VAHUI

MAGAZINE

2006

Inside Front Cover:

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Vahui Magazine 2006

Vahui Magazine 2006

The Pigeon Magazine 2006

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Vahui Magazine 2006

The Colophon

Vahui Magazine 2006

A major publication of Florida Zomi Innkuan USA, Inc. (FZIUSA,

Inc.)

Edited by Taang Zomi

Published by Taang Neng Khan Pau

Produced by Taang Sian Ngen Kam

Circulated by Taang Vungh Lian Mang

Copyright © 2006 Taang Zomi for FZIUSA, Inc.

First Edition, November, 2006

First Printing, November, 2006

Permission is granted to copy or reprint portions for noncommercial use, with proper

credit given to this Magazine and to the authors.

Printed in the United States of America

Articles for the next issue of the Vahui Magazine should be sent to:

ZomiMagazine@gmail.com

ZoHuiVa@gmail.com

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Vahui Magazine 2006

Table of ContentsVahui Magazine 2006......................................................................................................................1

The Colophon..............................................................................................................................2I Thu Bulphuh..................................................................................................................................6

Our Motto....................................................................................................................................6Vahui Magazine 2006 .....................................................................................................................7

Magazine Committee..................................................................................................................7Pawlpi Keem Siate tawh Thudot-Kimuhnate..................................................................................9

Pastor Tg. Eddie Ngin Hang tawh Thudot-Kimuhna..................................................................9Rev. Tg. Thawng Lian Khup tawh thudot-kimuhna.................................................................10Pastor Tg. Kham Do Thang tawh thudot-kimuhna...................................................................11Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau tawh thudot-kimuhna.............................................................................12

Florida Zomi Innkuan (USA) ........................................................................................................13Executive Committee (2004-2005)...........................................................................................13Executive Committee (2005-2006)...........................................................................................14

Kum 58 Cin’na Zomi Nam Ni Pawi.....................................................................................15Endikpi’ Lailam Pulaakna..............................................................................................................16

Endikpi......................................................................................................................................16I. Hih Magazine a ziakaina thu.............................................................................................16II. Hih Magazine sung-a laigelh zia.....................................................................................17

A. Min malgawm zia..............................................................................................17B. Mun Awng (Space) koih zia..............................................................................19C. Tomlaak (Abbreviation) zat zia........................................................................21D. Kammal Kinaaisak zia leh Kihalsak zia............................................................24E. Zat zia pawlkhat.................................................................................................26

III. Lungdam Kohna ............................................................................................................28IV. Thuumna.........................................................................................................................28

Zomi Nam Ni leh I Tavuan.......................................................................................................30Tg. Vung Lian Mang.................................................................................................................30

A New Chin Paradigm ..................................................................................................................36Maj. Tg. S. Khup Cin Pau (Retd.).............................................................................................36

Tedim Pau Manphatna...................................................................................................................42Rev. Tg. Khup Za Go, M.A., M.Th..........................................................................................42

Zolai leh Zolai Simbu....................................................................................................................46Tg. Kaptawng............................................................................................................................46

Kampau, Lai, Ngeina leh Minam...................................................................................................50Tg. Eddie N. Hang....................................................................................................................50

Minam Gampi Khat, Minpi Khat leh Paupi Khat.......................................................................53Tg. Hangsai (Zoland)................................................................................................................53

Zomi Cih Tawh Kisai Thu.............................................................................................................58

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Tg. Cin Za Lian.........................................................................................................................58Zomi leh Kawlgam........................................................................................................................64

Rev. Tg. Mang Khan Khup.......................................................................................................64An Overview of the Trend of the Zomi Social-Cultural Development in Recent Years ..............69

Tg. Zam Sian Khai....................................................................................................................69Lai Simbu pan Pau Sinbu-ah..........................................................................................................86

Tg. Khoi Lam Thang.................................................................................................................86Tedim Zomite leh Kipawlna..........................................................................................................88

Tg. Khup Khan Thang...............................................................................................................88Tedim BEHS No. 1 Golden Jubilee Magazine..............................................................................92

Tg. Hau Za Cin, Shillong..........................................................................................................92Millenium Lungdam Bawl, Lamka-ah ......................................................................................95

Tg. Hau Za Cin, Shillong..........................................................................................................95Kigawm Ding Maw, Kikhen Zaw Ding?.......................................................................................98

Tg. Hau Za Chin, Shillong........................................................................................................98Zomi leh Pilna Zon’na.................................................................................................................100

Tg. Hau Za Cin, Shillong........................................................................................................100Zomi Numeite in Pasalte Bangci Phaak Theih Ding...................................................................103

Dr. Tg. Hau Za Cin.................................................................................................................103Rev. Khup Za Go’ Thu................................................................................................................107

Pu Tg. Lian Za Go...................................................................................................................107Khuado Pawi...............................................................................................................................110

Tg. J. Thang Lian Pau.............................................................................................................110Pasian in Zomi (Chin)-te Hong Zangh.........................................................................................118

Tg. Chin Khua Khai................................................................................................................118Nelson Tonu Kiang Hawhna .......................................................................................................126

Rev. Tg. Tun Cin Kap (Kaptawng).........................................................................................126Zogam leh Zomite’ Khan’toh Nading a Ngaihsut Huai Thu Pawlkhat ......................................129

Tg. Thang Za Dal....................................................................................................................129Zomite America Tun’ Dan leh Nun’taak Zia Tawmkhat.............................................................132

Tg. Ngaih Lian Swante...........................................................................................................132Zomi (Myanmar Northern Chin Hills-a Tedimmite pen Zomi, Ciimnuaimi leh Chinmi Ahihna Uh) leh a Gam a Lei Uh ..............................................................................................................137

Tg. Kham Lam Tuang Hangshing, Phaipi .............................................................................137Guite Numei in Sal Khawi Thei...................................................................................................142

Tg. Hang Khan Lian................................................................................................................142Kawl leh Zo Kilamdan’na............................................................................................................144

Dr. Tg. Vum Son.....................................................................................................................144Zolai -- Tedim leh Teizang..........................................................................................................146

Tg. Pau Cin Thang..................................................................................................................146I. Zolai Bulpite Pawlkhat....................................................................................................146II. Tedim leh Teizang........................................................................................................149

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III. Zolai Punctuation: Hyphen, En-Dash, Em-Dash, Colon, etc......................................151A New, Inclusive Name In Place of Burma/Myanmar ...............................................................153

Goodheart................................................................................................................................153An Inclusive Name for a Country:..............................................................................................154How Others Did It .......................................................................................................................154

The Voice of a Zomi...............................................................................................................154Ka Nu...........................................................................................................................................162

Tg. Tung Za Pau......................................................................................................................162Zomi Christian Netwok................................................................................................................166

Tg. Zam King Mang................................................................................................................166Ak Khuang ta, Thawh Hun ta!.....................................................................................................170

Rev. Tg. Tung Za Pau.............................................................................................................170“Zomi” cih tawh kisai..................................................................................................................180

Tg. Hang Khan Lian................................................................................................................180FZI Cup........................................................................................................................................181

Tg. Ongpu...............................................................................................................................181Burmese Democracy....................................................................................................................183

Lia Dim San............................................................................................................................183Florida Zomite’ Thu Ciaptehna (1998-2005)..............................................................................185

Rev. Tg. Vungh En Thang......................................................................................................185The first Zomi Hip Hop the world has ever sung!.......................................................................191What’s Up, Zomi?........................................................................................................................191

Tg. Thang Do Hang.................................................................................................................191Solicitation of Articles for the Next Issue....................................................................................193

The Editor................................................................................................................................193Pau Cin Hau and The Characteristics of an Old Testament Prophet ........................................195

Tg. Pau Cin Thang..................................................................................................................195Laipian Hierarchy .......................................................................................................................196

Tg. Pau Cin Thang..................................................................................................................196Place for Taking NOTES.............................................................................................................198

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I Thu Bulphuh

Zomi khat-in ka suak hi.

Zomi khat-in ka nungta ding hi.

Zomi khat-in ka si ding hi.

Our Motto

I was born a Zomi.

I shall live a Zomi.

I shall die a Zomi.

Genbehna:

Ih Thu Bulphuh pen hih a nuai-a hi lo hi:

Zomi khat bang-in ka suak hi.

Zomi khat bang-in ka nungta ding hi.

Zomi khat bang-in ka si ding hi.

Our Motto is not made up of the following:

I was born as a Zomi

I shall live as a Zomi.

I shall die as a Zomi.

A Tuamna Tung-a Limte

Vahui pen kamtaai siam, palai siam, muan’ leh suan’ hi, kici hi

Nangpangnote pen lungsim siangtho-in, mailam hun lametna tawh kidim hi.

Tg. Sian Ngen Kam’ tanu Huaipi leh Tg. Thang Suan’ tapa Muangmuang, a

kikhan’ gual uh ahi hi.

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Vahui Magazine 2006

Magazine Committee

Name Official Title Ralated or Partially-Realated Tasks

Tg. Neng Khan Pau Publisher ConvenorMeeting ChairmanRecording SecretaryLiaison with FZIUSA ECEditor’s Willing Chauffeur [:-)]

Taang Zomi Editor ResearcherCopy EditorProofreaderLiason with the Printing PressPractical Peon [:-)]

Tg. Sian Ngen Kam Production Manager Art DirectorCompassionate CounselGenerous Meeting HostCo-Liaison with FZIUSA ECEditor’s Willing Chauffeur[:-)]

Tg. Vungh Lian Mang Circulation Manager Informally Co-opted MemberEnergetic EncouragerAdvisor on DemandLiaison with ZOCIA ECThoughtful Activist

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Vei pan Tak: Taang Neng Khan Pau (Publisher), Taang Sian Ngen Kam (Production Manager), Taang Zomi (Editor), Taang Vungh Lian Mang (Circulation Manager)

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Pawlpi Keem Siate tawh Thudot-Kimuhnate(Interviews with Pastors)

Pastor Tg. Eddie Ngin Hang tawh Thudot-Kimuhna(Interview with Pastor Tg. Eddie Ngin Hang)

Zomi Baptist Church

Hollywood, Florida

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Rev. Tg. Thawng Lian Khup tawh thudot-kimuhna(Interview with Rev. Tg. Thawng Lian Khup)

First Burmese Chritian Church

Hollywood, Florida

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Pastor Tg. Kham Do Thang tawh thudot-kimuhna(Interview with Pastor Tg. Kham Do Thang )

Myanmar Mission Church

Hollywood, Florida

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Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau tawh thudot-kimuhna(Interview with Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau )

Burmese Assembly of God

Hollywood, Florida [Now: Fort Lauderdale, Florida]

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Florida Zomi Innkuan (USA)

Executive Committee (2004-2005)

Mai Gual (Vei pan Tak): Tg. Pum Za Khai (A.F.S.), Rev. Tg. Vungh En Thang (V.P.), Tg. Zam Khan Kam (Treas.), Tg. Nang Lian Dal (M.S.), Tg. Kam Sian Lian (G.S.)

Nung Gual (Vei pan Tak): Tg. Sian Ngen Kam (S.G.S.), Tg. Pau Sian Lian (A.G.S.), Tg. Neng Khan Pau (L.C.S.), Tg. Gin Lam Khup (A.R.A.S.), Tg. Freddy Langh Suan Mung (N.H., Fort Lauderdale), Tg. Go Sian Mung (N.H., Palm Beach)

A om thei lo teng: Tg. Gin Za Pau (Pres.), Tg. Zam Za Lian (F.S.), Tg. Go Khan Pau (R.A.S.), Tg. Neng Ngaih Lian (Aud.), Tg. Kham Kap Hang (N.H., North Miami), Tg. Tuang Khan Nang (N.H., Kendall)

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Executive Committee (2005-2006)

Mai Gual Vei pan Tak: Tg. Gin Za Mung (A.G.S.), Tg, Nang Lian Dal (S.G.S.), Tg. Pum Za Khai (V.P.), Tg. Vung Lian Mang (S.C.), Tg. Kham Go Pau (Aud.), Tg. Vungh En Thang A.R.A.S.), Tg. Sian Ngen Kam F.S.), Tg, Go Sian Mung (N.H., Palm Beach)

Nung Gual Vei pan Tak: Tg, Thang Do Hang (Pres.), Tg. Zam Go Lin (N.H., Fort Lauderdale), Tg, Freddy Langh Suan Mung (A.F.S.), Tg. Zam Khan Kam (Treas.), Tg. Pau Sian Lian (G.S.), Tg. Vungh Pian Siing (N.H., Kendall), Tg. Gin Lam Khup (R.A.S.), Tg. Neng Khan Pau (L.C.S.), Tg, Thang Suan Mang (M.S.)

