ngh nn b hnh thcga tht c ph hp vi quan nim t bi, cn tn gi cc mn chay khngnn dng tn gi cc mn mn trnh ng nhn v gi hnh".

(Th 2) Ngi ta ni: "n mn ni ngay cn hn n chay ni di." ngngh sao?

(Th 3) Ti sao c mt s v s n trng chay t khi cn tu Vit Nam,nay qua Hoa K li b bnh tiu ng v cng c mt s v khc b bnh

tim mch? Sao ni n chay cha c nhiu bnh?(Th 4) C ngi xem lch s Vit Nam thy Ngi Tu Trung Thng S, lmt v gic ng, thy ca vua Trn Nhn Tng, s t Thin phi Trc Lmcng n mn nn ni rng n chay khng cn thit. L ny l th no? C

phi Ngi Tu Trung Thng S n mn khng?

Knh tha qu v, chng ti xin tr li tng cu hi mt. Trong trng hpht gi, xin mi qu v vo trang nh ca cha Quc T Online c nguynvn bn thuyt trnh ca chng ti trong c cc cu tr li chng ti va

nu. Nu nh qu thy cho mt bui khc, chng ti s nhn v tr li tt ccc cu hi khc ca qu v. Qu v c th hi trc tip hay cng c th e-mail v chng ti ti a ch e-mail: [email protected]

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Tr li cu hi th 1: Vn tn gi cc mn chay gi mn.

Knh tha qu v, y cng l mt vn bt ngun t nhu cu thngmi, nhng nh t bn ch bin v kinh doanh thc phm t nhng ci tnging nh cc loi thc phm ch bin t ng vt d li cun khchhng, vn l nhng ngi c tp qun n nhng mn c tn gi nh vy, naythy nhng mn cng c hnh dng v mi v tng t cht nh, th thckhch, vn c thi quen n nhng mn lm bng tht, s cm thy dha nhp hn, d thch ng hn..


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Tha qu v, s ngi n chay Hoa K hin nay khang hn 12 triungi, m chn mi chn phn trm khng phi l nhng ngi theoo Pht. Vit Nam, mc du khng c thng k nhng ngi ta tin l sngi n chay khng phi l Pht t cng khng nh v theo d tan canhng nh t bn kinh doanh, s ngi n chay ngai cng ng Pht giotrn th gii c khuynh hng gia tng mnh, nht l nhng nc ang

pht trin, trong c Vit Nam v Trung Hoa.

i vi nhng ngi ny th chuyn n chay khng v l do tu hnh, chonn nu nhng nh t bn thng mi thc phm chay m c th lm nhngmn chay cng c tnh cch thuyt phc thc khch bao nhiu th cng hay

by nhiu. Lm thng mi th phi c nhng phng php tip thmarketing li cun khch hng, l nhng ngi quen n tht c naychuyn sang n chay. Nu mn no cng ch dng tn vt liu gi th ch

cn l vi mn: nm xo rau, rau u om, rau u luc, rau u kho..v..v..,rt t mn, kh li cun khch hng.

Du sao, tha qu v, thc khch khi n nh hng chay, n mt mn gi, thhin nhin cu c mt con vt tht khi b cht. a s nhng ngi nchay ngy nay trn th gii khng phi l Pht t. Mc ch n chay ca hl bo v sc khe mang tnh v k c nhn nhiu hn. H n chay khng vthng loi vt, nhng ph sn ca n li v tnh cu loi vt bt b git, vcng gip cho dng nghip lc sinh t, t sinh ca h bt n mng, mc dh khng bit n iu ny. Cho nn, i vi nhng ngi ny, mn n chay

gi mn nu c lm cho h cm thy hp dn, thch n, bt thm tht, th vnc ch li cho c phi ngi v vt.

Nay ni n thnh phn n chay v lng thng loi vt, v tn trng vbo v s sng. Thnh phn ny bao gm nhng ngi theo o Pht vmt vi o khc, k c nhng ngi khng tn gio. H trnh n tht ch vlng thng xt loi vt, cng l nhng sinh vt c y tnh cm, xcng nh con ngi. i vi h khi nhn tm tht c gi trn bn, th hcng cm thng vi nhng ngi ang t t chuyn hng sang n chay, v

mng rng mt con tm, con c, con g gi trn bn n l cu mt contm, con c, con g tht khi b cht. H quan nim rng: "nu nh tp qunn tht c bm r su xa trong con ngi, th nhng mn chay gi mn cu sng nhng con vt tht".

i vi chn gi lam, ni cha chin, trong cc khun vin t vin, ivi nhng Pht t ang tu hnh o gii thot; ngai ngha tn trng


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v bo v s sng, n chay cn l tr duyn cho vic tu tm gii that, tuhnh trai gii tinh nghim.

Ca cha l ni truyn b o Pht, tu s cha l Trng t Nh Lai, emchnh php dy ch Pht t. Mt trong nhng li dy quan trng, ct tyca c Pht l phi dng tm t bi v bnh ng i x vi mi loichng sinh, c ngi ln vt.

V th, chng ta nn trnh dng nhng hnh nh v t ng c th gi hnh,c th nh hng n tm chng ta. Chng ti hon ton ng vi ohu ng Lc H Ngc Nhung l chng ta n chay l t nguyn, l t ontuyt vi c tht, l quay lng vi st gii, hun tp t bi, hun tp chng tPht, v khng th no phi np bng hay vng nim mn mn. Trongchn gi lam, nn b hnh thc gi tht c, c tn gi ln cch trnh by, nn

t bin ch t rau u ng cc m t tn cho cc mn n chay ny bng tngi hoa qu, rau u hay tn ca cc v thuc ng y trnh ng nhn nh ngh ca o hu ng Lc.

o Pht l o Tm, gi thn thanh tnh, khu thanh tnh cha y mcn phi gi tm thanh tnh mi l vn tan.

---o0o---

Tr li cu hi th 2: Ngi ta thng ni: n mn ni ngay cn hn

n chay ni di." ng ngh sao?

Xin tha. Tht ra y ch l mt cu ni ma mai ca mt s ngi n mni vi nhng ngi n chay m li hay ni di. Xt ra th cu so snh nyc hai v khng cn xng. n mn v ni di l hai vn hon ton khnglin h vi nhau. Nu so snh n mn vi n chay, ni di vi ni ngay thcu tr li minh bch qu ri. Cng nh nu ni rng: "Lng gt lytin b th cn hn ngay thng m keo kit." th r rng l s c hai vn nhn qu bo ng, khng th ly chuyn ny b chuyn kia c. Lng gts b qu bo xu v ti lng gt, b th s c qu bo tt v phc c

b th. Ngoi i cng vy. Khng th ni vi ng Ta rng i lng gt tng ngi khc th khi b ti. Tt hn ht, ng n mn v ng ni dim nn n chay v ni ngay, nh th l gi hai gii trong nm gii riy, s khi n mng chng sinh, s thnh thang bc nh trn con ngnhn qu. Tuy nhin, nu mt ngi n mn ni ngay cn ngi kia n chayni di m khng th lm c c hai iu l n chay v khng ni di thnn chn ng li no? C nhiu ngi cho rng n chay d hn l gi gii


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khng ni di v n chay quan trng hn l ni di v git hi chng sinh lc nht, n tc ng mnh m n nhiu i nhiu kip qua qu trnh nhnqu.

n chay vi tm t bi cn c li l nui dng v tng trng lng t bitrong i sng hin ti v hun tp phc bu cho mai sau. Theo cc nhkhoa hc x hi, th a phn nhng k st nhn u c ngun gc l nhnga tr khng c lng nhn t, thng thch hnh h v chm git sc vt.Cn ni di, l d nhin, cng vn b chi phi bi lut nhn qu, nhng cngty cu ni di m s gp qu bo nng nh khc nhau.

