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![Page 1: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Validation in Geant4
Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006
Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS)
for the Geant4 Collaboration
![Page 2: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Lowest energy (E < 170MeV )– Capture – Isotope productions
• Intermediate energies (170MeV < E < 20.0GeV) – Bertini Cascade– Binary Cascade– Low Energy Parameterization Model
• High energy models (20GeV < E)– Quark Gluon String Model– High Energy Parameterization Model
• Special topics– Elastic– Gamma-nuclear – Low Energy Neutrons (E<20MeV)– Ions
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Hadron capture at rest on nuclei
Following processes implemented by CHIPS model
(LEP models also available, however not as detailed)
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Verification of nuclear capture at restCHIPS Model
![Page 5: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Verification of nuclear capture at restCHIPS Model
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CHIPS Model
ππ
protonproton
neutronneutron
deuterondeuteron
He-4He-4 He-3He-3
KK
tritontriton
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Pre-compound model
• In following plots the Geant4 pre-compound model coupled with evaporation model to handle low energy de-excitation of nucleus
• Pre-compound is exciton model
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Neutron Production Cross Section
Sn (p, X n) 35MeVSn (p, X n) 35MeV Bi (p, X n) 90MeVBi (p, X n) 90MeV
Exciton (Pre-compound) Exciton (Pre-compound) EvaporationEvaporation
dσ/d
T [
mb/
MeV
]dσ
/dT
[m
b/M
eV]
T[MeV]T[MeV]
00 3300 00 8800
11 11
1100 11
00dσ
/dT
[m
b/M
eV]
dσ/d
T [
mb/
MeV
]
Secondary neutrons are created in Secondary neutrons are created in
T[MeV]T[MeV]
![Page 9: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Isotope production by pre-compound models
• We have two pre-compound models. – One is currently integrated within Bertini Model– Another is implemented independently, so that it can
be used by itself or coupled to Binary Model
• The range of nuclear excitation energies handled by these pre-compoud models are most important to isotope production
• Next two slides compare the two models to data.
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Isotope production by Bertini Model
Typical performance of Bertini is found to be comparable to codes such asTypical performance of Bertini is found to be comparable to codes such as ABLA (ABLA (A.R. Junghans et al., Nucl. Phys. A629 1998 635) andand GEMGEM (S. Furihata, Nucl. Inst. & Meth. B171 2000 251) which are describing the de-excitation stagewhich are describing the de-excitation stage
Average production number of Average production number of neutron and protonneutron and proton
Mass Yield curve for 78As with 380 MeV protonsMass Yield curve for 78As with 380 MeV protons
σ [
mb]
σ [
mb]
Mass NumberMass Number
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data
Binary
Bertini
Data: H. Vonach et al., Physical Review C, 55, 2458, 199705
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Intermediate energies (170 MeV < E < 3.0 GeV)
Binary CascadeBertini Cascade
and LEP
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Verification Suite for the Cascade Energy Region
• We have developed since 2002 as test30
• Neutron production by p, d, , 12C with E < 3 GeV
• P + A -> n + X• d + A -> n + X + A -> n + X• 12C + A -> n + X
• Pion production• P + A -> π± + X
• 73 thin target experiments with reasonably small systematic
• Control on differential spectra (63 histograms)
• Models under testing:– Binary Cascade– Binary Light Ion Cascade– Bertini Cascade– Wilson-Abrasion model– CHIPS– LHEP
• Additionally to double differential spectra for comparisons with the data a set of histograms with inclusive spectra is produced
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Neutron spectra by 256 MeV protons Binary and Bertini Cascades
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Neutron spectra by 256 MeV protons LEP
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Neutron spectra by protons in Aluminum
Binary Cascade Bertini Cascade
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Neutron spectra by protons in Lead
Binary Cascade Bertini Cascade
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Neutron spectra by 1.5 and 3 GeV protons
K. Ishibashi et al., J,NST,34,(6),529,199706K. Ishibashi et al., J,NST,34,(6),529,199706
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Charged pions spectra produced by 600 MeV protons at 45 degrees
Binary Cascade Bertini Cascade
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Around a few 10 of GeVwe only have parameterization mod
els (LEP and HEP).And we are working on alternative
models in this energy range.
New parameterized modeland/or
Extended Bertini model
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High Energy >50GeV
We have 3 models for these energies, however
we mainly show results from QGS model.