A om thei lo: Tg. Kham Kap Hang (N.H., North Miami)

Pres. = President; V.P.= Vice President; G.S. = General Secretary; A.G.S. = Associate General Secretary; F.S. = Finance Secretary; A.F.S. = Associate Finance Secretary; Treas. = Treasurer; R.A.S. = Religious Affairs Secretary ; A.R.A.S. = Associate Religious Affairs Secretary; M.S. = Music Secretary; S.G.S. = Sports and Games Secretary; L.C.S. = Literature and Culture Secretary; Aud. = Auditor; S.C. = Special Consultant; N.H. = Neighborhood Headman

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Florida Zomi Innkuan USA (2005-2006)

Kum 58 Cin’na Zomi Nam Ni PawiMonday February 20, 2006Burmese Assembly of God, Hollywood

Kikhop man khit teh, pawlkhat ciah, pawlkhat maan kizaih.

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Endikpi’ Lailam Pulaakna

Endikpi

I. Hih Magazine a ziakaina thu

1. Florida Zomi Innkuan (USA) pen 2000 kum-in kiphuan-a 2005 kum-in kum nga upa ta hi. Tua kum nga cin’na ciaptehna-in, Florida Zomi Innkuan (USA) Fifth Anniversary Magazine (FZI-FAM) kibawl sawm ahi hi.

2. 2005 October 24 ni-in Hurricane Wilma in Florida leitaw nisuahna lam teng hong nawk hi. Mei (electricity) kingah lo, TV kingah lo, phone kingah lo, Internet kingah lo hi. Tavuan neite in damdam-in hong puah uh-a, 2005 December bei kuan ciangin, a kulpi teng kingah kik hi. Hih khuahun hoih lo (hurricane ) in tampi hong nawngkaisak hi.

3. Laibu peuhmah pen, tam kheen leeng, bu khat teh tawm man-a, tawm kheen leeng, bu khat tehtam man hi. Tua ahih manin, Magazine Committee in bu 1,000 bawl ding hoih sa-a, Production Manager Huaipi’ Pa in printing press a dawp ciangin, bu 1,000, bu khat teh laimai 200 bang, cover pen full color (4-color), a sung-ah laimai 8 bang a pha photo-te zong full-color, text pen black and white, binding pen perfect binding hi ding, tua pen $5,000 bei ding, ci hi. Tua hi leh bu khat $5 bei ding-a, a tuamtuam beina teng tawh, bu khat $8 bang bei mah ta leh zong, bu khat teh $10 or $15-in kizuak thei ding hi. Ahi zongin, FZI EC in, $1,000 bang zat sawm ahih manin, tua $1000 tawh bu bangzah kibawl zo ding cih pen Publisher Tawilun’ Pa leh Editor Tungpi’ Pa in, a kan uh ciangin, bu 200, bu khat teh laimai 200 bang, cover pen front cover bek full color, back cover, inside front cover, inside back cover teng pen black and white, ahih kei leh lah blank, a sung-ah laimai 8 bang a pha photo-te zong full color, text pen black and white, binding pen perfect binding hi ding, tua pen $2,500 or $3,000 bei ding, ci hi. Tua hi leh bu khat $12.50 or $15.00 bei ding-a, a tuamtuam beina teng tawh, bu khat $18 pan $20 ciang bei thei ding hi. Tua hi leh bu khat $25 pan $30 tawh zuak kul ding hi. Bu khat $30 tawh zuak ding zah-in, zuak taak, lei taak hiam, cih, hong om ding hi. Hi thei leh, a zuakna pen bu khat $10 val kei leh hoih mahmah ding hi. Tua ahih manin, Editor Tungpi’ Pa in POD (Printing on Demand) leh SRP (Short-run Printing) cihte na kan leeuleeu hi. A tawpna-ah, press khat-ah, bu 200, bu khat laimai 200 bang, bu khat teh laimai 200, cover pen front cover bek full color hi ding, a sung-ah photo leh text pen black and white hi ding, binding pen perfect binding hi ding, tua laibute a man khit ciangin, UPS tawh maw, USPS tawh maw, amau hong khak ding uh, tua pen $1,000 bang bei ding, ci hi. Tua hi leh,

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bu khat teh $5 a bei ding hong hi-a, a tuamtuam beina teng tawh, bu khat $10, $15, or $20-in kizuak thei ding hi.

Tua bang-a dawp kawikawina tawh hun tam sim, hong bei hi.

4. FZI EC panin laibu bawl nading sum hong piakkhiat theih ma sung-un, Editor pen mun dang khat-ah va om pak hi. Ama’ om loh sung-in, computer siatna khat, na om-a, a ki-endiksa laite, na om nawn lo hi. Tua ahih manin, kithakpat hong kul hi.

Tua ban-ah, Microsoft Word 2003 zong, kizangh thei nawn lo hi. A CD-ROM zong om, a key code zong om, password zong om napi-in, Microsoft Corporation in hong saang nawn lo-in, computer-ah ki-install kik thei nawn lo hi. Tua ahih manin, OpenOffice.org Writer ka zangh-a, sin tawmmtawmm hong kul hi.

5. Hih bang teng hangin, hong ziakai toto hi. Magazine min zong, Vahui Magazine 2006 kici ta hi.

II. Hih Magazine sung-a laigelh zia

Hih a nuai-a thute pen, a cing, a kim hi lo hi. Hih magazine etdikna (editing)-ah a kizang thu pawlkhat bek, ahi hi. Tampi om lai hi. Mai kum lam ciangin, hun a om leh, hong gelh beh lai ning.

A. Min malgawm zia

1. Mihing min malgawm zia

Laigelhte’ min malgawm zia pen, amau’ zat dan mah kizui hi.

Cin Za Lian, ahih hangin Chin Khua KhaiKam Khaw Thang, ahih hangin Chin Khua KhaiKam Khaw Thang, ahih hanging, Son Kho LianSon Kho Lian, ahih hangin Vum Ko HauHauzachin Suante, ahih hangin Ngaih Lian SwanteKham Lam Tuang, ahih hangin J. Gin Za TwangKip Thian Pau, ahih hangin Salai KippProf. Kam Za Mung, ahih hangin Dr. Kam Ya Dal

A min neite in bang malgawm zangh hiam ci-a a kitheihpih kei leh, zat ngeina pen kizangh hi.

Ngul Za Pao ci-a hong kigelh leh, Ngul Za Pau kicihsak hi. “Pau” pen i zatzat ngei, a maan peen

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ahi hi. “Pao” a deih zaw ahih lam a kitheihpih leh, “Pao” kicihsak hi.

2. Beh min malgawm zia

A beh neite’ zat malgawm zia mah kizui hi.

Zolai-ah J nei lo, Zopau-ah J awsuah nei lo i hih hangin, Zasuan cihsak lo-in, amau’ deih ahi Jasuan kizatsak hi.

Tu-a i neih loh ahi J, Q, R, X ,Y cihte nidang ciangin i deih, i zat nop hun hong om kha ding hi.F pen Teizang kam-ah i zangh hi. “W” bel “A” khit ciangng i zangh-a, kammal patna-in bel i zangh kei hi. [Topa aw, awm natna a neite awng zo lo uh hi. Tua natna sung-ah awk den-a a om ding uh, awi na hi hiam? Ko lam-ah hong awn suk inla, amaute damsak in. Amaute a dam loh uh pen nawngkaai mahmah hi.]

3. Khua min malgawm zia

Tiddim, Tedim

Tiddim pen Mangte’ hong lawhna hi-a, ei leh ei Tedim kici i hih manin, Tedim kizangh zaw hi.

Kawl, Kawlpi, Kalemyo, Kalaymyo, Kaleymyo

Kawlpi ci-a i theih khua pen Kawlte in Kalemyo ci uh hi. SPDC kumpi hong kah zawh ciangin, Kalaymyo ci-in a kigelhna hong om hi. Tua ahih manin, a nih-in kisaang hi. Kaleymyo bel kici ngei lo ahih manin, hih magazine sung-ah kizangh lo hi.

Zangkong, Rangoon, Yangon

Hih pen, a gelhte’ gelh zan kizuihsak hi. Gentehna-in “Zangkong Awging” a kici thuzaksakna lai pen, a neite in tu ciang dong, “Rangoon Awging” lah ci lo, “Yangon Awging” lah ci lo uh ahih manin, amau’ zat dan mah kizuihpih hi.

Khalkha, Haka, Hakha, Halkha

Nidangin, Haka a kici pen SPDC kumpi hun sungin, Hakha ci-a a kizatna hong om ahih manin, Hakha kizangh hi. Khua leh gam a neite in bang deih zaw uh cih a kitheih teh amau’ deih dan zuih ding ahi hi.

4. Minam min malgawm zia

Zomi, Chin

Kawlte leh Mangte in “Chin” ci-a hong theih uh ahi ei minam pen, ei leh ei Zomi kici i hih manin, “Zomi” kizangh hi. A minam neite’ deih min, a kizatpih ahi hi.

Mang, Mangkang, Mangvom, Mikang

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British-te, a diakdiak-in English-te pen Mang, Mangkang i ci hi. A lai uh ahi English pen Manglai i ci hi. Mikang cih pen a vun kaang ahi Europe mite ahi hi. Mangkangte zong Europe mi mah hi uh ahih manin, Mikang ahi uh hi. Mangkang khempeuh Mikang ahi uh hi. Ahih hangin, Mikang khempeuh Mangkang hi lo hi.

B. Mun Awng (Space) koih zia

Typewriter keyboard or computer keyboard-ah, space bar om hi. Laimal (letter) ahi zongin, kammal (word) ahi zongin, simmal (numeral) ahi zongin, punctuation mark ahi zongin, i kihalsak nop ciangin, tua space bar i zangh hi.

Hih spacing thu pen, grammar bu a tam peen-ah kigelh kha lo hi. Ei Zomite’ laigelhna-ah i khialhna tuamtuamte lak-ah hih spacing pen a kitam khialh peen khat ahi hi. Laibu, labu a kibawl tuamtuamte en kik leeng, hih thu (i khialh mahmah thu) kimu thei hi. Tu mahmah-in zong, ZoNet sung-a lai kigelhte en lehang, kimu thei hi.

1. Kammal (word) khat leh a dang kammal khat kikaal-ah space KHAT om ding hi.

Pasian in kei hong it hi.

Hih kamvui (sentence) sung-ah kammal 6 om hi. “Pasian” leh “in” kikaal-ah space khat om hi. Tua mah bangin, “in leh “kei” kikaal, “kei” leh “hong” kikaal, “hong leh “it” kikaal, leh “it” leh “hi” kikaal-ah space khat ta om hi.

Pasian in kei hong it hi. [Maan]Pasianinkeihongithi. [Khial]Pasianinkei hongithi. [Khial]Pasianin keihong ithi. [Khial]Pasian inkei hongithi. [Khial]

2. Period (=full stop) [.], comma [,], colon [:], semi-colon [;], close quotation mark [”], close bracket [)], question mark [?], exclamation point [!] cihte leh a nung-a om laimal/kammal-te kikaal-ah space KHAT om ding hi. (Space bar khat vei kheen suk in.)

Pasian in thupha hong pia hen.Na hawhna na ciahna-ah daupai in. [Khial]Pasian in thupha hong pia hen. Na hawhna na ciahna-ah daupai in. [Maan]

Vantung-a om kote' Pa aw,na min siangtho hong kiphat ta hen. [Khial]Vantung-a om kote' Pa aw, na min siangtho hong kiphat ta hen. [Maan]

A thupi peen thu thum:upna, lametna leh itna [Khial]A thupi peen thu thum: upna, lametna leh itna [Maan]

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Pasian in mite it hi;mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi. [Khial]Pasian in mite it hi; mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi. [Maan]

“Itna” i cih bang hiam? [Khial]“Itna” i cih bang hiam? [Maan]

Pilna (wisdom)pen hauhna (wealth ) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi. [Khial]Pilna (wisdom) pen hauhna (wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi. [Maan] Bang deih na hi hiam?Hong gen in. [Khial]Bang deih na hi hiam? Hong gen in. [Maan]

Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai!Thukham i kipsak hi. [Khial]

Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai! Thukham i kipsak hi. [Maan]

Double quotation marks [“ ”] leh single quoatation marks [‘ ’] pen space tawh kisai-ah a zat dan kibang hi.