Tr li cu hi th 3: Ti sao mt s v s n trng chay t khi cn tu Vit Nam, nay qua y li b bnh tiu ng v cng c mt s v

khc b bnh tim mch, nh vy l sao? Sao ni n chay cha cnhiu bnh?

Qu tht, d lun trong cng ng Pht Gio Vit Nam Hoa K cho bitc mt s tng ni n chay trng m vn b bnh tiu ng v c v cnthm bnh tim mch. iu ny cng c th hiu v gii thch c, nhngtrc ht phi ni ngay rng n chay ng cch v tp th dc u n chc kh nng gim nguy c lm bnh 58% m thi v ni mt cch khc,nhng ngi n chay v tp th dc ny vn c th b bnh nh thnghung h l n chay khng ng cch v khng tp th dc v cc v tng ni

b bnh cng nm trong trng hp ny, khng ai c c cch min bnhtiu ng hay tim mch. Vic mt s s v ni n chay trng b bnh tiung loi II c th l do cc nguyn nhn sau y:

(1) n chay khng ng phng php(2) Do s thay i mi trng sng(3) Khng luyn tp th dc hay luyn tp th dc khng u n v khng liu lng

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(1) DO N CHAY KHNG NGPHNGPHP

n chay ngn nga bnh tim v tiu ng, theo cc nh khoa hc HoaK cho bit l phi tht t cht bo, nhiu cht x, khng cholesterol vnhiu carbo phc hp (unrefined complex carbohydrate) .Khu phn nhng ngy bao gm rau tri ti cc loi, cm go lc, cc loi ng cc, u


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ht v khng dng cc loi thc phm tinh lc nh cm go trng, bt m,bt bp, bt go, pasta v thc phm chay bin ch cng nghip..v..v... Theo bc s Monroe Rosenthal, M.D., Gim c Y Khoa chng trnh PritikinProgram Santa Monica bang California Hoa K cho bit: "cht bo lnguyn nhn chnh ca bnh tiu ng, cng nhiu cht bo trong ch dinh dng cng lm kh khn cho insulin a ng vo trong t bo.Insulin hot ng d dng trong iu kin t cht bo."

Mt s ngi Vit chng ta hi ngoi n chay khng ng cch, khngng phng php, khng my gip cho sc khe tt. Thng ngi Vitnam chng ta s dng ng cc nhiu hn, nht l cm go trng, cc loi

bn, bnh ph v cc loi bnh khc lm t bt go, nh bnh canh, bnhc, bnh xo, nn xy ra tnh trng d tha nng lng t ng cc. Nukhng s dng ht nng lng d tha ny qua cc hot ng th lc th rt

d bo ph v d sinh ra bnh tiu ng. Qu b khi nu n thng dngqu nhiu bt ngt, ng, mui, thc phm chay bin ch v cc thc phmtinh lc, nht l dng qu nhiu du chin xo. Mc du du tho mckhng c cht cholesterol nhng c lng cao cht bo khng bo ho vkhi chin nhiu ln, c nng lu, du khng bo ha s tr thnh loi duc c tnh ging nh bo ha m ngi ta gi l trans-fatty acids. Cht bo

bo ha (saturated fat) v trans-fatty acids l nhng cht bo khng tt, lmgia tng cht cholesterol xu LDL v ng thi lm gim cholesterol ttHDL trong mu, do gia tng mc nguy him v bnh tim mch v ngthi cng lm cho cht insulin gim hiu nng h tng cht ng vo trongcc t bo.

Do , tt nht l gim ti a cc cht bo, khng nn chin u h, m nnnng hay luc hay nu canh, va gin d li va b. Nn dng loi ducanola hay olive oil, c bch phn cht bo bo ho thp nht (4%) trong ttc cc loi du tho mc hin nay c bn trn th trng. Nu dng du trn x lch th nn dng du olive hay du faxseed oil, va thm li va ttcho sc khe.

---o0o---(2) DO S THAY I MI TRNG SNG

Theo cc nh khoa hc, c th sinh l ca ngi Vit Nam chng ta thucloi bin dng chm (slow metabolizer). Khi cn qu nh cc tng nilm vic th lc nhiu, cng phu tu nhiu, n ung n s. Di mt nhnca cc nh dinh dng hc l thiu cht b dng, nhng c th thuc loi


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bin th chm, li c nhiu cng phu tu tp nn khng ny sinh vn , nayphi i sang mt mi trng sinh sng mi, nhiu tng ni phi i lm sM kim tin, gim gi cng phu v n ung theo phong tc ngi Ty

phng ly ba n ti lm chnh. Mc du l n chay nhng li l thcphm chay cha qu nhiu cht b dng (nhiu cht bo, cht m, chtng, mui v tinh bt) v s hot ng th lc li qu t, m c th vngi thi quen c (loi bin dng chm), cc cht b dng d tha lin tca vo c th, khng c chuyn ha nhanh thnh nng lng nn binthnh m, do d sinh ra bnh tiu ng v tim mch.

Khi cp n vn ny, mt nh bo Pht t qun Cam vit: "Miba n ca hu ht ch tng ni hi ngoi u l ba tic, m Pht t nu nton l th thin chin. V khi ch tng ni n t hay khng mun n th sngi nu bun. V cc b c cng qu ny th c hi thc Thy Thy i,

n gim con i. v y l rung phc ca cc b c m...".

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(3) DO KHNG TPTH DC HAY TPTH DC KHNG UN

Nguyn nhn th ba l cc tng ni thiu tp th dc hoc nu c th i tpkhng u n. Yu t u n (consistency) quan trng hn yu t cng (intensity). Cc nh khoa hc cho bit tp th dc bng cch i b nhanh

trn treadmill hay ngoi tri u n mi ngy ba mi pht l tt nht, emli nhiu li ch cho sc khe nht.

Luyn tp th dc u n lm mu lu thng d dng n mi ch trong cth, chuyn vn c xy v cc cht dng sinh khc nui dng cc t bo,to nng lng hot ng cho con ngi. Luyn tp u n cng gia tng ttrng cht xng, lm xng ct cng mnh hn, gim p xut mu, gims thnh lp cc cc mu ng v ng thi c tc dng gia tng hm lngcholesterol tt HDL v gim cht bo triglycerides trong mu.

i b chm, trong Pht gio gi l thin hnh, ch c li cho s th dn tmhn m khng c tc dng g cho c th nn khng th xem l tp th dcc. Tp th dc ng cch c ngha l tp u n hng ngy v tp vinhp tim p trong khong t 65 n 85 phn trm nhp tim p ti a. Nhptim p ti a c tnh theo cng thc: 220 tr s tui. Th d bn 57 tui,nhp tim p ti a ca bn l 220 -57 = 163. Do , khi bn i b trn mytreadmill hay i b ngoi tri, nhp tim p ca bn phi c gi trong


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khong t 65% n 85% nhp tim p ti a 163 ca mnh, tc l trongkhong 106 n 138 nhp tim p mi pht, theo cch tnh nh sau: (a) 65%x 163 = 106 (b) 85% x 163 = 138.

