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Values & Beliefs

Sri Warsini, S.Kep.,Ns.,MKes

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Values

Are freely chosen, enduring beliefs orattitudes about the worth of a person,object, idea or action

Values are significant in choice making(Saladay & McDonnell 1989, p 544)

Considered subjective, vary across people

& cultures & are in many ways alignedwith belief & belief system

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Contd

Freedom, courage, family, and dignity areexample of values

Values is basic for forming behavior

A persons real values are shown byconsistent patterns of behavior Once we aware of our values, they

become an internal control for behavior

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Value system

Is a set of consistent valuesValues underlie purposive behavior which

refers to actions that are performed on

purpose with the intention of reachingsome goal

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Purposive behavior is based on a personsdecisions or choices, and these decisionsor choices are based on underlying values

Personal values reflect experiences and apersons intelligence

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Value set

Each persons; nurse, client and physicianhas a personal set of values

A value set is the group of values a person

holds Individuals incorporate personal values

into their lives as a result of observing the

behavior and attitudes of parents andteachers and interacting with theircultural, religion, and social environment

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Type of Values

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Positif

Negatif

VALUES

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Intrinsic Values

Relates to the maintenance of life Intrinsic value is strongly linked to the

purpose in life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purposehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpose

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Extrinsic Values

Originates outside the individual and is notnecessary for the maintenance of life

Ex/ Holism, and humanism

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Positive Values

Is a view of what is desirable or howsomething should be

Ex: Nurses value such as caring

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Negative Values

Is a view of what is undesirable or howsomething should not be

Ex: Talking unkindly about clients isconsidered by many nurses to beundesirable. Therefore, being unkind to

clients is a negative value

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Types of Values1. Religious: obtains strength from religious

beliefs

2. Theoretical : Holds truth, rationality, andempiricism in high esteem

3. Political : Values power4. Economic: Values usefulness and practicality5. Aesthetic: Values beauty, and harmony

6. Social : Values human interactions is kind,sympathetic, and unselfish

7. Ethical/moral values

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Values Transmission

The origin of a persons values are culturesociety, institutions, and personality

Values are learned through observation &experiences

Acquiring values is a gradual process,usually occurring at an unconscious level

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Personal values

Some values which derive from the society inwhich they live and internalize them

Societal values need to feel accepted, butpersonal values to individualize themselves

Societal values : individual right, autonomy,democracy, equal opportunity, education,friendship, family

Personal values : self-worth, religion,independence, honesty, love, sense of humor

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Professional values

Often a reflection and expansion ofpersonal values

Acquired during socialization into nursing

from codes ethics, nursing experiences,teachers and peers

Nursing values relate to competence and

compassion

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Four important values of Nursing(Watson, 1981)

1. Strong commitment to service2. Belief in the dignity and worth of each

person

3. Commitment to education4. Autonomy

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Values and NormsValues are related to the normsValues are more general and abstract Norms are rules for behavior in specific

situations, while values identify what

should be judged as good or evil Flying the national flag on holiday is a

norm, it reflects value of patriotism

Wearing dark clothing are normativebehavior at a funeral, it reflects the valuesof respect of other

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Social Norms

Are the behavioral expectations & cueswithin a society or group.

The rules that a group uses forappropriate and inappropriate values,beliefs, attituted & behaviors

Customary rules of behavior thatcoordinate our interactions with others

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Beliefs

Are interpretation or conclusions that weaccept as true (Chaffee 1990, p.187)

Based more on faith than on fact and mayor may not true