Bracktes [( )], Braces [{ }] leh Square Brackets [ [ ] ] pen, space tawh kisai-ah a zat dan kibang hi.

3. Period (=full stop) [.], comma [,], colon [:], semi-colon [;], close quotation mark [”], close bracket [)], question mark [?], exlamation point [!] cihte leh a mai-a om laimal/kammal-te kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi.

Pasian in eite hong it hi . [Khial]Pasian in eite hong it hi. [Maan]

Vantun-a om kote' Pa aw , [Khial]Vantung-a om kote' Pa aw, [Maan]

A thupi peen thu thum : upna, lametna leh itna [Khial]A thupi peen thu thum: upna, lametna leh itna [Maan]

Pasian in mite it hi ; mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi [Khial]Pasian in mite it hi; mite in bel Pasian it kik khol lo uh hi. [Maan]

“Itna ” i cih bang hiam? [Khial]“Itna” i cih bang hiam? [Maan]

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Pilna (wisdom ) pen hauhna (wealth ) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi. [Khial]Pilna (wisdom) pen hauhna (wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi. [Maan] Bang deih na hi hiam ? [Khial]Bang deih na hi hiam? [Maan]

Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai ! Thukham i kipsak hi. [Khial]

Tua ahih leh hehpihna hangin thukham a kipaaikhia hiam? Deksuai! Thukham i kipsak hi. [Maan]

4. Open quotation mark [“], open bracket [(] leh a nung-a om laimal/kammalte kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi.

“ Itna” i cih bang hiam? [Khial]“Itna” i cih bang hiam? [Maan]

Pilna ( wisdom) pen hauhna ( wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi. [Khial]Pilna (wisdom) pen hauhna (wealth) sangin thupi zaw hi, kici hi. [Maan]

5. Open quotation mark [“], open bracket [(] leh a nung-a om laimal/kammalte kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. (A tung-a #4 en in.) Close quotation mark [”], close bracket [)] leh a mai-a om laimal/kammalte kikaal-ah space om LO ding hi. (A tung-a #3 en in.) " Zeisu in Topa hi " na ci hiam? [Khial]"Zeisu in Topa hi" na ci hiam? [Maan]

Mangmatna ( dream ), mangmuhna ( vision ) cihte na nei hia? [Khial]Mangmatna (dream), mangmuhna (vision) cihte na nei hia? [Maan]

C. Tomlaak (Abbreviation) zat zia

Tomlaakna (Abbreviation) zong, a kikhial mahmah thei khat ahi hi.

1. Degree min, kipawlna min, gam min cihte a tom-a a kilaak ciangin, period [.] kizangh hi.

Bachelord of Arts = B.A.Bachelor Science = B.Sc.United Nations Organization = U.N.O.Myanmar baptist Concention = M.B.C.

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United States of America = U.S.A.United Kingdom = U.K.

2. A kitomlaak laimalte’ nung-ah period koih kim ding hi.

Bachelor of Arts = B.A.B.A [Khial]BA. [Khial]B.A. [Maan]

Myanmar Baptist Convention = M.B.C.M.B.C [Khial]MB.C [Khial]M.BC [Khial]MBC. [Khial]MB.C. [Khial]M.BC. [Khial]M.B.C. [Maan]

Washington, District of Columbia = Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C .....[Khial]Washington, DC. [Khial]Washington, D.C. =[Maan]

United States of America = U.S.A.U.S.A [Khial]US.A [Khial]U.SA [Khial]USA. [Khial]US.A. [Khial]U.SA. [Khial]U.S.A. [Maan]

3. Degree nih a ngah mi khat a om leh, degree khatna leh nihna kikaal-ah comma [,] khat om ding hi.

B.A., B.Ed.

Spacing tawh kisai-a i gensa banging, comma [,] ma-ah space om lo ding-a comma [,] khit ciangin space khat om ding hi.

B.A. , B.Ed. [Khial]

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B.A.,B.Ed. [Khial]B.A., B.Ed. [Maan]

4. Degree thum leh a tungsiah a ngah mi khat a om leh, degree khat leh khat kikaal-ah comma om ding hi.

B.A., B.L. M.Ed., Ph.D.

Spacing tawh kisai-a i gensa bangin, comma [,] ma-ah space om lo ding-a comma [,] khit ciangin space khat om ding hi.

B.A. , B.L., Ph.D. [Khial]B.A. ,B.L., Ph.D [Khial]B.A.,B.L.,Ph.D. [Khial]B.A., B.L., Ph.D. [Maan]

5. Degree nih hi napi-a khat bang-a a kingaihsun degree pen, degree nih kikaal-ah comma koih theih, koih loh theih, ahi hi.

M.B., B.S [Maan]M.B.B.S [Maan]

M.B. (Bachelor of Medicine) leh B.S. (Bachelor of Surgery) pen kituam laak thei lo hi. Laak khop kul hi.

6. A tom-a i gelh ciangin, period i zat leh zat suak ding, i zat kei leh zat loh suak ding (consistently) ahi hi.

B.A. [Maan]BA [Maan]

B.A., MA [Khial]BA, M.A. [Khial]B.A., M.A. [Maan]BA, MA [Maan]

U.S.A. [Maan]USA [Maan]

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D. Kammal Kinaaisak zia leh Kihalsak zia

1. Hih a nuai-a kammal leh a tak lam-a laimal/kamlate kimat hi.

ki-

kimu; kiho; kithutuak; kipumkhat

“ki” khit-a hong pai kammal (word) a patna laimal (letter) pen vowel ahih leh, “ki” leh tua vowel kikaal-ah hyphen om ding hi:ki-itna, ki-etna, ki-apna

2. Hih a nuai-te leh a vei lam-a laimal/kammalte kimat hi.

-a

tua huna kipan; tua muna i inn lam bel nuam saam ei.

“a” ma-a hong pai kammal (word) a tawpna laimal (letter) pen vowel ahih leh, tua vowel leh “a” kikaal-ah hyphen om ding hi:amah pen pa-a nei; an ne-a; tua hi-a; amah tho-in, inn lam a ciah hi; u-a hong nei na hi hiam, nau-a hong nei na hi hiam?

-ah

tua munah; i gamah; i innah

“ah” ma-a hong pai kammal (word) a tawpna laimal (letter) pen vowel ahih leh, tua vowel leh “ah” kikaal-ah hyphen om ding hi:tua khua-ah; i lo-ah va kuan ning.

-in

tua ahih manin, tua ahih hangin, tua ahih ciangin,

“in” ma-a hong pai kammal (word) a tawpna laimal (letter) pen vowel ahih leh, tua vowel leh “in” kikaal-ah hyphen om ding hi:a mit na-in; an ne-in; tu hi-in, um lo-in; Pasian um-in

-na

itna, utna; hehpihna; hamphatna

-pih

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mipih, sapih, paipih, dahpih

-sak

seemsak; bawlsak,

-te

mite, thute, ute, naute, naupangte, makaite

3, Khua min, beh min cihte kimat hi.

Tedim, Lailui, TonzangThawmte, Guite, Sukte, Bawmkhai

4. Khat-a a kingaihsun khawm thute, kimat hi.

Nang k’ong it hi.A mah zong ka it hi. [Khial]Amah zong ka it hi. [Maan]

Vai mim leh ga taam [Khial]Vaimim leh gataam [Maan]

Bawng pi nawi va suuk ning. [Khial]bawngpi nawi va suuk ning. [Maan]

Pa sian um in. [Khial]Pasian um in. [Maan]

5. Gamtatna a kizomzomte, kimat hi.

Cingno kang-ah Tangno khat vei a hawh hi.Cingno kiang-ah Khamno sawm vei a hawh hi. Cingno kiang-ah Khamno a hawhhawh hi.

Meitei gun in kan’ hun nei lo-in luangluang hi.

Ahi zongin theih ding khat:Amah in gal a sim ciangin a zozo hi. [zo suakuak]Zeisu in “A zo zo hi,” a ci hi. [“zo zo” (=zo khin) hi-a, “zozo” hi lo.

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E. Zat zia pawlkhat

-in; in

Ka lawmpa, kei kiang-ah hong pai-in, sa hong kholh hi.[declarative sentence] Hih pen a tung-a “-in” (#D2) sung-ah i mu khin hi.

Hong pai in. [imperative sentence] Hih pen sawlna hi-a, “in” leh a mai-a kammal kimat lo ding hi.

Lawm aw, tho in. Kei zong tho-in pai ning.

ke’n; kei’n

Pai kei in. = Pai ke’n.

Kei in hih bangin ka ngaihsun hi. = Kei’n hih bangin ka ngaihsun hi.

pen; peen

pen: Hih pen, Zolai leh Kawllai-ah, subject leh predicate zopna (copula) ahi hi.Solomon pen mipil ahi hi.

peen tawh kisai:gol: adjective of positive degreegol zaw: adjective of comparative degreegol peen: adjective of superlative degree

Amah pen gol hi.Amah pen a gol peen ahi hi.Amah pen a gol peenpeen ahi hi.

a; -a; a-

Amah a pai hi.Tua hun-a kipanAhih hangin; ahi zongin

Awtom leh awsau

single vowel, double vowel

Awsau lah nadingin, a kulna mun-ah double vowel kizangh hi.

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Tu ni-in amah in na nakpi-in seem [=to work] hi. Ama’ nasep pen sasem [meat carver], ahi hi. Sa a kigawh khit ciangin, amah’n sem [=to carve, to cut] hi.Amah hong pil seemseem [=progressively] hi. Zum-ah na seem [=to work] semsem

[=unhesitatingly] hi.

o, aw

Awtom lahna-in “o” kizangh-a awsau lahna-in “aw” kizangh hiHuihpi in tuipi a lawk hi. [Khial]Huihpi in tuipi a lok hi. [Maan]

Amah a gol a gawl hi. [Khial]Amah a gawl a gol hi. [Maan]

i, ih, ii

Kei ka pil hi.Ei i pil hi.Nang na pil hi.No na pil uh hi.Amah a pil hi.Amau a pil uh hi.

“Ei ih pil hi” cih bang-a i gelhna zong om-a, ahi zongin, hih Magazine sung-ah “ih” zangh lo-in “i” kizangh hi.

“ii” pen Teizang-ah kizang phadiak hi. Topa ii hehpihna tawhHih pen, Tedim-ah, apostrophe zangh-in,Topa’ hehpihna tawhkici hi.Ahi zongin, khat veivei, “ii” zangh leeng, a kitel zawkna om hi.

Close Quotation Zat Zia

Tu laitak-in zat zia nam nih om hi.

British English-ah: Zomi sung-ah “Tedim”, “Falam”, “Hakha” leh a dangdangte kihel hi.Close Quotation Mark [”] khit ciangin comma [,] pai pan hi.

American English-ah:

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Zomi sung-ah “Tedim,” “Falam,” “Hakha” leh a dangdangte kihel hi.Close Quotation Mark [”] ma-in comma [,] pai hi.

Rev. Pu Tg. Khup Za Go, Sia Lian Za Go cihte pawl in British English dan zangh uh hi. Amau’ article-te-ah amau’ zat dan mah kizatpih hi.

Quotation mark zat dan a tel khol lote’ article-te-ah American English dan kizatpih hi.

III. Lungdam Kohna

Hih magazine a kibawl zawh nadingin pilna siamna, tha leh ngal, neih leh lamh, sum leh paai hong piakhia-te tung-ah lungdamna ka gen nuam hi.

Hih magazine sung-a a kihel ding thupuak (thului) hong puak khempeuh tung-ah i lungdam hi.

Hih magazine bawl nading-a a kitaangsamte lak-ah a masa-peen in computer ahi hi. Kei’ aa pen a hard disk hong sih ciangin, kial lap ding leh deih bang-a ka zat theih ding deihna tawh Taang Neng Khan Pau in ama’ computer khat, ka tan’ suak dingin hong pia hi. Broadband Internet zat ding hong kul ciangin, Taang Pum Za Khai in, hih magazine bawl nading tanghial-in, amah’n zong a zat ahi lopi, computer thak khat hong lei-in, Comcast Cable High Speed Internet hong la hi. Taang En Lian Pau leh Taang Thang Do Hang in zongh amau’ computer-te, phal takin hong zanghsak uh hi.

Amau’ hih theihna ciat pan-a hong huh khempeuh tung-ah lungdam hi

IV. Thuumna

Computer a na kisiat khakna huhau-in, a ki-endik khinsa laite, computer hard disk pan hong mangthang hi. Email tawh hong kikhak article-te pawlkhat, email website-ah na om lai ahih manin, kimu kik hi. Pawlkhat pen, website pan mahmah-in na kilakhia hih tuak hi; kimu zo nawn lo hi.