Khi luyn tp nn tp trung vo mt mc no , nh theo di hi thvo ra, theo di bc chn i hay qun tng mt hnh tng tn th tnngng hoc mt cu kinh. Chnh s tp trung tinh thn ny cng nng caohiu qu tp luyn v l mt li thin i b to nn s th gin tm hn. Ccnh nghin cu cho bit rng tp luyn u n hng ngy vi nhp timp trong khong cho php nh trn em n kt qu cao nht. Tp luynkhng u n hay tp thp hn 65% hoc cao hn 85% u khng t ktqu mong mun. Tp cao hn nhp tim p ti a cn c th gy chnthng hoc t vong, nh trng hp in hnh ca hai ti t bng rBoston Red Sox Tony Conigliaro v Peter Maravich cht khi ang chi bng

r v lc s d trng Jacques Bussereau cht khi ang chy 1984 New YorkMarathon.

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Tr li cu hi th 4: C ngi xem lch s Vit Nam thy ngi TuTrung Thng S, l mt v gic ng, thy ca vua Trn Nhn Tng st Thin phi Trc Lm cng n mn nn ni rng n chay khng cnthit. L ny l th no? C phi ngi Tu Trung Thng S n mnkhng?

Vic ngi Tu Trung Thng S n mn hay n chay, lch s khng ghi chpr. Ch bit ngi n mn trong mt ba tic do em gi ngi, Hong Thi Hu

Nguyn Thnh Thin Cm, thit i khch qu trong hong cung. Mc dtrn bn tic c c thc n chay v thc n mn, nhng ngi vn im nhinn tht c. Thi Hu thy l mi hi: "Anh tu thin m n c tht th thnh

Pht sao c?"Ngi ci p: "- Pht l Pht, anh l anh. Anh khng cnlm Pht, Pht khng cn lm anh.."

Trong giai thoi ny ny sinh nhiu nghi vn v c t nht hai li gii thchnh sau:

Gii thch th nht cho rng ngi l mt v c s th B Tt Gii ti gia,thy ca vua Trn Nhn Tng, sng t Thin Phi Trc Lm Yn T, do khng c g nghi ng v vic ngi n mn hay n chay v trong 10 giitrng v 48 gii khinh ca B Tt Gii c gii cm st sinh (gii trng thnht), gii cm khng c n tt c tht ca mi loi chng sinh (gii khinh


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th 3). Ngi tu hnh t o gii thot, kin tnh, thot trn, vt qua b tng i, th chuyn gii hoc khng gii, n chay hay n mnkhng cn t ra vi ngi na. Mt minh chng r rng l vua Trn NhnTng tn thn ngi: Sng chung i tc, ho nh sng vi bi bm;Vi vn vt cha tng xc phm ti, hay lm nghch vi l o. VuaTrn Nhn Tng ca ngi ngi, tuy sng cng vi th tc m khng nhim, khng dnh dp vi hng trn. Vua cng khen ngi ngi c mt tm lngt bi bao la v lng. Ngi th hin tm t vi tt c chng sinh, chatng xc phm ti vn vt, c vt hu tnh ln v tnh, cng nh khng sngnghch vi l o th lm sao m c th cho rng ngi n tht chng sinh.

Cn vic ngi n tht c trong ba tic do em ngi khon i c th l ngikhai th ring cho em ngi, nhm ph quan nim sai lm rng n chay thnh Pht ca Hong Thi Hu, mun ni s tu tm mi l iu quan

trng. Ngi l bc gic ng, tm bnh ng, vt thot tri buc canhn qu, ra khi qui lut ca th gii hin tng tng i, mi s vic xyra trong i i vi ngi ch cn l cu truyn trong gic mng m qua, mihnh ng v li ni ca ngi u tun ra t cnh gii gii thot, l tyduyn phng tin ni php cho chng sinh cn vng mc m thi.

Thi ca ngi Tu Trung Thng S cng nhm nh tan nhng u cbo th, c chp, thng lm con ngi ta tr thnh k n l ca mi th vca c chnh mnh. Tu Trung ni bt mt tinh thn ph chp trit .

Ngi cc lc kch ci nhn nh kin" phn chia mi vt ra thnh hai cc

gi tr gn cho n mt cc ny hoc cc kia. Tuy nhin, trong mt dpni chuyn vi vua Trn Nhn Tng v n chay n tht v tr gii vi nhnnhc ngi dn nh vua : ng ni vi nhng ngi khng hiu bit,(Vt th phi nhn)". Li dy ca ngi l chn l, l rt ro, cu cnh, nhngk tm thng th khng nn bit. V h bit qua li ny h s chp.

Ho thng Thanh t c ging trong Tu Trung Thng S Ng Lc lNhng ngi tm thng, h khng hiu ni nhng ngha thm suth khng nn ni cho h nghe c hi. Nhng cu ny ch ni cho ngi

xut cch, vt khi tm thng nghe, hng ngi ny mi c khnng tip nhn( Tu Trung Thng S Ng Lc Ging Gii HT ThanhT Thng Vin Thng Chiu VIT NAM n hnh 1996 trang 104 )

Cch y na th k, Ho Thng Thch Mt Th cng dn cc t cangi l: Ch ny rt nn ch : ng nn lm s v ngi ca cc ngi

gii thot (lm m khng tr tm tham trc) vi nhng hnh vi phng


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tng bung lung m ngu bin l gii thot. i vi ngi tu hnh baogi cng phi ly thanh tnh tr gii lm gc (V, tr. 155).

V theo lch s Thin tng Trung Hoa, cc v T kin tnh cng thng ccc hnh ng ph chp vt ra ngoi ngh bnh thng. Nh thin s anH tro ln c tng B Tt Vn Th ngi, v ch tng Pht ly g t si. Cc ngi lm th v mun ph tm chp ca mt s chng sinh.

Cn gii thch th nh cho rng ngi Tu Trung Thng S, mc d to gii thot nhng l gii thot theo t tng Lo Trang, c th hong vi nht th ca vn vt tri t v ch trng vui sng t do phngkhong theo quy lut t nhin. Lp thuyt ny cho rng qua th vn vnhng tc phm ca ngi hin c cho thy c phn ln t tng ca ngi,m t tng r nt nht ca ngi l t tng thin, mt th thin c th ni

l hn hp thin ca Pht Gio v thin ca Lo Gio Trung Hoa.Qua nhng th vn v tc phm ca ngi li, ai cng thy t tng thinca ngi hon ton khai phng, khng chp trc, v gii thot khi mirng buc. Nhng ci gii thot ca ngi l ho ng vi nht th cavn vt tri t. Phi chng y cng l t tng vn vt ng nht th -tiu ng ho ng vi i ng ca o Ngha Th"? Ngi cho rng: n chay n tht l tp qun t nhin ca mi loi khc nhau, iu cng l tnhin nh ma xun n th cy c mc, cng ch l l sng ca munloi, khng c chuyn ti hay phc y.

