Values and Personality Characteristics as Predictors of Ethnic Intolerance Lusine Grigoryan
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Transcript of Values and Personality Characteristics as Predictors of Ethnic Intolerance Lusine Grigoryan
Values and Personality Values and Personality Characteristics as Predictors of Characteristics as Predictors of
Ethnic IntoleranceEthnic Intolerance
Lusine GrigoryanLusine GrigoryanNational Research University – Higher School of National Research University – Higher School of
EconomicsEconomics
Starting pointStarting point
There are many different explanatory models of There are many different explanatory models of ethnic intolerance, but an integrated model, included ethnic intolerance, but an integrated model, included all predictors of ethnic intolerance, still doesn’t exist. all predictors of ethnic intolerance, still doesn’t exist. There are many “white spots” in this filed:There are many “white spots” in this filed:
– One of them is interrelations between individual values One of them is interrelations between individual values and ethnic intolerance;and ethnic intolerance;
– Another – the importance of social and personality Another – the importance of social and personality predictors. predictors.
Purpose of this study is to reveal interconnections between individual values, personal characteristics and ethnic intolerance.
Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background
The Authoritarian Personality (T. Adorno)The Authoritarian Personality (T. Adorno), , theory theory of social categorization and social identity (H. of social categorization and social identity (H. Tajfel),Tajfel), studies of J. Berry and N. Lebedeva, etc.studies of J. Berry and N. Lebedeva, etc.
Theory of basic human values (Sh. Shwartz)Theory of basic human values (Sh. Shwartz)
This theory of personality factors (R. Cattell)This theory of personality factors (R. Cattell)
Main hypothesisMain hypothesis
Individual values and personal characteristics are interrelated with ethnic intolerance.
Sub-hypothesesSub-hypotheses
1.1. Such personality Such personality factors as Emotional stability, Rule-Consciousness, Vigilance, Apprehension, Openness to change are connected with ethnic intolerance index negatively.negatively.
2.2. Such individual values as Power, Achievement, Such individual values as Power, Achievement, Hedonism, Security, Conformity and Tradition are Hedonism, Security, Conformity and Tradition are connected with ethnic intolerance positively, while connected with ethnic intolerance positively, while Stimulation, Self-direction, Universalism and Stimulation, Self-direction, Universalism and Benevolence – negatively.Benevolence – negatively.
3.3. There are significant differences in values and traits There are significant differences in values and traits between two polar groups: “tolerant” and “intolerant” between two polar groups: “tolerant” and “intolerant” respondents. respondents.
4.4. Individual values have more effect on attitude towards Individual values have more effect on attitude towards ethnic tolerance/intolerance compared with personality ethnic tolerance/intolerance compared with personality factors.factors.
MethodMethod
Survey
Questionnaire included: Schwartz’s Value Survey (SVS, 57-item)Schwartz’s Value Survey (SVS, 57-item);; Tolerance scale (J. Berry) (Cronbach's Tolerance scale (J. Berry) (Cronbach's αα = .73); = .73); 16 PF (R. Cattell)16 PF (R. Cattell)..
Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background
Universalism
Benevolence
ConformityTradition
Security
Self-Direction
Stimulation
Achievement
Power
Hedonism
SampleSample
Ethnicity N Age Percent of
womenMedian Spread
RussiansRussians 104 20 18 – 34 62
Results Results
Connections between individual values and Connections between individual values and ethnic intolerance indexethnic intolerance index
IntoleranceIntoleranceBenevolenceBenevolence - .28**- .28**UniversalismUniversalism - .2- .200*** p < 0.05* p < 0.05, , **** p < 0.01p < 0.01
IntoleranceIntoleranceSelf-transcendenceSelf-transcendence - .28**- .28**** p < 0.01** p < 0.01
ResultsResults
Interconnections between personality factors and Interconnections between personality factors and ethnic intolerance ethnic intolerance
IntoleranceIntoleranceRule-Consciousness (from low Rule-Consciousness (from low to high Super Ego Strength)to high Super Ego Strength)
--.20*.20*
Openness to change (from Openness to change (from Conservatism to Radicalism)Conservatism to Radicalism)
--.23*.23*
* p < 0.05* p < 0.05
ResultsResults
ConservationConservation
Conformity
Conformity
SecuritySecurity
Self-transcendenceSelf-transcendence
BenevolenceBenevolence
Openness to change Openness to change
Self-directionSelf-direction
Rule-Consciousness Rule-Consciousness (from low to high Low (from low to high Low Super Ego Strength)Super Ego Strength)
.36** .36** .42**.42** .36** .36** .27**.27** .29** .29**
Openness to change Openness to change (from conservatism to (from conservatism to
radicalism)radicalism)
.20*.20* .29**.29**
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01
Interconnections between individual values and personality Interconnections between individual values and personality factors factors
ResultsResults
Dependents Dependents variablevariable
Independent variablesIndependent variables RR22
Openness to changeOpenness to change
IntoleranceIntolerance - .07 **- .07 ** .06.06** ** p < 0.01p < 0.01
Regression analysis:
ResultsResults
Group 1: intolerance index > Group 1: intolerance index > 2 (22 2 (22 respondentsrespondents);); Group 2: intolerance index Group 2: intolerance index < 0.< 0.6767 (15 (15 respondentsrespondents).).
BenevolenceBenevolenceUU-test-test 76.576.5
ZZ -2.76-2.76pp .005.005
Self-Self-transcendencetranscendence
UU-test-test 9898ZZ -2.07-2.07pp .04.04
Significant differences in Significant differences in individual valuesindividual values
Significant differences in Significant differences in value typesvalue types
Correlates and predictors of Correlates and predictors of ethnic intoleranceethnic intolerance
Intolerance
Благожелательность
Универсализм
Rule-Consciousness
Openness to change
Negative correlation Negative regression
Value Personality factor
Self -transcendence
Universalism
Benevolence
ResultsResults
SourcesSources FF ppCorrected modelCorrected model 1.561.56 .05.05
TraditionTradition 2.552.55 ..0404BenevolenceBenevolence 3.653.65 .01.01UniversalismUniversalism 3.783.78 .00.00
55HedonismHedonism 2.492.49 .03.03PowerPower 2.862.86 .02.02
ANOVA model:ANOVA model:
Corrected RCorrected R22 = 0.22 = 0.22
ResultsResults
IntoleranceTradition
F = 2.55*
UniversalismF = 3.78**
HedonismF = 2.49*
PowerF = 2.86*
BenevolenceF = 3.65**
FindingsFindings Interconnections between values, Interconnections between values,
personality factors and ethnic intolerance personality factors and ethnic intolerance were revealed, so the main hypothesis of the were revealed, so the main hypothesis of the study was confirmed.study was confirmed.
Such personality factors as Rule-Such personality factors as Rule-Consciousness and Openness to change and Consciousness and Openness to change and such values as Benevolence and such values as Benevolence and Universalism (values of Self-transcendence) Universalism (values of Self-transcendence) negatively connected with ethnic negatively connected with ethnic intolerance.intolerance.
Individual values have stronger effect on Individual values have stronger effect on attitude towards ethnic tolerance/intolerance attitude towards ethnic tolerance/intolerance compared with personality characteristics.compared with personality characteristics.
Thank you for attention!Thank you for attention!