Email pan-a kimu kik article-te etdik kik ding hong kul leeuleeu hi. Email tawh hong kikhak hi napi-a a kimu kik zo nawn lo article pawlkhat pen, a gelhte tung-ah kingen kik hi. Pawlkhatte in hong gelh kik uh-a pawlkhatte in hong gelh kik nawn lo uh hi.

Email tawh hong kikhak ahi lo, khut tawh a kigelhte pen, kimu kik nawn lo-in mangthang suak hi. Kei’ gelhte honkhat zong, computer sung-ah mangthang suak hi. Tuate sung-ah hihte zong kihel hi:

(1) Pawlpi Keem Siate Tawh Kimuhnate: Siate in zong, thu hoih thu manpha tampi hong gen uh

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hi. Tuate pen kigelh kik man nawn lo ahih manin, Siate tung-ah zong i thuum hi. A maan (photo) uh bek hong kisuaksak thei hi. Mai-ah a thucing-in hong kisuaksak nuam hi.

(2) Dr. Tg. Hau Za Cin in Dr. Tg. H. Chin Khen Mang’ la phuah a etkikna pen kei’n ka etkik sawnna: Dr. H. Chin Khen Mang in, Tedim No. 1 Basic Education High School Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine (1948-1998), laimai 192-ah, “A Manpha Ka Nu” cih la suaksak hi. “Kei leh kei an ka neek theih ma-in, an n’ong baak-a, | Lam ka pai theih ma-in lam.pai n’ong sinsak hi. | Puan ka silh theih ma-in puan n’ong silhsak-a, | Khedap ka bulh theih ma-in, nang’n n’ong bulhsak hi.” ci-a a phuah pen, Dr. Tg. Hau Za Cin in, “Tua bang nu pen nu hoih hi lo ding hi,” ci hi. [Vahui Magazine 2006, laimai 93, “Tedim BEHS No. 1 Golden Jubilee Magazine” by Tg. Hau Za Cin] Kei’n “Tua bang nu pen nu hoih hi mah hi,” ci-in, Dr. H. Chin Khen Mang ka maansak hi.[Dr. Tg. Hau Za Cin zong heh tuan lo ding ahih teh, ci-a a gelh hi’ng! :-)]

(3) Tua Magazine mah, laimai 663-ah, Monsignor Felix Lian Khen Thang’ thu a kigelhna-ah, “Amah pen ama’ degree zui-in Pope zong suak thei hi, ci hi” ci-in kigelh hi. Kei’ dawn’na-ah, “Cardinal a suah phot loh-in Pope kimot suah thei lo-a, a degree tawh kisai lo hi,” ci-in ka gelh hi.

(4) Tua Magazine mah, laimaite 578-589-ah, “Brief History of Laipian Paucinhau and His Religion” cih article pen, S. Ngin Suanh’ gelh ahi dan-in kisuaksak hi. Kei’ upna-ah, S. Ngin Suanh pen a gelhpa (author) hi lo-in a puakpa (submitter) hi bek ding hi. Pu Tg. Sian Khan Thang in gelh-in, Pu Tg. Sukte T. Hau Go in Zolai pan Manglai-ah letkhia hi kha thei ding hi, ci-in ka um hi.

Mailam-ah, tu tung-a hong suak kha lo teng, hong kisuaksak kik ding hi.

Tu tungin a hoih zawh loh hangin, mailam-ah tu-a sang-a hong hoih zawk zawh nading, thu hong ngetpih ciat un.

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Zomi Nam Ni leh I Tavuan

Tg. Vung Lian Mang

Tu kum 2006 kumin Florida Zomi Innkuan makaihna tawh America gam, Floria state sunga kibawl Zomi Nam Ni kum 58 cin'na-ah thugenpi dingin hong kiseh manin angtang mahmah ing. Hih bangin US gam sung khawng a tung ding leh hih bangin Zomi u leh naute tawh Zomite’ Ni Thupi mahmah ahi, Zomi Nam Ni zang khawm thei dingin ka ngaihsun ngei kei-a, hun manpha hong pia i Topa Pasian tungah lungdamna ko masa ing. Mipil misiam leh mihau tampi kawmkal-ah kei n'ong seh uh pen kei sangin a kilawm zaw ding upa mipil tampi om ding ahih manin kisuang sim ing. Bangbang ahi zongin makaite in deihsakna tawh hun hong pia uh ahih manin Florida Zomi Innkuan vaihawm upate tungah lungdam hong ko ing. Zomi Nam Ni bawlna-ah hong kihel thei u leh nau a kuamah peuh tungah zong lungdam hong ko ing.

Tuni-in mihing’ phu (human rights) a kithupisakna gam, US-ah Zomi Nam Ni i zat theih thupi ka sa-a, a suakta gam ahih mah bangin suakta takin thu gen leeng ka ut hi. (Kuamah in na za kik kei peuh leh maw!) Zomi Nam Ni tawh kisai-in thulupi thum gen dingin hong kiging ing.

1) Zomi Nam Ni hong pian’khiatna a tomin

2) A beisa hun-a Kawlgam ki-ukna leh Zomite

3) Tu laitak Zomite’ din’mun leh i kalsuan zia ding hanthotna

1) Zomi Nam Ni hong pian’khiatna a tomin

I Zolai simbu sungah ‘F -- February 20 ni, Zomi Nam Ni hi’ ci-in sin hi hang. Bang hangin hih February 20 ni sese hi-a bangci bangin Zomi Nam Ni hong piang hiam, cih thu theih huai hi. Hih ni hong pian’khiatzia i theih nadingin tangthu tawm sut kik kul ding hi.

Tu-a Kawlgam-ah i pu i pa Zomite, tuma kum za tampi lai-in na teengin ki-ummawh hi. Tua hun lai-in Zomite pen kisuakta-in i gam i lei-ah khua hausa, ukpi cih bangin ei leh ei a ki-uk minamte i hi hi. Mangkang (British) gamkeekte i gam hong lut ma-in Zomi in kua minam, kua kumpi tungah siah leh bumh pia ngei lo banah kuama' vaihawmna nuai-ah om ngei lo uh hi. Hih thu tawh kisai-in Zo Tangthu (Zo History) a gelh Pu Vumson in “1885 kum-in Mangkang-Kawl Gal Thum Veina a bei khit ciangin Kawl kumpi gam a kisiat hun-in Kawl kumpi ukna gam in Irrawaddy gun dung ahi khanglam-ah Aunglan ciang, saklam-ah Bhamo ciang hi. Zomi te teen’na gam pen Kawl kumpi ukna nuai hi lo hi,” ci-in na gelh hi. Tua hun lai-in Kawl leh Zomite pen a suakta minam leh gam tuak hi-a, gam kituhna leh gal kidonate om lo-in gam leh minam kikal-ah kizahtakna nei tuak uh hi. Hih thu tawh kisai-in UNO-ah Secretary-General lui a hi U Thant in ama’ laibu gelh “Pyidawtha Khayi” sungah “Toungoo hun, Bayintnaung kumpi hun, Inwa hun leh Alaungpaya kumpite hun-in Zomite in Kawl kumpi’ aadingin galkap a seem tampi

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om hi, kici hi. Kawl tangthu sungah Kawl leh Zomi-te kikal-ah a ciapteh taak ding gal kidona om ngei lo hi,” ci’n na gelh hi.

Mangkang kumpi in 1886 kumin Kawl kumpi ahi Thibaw ukna gamte sut hi. 1888 kum December kha ciangin Gen. George White makaihna tawh Mangkang galkap tampi tak in Zogam hong do uh hi. Minam leh gam it Zomite in zong luang leh ban phal-in Mangkang galkapte a do thuk uh hangin galhiam kibat lohna hang tawh a tawpna-ah Mangkangte’ vaihawmna pen lungkim het lopi mah-in na sang uh hi. 1892 kum ciangin Zogam saklam teng ahi, Tedim, Falam leh Haka gam teng gawm khawm-in ‘Chin Hills’ ci uh-a, vaihawm Mangpi dingin Maj. Brown koih-in Falam khuapi-ah zum hong hi. 1896 kumin British Parliament panin "Chin Hills Regulation Act” (Chin Taung-tan-mya Si-myin U-pa-day) phuang uh-a, Zogam pen hih upadi zui-in Kawlgam gam-ukpi (Governor of Burma) in direct-in uk hi. Hih upadi pen Zomite leh Kawl mite, vaihawmna khat nuai-ah om khawm ngeilo i hihna bulphuh-a kibawl ahi hi. Tu-a Zomi Nam Ni hong kipatna pen hih upadi phiat maai ding deihna leh mipi deihna tawh ki-ukna (democracy) tawh vaihawmna hi-a, Falam khua-ah mipi’ kikhopna pana hong kipankhia ahi hi.

A beisa hun i et kik ciangin February 20 ni pen lamdang takin Zomite’ tangthu sungah ni thupi leh minam thu vaihawmna ni tawh kituak thei den se hi. Tuate gensuk daudau leeng:

1918 February 20 ni-in “Zomi Siamsinna Tawsawn Pawl” (Chin Education Uplift Society) cih kipawlna, Maymyo-ah hong piang hi.

1928 February 20 ni-in political organization masa pen “Zogam Kipumkhatna Pawl” (Chin Hills Union Organization), Zogam khanglamah, Vawmhtu Maung in makaih hi. (Vomthu cih zongin kigelh hi).

1938 February 20 ni pen i pu i pate in British-te do-a i gam pana hawlkhiat hong kipatkhiat ni hi-in, Kanpetlet-ah mi tampi tak in mat thuakin, pawlkhat in sih lawh hi.

1947 February 20 ni-in Falam khua-ah Zo minam bup khawmpi kisamin “Panglong Thukimna (Agreement)” mipi in kipsak hi.

Mangkangte in tua thukhun’ zangin Zogam-ah amau’ vaihawmna a lamzan' nading ngimna-in Zomi ukpite hong zang uh-a, ukpite’ tungah siah leh bumh kaih theihna leh thuneihna pawlkhat pia lai uh hi. Tua bangin mipi te tungah siah leh bumh kaihna kilawm lo takin a tam ciangin hih pen Mangkangte' vaihawmna hang hi ci'n mipite in mukhia uh ahih manin Mangkang kumpite tungah lungkim lohna tam seEmsEem hi. Tua hunlai-a mipite’ tunga thunei ukpite tungah a lungkim lo zong tam mahmah hi. Mangkangte’ sila i hih, a sang thei lo Zomi khangnote sung panin Mindat uk, Vawmhtu khuami Pu Vawmhtu Maung makai-in 1933 kumin Mangkang kumpi do nadingin "Chin National Union" (Chin-taung Nyi-nyut-yay A-phway) cih hong kiphuankhia hi. Zogam saklam gamte sangin khanglam (taungpaing-te) pen nainganzi lamah khua na mu masa uh hi. Tua CNU in Kawlmi gam it khangnote kipawlna ahi Do Bamar A-si-a-yone (We Burmans’ Association) tawh kizopna nei-in Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciang Zogam zong suahtakna piak ding cih thu Mangkang kumpite tungah ngen uh hi. Gen. Aung San in zong Kawlgam sunga mualtung mite kiangah Kawlmite tawh

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suahtakna laak khawm ding na na zol den hi.

1947 kum Aung San-Attlee Agreement zui-in Mangkang kumpi in Kawl kampaute tamna-zanggam (Burma Proper) suahtakna a piak ciangin mualtung gam teng zong suahtakna a hong piakna uh manlang zaw ding hi cih upna leh lametna tawh 1947 kum February kha 12 ni-in Kawl mite leh mualtung mi teng kipawl khawm-a suahtakna laak ding thukimna Shan gam Panglong khua-ah letmat thuhna nei uh hi. Tua thukimna hang bek tawh 1948 kum January kha 4 ni-in Kawl mite leh mualtung mite khempeuh pen Mangkangte in suahtakna hong pia uh hi. Hun hong beibei-a Kawlgam kumpi hong kilaihlaih-in Zomite i suahtakna leh i khantohna ding thute hong kikhaktanin henkol sungah lehtun kik i hih manin Sia Hang Khan Lian in “Sal suah na’ng-a khutpi mek ni February 12, Union Day” na na ci ngei hi. Tu-in zong Zomi Nam Ni ci-a i bawl ngakngak hangin 1948 malai hun-a Zomite’ ngainganzi (politics) tawh kisai-a i din'mun a lehtun’ kikkik i hi gige hi.