Vi ch trng t do phng khong, sng theo quy lut t nhin, th phisng theo s vn hnh ca tri, t, ca bn ma, ca mi trng sngchung quanh v sng theo con ngi. Cho nn qua vn th ca ngi, chngta thy ngi sng rt t nhin, nh ni ngi n, bn ngi tm, h u nhth c, l no lm khc i, ngi ch tu nghi: Vo nc mnh trn b o i,

Phi u qun l ch tu nghi....Ngi ho cng nh sng, ng nht vibi bm tc bit ho quang ng trn (t tng ca Lo T). Th chonn vic ngi khng n chay l chuyn bnh thng, cng nh chuyn ngic th thip cng l l thng i vi ngi.

C th ngi l mt ngi tu chng cao siu, khng cn tm chp v phnbit, t o gii thot, d l gii thot theo t tng ca Lo T hay theot tng Pht Gio (?) th nhng li ngi li cho hu th cng l nhngkhun vng thc ngc, nht l v tr ca ngi trong lch s. Ngi l ch ca


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vua v cng l Thy ca S T Thin Phi Trc Lm Yn T Trn NhnTng .

Trng hp nhng ngi hu th chng ta, nu c y c theo sch v ghichp v ngi bt chc, sng theo quy lut t nhin, i th n, mt th ng,l trai phi c v, l gi phi c chng v sinh con ci, nu trong mt mitrng x hi a th th ly nhiu v, a phu th ly nhiu chng; th liuchng ta c th t gii thot ra khi vng sinh t lun hi m Pht gio chtrng chng? Hay l b mi trng cun ht v tri ln mi trong vng tsinh?

l hai cch gii thch, chng ti nhng li cho qu v cao minh.

Tm Diu

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BI THUYT TRNH V VN N CHAY

K 2

TI PHT HC NG VN HNH CHA QUC T ONLINELc 5 gi chiu gi min Ty Hoa K ngy 29-1-2005(8 gi sng gi Vit Nam ngy Ch Nht 30-1-2005)

Bui thuyt trnh hm nay ca chng ti cng gm c ba phn: Phn u

chng ti tm lc li nhng im quan trng chng ti trnh by trongk trc, phn th hai chng ti trnh by thm chi tit v vn n chay bo v sc khe, v phn th ba l tr li nhng cu hi ca mt s c gi

gi cho chng ti trong thi gian hai thng va qua v nhng cu hi mic qu v t ra ngy hm nay.

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PHN TH NHT

Trong mt dp du lch v min ng, trn chuyn bay xuyn Thi Bnh

Dng, khi thy ngi ngi bn cnh chng ti n chay, chng ti t m hinguyn nhn no khin ng n chay. ng cho bit ng lm ngh kim tratht. ng ta cng hi ngc li chng ti v sao chng ti n chay. Chngti cho ng bit ng c thc y n chay ca chng ti l khng mun ccsinh vt phi cht v chng ti. Chng ti mun sng v ngh rng chngcng mun sng. Chng ti thy ng ta c v suy ngh nhiu v mc chn chay ca chng ti.


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Hai ngi cng n chay nhng mc ch n chay li khc nhau. n chayca ngi bn ng hnh chng ti nhm bo v sc kho cn mc ch nchay ca chng ti nhm tn trng v bo v s sng ca cc sinh vt. lhai ng lc chnh thc y ngi ta n chay m chng ti trnh bytrong k trc. Mc ch n chay i vi ngi Ty Phng l bo vsc khe v bo v mi trng sng chung quanh cho c tt p, cho cyti thm mc, cho nc ung v bu khng kh trong lnh. Cn mc chn chay ca o Pht nhm tn trng v bo v s sng ca cc sinh vt hutnh. n chay, theo o Pht l mt trong nhng phng php nui dngv pht trin lng t bi. n chay l thc tp tm bt hi, tm khng lm hingi, hi vt, hi s sng chung quanh.

Trn c bn, mc ch n chay ca o Pht l nh th, l tn trng v bov s sng; nhng trn phng din thc hnh th c s khc bit gia cc

truyn thng, m nguyn nhn su xa l vn n tht v s din gii khcnhau v vn ny.

Cc kinh in vn h Pali c truyn b qua phng Nam, t o Tch Lanqua Min in, Thi Lan, Ai Lao, Cao Min v min Nam Vit Nam theong li nguyn thy ca Pht Gio tc li ban u, c iu khan cho

php Pht t c n ba th tht. Cc kinh in vn h Sanskrit c truynb qua phng Bc, t Nepal qua Ty Tng, Trung Hoa, Cao Ly, Vit Namv Nht Bn theo ng li pht trin, khng nhng khng c iu khancho php Pht t c n ba th tht m cn c iu khan cm n tt c cc

th tht.

Do vn h khc nhau, do cu vn khng ging nhau v li truyn b ra ccphng khc nhau, nn i vi kinh in kt tp ca hai bn c ch d ng.Ngai ra cng do tm ca chng sinh v phong th mi min c sai khc,nn gio l ca Pht cng ty duyn chia ra c rng c hp, c cao c thpv vn n chay hay n mn cng th. Pht gio truyn v phng Nam,qu ch Tng i kht thc, Pht t cng dng thc phm chay th n chay,thc phm mn th n mn. Pht gio truyn qua phng Bc th n chay,

nhng cng c ni n chay ni n mn. V d nh Ty Tng, v trn cao, khng trng c rau qu hoa mu nn phi n mn, tuy cng c ni nchay. Nht Bn cng th, trc thi Minh Tr Thin Hang n chay, sau v do sc p ca vua nn hng Tng l phi han tc lp gia nh nn bchay n mn. V ngay nh ti Vit Nam, c l v han cnh, mt s chTng theo truyn thng Bc Tng min Bc t nm 1954 n nm 1975khng n chay v..v..


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Tng cng cn lp li, trong cc kinh in h Pali Nam Tng khng ciu lut n chay m c iu lut cho php n tht tam tnh nhc v cc kinhin vn h Sanskrit Bc Tng li c iu lut khng c n tht.

V sao c s d bit nh vy?

Chnh v Pht mun chng sinh m phng tin ni php. Ngi tu duynni php. M ni l tu duyn, th khng c mt php nht nh no cth thuyt, c th ni l ng hay khng ng, m ch tu duyn, tu thi,tu hon cnh, tu cn c ca tng i tng, m Pht ni php. Trong kinhi Nit Bn, Ngi cho bit l do ti sao ngy trc Ngi cho php hng TKheo n ba th tnh nhc. Ngi ni: Ny Ca Dip! Ba th tnh nhc y chl theo vic m tm ch thi, cng l nhn ni s m ln lt ch..

Ngay nh ngy nay, nh trong li b tc ca ThngTa Thch Tr Hongtrong bui thuyt trnh ln trc ca chng ti, Thy cho bit ch Tng vc s Pht t ca mt s cha theo truyn thng Nam Tng Hoa K udng chay v Ngi Narada Maha Thera, mt v cao Tng Nam Tng TchLan cng n trng chay. Ring chng ti c bit cc thin sinh tham dcc kho tu thin Vipassana ti cc trung tm thin Minh St ca ngiOgenka Hoa K u n chay.

Tuy nhin, qua mt s e-mail nhn c, chng ti thy mt s c gi vncn thc mc v vic mt s S n tht, mt s S i chung vi c s Pht

t vo nh hng n Houston v Dallas, Texas vn thoi mi ku cc mnn tm cua c nng..