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QGS Model QGS Model Pi- Scattering on Au, Plab 100 GeV/c
J.J.Whitmore et.al., Z.Phys.C62(1994)199
REAC PI- AU -- PI- XREAC PI- AU -- PI- X REAC PI- AU -- PI+ XREAC PI- AU -- PI+ X
Rapidity
z
z
pE
p+E=η ln
2
1
Rapidity
z
z
pE
p+E=η ln
2
1
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QGS ModelQGS Model K+ Scattering on Au, Plab100GeV/c
z
z
pE
p+E=η ln
2
1
Solid dots: J.J.Whitmore et.al., Z.Phys.C62(1994)199
Rapidity Pt2 [GeV2]
z
z
pE
p+E=η ln
2
1
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QGS ModelQGS Model pi- Scattering on Mg, Plab 320 GeV/c
Rapidity Pt2 [GeV2]
z
z
pE
p+E=η ln
2
1
Z.Phys.C62(1994)199
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HEP ModelHEP Model pi- Scattering on Mg, Plab 320 GeV/c
Rapidity Pt2 [GeV2]
z
z
pE
p+E=η ln
2
1
Z.Phys.C62(1994)199
HEPHEP
QGSQGS
HEPHEP
QGSQGS
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Elastic ScatteringSeveral models are available
• LElastic (based on GHEISHA) is most widely used elastic model.
• We have several alternative models: – LEnp and LEpp (coherent elastic for proton and neutron based o
n phase shift analysis) – HPElastic ( neutron nucleus elastic scatting below 20MeV)– Coherent Elastic (Glauber model for > 1GeV, hadron nucleus ela
stic scattering) – QElastic (CHIPS implementation of pp pn np elastic scattering)
• Hadron nucleus elastic scattering under development
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Coherent Elastic Modelproton 1GeV on 28Si
Θ [degree]Θ [degree]00 16161010
dσ/d
Ω [
mb/
str]
dσ/d
Ω [
mb/
str]
1010-2-2
101044
101000
![Page 28: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
np Elastic Cross Sectionnp Elastic Cross Section
GHAD = Geant4 default Cross SectionsGHAD = Geant4 default Cross Sections
![Page 29: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Arndt’s Approx. Arndt’s Approx. G4LElasticG4LElasticCHIPS fitCHIPS fitCHIPS simulationCHIPS simulation
CHIPS improvement of np elastic scatteringCHIPS improvement of np elastic scattering
![Page 30: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
pp Elastic Cross Sectionpp Elastic Cross Section
GHAD = Geant4 default Cross SectionsGHAD = Geant4 default Cross Sections
ElectromagneticElectromagnetic
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Arndt’s Approx. Arndt’s Approx. G4LElasticG4LElasticCHIPS fitCHIPS fitCHIPS simulationCHIPS simulation
![Page 32: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
gamma-nuclear reactions
Following plots are validation of CHIPS implemented processes
![Page 33: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Verification of gamma-nuclear reactionsCHIPS ModelCHIPS Model
![Page 34: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Verification of gamma-nuclear reactionsCHIPS ModelCHIPS Model
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Low Energy (<20MeV) Neutrons
Neutron High Precision Models andData Sets
These are data driven models, therefore comparison results to the ENDF data should be very close.
![Page 36: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Verification of High Precision Neutron models Channel Cross Sections
20MeV neutron on 157Gd
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
Ela
stic
Cap
ture
Inel
astic
Inel
astic
Inel
astic
Inel
astic
Inel
astic
Inel
astic
(n,nγ ) (n,2n) (n,nα ) (n,np) (n,p) (n,α )
Cro
ssS
ectio
n [b
arn]
G4ENDF
Geant4 results are derived from thin target calculations
![Page 37: Validation in Geant4 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop FNAL, 6-8 September 2006 Koi, Tatsumi (SLAC/SCCS) for the Geant4 Collaboration.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5516c548550346f6208b5a13/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Verification of High Precision Neutron Models Energy Spectrum of Secondary Particles
Gd154 (n,2n) channel
0.0E+005.0E- 081.0E- 071.5E- 072.0E- 072.5E- 073.0E- 073.5E- 074.0E- 074.5E- 07
0 2E+06 4E+06 6E+06 8E+06 1E+07 1E+07
secondary neutron energy [eV]
ENDFG4 result
20MeV neutron on 154Gd
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IonsBinary Light Ions CascadeWilson Abrasion Ablation
Electromagnetic Dissociation
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Neutron Yield Fe 400 MeV/n beams
CarbonThick Target Aluminum Thick Target
T. Kurosawa et al., Phys. Rev. C62 pp. 04461501 (2000)
Carbon Aluminum
Binary Light Ions CascadeBinary Light Ions Cascade
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Validation of Wilson Abrasion Ablation Model
12C-C 1050 MeV/nuc
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
C11 C10 B11 B10 Be10 Be9 Be7 Li8 Li7 Li6 He6
Fragment
cros
s-se
ctio
n [m
b]
Abrasion + ablation
Experiment
NUCFRG2
J W Wilson et al., “NUCFRG2: An evaluation of the semi-emperical nuclear fragmentation database,” NASA Technical Paper 3533, 1995.