Zomite in Mangkang kumpi’ ukna nuai panin suahtakna a ngah uh hangin ukpi vaihawmna nuai pan suahtakna ngah nai lo uh hi. Tua ahih manin Zomi mipite in suahtakna ii gahte a kicing taka ngah theihna ding pen in, tua hun lai-a Chin Affairs Council thunei vaihawmte' nasep ding mawhpuakna masa ahi hi. Tua hi-a, Chin Hills Regulations Act in Zomite tungah bangzah takin gimna pia hiam, cih kankhia dingin Kawlgam kumpi in Thukankhia committee seh-a, ahi zongin a hun hong sawt toh luat ding dah uh hi. Tua ahih manin 1947 kum Kawlgam thukhunpi (Constitution) zui-a Zo Vuanzi (Chin Affairs Miniter) a seem masa peen Pu Vawmhtu Maung leh Chin Affairs Council-ah President a seem masa peen ahi Captain Pu Tg. Mang

Tung Nung-te makai-in Zomi leh Zogam ii mailam vai ding thu kikum dingin 1948 kum February kha ni 19-22 kikaal sung teng Zomi khawmpi Falam khua-ah sam uh hi. Tua khawmpi-ah Zogam mun tuamtuam pan mipi 5000 kah ci-in kiciamteh hi. Tua khawmpi sungah thukhensatna khempeuh pen Democracy pai zia kizui-a, tua lak pan a thupi peen khat in Ukpi vaihawmna pan mipi deihna bulphuh ahi Democracy paizia tawh Zogam vaihawm theih nading cih thu Subedar Pu Tg. Thang Za Kai (Tuithang) in na sungg-a, Falam (Lailun) pan U Chun Mang leh Kanpetlet pan U Thang Maung te in thukimpih uh hi. Tua thusun’ (motion) pen vote (me) khiatna tawh khensatna kinei-a, a deih mi a tamzaw hi-in a deihlo mi 7 bek om ahih manin tua thusun’ kipsakna kinei hi. Tua thusun’ kipsak ni pen khawmpi a ni nih ni ahi, February kha 20 ni ahi hi. Tua bangin hun khat pan hun khat-ah a kikheelna-ah mipite’ deihna pen thuneite in zong zahtak-in suahtakna, kilemna, thumaanna a deih Zomite lungsim a kilatsak ni pen “Zomi Nam Ni” ci-in kiciamteh hi. Hih pen Zomite aadingin leitung-ah minam picing khat ahihna kilatna ahi hi. Tua hunah Kawlgam Kumpi (President) Sao Shwe Thaik zong va kah-a, amah mah zong Shan Ukpi nam ahih manin Zogam-a Ukpi vaihawmna a bei ciangin a lungnuam lo-a, ukpite tungah huhna (yaw-kyay) piak ding cih thu tangko pah hi. Tua ahih manin, Zomi Nam Ni pen mi honkhat kikaikhawm pak-a, vaihawm ziau-a piang thu neuno hi peuhmah lo hi.

2) A beisa hun-a Kawlgam ki-ukna leh

Zomi Nam Ni vai

Gen. Ne Win in amah'n kumpi a sep suak theihna ding ngimna tawh Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP — Ma-sa-la) phuankhia-a, 1947 kum Kawlgam bup

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thukhun’pi phiat-in 1974 kumin Kawlgam bup aading thukhun’pi a thak gelhsak hi. Tua thukhun’pi zui-in Zogam pen gamke (state) level-in a koih uh hangin deihsakna tawh a kipia gamke (state) hi lo-a, BSPP ii gam-uk vaihawmna-ah a nop zawkna ding deihna tawh administrative unit khat ciang bek ahi hi. Bang teng ahi zong tua thukhun’pi a kikipsak ni 1974 kum January kha ni 3 ni pen Zogam in gamke (state) a ngah ni-in kiciamteh thei hi. BSPP in Zomite pen lungsim siangtho tak leh deihsakna tak tawh hong pia hi lo hi. Zomite ngeina leh minam vaite a man'than' theihna dingin lampi tuamtuam tawh hanciam den hi. A masa-in “Chin Special Division” pen “Chin (Zomi) State” a hong piak ma-in “Zomi Nam Ni” pen “Chin Special Division Day” cih tawh kheel ding hanciam masa hi. 1974 kum thukhun’pi zui-in Chin Special Division pan Chin (Zomi) State a hong piak ciangin “Zomi Nam Ni” pen “Chin (Zomi) State Day” cih minvawh sawm leeuleeu uh hi. Hih hanciamnate pen Kawl kumpite in Zomite tungah deihsakna a hong neih lohna uh a kilatna khat ahi hi.

I gam leh i minam’ aadinga i pu i pate' hanciamna leh gualzawhsate pahtawi leh phawk den ding deihna-in, a tup leh a ngim teng uh a khit ni (kip suak kei mah leh) — 1948, February 20 ni siksan-in, February 20 ni pen Zo Minam Ni dingin Zo Zum (Chin Affairs Council) in October 9, 1950 ni-in kipsak ahi hi.

1951, Feruary 20 ni-in Mindat khua-ah Zo Minam Ni a khatveina official-in a kizat masak, Kawlgam Prime Minister U Nu in hong uap hi. Hih panin kum simin Zo Minam Ni kizang toto ahi hi.

Kawlgam sungah ki-ukna hong kilaihlaih-in i gam sungah hamphatna kikim, din’mun kikim-in Mangkang kumpi khut nuai pan suaktak ding lametna tawh Panglong Thukimna (Panglong Agreement) a kibawl hi mah leh, tua zawh kum 58 ciangin Zomite’ nun’takna pen Mangkang kumpi’ uk lai sangin suuksia zaw leh kumpi sung thuneihna lamah bangmah ngah nawn lo, biakna vai-ah hong kideidanin Zomi khat, mualtung mi khat hihna tawh galkap sung bangah zaa nei kuamah ki-om nawn lo hi. Zomite’ salsuah na’ngin khutpi a meek kha takpi mah hi lo i hiam? Tu-in zong tu'n pawh hih bang dan om kik leh pawh, khial nawn kei ning, i ci ngam tuan diam?

(3) Tulaitak Zomite din'mun leh i kalsuan

zia ding hanthotna

Zo Minam Ni zatna hangin i minam sungah kipumkhat leh phattuamna tampi hong piang ahih manin Kawl kumpi lunghimawhin ngai dah-a 1956, 1957 leh 1958 kumin Zo Minam Ni zat ding phal lo hi. 1966 kumin Kawlgam Taw-hlan-ye Kaungsi (Revolutionary Council) kumpi in Zo Minam Ni pen Chin Special Division Day ci-in khek dingin thu hong bawla, 1975 kum panin February 20 ni pen Chin State Day leh Zo Minam Ni cih khop dingin thu bawl leuleu hi. 1981 kum panin tu dong Zo Minam Ni zat limlim Kawl kumpi in phal nawn lo-in hong khaam suak hi. Kei' tuahkhak lian khat bang 1997 kumin Zangkong khua, Padonma Zat-yone (theatre) ah Zomi Nam Ni bawl lian dinga kisa pen nai lang sapin na khawl kik un, cih thu om-a, khawl kul mawk hi. Kum 2001-in zong a mun ding ngah zawh loh manin Zangkong khua-ah Zomi Nam Ni kibawl zo lo tazen hi. Ni kum 2005 ciangciang pen Golden Jubilee Hall ah sangnaupangte’ pang beel-in kibawl thei lai hi. Tu kum zong Zomi Nam Ni

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a kibawl nop hangin bawl khuan/phalna kingah nawn lo cih kiza hi. Zomi Siamsinte’ Maithak muakna khawng tawh thuah-a bawl kul zel ding dan khat hi.

Hih bang danin paipai leeng i minam ni hong bei thei dinga, i minam itna lungsim zong hong beibei thei ding hi. Ukeng hing lai beel sungah a kihuan i bat khak ding dah huai sa ing. Beel nuai panin mei kikhuut-a a tui damdamin hong lum toto hi. Sa nai kei ci-a, ukeng a omna lamin a tui hong sa-a, tua ukeng pen sih tawh hong kizom hi. Zomite aadingin hun leh nite damdamin hong haksa tektek-a, ei aading nuamlai, phamawh sam kei e, cih tawh i paipai leh beel sunga kisuang ukeng bangin i theih loh kalin mangthang thei ding hi hang. Tu'n zong Kawlgam sung lianah Zomi Nam Ni bawlna vai hi ta leh, i minam aading vaihawm theihna pen damdam-in hong beibei hi ta hi. Zomite tuni-in ei tung leh i minam bup tungah haksatna hong tung pah kei kha mah-inteh; ahi zongin tu-a bangin a pai leh ei’n zong vaihawm khat i neih kei leh, tu zawh a sawt loin Zomite cimit thei ding hi hang. A mihing i nungta zongin i minam hihna bei-in gam a nei nawn lo suak thei ding hi hang. Pilvaan' hun leh khan'lawh hun hi ta hi. Kawlgam uk sungah Zomi Nam Ni i bawl theih nawn loh meel kitel nawn lo hi.

Tua ahih manin k’ong it Zomi u leh naute aw, kum simin Zomi Nam Ni bawl ciang tawh lungkim lai ding i hi hiam? I minam’ aadingin lungsim kipumkhat-in na sep sawm ve ni. Tu kum kipat tuung January 14 ni-in America gam huam ding Zomi Innkuan (USA) ii thukhunpi kipsakna kinei zo ta-a, lungdamhuai mahmah hi. Zomi cih min a deih leh a sang zo teng mahmah hih kipawlna tawh kizom-a vai i hawmkhop ding k’ong deihsak hi. Eimi sungah biakna pawlpi tuamtuam

kinei-a, tuate pen Pasian’ thu-a kikhop kipawlna-in nei-in, i minam vai leh haksa-donghu vai tuamtuam-ah hih Zomi Innkuan (USA)-ah kipawl theih ding thupi ka sa hi. Florida Zomi Innkuan zong a innteek a bulpi khat hi, cih na za ing. Hih banga kipawlna in hun saupi-ah i minam aadingin vaang neihna leh mite’ zahtakna hong ngahsak ding hi. I minam min tawh i vaihawmnate in zong thu hong nei zaw ding hi. Biakna leh lu-hmu-ye (social) khen siam leeng deih huai hi.

Kawlgam sung bang i et kik ciangin Kawlgam sung suahtakna leh democracy i ngah nadingin na a seem zo, na a seem ngam kitawm mahmah lai-a, ei a mimal-in i kihel zo kei zongin a seem a bawl nuam, a seem a bawl laite tha i kipiak siam ding tuni-in k’ong hanthawn nuam hi. Nainganzi (politics) pen ei tawh kisai kei ci kei ni. Kawlgam sung ki-ukna a hoih loh man -a US-a a tung tam mahmah hi hang. I gam nuam leh kuamah puapial khol lo kha ding hi hang. Tu laitakin CRPP, NLD leh mipi makai tampi takte in Kawlgam ah suahtakna leh democracy ngah nadingin a nun’takna uh khaam-in na hong seem uh hi. Ei Zomi sung panin zong a kilang deuh-ah Pu Tg. Chin Sian Thang leh ZNC makaite i minam a vei pawlkhatte in tuni ciangdong hang takin na hong seem uh hi. Party vai a gen ka hi kei-a, hih bang haksat hun taktak cianga hong makaih, gam aading summeet lametna tawh hi leh hong kipia lo ding-te buang, tha pia buang teei ni, a ci ka hi hi. I makaite mipi in en lo hi hang. Pu Tg. Chin Sian Thang bang pen Kawlgam sung mualtung mi khempeuh taanga thu gen thei, a gengen ahi hi. Eimi’ aadingin angtan’ huai mahmah hi. I minam’ aading kin lo-in, i makaite pan'pih (support) kei lailai leeng, a tawpna-ah i minam bup-in suplawh ding hi hang. I gambup haksa-in gentheihna i thuak

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laitak ei’ taanga a seem ngamte pen kua mi kua sa ci lo-in tha i piak ding, ei a suakta gam-a teengte in pan’pih huai saam lo ding hiam? America gam sungah nun’tak na’ngin i kikhual zah khat-in Zogam-a omlai i minampihte’ aadingin zong naseem-a thu i ngaihsut ding i kihanthawn hi. A sesmsesmsate zong tha i kipia hi.