Knh tha qu v, tha cc bn gi th cho chng ti, trong bi thuyttrnh k trc, chng ti trnh by rt r lp lun ca hai pha v vn n tht. Theo kinh sch v quan im ca cc tng phi Pht Gio u nur lng t bi ca c Pht v ai cng bit o Pht l o t bi, cn quytnh n chay hay n mn l do s chn la ca mi c nhn, chng ti thitngh chng ta nn tn trng s chn la li sng c nhn ca mi ngi, mingi u c mi trng sinh sng khc nhau, mi trng tip cn kinh schkhc nhau v nhn qu khc nhau.

Nhn y, chng ti cng xin k v trng hp mt ngi bn thn cachng ti, c hai chng ti quen thn nhau t khi cn Vit Nam, thnghay n cha X Li d kho l cng cng mi bui sng Ch Nht vthng n chay k. Khi ra hi ngoi, mi ngi mt ni v c hai chngti n trng chay. Bng i mt thi gian kh lu, ngi bn ca chng ti


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khng cn n chay na. Tm hiu nguyn nhn th chng ti c bit l donh hng mi trng sng chung quanh, nh hng gia nh, bn b, thyc v nht l do s tip cn kinh sch khc nhau. Tuy vy, chng ti vn tntrng s chn la ca nhau v ng tha nhn nguyn nhn ca s khc bitnh chng ti trnh by.

l nhng im quan trng ca vn n chay trong o Pht m chngti trnh by trong bui thuyt trnh k trc. Kinh nghim ca chng ticho hay nhng ngi n chay c thc y bi lng t bi, bi tm khngmun lm hi ngi, hi vt v hi s sng chung quanh s lu bn, hn ldo nhu cu sc kho c nhn thc y.

Chng ti xin chm dt phn tm lc n chay trong o Pht ni y vbc qua phn th hai ca bui thuyt trnh hm nay l trnh by thm v n

chay nhn theo gc khoa hc, phn ny thc t v quan trng hn v hngngy chng ta phi i din vi chng.

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PHN TH HAI

Trong Pht gio chng ta thng c nghe ni ti Tam c. l Tham,Sn v Si. Ba th ny honh hnh chng ta, a chng ta ln ngp trong

bin sinh t lun hi. Trong gii Y Khoa, cng thng nhc n T c.

l bnh cao p huyt, bnh tiu ng, bnh cao cholesterol v bnh mpph.

T c ny thng hay i chung vi nhau v a n cht ngi. Chngkhng cha mt ai, gi tr ln b, nam ph lo u, sc dn trng vng en, phm phu hay tu hnh. Nhiu ngi hay than thn trch phn l n hin lnh, n chay nm t, quanh nm ngy thng m cng b trng c thca T c. Chng hn ch n cm, n bn, n m vi rau, khng n tht gc m m cholesterol c cao, cn trng lng th c ln. Xin lu l cc

bnh ny l do nhiu l do. C l do mnh c th thay i v kim sot c

bng cch iu ha dinh dng v luyn tp th dc, nhng c nhng l domnh khng kim sot c nh c tnh di truyn ca mi ngi, hoc tuigi v cng ln tui cng d b bnh.

Trong phn th hai ny chng ti nhn mnh n dinh dng chay v luyntp th dc. Dinh dng chay v luyn tp th dc ng vai tr rt quantrng trong vic ngn nga, trnh khi v lm gim cao mu, tiu ng,


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cao m v mp. Ngoi ra cn c th lm gim cc loi bnh ung th. C bni khi trong vic dinh dng l nn n nhiu loi rau xanh, nhiu loi tricy, ng cc cha bin ch v cc sn phm t u nnh; trnh thc n dum, trng, sa, b, mui v ng.

Trc ht chng ti trnh by s qua v thc phm.

Thc phm chng ta n hng ngy cung cp cho c th chng ta nhng chtcn thit to nng lng hot ng v nhng cht dinh dng thit yu(essential nutrients) m c th khng th to ra c nh cc cht sinh t(vitamins), mui khong (minerals), mt s amino acids, fatty acids v chtsi.

Thc phm to ra nng lng gm ba loi: (1) Cht m (protein), (2)

Cht bo (lipid) v (3) Cht carbohydrate. Mi gram cht carbohydrate vmi gram cht m cung cp 4 calories v mi gram cht bo cung cp 9calories. Nh vy n no nhiu cht bo l cho nhiu calories, nhngng thi cng cho chng ta nhiu cholesterol!

Nng lng l g? C th ni nng lng, m n v o lng l calories,chnh l sc mnh gip c th hot ng, tiu ho, bin dng n, iuho thn nhit v cc hot ng khc ca c th. S lng calories hngngy thay i ty theo s hot ng ca c th, trung bnh vo t 1800 n2000 calories. Mt cch qun bnh th tng s calories c ly t

carbohydrate khong 55-75 %, cht m khong 10-15%, v cht bokhong 15-30% tu theo c th hot ng nhiu hay t m s nng lng cnthit tng hay gim i. Nu c th dng nhiu nng lng hn mc cungcp, c th s ly nng lng t phn d tr, c bp tht hay m m dida, l c th b suy nhc. Tri li nu n nhiu hn mc cn thit hay tvn ng th lc, phn nng lng thng d s bin thnh m d tr vngi ta s mp ph ln.

Carbohydrates c chia ra lm hai loi: (1) Carbo n nh ng tinh chtchng hn, (2) Carbo Phc Tp. Loi ny c hai cht chnh l tinh bt vcht s v nhiu cht b nh vitamin, khong cht. Loi ny gm m, go,cc loi ht u v rau qu.

Ngi n chay, nht l ngi Vit Nam chng ta thng n nhiu cm, bn,canh, ph v cc mn n lm t tinh bt go. ng v tinh bt c c thchuyn ho ra glucose. Glucose lu thng trong mu v cung cp nnglng cho cc t bo. Khi t bo khng dng ht th glucose s c chuyn


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ho thnh glycogen v c lu tr trong bp tht v gan hoc c chuynthnh m acid bo v triglyceride. Do vy, kt qu cui cng l lm tngkhi lng m trong c th.

V th, trong vic n chay nhm bo v sc khe, yu t iu ho thc nhng to s qun bnh nng lng thu nhp v tiu dng, l mt iu vcng cn thit. V n chay ng phng php nhm p ng nhu cu ny.

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N CHAY NG PHNG PHP

Vy n chay nh th no mi l ng phng php?

n chay c xem l ng phng php khi chng (thc phm chay) cungcp cho c th chng ta mt s nng lng cn thit v cho c th hotng v cng khng qa t b suy nhc. Ni mt cch khc l qun bnhnng lng calories gia cung v cu ca c th.

D n chay theo loi no th di gc dinh dng cng phi hi bayu t c bn:

(Th nht) n a dng nhiu loi thc phm. Trong khu phn n hngngy, nu thiu mt thnh phn no lu di, d gy bnh nh thiu cc

loi vitamin A, B2, C, D, E v cht x c th dn n ung th rut v ddy. Nn nh l khng c bt k mt loi thc phm n c no bao hmy cc cht dinh dng m c th cn n, chng hn nh cam chonhiu sinh t C nhng li khng c sinh t B12.