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Validation of G4EMDissociaton Model
Projectile Energy[GeV/nuc]
Product from ED
G4EMDissociation
[mbarn]
Experiment[mbarn]
Mg-24 3.7 Na-23 + p 124 2 154 31
Si-28 3.7 Al-27 + p 107 1 186 56
14.5 Al-27 + p 216 2 165 24†128 33‡
O-16 200 N-15 + p 331 2 293 39†342 22*
M A Jilany, “Electromagnetic dissociation of 3.7 A GeV 24Mg and 28Si projectiles in nuclear emulsion,” Nucl Phys, A705, 477-493, 2002.
Target Emulsion nuclei: Ag 61.7%, Br 34.2%, CNO 4.0% and H 0.1%Target Emulsion nuclei: Ag 61.7%, Br 34.2%, CNO 4.0% and H 0.1%
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SATIF8 Inter-comparisonwith JENDL HE Cross Section
Iron
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Source Neutron Energy [GeV]
neut
ron
atte
nuat
ion
leng
th
v8.0.p01IMPROVED
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Conclusions
• We have shown validations from low energy neutrons, precompound, cascade, high energy and elastic models– These are most important for hadronic shower shape.– We did not show many validation from 20 to 50 GeV, because w
e are still developing new models for those energies.– Agreements with data is good for most case, disagreement indic
ates that improvements are needed in • diffraction part of QGS model• nuclear model of Bertini model
• hadron capture, ions and gamma nuclear– These are also useful– CHIPS based hadron capture model agrees well with data– Binary Light Ions Cascade have unexpectedly good agreement f
or heavy ions collision but improvement needed in correlation of participant nucleons and transition to precompound model
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Back Up Slides
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Verification of nuclear capture at restCHIPS Model
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Verification of nuclear capture at restCHIPS Model
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Neutron spectra by protons in Iron
Binary Cascade Bertini Cascade
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Neutron spectra by 256 MeV protons Binary and Bertini Cascades
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Neutron spectra by protons in Aluminum
CHIPS LHEP
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Neutron spectra by 800 MeV protons Binary and Bertini Cascades
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Neutron spectra by 800 MeV protons Binary and Bertini Cascades
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Neutron spectra by 800 MeV protons Binary and Bertini Cascades
• There are more forward neutrons produced by Binary Cascade
• There are more low-energy neutrons produced by Bertini Cascade
• There are more backward neutrons produced by Bertini Cascade
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Charged pions spectra produced by 600 MeV protons at 45 degrees
LEP
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-/+ production from 730 MeV protons
Bertini Bertini CascadCascade Modele Model
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15º 60º
150º
Binary Cascade ModelBinary Cascade Model p(3.GeV) Al n X
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HEP ModelHEP Modelpi+(70deg) from proton (400GeV) on Ta
HEPHEP
QGSQGS
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QGSP Physics ListQGS ModelQGS Model + Precompound Model
C. D. Dermer, Apj 307 47-59 (1986) C. D. Dermer, Apj 307 47-59 (1986)
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FTFP Physics ListFTF ModelFTF Model + Precompound
C. D. Dermer, Apj 307 47-59 (1986) C. D. Dermer, Apj 307 47-59 (1986)
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CHIPS improvement of np elastic scatteringCHIPS improvement of np elastic scattering
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Verification of gamma-nuclear reactionsVerification of gamma-nuclear reactionsCHIPS modelCHIPS model
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Verification of High Precision Neutron Models Energy Spectrum of Secondary Particles
Photon Energy Disitributino fromNeutron (1E- 5eV) Captured by 197Au
1.0E- 08
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1.0E- 04
1.0E- 03
1.0E- 02
1.0E- 01
1.0E+00
0.0E+00 1.0E+06 2.0E+06 3.0E+06 4.0E+06 5.0E+06 6.0E+06 7.0E+06
Energy [eV]
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ENDFG4result
Cold Neutron Captured by 197Au (0K)
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Neutrons from C on C at 290 MeV/n
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SATIF 8 Inter-comparisonwith JENDL HE Cross Section
Concrete
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Source Neutron Energy [GeV]
neut
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v8.0.p01IMPROVED