Tua banah, Zomi Reunification Organization (ZRO) ii President pipa Pu Tg. Thang Lian Pau in zong ZoNet sung pana hong khah, Zomi Nam Ni tawh kisai Makaipi Thu Vaikhakna (Presidential Message) sungah hong hanthot mah bangin i minam i man’than’ loh (survive) na’ng leh nopsak (prosper) na’ng-in Thumaan (Truth), Suaktakna (Freedom), Kipumkhatna (Unity), Nopsakna (Prosperity) thute leh vannuai leitung-ah gam (land) kician khat i ngah na’ngin ZRO nasepnate-ah i pan’pih tek ding i kihanthawn pha hi. Zomite zong niam nawn lo hi hang; leitung bup level-a taite hih sawm ni. Zomi, Chin, Laimi, Asho ci-in Net sung khawng-ah tua thute bek tawh i buaibuai sang-in i tun’na mun pan i minam bup kalsuan khop theih ding geel ta leeng hoih ding hi. Ei’ khua, ei’ pau bek ciang bek tawh suakta zo lo ding hi hang. Minam’ aading vaihawmna-ah masak ding leh nunun’ ding nei-in min vai tawh buai nawn kei ni. I gam a beibei, a siasia hi ta hi. Ei leh ei kilem thei lo-in kitawngtawng nawn kei ni.

Ka thukhupna dingin hih thu teng k’ong hanthawn pha nuam hi.

US gam sungah nuntak na’ng i zon' kawm mahin i nusiat Kawlgam Zogam-a Zomite aadingin mailam nainganzi pai zia ding

geel khol-in mi nungah i om khin phial zongin, tu’n mi tawh tan bang i kikim nadingin hanciam ni. Hih Zomi Nam Ni i bawlna ii a gah hong hi ding hi.

Gam leh minam nasepna-ah pawlpi leh biakna kideidan lo-in, leh tu’n a kiphuan thak Zomi Innkuan (USA) mah-ah kipawl tek-in, i minam bup vai ding hawm sawm ni.

Kawlgam sunga kipawlna tuamtuam leh i neihsa Zomi minpua kipawlnate ahi ZNC, ZRO cihte mah phungvuh sawm ni. Political Affairs Committee of Chinland (PACC) tawh khut kilenin na sem khawm ni. Kipawlna khat peuhpeuh-ah mimal thaneemna leh hoih lohnate a om khak leh zong ki-en kei ni. Pan' khawm siam ni.

Minam min vai tawh buaibuai masa nawn lo-in i omna mun pan i minam bup, Tedim, Falam, Hakha, Mindat, Matupi, Kanpetlet, Paletwa, Asho, Aizawl, Lamka cih om lo-in ma pan' khop ding sawm ni. Ei leh ei dai kikai-in kisungkalh nawn kei ni. Tedim Zomite mi nungah cian/om ta hi hang. Takkheh, Zomi.

A tawpna ah, i Zolai Sim bu sunga mah bangin, Z - laimal ahi Z - Zomite hanlungciam khangto diam! A nuam Zomi Nam Ni kum 100 dongin a zang thei dingin a za, a ngai mimal khat ciat Topa in thupha hong pia ta hen. Amen.

February 20, 2006Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA

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A New Chin Paradigm

Maj. Tg. S. Khup Cin Pau (Retd.)

When we were all Chins

In more than fifty years I’ve never seen such difference of opinion and parochialism among our Chin people as in this decade of the 21st Century. At the end of the war I remember reading bits of Nengzagin’s Thukizakna, and later heard of T. Gougin's and Khupzago’s writings about our Chin people’s aspiration for unity and progress.

There was quite a lot of social intercourse also with the Mizos notably when educators Messrs. Sangliana BA (Hons.) and Malsawma came to Tedim to help us back to our feet following the war. There were also itinerant vendors called kaih thial from whom we learned songs like Number Ten Passing Show in a Ngai Lo, Aw di aw di, aw di, Ka

bang Thei Lo Nang Ngai etc. We all were Chins then, and many Mizos (then Lushai) like Captains Kap Chawla and C. Vuta enrolled in the Chin battalions and later Zakhuma and Lalmuana rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

I remember that in the early 50’s we used to sing in the Hill-Chin Students’ Union with misty eyes Pu Za Hnei Sum’s Lai Tlang Ca Zir Mi or the Mizo melody, Kan Zo Tlang Ram Nuam. We discussed a common language and promoted our own dialects a lot but we were never averse to singing in Falam, Lushai or other dialects.

In geo-politics in the search for a

common heritage and common language, patriots like Neng Za Cin (Thukizakna), T. Gougin (Unification of Chinland) and later Khup Za Go (Zo Minam Tawh Kisai Thu) led the field outside the Chin Hills while Sukte T. Haugo, Revs. Sang Fen, Sang Ling and others founded the Zomi Baptist Convention and rallied the people around the word zo with its variants yo, kseu,seu and the like1 , by which most of our people call ourselves.

Zomi or Chin

For over fifty years there were no problems for the name Zomi until parochial politics set in to divide us into Zomi and Chin camps. One former general secretary wrote in the internet that the name Zomi Baptist Convention was just a popularity stunt by Sukte T. Haugo. Other Lai people also say that they do not call themselves Zo, and some are not enthusiastic about Zo because it means “unsophisticated … uncultivated, relatively crude.”2

On the other hand some people reject the name Chin, saying that’s how other people call us. They say that the name is used derogatorily as it is said to mean “basket.” Because of such perceived disparagement of the name Chin some want to replace “Chin” with “Zomi” in all usage, even for the period in history when the term “Zomi” had not even been proposed as our “proprietary name.”

1 Lehman, The Structure of Chin Society, p.3 2 Ibid., pp. 3 and 224

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In recent years the rivalry between those who want Zomi and Chin has gone beyond mere verbal altercation and threatens to look ugly. It hurts the solidarity of our people at a time when we need all the co-operation and unity we can get.

Zo and Chin confusion

According to the definition, paradigm is an example, “an overall concept accepted by most people in an intellectual community,” and so has the name Chin been accepted for centuries. As the late Khup Za Go3 pointed out, tribal people usually have two names — one other people call them and another one they call themselves. Lushai and Manipuri are how others call those who call themselves Mizo and Meitei. So Zomi or Lai is how we call ourselves and Chin is how others called us for centuries. It is, so to say, our paradigm name. But unfortunately the Zomi and Chin controversy has developed out of parochial politics and a joke that has Chin to mean “basket.”

Chin means comrade

However, we’d look a little naive to drop the name Chin just because it is said to mean “basket,” or for any meaning “basket” could have. After all, according to the best authorities the word Chin spelled with yapint in old Burmese is pronounced Kh’yan, not Chin, and means ally or comrade.4 Most important for the sake of racial harmony, the background story that Chins and Burmans never fought a war in history should not be

3 Khup Za Go, Zo Minam Tawh Kisai Thu, p. 124 Lehman, op.cit.,p. 3

ignored. Hence the word Chin is said to mean comrade.

Still, if someone asks you, “What kind of a basket are you?” you need not get worked up. Simply answer jovially, ‘Just a wa chin — the bamboo chin — in your gaung baung!.’ The implication of a Chin in his gaung baung headgear should discourage any one to repeat the joke.

As far as meanings and symbols go, a basket has no stigma in any language or culture we know unless we’d think that our people carrying baskets is a thing to be ashamed of. Anyway, to assuage the sensitive among us, we might add that pitaka in the word tripitaka means “basket” in which sacred scriptures on the palm leaves were kept! So how will an answer like “I’m a pitaka Chin” do?

Debunking disparaging impressions

Although most of us blow our top over the “basket” story, there are even more unflattering observations by our beloved missionaries like those made by Rev and Mrs. Arthur Carson who described northern Chins as “very drunken, exceedingly savage, being head hunters,” “fierce, savage-looking, …dirty and filthy beyond description.” 5

It is understandable that they had to be graphic to emphasize the dire needs of our people. But the problems of inter-culture mission works often resulted in quite damaging impressions when a recent book describes the “Kamhaus” of 1940’s as still so far behind in civilization as not to even have

5 Johnson, Dr. Robert G., American Baptist Chin

Mission, Vol. I, p. 48

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the word “forgive,”6 killing one another over bride prices, or starving their children in order to brew zu.

Whether unwilling to hurt the feelings of the authors, or actually believing that our people at the turn of the 20th century were still so uncivilized that “the very idea of the word (forgive) did not enter the mind and thinking of those warlike, head hunting people,”7 our Christian leadership has not responded.

If these had been true we would certainly need to be ashamed of being called Chins. But the fact is Kamhau customary law, in use since 1848, not only has the concept of the word “forgive” but actually anticipated human right and even the abolition of capital punishment. If in the ’forties Kamhaus had killed one another over bride prices, we would be justified to disassociate ourselves from the name Chin.8

For the sake of historicity, we need to debunk stories which say Kamhaus actually “gave up food and let their children starve to death in hopes of appeasing the spirit” not in the ’forties, but if ever. We need to do so for our self-esteem.

Chin Christian leadership may find it hard to be critical about the writings of our missionaries but true scholarship should be expected of our generation. Not only must we debunk false impressions, but should be

6 Nelson, Phileda O., and Karen Nelson Rough Roads Good Life, p 42, p 51, p. 46

7 Ibid. 428 L. Gin Za Cin, writes in The Customary Law of Kamhau, that Tedim Chins were “the most civilized and peace-loving people because during the British regime for over 50 years, there was only one murder

case reported.”

diligent when we write about the history of our people and strive to show who we Chins really are in our culture and tradition.

“Zomi” as a paradigm name

When Haugo and Christian leaders from all over the Chin Hills chose the name “Zomi” as the name for the Baptist Convention they founded, they thought of a “special word” which “all the people we customarily call Chin”9 could agree to. It was never meant to supercede Chin, Lai, Mizo, Asho, et al but to unite the Baptist Christians for the work of the Great Commission which is to reach all nations of the world.

We will do well to promote the name Zomi and let the world know what we have achieved as Chins, Lushais, Kukis, et al. in the same way the Gurkhas have made their name synonymous with a soldier’s soldier. Instead of marginalizing our individual tribes or clans by dropping Chins, Lushais, Kukis or Nagas, we take pride in our history and also build one another up. We must wake up to the fact of globalization that has removed most of the political, ideological and trade barriers in the world.

We can no longer hold on to our blanket of parochial security and clan-nish interests, sucking our thumbs or quarrelling about conjectural genealo-gies. We must quickly get onto the IT bandwagon and make the most of “dot.com” opportunities lest in this globalization India, China and whoever our hosts are will leave us out in our internecine quarrels and rivalry.

Zo and Chin confusion

9 Lehman, p 3

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Christian leadership and scholarship as evidenced in published books10 have not been too critical of missionary writing and have often addressed their own circle of family and friends, sometimes at the expense of usage and historicity. Whoever was the source of errors in Rough Road, Good Life simply went along with pioneer missionaries’ first impression and their seeing our culture mainly in tapidaw-lawki dichotomy.11

When the word Zo is promoted to replace the paradigmatic term Chin, that is the “concept accepted by most people” in history in a period before the word Zo was proposed, a serious confusion resulted. Zo or Zote denoted some fifteen clans of the Zo tribe in Kamhau tract, and Chin applies to “ ‘Chins’12as including all Chins living in the Chin Hills, Lushai, Kukis and Naga.” In the historic statement “Zo Soldiers Save Burma”13 the soldiers referred to were officers and men of the Chin Rifles battalions that very likely included men of the Zo clan, but were mainly from Haka, Falam and Tedim who went to battle as Chins with the insignia of Chin Rifles.

Again another historic reference, “Zo delegation” to Panglong conference was misleading, because while there was a “Zo”

10 Books published by Chins in the Chin Hills are Dr.Vum Ko Hau’s Profile of a Burma Frontier Man,

Dr. Vumson’s Zo History and Sing Ko Khai’s Zo People and Their Culture

11 Tapidaw is a Burmese word meaning follower first used for early Kamhau converts. Lawki the opposite

of tapidaw means worldly, but used equivalent to perdition.

12 Chin Hills Gazeteer “‘Chins’ as including all Chins living in Chin Hills, Lushai, Kukis and Naga”

13 Vumson, Zo History, p. 207, p. 191

delegate, U Lian Khaw Mang14 of Phaitu, it was not to Panglong but to Maymyo at the Maymyo Enquiry Commission later. The Chin chiefs who attended the first and second Panglong conferences were not “delegates” sent by anyone, but far-sighted chiefs who were willing to give up their tributes and power to support General Aung San, and hence played a pivotal role in the signing of the Panglong agreement and subsequently the founding of the union.