(Th hai) n cc loi thc phm cng t ch bin hoc cha ch bincng c li v dinh dng. C qua mt ln ch bin th cht dinh dngca thc phm b gim i do qu trnh chuyn ho. V d nh go c ch

bin cho trng v qua qu trnh nh bng go, lm mt i rt nhiu chtdinh dng nm ngoi v ht go. Cc loi ng cc khc cng vy v rau

tri cy ti tt hn tri cy ng hp.

(Th ba) n chng mc, tc l khng nn n qu nhiu mt loi thcphm hoc n qu t mt loi v khng n qu no hoc qu i v trnhn nhanh, nut vi.

THP THC PHM CHAY


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thc hnh, ngi nchay c th s dng thp thc phm (food guide

pyramid) ca t chc nchay Hoa k, c mtkhi nim trong vn chun b thc phm hngngy.

Theo thp bn cnh, tchc n chay Hoa K ngh hng ngy chng tann dng:

Phn ln thc phm thuctng cui cng gm cc loing cc cha ch bin,trong c go lc (khong6-11 servings), sau thmmt phn vo nhm th haigm cc loi rau (3-5servings), v nhm tri cy

(2-4 servings) thuc tng th hai ca thp .

Dng va phi n tng trn cao hn gm hai nhm: nhm sa (2-3servings) v nhm u (legume), tht chay bin ch cng nghip (meatalternative), cng nh cc loi ht (2-3 servings).

Cui cng l tng cao nht, nh ca thp , tc t nht, ngha l hn chcc thc phm gm nhng thc n nhiu cht bo, cht ngt v cht mui.

Trong sch dinh dng ca Hoa K, ngi ta thng dng serving nh mtn v o lng thc phm.

Th no l mt serving?

V ng cc: 1 serving tng ng mt khoanh bnh m, hay 1/2 cup cm(bng 120ml) V rau: 1 cup rau sng hay 1/2 cup rau chn. V tri cy: mt qu chui, qu to, hay qu cam, 1/2 cup tri cy ct nhhay ng hp, hay 3/4 cup nc tri cy.


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V sa: 1 cup sa hay yogurt, 1 ounce (bng 50ml) b. V trng: 1 qu trng.

C ngi hi ti sao n rau u tri cy v khng n tht li c th ngnnga c bnh tt?

Chng ti xin tha l:

Theo cc nh khoa hc cho bit, c su yu t m nhng ngi n tht cnguy c mc bnh, phn ln l bnh tim mch v ung th: (th 1) Trong thtng vt v nhng ph sn lin h nh trng, b, pho mt v sa c chanhiu cht cholesterol v cht bo bo ha (th 2) Tht ng vt khng ccht x v carbohydrate (th 3) Tiu th tht ng vt v cc sn phm bsa lm yu h tiu ha dn n nhiu dng ri lon ng rut (th 4) Cht

c ca cc loi thc n do cng nghip ch bin v phng php nui scvt theo kiu hin i mang li (th 5) Nhim trng trong tht ng vt, v(th 6) Cht m protein tht ng vt. (Dinh Dng Ngn Nga Bnh Tt,Tm Diu)

Ngoi ra, chng ta bit ng cc cha bin ch, rau u v tri cy cungcp cho chng ta nhiu cht dinh dng cn thit duy tr sc khe, nhcht sinh t (vitamins), cht khong (minerals), cht x (fiber), v carbo

phc tp (complex carbohydrates). Nhiu nghin cu khoa hc lin tcchng minh n nhiu rau, tri cy v u ht c th gim mc lm bnh

tim mch v ung th. Bi v chng khng c cholesterol, t cht bo boha, v c nhiu cht x. Gn y, cc nh khoa hc khm ph thm mtnhm cht mi c cha trong rau, tri cy v u ht, c kh nng phng vcho c th chng ta trnh c nhiu th bnh v lm chm tin trnh loha. l cht phytochemicals. Chng ti tm dch l cht ho tho.

Phytochemical l mt loi ha cht cha trong thc vt, nhm gip chochng c mu sc, mi v, v bo v cho chnh chng trnh khi s c nghitca thi tit v cc tt bnh. i vi con ngi, phn ln phytochemicalshot ng chng li s c xy ha (antioxidants), bo v cc m t bo v cc

b phn c th chng ta trnh b tn ph bi free radicals. Free radicals lnhng c t (toxic oxygen molecules) tit ra bi khi thuc, khi xe, khngkh nhim, tia nng mt tri, tia quang tuyn x-rays, v ph sn ca tintrnh bin ha nng lng (by-product of our metabolism) trong c thchng ta.


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Tng cng nn bit, trong nhng nm 1970s v nhng nm k tip, cckhoa hc gia ngi c, ngi M v ngi Php khm ph ra rng,nhng ngi Nht tiu th u h v cc sn phm bin ch t u nnh, mtrong c cht genistein, c t l thp b bnh ung th so vi ch nung khng c u h ca ngi Ty phng. Ngi dn Nht sinh sng tio Okinawa c t l nhiu ngi sng lu v sng khe nht th gii cngchnh v h n nhiu u nnh v cc sn phm t u nnh.

u nnh v cc sn phm bin ch t ht u nnh nh u h v sa unnh l thc n v thc ung chnh ca ngi Trung Hoa, Nht Bn v TriuTin. Dn chng ti mt s tnh thnh ti cc quc gia ny nhn c sau nnh nng vo mi sng nh ngi Ty phng nhn bo hng ngy tinh vy. c bit sa u nnh ngy nay sn xut ti Hoa K c phatrn thm vitamin nh B12, calcium, vitamin D v..v.. nn rt b dng.

Trong khu phn hng ngy, go lc, bnh m nu, rau ti v tri cy tichim phn quan trng v dinh dng. Nn n rau sng hay nu s hn lrau nu chn qu, s tht thot cc cht b dng. Go lc, bnh m nu, vu nnh di hnh thc u h v sa u nnh cung cp cht protein, chtkhong, mt s amino acids v cht sinh t. Rau v tri cy cung cp hai loithnh phn chnh: cht si v cht sinh t cng nh cht phytochemicals.

Cht si ch c trong rau, tri cy, ng cc v cc loi u. Si iu ho tiuho, chng to bn, chng bnh ti tha vch rut (diverticulum) v bnh

tr, gim thiu bnh tim v vi loi ung th. Trung bnh ngi ta cn khong15 n 20 gam si mi ngy. V d c c rt 15 cm cha 2 gam si.

Nhng n cho nhiu si l: tri cy, n c v nh v to cng tt, rausng, cc loi ht v u.

Rau v tri cy cung cp nhiu lng sinh t nh sinh t C, sinh t B6, sinht A, cht folate acid. Sinh t C v sinh t E c tnh cht chng oxy ho(antioxidant) c nhim v chng ung th v mt s bnh kinh nin. Muikhong cng thy nhiu trong tri cy v rau. Ngoi st v cht vi nh trn cp n, cht potassium (K) rt cn cho c th chng bnh cao phuyt. n cha nhiu K nh khoai ty v khoai lang, bp ci, chui,xoi, nho, cam, bi...

Vy lm th no chn thc phm cho thch hp?

Tha qu v, c su nguyn tc ngi n chay, mun n chay cho ng cchphi thc hin l:


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Th 1. Thay i thc phm thng xuyn:

Nh trn chng ti trnh by, khng mt mn n no cung cp y cht dinh dng cn thit chng hn nh cam cho nhiu sinh t C nhng likhng c sinh t B12 v mt s sinh t khc.

Chng ta c th nhn vo thp thc phm c mt nim no khichn thc phm. Tuy nhin cch nu n cng li l mt vn quan trngkhc lm ngi ta thch n hay khng. Ngi Vit Nam chng ta c cchnu n hi phc tp v hi mt th gi, nn nhiu khi khng thch hp choth h th hai sng ti hi ngoi. V th chng ta nn tm cch n gin hovic nu n m n vn ngon v vn c y nng lng.

Cc tr em tui ang pht trin, nht l phi n, cn n cc loi thc phm

c nhiu cht vi (calcium) gip xng pht trin. Nhng thc phmcha nhiu cht vi bao gm sa b, sa u nnh v cc mn n ch bint sa, b, u h cng cha nhiu cht vi. Sinh t D c nh hngnhiu n cht vi, nhng nu t ra nng hay ngi gi mi cn b sungthm vitamin D. St (iron) cng rt cn thit cho tr ang ln v ph n.Cht st c nhiu trong cc loi rau xanh, nht l rau mung, bp ci v ccloi u.

Th 2. Cn Qun bnh gia n ung v tp luyn th dc

Mp ph d a n mt s bnh tt nh cao p huyt, tai bin mch muno, tiu ng, mt s bnh ung th, vim khp, bnh h hp..v..v..

Mt trong nhng iu cn thit chng ta phi lm l to thi quen n ungtt nh trn chng ti trnh by. Tuy nhin vic n ung tt l chuyncn thit, nhng tp luyn th dc th thao tiu nng lng d tha lchuyn quan trng khng km. Chng ta khng nn b qu nhiu th gingi trc TV hay my vi tnh lm c th thiu vn ng, d a n bnhmp ph. Chng ta ch cn tp th dc cho chy m hi, tim p nhanh trongnhp tim p cho php nh chng ti trnh by ln trc. Tp khong 30

pht n mt gi mi ngy v 5 ln mi tun s gip cho c th trnh ct c hay l gim i s nguy hi ca t c. Th dc cn lm cho xngct c cng cp, tim mch c kho mnh, bp tht do dai; gip chotinh thn c sng khoi, bt lo u hi hp, hay b trm cm; tng s t tinv cm thy kho mnh yu i, gip d ng.

Th 3. Bt n mui:


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Sodium l loi mui dng hng ngy nm vo thc n, nu dng nhiu cth a n bnh cao p huyt. Thc n Vit Nam c nng mui cao lcc mn kho, cc mn phi kh, cc loi mm, v.v.. Thc phm Hoa K ccha nhiu mui l hp, cc thc phm bin ch n chi, cc lai junkfoods, khoai ty chin... Nhu cu mui hng ngy cho tr em v ngi lnl 1/4 mung nh mui l , thng c sn trong thc n hng ngy,trong nc chm, trong gia v nm nm n... Cho nn khi lm thc ntrong nh nn trnh nm nhiu mui n cho m . Khi mua thc nngoi lm sn nh hng, nn trnh mua thc n c nhiu mui. Nu lthc phm ng hp hay gi trong bao b, th phi nhn nhn hiu v nulng mui trn 100mg cho mi serving th khng nn mua.

Th 4. Trnh thc n cha cht bo bo ho (saturated fat) vcholesterol.

Nn hn ch bt cht bo th no cho t l cht bo trong thc n chimkhong 15-30% nng lng hng ngy. Cht bo cung cp nng lng vcng l cht trung gian khin sinh t A, D, E, v K c hp th qua vchrut. Nhng cht bo d tha, nht l cholesterol ng thnh vch mchmu lm mch mu nh hp dn, a n bnh tai bin mch mu no, haycn au tim nguy him. Nn dng du thc vt nu nng, nht l duolive hay Canola. Nn gim ti a vic n trng. Mt ci lng trng chokhong 200mg cholesterol.

Th 5. Bt n cht ngt:

ng l ting gi thng thng ca glucose hay carbohydrate, l mt trongba thnh phn dinh dng ca c th. Ngi Vit Nam cng nh cc dntc Chu khc n nhiu ng hn dn Ty phng qua dng cm, bn,m si hoc bnh m. Nhng thc n khc cho cht ng l sa, tri cy,rau v ht.

Khoa hc chng minh rng n nhiu ng khng lin quan g n bnhtiu ng m ch lin quan n bnh mp ph. V vy chng ta nn gim

bt n ngt, cn nu thch n ngt th phi tng cng vn ng th dc ththao tiu hao nng lng d tha.

Tuy nhin, ng, mui v cholesterol u cn thit cho c th, khng cng th khng c nng lng, khng c mui th khng c hot ng,khng c cholesterol th khng c kch thch t (hormone). Chng ta nn


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nh chng l nhng cht bn ch khng phi k th, nhng nu chngta dng nhiu qu th bn s tr thnh th, chng s lm chng ta bnh!

Th 6. Gim n Junk food:

Junk food l ting lng ch nhng n c mc dinh dng thp nhngli c qu nhiu cht khng tt nh ng, m, v mui c hi cho cth. Nhng mn junk food thng thng phi k l mn khoai ty chin(French fries), pizza, bnh ko, cc loi chip, ngha l hu ht cc mn bnti tim bn n ly ngay (fast food).

Nhng mn n trn lu lu n cng vui ming, nhng khng nn dngthng xuyn d b mp v cao m, cao mu. So snh vi cc mn ch cadn mnh th li c nhiu ng qu, nhng c ci t mui v

cholesterol.Kt Lun

iu quan trng nh chng ti trnh by l lm th no n chay cho ngphng php m phn ln l do s iu tha thc n sao cho cn bng giaci cung v cu cho c th, da vo thp thc phm chay, nhng c lchng ta cng khng nn p dng mt cch my mc, v n ung khng chl mt nhu cu sng cn, i vi qu v tu s cn phi c mt thn th khemnh, t bnh tt tu hnh. i vi nhng ngi thng, n ung cn l

mt s thng thc trong i sng hng ngy, cho nn lm th no nung mt cch thoi mi, khng qu g b m vn cung cp cho mnh lngdinh dng va , c l mt ngh thut v c tnh cht c nhn. Ngita bo c thc mi vc c o, c n ung ng hong, nht l n chay

phi ng phng php mi kho mnh. Tuy nhin, n nhiu cht b boqu th, tha qu v: ci ming n hi ci thn.


Phn trnh by ca chng ti n y l chm dt. Chng ti xin cm n

qu v lng nghe v mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca qu vv cc bn. Trc khi nhng li cho v dn chng trnh, chng ti xin ngh qu v t cu hi ri chng ta cng nhau tho lun. Chng ti nghrng nhiu v ang nghe c nhiu hiu bit v kinh nghim hn chng ti.Chng ti rt mong c hc hi thm ni qu v.

---o0o---


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PHN TH BA

Trong khi ch i cu hi, chng ti xin php qu v c mt vi cu hingn m chng ti nhn c trong thi gian hai thng va qua:

Cu Hi 1: C ngi ni cy c v si cng bit au, c cm gic. Nuchng ta n rau c cng lm chng au vy? ng ngh sao? Chng ti xinqu v cho bit kin v thc mc ny:

p: o Pht quan nim chng sinh gm hai thnh phn: chng sinh hutnh v chng sinh v tnh. V tnh chng sinh l y bo ca hu tnh chngsinh v chng sinh hu tnh l chnh bo, cho nn s sng ca cy c v hutnh chng sinh khc nhau. Cy c nh c r cy th mi cht cn ch ctngn l th khng cht, nu chng ta ct ngn, ta l th chng s ra nhnh

mi, cuc sng ca cy s pht trin thm, ti tt hn. Nhng nu chngta ct c mt con g hay con b th chng s chm dt mng sng chngngay.