A New Chin15 Paradigm

Today in the first decade of the 21st

century, if Chins living in the Chin Hills, Lushai, Kukis and Naga are aware of the need to unite for the common weal of our peoples in order to survive and prosper we must quickly acknowledge that increased international trade and cultural exchange have resulted in the globalization of the world.

The old geo-political aspiration of the older generation for those who have been known as “Chins” must be reconsidered in terms of the new reality, namely globalization. For the sake of fraternal co-operation and unity we must also realize that we Chin, Zomi, Lai et al are now within the paradigm of “Chins living in the Chin Hills, Lushai, Kukis and Naga.”

Global Chins

First of all we must realize that we are now global. We still may not fully realize it

14 Other delegates were U On Khaw Mang and Let Suah representing Thahdos and U Thawn Hang representing Guite.

15 “‘Chins’ as including all Chins living in Chin Hills,

Lushai, Kukis and Naga.”

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but as early as 1917,16 a thousand Chins were involved in our first globalization. Migration to the US from Lumbang and Falam followed in the middle and late 50’s and by the late 80’s diaspora Chins are in all imaginable countries in the world. Now we have been global inter-netting and young men and women think nothing of borrowing lakhs of money at 10% monthly interest to work abroad as laborers.

In the Chin Hills and Burma thousands of graduates17 had been added to this generation by 1989. Micro-hydroelectric

plants of 4-5 Kilowatts are being built in quite

a few villages. Many villages now have planted vegetable and fruit gardens since Tedim-Haimual-Tio road18 was improved and maintained by the government. Remnant Chins now have a market where they can earn a steady foreign currency, begin to tend their vineyards and will soon be planting olive trees.

SCHEMIS

In anticipation of globalization coming to our land I believe the “remnant” Chins – Zomi, Lai, etc., – should build SCHEMIS (small communities of hydro-electricity & micro-irrigation systems) whereby we will maximize the benefit of the 58 inches average annual rainfall and take advantage of our

16 In 1917 Chief Hau Chin Khup sent off 1000-man labor corps from Rangoon to help in the French front and opened the land to the then modern world.

17 According to a survey of 1989, there were 7529

graduates (10 Ph D’s., 162 Masters), some 30 doctorates in Bible with Chin Bible colleges churning out hundreds of graduates since universities and colleges in Myanmar could no

longer be depended on. 18 The late S 2, Gen. Tin Oo, designated the road as Byuhar Road when Laitui villagers requested him. Now it is a trade route to India and every bit of

vegetable and cash crop can be sold to India.

precipitous hill sides by channeling the rain water by small canals into high altitude ponds for micro-electricity (2-5 KW) and terraced fields.

With electricity and global renovations like out-sourcing, small, flatted factories are possibilities if “global Chins” would translate their experience and hard-earned wealth to the uplifting of their ancestral hills. Should our diaspora Chins want to be contribute more than platitudes, a road from Tonzang going east through Tungtuang, Salzang, Lamthang, Sialthaw-Yazagyo on the Kalaymyo-Tamu highway is being contemplated. This will open up the eastern half of the Tedim subdivision to the rice fields and even the wild fig, mango and lime and rattan canes in this expanse of Chinland can be sold to India for precious F.E. (foreign exchange).

Trade and Commerce

As a young boy we used to play a daak music called Lusei Sumsin Daak which could have its origin in some early trade between Lushai and Kamhau people. After the war we have kaih thial traders from Mizoram. Now we have Sing taang vak traders going into Mizoram. Now we will soon have Tedim-Tio motor road which we hope will soon become a veritable trade route that will make us realize the best of our dreams for a New-Chin Paradigm.

In view of the fact that the majority of Chins belonging to one Christian church or another, the new paradigm will be Christian for moral guidance as we look to the common heritage of our Chin tribes for unity, but the unity will have to be of the nature E Pluribus Unum — one people out of many tribes.

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Tg. S. Khup Chin Pau, Maj., BE (Ret.), MASCE

Singapore October 29, 2005

Author: Retired from Burma Corps of Engineers after 27 years of service to country. Good Service medal for 25 years of unblemished record. Full member of American Society of Civil Engineers. B.S. in Civil Engineering from Duke University (1962); BA in English literature, philosophy and history from Rangoon University as external candidate (1965). MRE from Cornerstone University (2004).

Manuscript History

Article submitted by the author (Maj. S. Khup Cin Pau) via email for publication in Vahui Magazine (FZIUSA) on Friday, October 28, 2005

Preliminary editing (texual, grammatical, typographical, stylistic) done by the editor (Taang Zomi) on Monday, December 5, 2005

Penultimate editing done by the editor on Sunday July 2, 2006

Ultimate editing done on Wednesday November 1, 2006

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Tedim Pau Manphatna

Rev. Tg. Khup Za Go, M.A., M.Th.

India leh Kawlgam sung Zomite in zatpi-a i zat uh Tedim pau pen Pasian in vantung pana hong khiatsuk manna zaha manpha khatin ka ngaihsun hi. Lusei gam Murlen kici khua-ah ka om lai uh ka neu lai-in Teizang pau in ka pau hi. Sang ka kah theih ciangin Lusei lai kisim ahih manin Teizang pau sangin ka siam zaw phial hi. Ko khua-ah Japan gallai-in Khristian biakna thu na tung khin ahih manin biakna-in-ah Tedim Lai Siangtho leh Tedim labu na kizang hi. Tua ahih manin lai ka sim theih ciangin Tedim pau leh lai ka sin tawmm hi. Tua hun lai-in zong naupangno ka hih hangin “Ei pau ei lai ka cih ding pen hih Tedim pau mah hi ding hi”, ci-in ka ngaihsun ngei hi.

Primary School a zawh ciangin Middle School pen Lusei gam Champhai khua-ah kah in hostel-ah ka om hi. Khatvei ka siate huan sungah laisia kipaai khat ka vel leh Manipur gama kikhen Thukizakna kici na hi hi. Tua sungah, “A Theih Tuak Thu Pian’ Zia” kici J. Gin Za Twang in a gelh innkuan sung kikep dan ding, zin leh leeng hopih zia ding thu na tuanga, sim thei pha lo pi-in en-en, velvel-in a lai ka keem hi. Middle School-ah kum thum ka kah sungin Lusei pau bekbek tawh nungta ka hih manin ka ute khawng hong pai ciangin ei pau tawh hopih ding pen zumhuai ka sa phial hi. Middle School ka zawh ciangin Manipur gamah High School kah dingin Lamka gam Bungmual kici khua-ah ka pute bel dingin ka pai hi. Tua lai ka tun’ ciangin ka Teizang pau leh Lusei pen phiat bawla, Lamka lama kizang Paite pau pen kisin ding ka ngaihsun hi. Tua

hun lai pawl mahin 1952-53 kuma Rangoon Zo Sangnaupang Pawlpi Kumcin’ Magazine a khet uh ka mu kha zenzen hi. Tua sungah, “A Theih Tuak Thu Pian’ Zia” kici J. Gin Za Twang’ laigelh pen ka muh kik ciangin Thukizakna sungah ka sim pen mah ahih lam ka phawk kik-a, lamdang ka sa hi. Tua magazine pen ka velvel ciangin Mikang lai, Kawllai leh Zopau tuamtuam Tedim, Haka, Laizo (Falam), Kanpalet, Mindat cihte tawh a kikhen ahi hi. Hih Zopaute lak panin Tedim pau bek mah India gam Manipur-ah kithei-a, kei’n zong ka sim theih ahih lam ka mu hi. Tua tak ciangin India leh Kawlgam-a om Zomite aadingin Tedim pau zangh le’ng kizang thei kawikawi ahih ciangin ci-in Tedim pau mah kisin phat dingin ka khensat hi. Zolai sang a om ahih loh ciangin Tedim pau a zang ka pi tung pan ka sin hong kul hi. Tedim gamah pian’pih pau a zangte leh Dr. Cope bawlsa Zolai tawh a khangkhawmte zah in ka siam zawh loh hangin tuni dongin kei aadingin ka Zolai leh ka Zopau a suak hi. Tu-in tua zawh kum sawmthum a pha phial ding hi ta-a, Tedim pau leh lai ka zat pen khatvei beek kisik lo tham lo-in lung a kip seemseem-a, Chin State sung Zopau lak panin zong Tedim pau mah a kithei taang peen (common language) hi ci-in ka ngaihsun hi.

Khangluite genna panin Tedim pau pen Zopau tuamtuam a kigawm, a kihel khawm kampau ahi hi. Ni dang lai-in-ah Tedim khua pen inn zathum pha hi. Tua hun lai-in Teizang, Sihzang, Saizang, Simte, Gangte, Zote, Guite, Vangteh, Vaiphei, Thahdo cihte a teen’ khop

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ciangun a tat dan a pau dan uh hong kilawh ciata, tua panin tu-a Tedim pau kici pen hong piangkhia hi ci-in gen uh hi. Tua hi-a, “Kei pau hi, ei pau hi”, ci-a a zang thei peuhpeuh aadingin i pau i ham suak pah lel hi.

Mikang kumpi hong khanga, tua tawh kiton-in Khristian biakna makaite zong Zogam hong tung uh hi. Tua hun lai-in Zomite in lai nei nai lo uh hi. Zopau tampi om hi cih a theih ciangun koi peen tawh lai bawl le’ng pha pen ding hiam ci-in kumpi lam pan hitaleh, biakna lam pan hitaleh a vaihawm uh hi. Tua thu tawh kisai-in Kawlgam Lai Siangtho thuvanpi Rev. Sherratt, Zogamah a zin kawikawi hi. Sherratt in London Lai Siangtho zumah thu a puakna lai July 7, 1913 sungah: kumpi lam pan leh biakna lam makaite ngaihsutna panin Tedim gam panin taangkam (lingua franca) piang thei peen leh kilawm hi, ci-in thupuak hi. Tua thu tawh kituakin Rev. J. H. Cope in a tei 1915 kuma kikhen Matthai bu pen Chin Hills sung Zopau tawh a kikhen masa peen Lai Siangtho hi pah hi. Tua hi-a, mipil masa, laithei masa Mikangte in zong Zopau bulpi khat-a a seh uh Tedim pau pen a manpha diak pau khat ahi hi.

Kampau kicing, thucing minam cih kitheihna khat in paunak leh kamkopte ahi hi. Khiatna a nei paunak ‘Mihing leh pa po’ , ‘Hawmsiam nungta, nebum si’, ‘Zawng khelbai thu-in zong zawng hon ta’, cih bangte in i minam nuntakna leh gamtatzia ding hong lak hi. Khangluite thuciin tampi i paunak sungah om hi. Tua bek hi lo-in pau kicingsak, a ngaihsak ahi kamkop kici annek tuidawn’, nikten puansilh, a teek a khang, thusia lasia, sumnu sumpa, innthu gamthu cih bangte pen tudongin a neu a lianin kizang thei lai hi. I paunakte, i kamzatte leh kamkopte limtakin kikaikhawm leh laibupi khat dim ding hi-a, tuate hangin Tedim pau in thubun diak, ngaih

diak, kitelsak diak, kipsak diak hi.

Leitung mihing khempeuh in i deih ciat, leitung mihingte aading-a kham leh ngun zaha a manpha in bang hiam cih leh la ahi hi. Khangluite in la i cih thu hi ci-in la thupi a sakna uh na gen thei uh hi. Nopsakna dahna thu-a kipan biakna upna thu zong la tawh kiphuak-a, la mah tawh kipulak hi. Tedim pau tawh zawlla, Zola, latung, laphei ci-in kicingtakin om hi. Hih i late sungah Lusei, Thahdo, Simte, Zote, Gangte, Vaiphei, Hmar, Ralte, Ngawn leh Laizo cih bang dongin i kammal kihel ahih manin manpha lai hi. Tanglai-a kipan a khang a khangin laphuak siam a om mah bangin tu dongin zong om hi. Khrstian biakna hong tun’-a kipan Mikang la (Western music) tawh laphuaksiam, lasaksiam Zomi om-a, mun khempeuhah ngaih theih dingin kheset, radio leh dalpau khawngah zong kikhum ta hi.

I Khanglui la pawlkhatte pen a bul leh a dawnah ‘aw’ hiam, ‘a’ hiam tawh kikhup thei zeel-a hoih ciat hi.