Kinh nghim ca chng ti cho hay nhng ngi n chay c thc y bilng t bi, bi tm khng mun lm hi ngi, hi vt v hi s sng chungquanh s lu bn hn l do nhu cu sc kho c nhn thc y.

Cu Hi 2: Chng ti mt s t c dn lm ngh nh c Beaumont, tiubang Texas, sut ngy nh c, git c v n c, m a s c dn l nhng

ngi theo o khc. Chng ti mun tr thnh Pht t vy c th c tamquy v ng gii khng? Cu hi ny lin h n gip php nh Pht. Chngti xin gp vi o hu trc, sau trnh xin qu Thy, qu S C hindin trong din n tr li cho o hu r.

p: Theo thin ca chng ti, ng c th th Tam Quy tc l Quy y Pht,Quy y Php v Quy Tng. Cn v ng gii, ng c th th c bn gii,cn gii cm st sanh khng th th c v ng lm ngh nh c tc phmgii st sanh. Vn th gii trong o Pht l hnh ng t nguyn, khngai bt buc. Khng nn th ri li phm. l kin ring ca chng ti.

Nhn y c nhiu bc tn tc nh qu Thng ta chng minh, xin quThy, qu S C cho bit tn v vic ny.

Chng ti xin c tip cu hi th 3 ca mt c gi t Php Quc. Nguynvn cu hi nh sau:


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Cu Hi th ba: Trong quyn sch c ta l o G? xut bn nm 1996Thng To Thch Tr Siu, Php Quc c vit: mt ln trong bui thuyt

php ca Lt Ma Thrangou Rinpoch (mt v Lt Ma cao cp ca phiKagyupa), c ngi hi: "Ti sao cc S Ty Tng khng n chay?".Thrangou Rinpoch tr li: "Dn Ty Tng git mt con Yak nui c 10ngi trong mt thng, trong khi nu ra v nu mt b ci lm cht bit

bao cn trng su b m ch nui c mt ngi trong mt ba. Vy th cino li v ai st sinh nhiu hn?". Thy Tr Siu cho bit (xin trch nguynvn) cu tr li ca Lt Ma Thrangou Rinpoch cng ch l mt li bin hcho ngi n tht m thi.

Vy theo ca C s nh th no? Chng ti xin mi qu v cho bit kin:

p: Theo t in Bch khoa, yak l mt loi tru sng cc vng cao

Ty Tng v Trung cn nng trung bnh khong 1200 pounds c tui thl 25 nm. Chng n c, tho mc v nm hoang. Trong sut 25 nmtrng, con tru yak ny lm cht bit bao nhiu cn trng su b mi khichng n c, tho mc v nm hoang ln trong . Lm sao c th so snhngi n tht con tru yak st sinh nhiu hn hay ngi n b rau ci st sinhnhiu hn v s so snh ny qu chnh lch.

Vi ngi n tht b nui Hoa K th mi mt kilogram tht phi tn 10kilograms ng cc, cho nn ni rng ngi n chay, tc n ng cc, git hinhiu su b cn trng hn l ngi n tht, l sai lm. Cc nh khoa hc

tnh, ch n mt pound tht b l 220 square feet rng cy nhit i vngTrung M b ph hu v hu qu l bit bao sinh vt v vi sinh vt b git vdo s ph hu rng pht sinh ra 500 pounds kh cc bon ai c xai vo bukh quyn lm gia tng nng m qu a cu.

Cu Hi Th 4: Ti n chay trng c hn 10 nm nhng khi i thmu bc s ni cholesterol ca ti gn border line (220) v m thc vttryglycerite cao hn bnh thng v mp na. Nh th c nh hng g nsc kho?

Tr li : Nhng ngi n chay, nht l ngi Vit chng ta thng dngnhiu cht tinh bt nh cm trng, ph, m, bn v cc loi bnh lm bng

bt go v dng nhiu ng na. Tt c u tham gia vo qu trnh tonng lng hot ng c th. Nu c th khng dng ht nng lng,nng lng d tha s c chuyn thnh cc acid bo v triglyceride mhu qu cui cng l lm tng khi lng m trong c th.


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V vy vic bo ph v tng m mu nhng ngi n chay trng l do ch n khng ng cch: thiu s iu ha v cht m, cht carbohydrate vcht bo, qu d tha cht ng, cht tinh bt, dn n vic to nn qunhiu trglycerite. Trong khi , cholesterol li c xu hng thp hn v lmgim nhiu cholesterol tt, cn cholesterol xu li tng ln.

n chay trng phi n ng cch nh chng ti trnh by trong phnthuyt trnh k trc v k ny mi c kt qu tt. Nn nh l phi n adng nhiu loi thc phm. Nu ch n mt hoc hai th thc phm, thkhng th no y c. Th d ch n cm vi rau th s thiu mt samino acid thit yu, c th c nh hng n vic to thnh cc cht vnchuyn m apolipoprotein trong mch mu. iu tch lu dn theo tuinn nhng ngi n chay nh tui thng t c nguy c b cc bnh timmch hn. Vi nhng ngi n chay trng trn 50 tui, nguy c x va

ng mch cng chng km ngi thng nu khng n chay ng phngphp.

Do vy, o hu vn c th n chay trng, nhng trnh bnh tt, nguyc t t v cc bnh l tim mch, v bnh tiu ng do ch n qunhiu tinh bt v ng, o hu cn p dng mt ch n chay ng cchv luyn tp th dc. Nn nh l cn phi n chay ng phng php vluyn tp th dc. Do luyn tp th dc tc l t calories, nn cc hotng ca c bp tht s gip ng a vo c th c s dng hay lt ht calories.

Cu Hi Th 5: Ti nghe ni u nnh gip b thn cho ngi b bnh tiung loi 2. iu ny c ng khng?

Tr Li: ng nh o hu nghe ni. Theo kt cc nghin cu khoa hcca trng i hc University of Illinois ti Urbana Champaign c ngti trn Tp san Dinh Dng Hoa K Journal of Nutrition thng 8 nm 2004,th chc nng b phn thn ca nhng ngi b bnh tiu ng loi 2 cci thin tt nh mt ch dinh dng bng cht m (protein) u nnh,km thm mt li ch khc na l hm lng cholesterol tt (HDL) cngc gia tng. c bit chc nng ca b phn thn thng b suy yusau mt thi gian di mc bnh tiu ng.

Gii thch v s gia tng cholesterol HDL, kt qu nghin cu cho bitprotein t u nnh c tnh cht khc vi protein ng vt. Trong khi dngbt protein u nnh, mt loi amino acid trong mu ca bnh nhn c tn l


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arginine tng ln. Arginine chnh l tin thn ca nitric oxide - hp chtgip gin n mch mu v gip ngn nga cc bnh tim mch.

Cu Hi Th 6. Ti sao nhn

Van de an Chay - Tam Dieu

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