Ka pute inntual tunga Nipipaak aw,

Hong lawhsak aw, lungneem aw, bat

nuam ing e.

Bat ning cile’ng ka bil-ah tual lua

ding-a,

Khangdam piau-ah phuigua bang suan

nuam ing e.

Tedim pau-ah dawi thu, gal thu, sa thu, mihangsan thu, lawm kingai thu cih bang a omna tangthu Penglam, Neino, Lengtonghoih, Dawikungpu leh Galngam, Liando leh Thangho cih bang zong a kicing takin om hi. Hih bang tangthute leh late in Tedim pau pen a maitaangsak hi.

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Tedim pau a lamdan’na khatah lai pau leh kam pau (literal style leh colloquial style) om tuam se hi. Lai pau i cih pen khual pau cih theih hi-a, kam pau pen tual pau zong cih theih ding hi. Lai pau pen meel kimu lo-a thugenna ahih manin upa pau zaw diak-a, thupi genna leh gatang kaihna pau a suak hi. Tual pau pen ahih leh maitang kimu kawma kihopihna hi-a, naupang pau zong bang diak hi, Ahi zongin a zangsiam t’aadingin a thu zil- in zat theih khop kawikawi hi. A pongpi-in lai pau pen sau-a, kihona pau pen kammal kimelh tam ahih manin tom zaw deuh hamtang hi. Lai pau-ah “Nang koi-ah pai ding na hi hiam?” a kici pen kihona-ah, “Kaw pai ding na?” kici ziau thei hi. “Kei in ka hong pai thei kei hi”, cih pen “Hong pai thei kei ning”, ci le’ng ong kitel veve hi. Hih banga khual pau leh tual pau cih theih ding Tedim pau sungah a omna thu leitungbup-a a pulak khia pen Zomi hi lo in, Mikangmi, kampau pilna nei, London-a om Dr. E. J. A. Henderson, Professor of Phonetics, University of London ahi bilbel hi. Amah in 1954 kumin Chin Hills ah kam pau thukana hong paina panin Colloquial Chin As a

Prominalized Language kici laibu, 1957 kumin khen hi. Khaw Lei Ui Kaai leh Dahpa Tangthu tegeel panin Tedim kampau leh lai gelh dan a muhna thu laimai 172 dimin a gelh Tiddim Chin kici laibu mah 1965 kumin a khen kik hi. Hih banga khual pau leh tual pau cih banga lai a kigelh thei kawikawi pen Tedim pau a it huaina, a deih huaina leh a hoihna khat na hi gige hi.

Khatvei laipil mawh lo lawmte khat in, “I Tedim pau-ah ‘hi’ cih kammal tam lua sa ing. Ahi lah ahi hi-a, ahi lo lah ahi hi”, hong ci hi. Kei’n, “Lawm aw, hi hi. ‘Hi’ cih kammal pen Tedim pau panin phiat ni ci mawk le’ng,

Tedim pau in na man lo ding hi. Kei’

ngaihsutna panin kamguicing, kamgualcing

peuhmah pen ‘hi’ cih kammal tawh kikhup

ngiat tawntung ahih manin ‘hi’ cih kammal

pen tanglai, zanni, tuni, a tawntungin a kizang

tawntung ding, a kiphiat ngei hial lo ding

kammal manpha khat hi kha ciitciat se zen laizang dih zen hi”, ka ci hi. Kam kisawlna, kam kidotna cihte bangte lo buangah thugenna, kampauna, kihona khempeuh pen ‘hi’ cih kammal tawh a kikhup den ahi hi.

Topa pen tuu banga kei hong cingpa

hi a,

Bangmah ka kisam kei ding hi.

Lononaah keimah hong lumsak a, tui

kiangah kei hong paipih hi.

Ka nuntakna tha hong dimsak a,

Ama min a thanna dingin thuman

lampiah kei hong kha hi. (Late 23:1-3).

Ka nuam hi, Ka nuam hi,

Jesu’n ka mawh hong phel zo hi.

Thungetna zia a hong hilh hi,

Nisimin hong lungdamsak hi.

Ka nuam hi, Ka nuam hi,

Jesu’n ka mawh hong phel zo hi.

Hih bangin Tedim pau mah bang kammal gualcing, khiatna khat genzawh cianga kammal a kibang khat tawh a kihial tawntung kam pau dang leitungah a om kha ahi zongin kei bang in a za kha nai lo ka hi ding hi.

Tedim a limciitna mahmah khat pen tanglai-a i pu i pate in a neih ngei loh, a zat ngei loh uh, tu hun cianga i zat i neih nate, vante leh thute genna kammal thak phuahna dingin kilem nuama, a suak thei mahmah hi. Post office, hospital, cycle, aeroplane, train, army, stamp, envelop leh grammaphone cihte pen laito, zato, siksakol, vanleng, meileng, galkap, lailu, lai-ip leh dalpau kici ziau-a, kitel

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pah hi. A pilmasa zaw Mikangte, Vaite leh Kawlte cihna pen a zuih loh theih lohna pawlkhat a om ding mah ahih hangin i lai leh i pau a khantohna dingin kammal thak pen a hunhunin i phuahtawmm ding kisam hi. Kampau pawlkhatte-ah hih a tunga kigen kammalte pen amau’ pau in suak thei pha lo ahih manin midangte’ cihna a zuih uh kul hi.

1975 kumin BSI Translations Centre, Shillongah Tedim Lai Siangtho teina vai tawh kisai ka om lai-in Translations Consultant ahi Dr. M. P John, M.A., Ph.D. in Lai Siangtho bu min Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Kings, Chronicles, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, leh Lamentations cihte Pian’ciilna, Paikhiatna, Siampi Laibu, Gamlak Vakna, Thu Hilhkikna, Thukhente, Kumpite, Khangthu, Late, Paunak, Thuhilhna leh Kah La ci-a kitei-a, Tedim kampau mite in telnop a sak mahmah thu a theih ciangin lamdang a sa hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh hih Lai Siangtho bu minte hih banga kitei thei, kibulh ziauziau thei kampau pen laitungah a tam lo hi. Cross pen singlamteh ci ziau-a, la khawngah kisa thei vauvau, i lungsim lah hong bun veve ahihna thu a theih ciangin Dr. John in lamdang a sa hi.

Tedim pau-ah ko leh ei, nang leh no cihte a tuam sinsen-a i neih pen i pau a kitelna, a sian’na khat ahi hi. Mikang pau-ah nang leh no pen ‘you’ mah hi tuaktuak-a, a kitel khial hun tam hi. Ko leh ei zong ‘we’ bek mah hi thapai-a, a kitel lohna mun tam hi. 1973 kum America ka pai lai-in ka zinpa kiangah, “Ko gam pen zawng lua hi”, ka cihnopna-in “Our country is very poor”, ka cih ciangin amau’ ngaihsutna-ah, “Ei gam pen zawng lua hi”, cihna zong suak thei-a, amau USA zong India zah maha a zawng gam ka suahsak khak ciangin hong nop pha hiau lo hi.

America gam, Mikang gam, Germany gam cih bang panin meltheihte tung panin Tedim pau tawh kigelh laikhak ka ngah hun hong om thei zeel hi. Tua mah bangin Rangoon, Mandalay, Delhi, Bombay, Bangalore, Madras, Calcutta cih bang panin zong laikhak ka ngah thei zel hi. Tua pen kei bek hi lo-in, no zong a ngah ngei ciat dingin k’ong um hi. Hi bang laikhakte-a kipan leitungbup Lai Siangtho Khen Pawlpite in Tedim pau tawh Lai Siangtho hong khetsakna thute i ngaihsut ciangin Tedim kam pau mite Tedim, Tonzang, Kawlpi, Tamu, Lamka, Aizawl gam cihte bekah hi lo-in, mun teng gam tengah kumpi nasem, galkap, palik, sangkah, sumbawl, biakna nasem cih bangin a dim kawikawi i hihna hong phawksak hi. A beisa hun kum sawm lai sangin tu ciangin kizel kawikawi ahihna keima’ mit mahmah tawh Kawlgam, Lusei gam, Manipur gam leh Assam gamah zong ka mu hi. Mailam kum sawm hun ciangin kihi zaw sem lai ding hi. Kam pau kibang lai khat a zang hih banga i omna in hamphatna, i vangliatna ahi hi.

Leitung minam khat pana mihing tam peena kigen Sente in gam tampi-ah kikhena, pau nam tampi mah a pau hang-un lai (script) nam khat tawh laipau a neih manun a minam uh kilomkhata, a gam uh kip hi, ci-in kigen hi. America gama suak Sente khat in Sen pau leh Sen lai sin dingin Hongkong-ah pai-a, ‘Sen pau leh Sen lai siam hi’, cihna letmat a baang tungah kisuang ka muh ciangin ka lungsim hong lawng hi. Kawlgam Vaigam, Simgam, Zogama om Zomite thu leh la i kizak theihna, khau banga hong khil khawm Tedim pau leh lai pen Pasian in Zomite a siam dinga hong tawisak ahi ci-a, kuamahpeuh in i puah, i hah, i zun ciat ding hi, ci-in ka ngaihsun hi.[Hih lai, 28 OCT 05 FRI ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zolai leh Zolai Simbu

Tg. Kaptawng

Miami, Florida, USA

Thupatna:

Zomite in ‘lai’ i neih zawh kum 100 sung bang pha ta hi. I teen’na mun le mual zui-in, Zopau le Zolai a thei nawn lo tampi tak om khin hi. Zaanggam teeng Zomite in Zopau a pau theih teei uh hangin, khangno tampi takin ‘la-kam’ le ‘paunak’-te thei nawn lo uh-a, Zolai a gelh thei lo zongh tampi tak om ta hi. I pau le i laite pau thei, gelh thei, sim thei bek ciang hi lo- in, bangci bang in hong piang khia hiam cih zongh i theih ding, le i tu i tate i hilh ding kisam hi. A diakdiak-in nampi lian lak-ah a teeng gamdang tung Zomite in Zopau kitam zaak nawn lo-in, Zolai tawh lai sim ding om lo hi. Tua ahih man-in i pau le i lai bangci dan-in hong piang hiam cih thei ciat le’ng ‘pau’ itna, le ‘lai’ itna i neih theih ciat nadingin, i pau le i lai bangci bangin hong piangkhia hiam cih i theih ciat ding deih huai masa hi.

I. ZOLAI PIAN’NA

A. Zo Tuallai

Tedim gam Lailui khua Pu Pau Cin Hau in Zogam ah a piang masa peenpeen (lai) “Lai-pian” or “Pau Cin Hau’ lai”, kum 1896-98 sungin na bawl hi. Sen (Chinese)-te’ lai tawh kibang pian-in laimal khat teh kammal khat ta a suak laimal 1050 tawh Zo Tuallai na bawl hi. Tua lai pen tan 6 ciang sin dingin kibawl

hi. Kum 1913 ciangin Pau Cin Hau’ lai tawh Mualtung thu hilhna ki khen hi. Tu ni ciang dongin Pu Pau Cin Hau ii bawl ‘Tual-lai’ or ‘Lai-pian’ pen Laipian Pawlpi (Biakna) mite in zangh lai uh-a, a dang Zomite in zatpih nawn lo uh hi.

B. Zo Manglai

Zo Manglai i cih ciangin tu hun-a a ki zangh Roman Script (a, b, c, …) cihna ahi hi. 1894 kum in Mikang mi Surgeon Major A. E. G. Newland (Indian Medical Service-a a seem) in Haka lai na bawlsak masa hi. Tua khit Rev. A. E. Carson te nupa Haka hong tun’ ciangin a kibawlsa Haka lai puahsak hi. 1908 kum-in Rev. J. H. Cope-te nupa Haka hong tung masa-in, 1910 kum-in Tedim-ah kituah uh-a, a kibawlsa Zolai gelh dante kan- in, Zomite zattaang theih dingin Roman Script tawh Zolai hong bawlsak-a tu ni dong kizangh hi. Roman Script tawh hong bawlsak man-in, Zomite in a tuam-in siktawh lai khetna, computer cih te bawl kul nawn lo-in, email i gelh ciangin zongh i Zolai teekteek tawh kikhak thei i hih man-in hih zah a zat nuam ding Zolai hong bawlsak Cope Topa tungah a lungdam huai lam i phawk seemseem hi.

C. Zopau/lai Taang-kam (common

dialect)

1910 kum Cope Topa Tedim hong tun’ ciangin Tedim gam sungah (tu lai Tedim,

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Tonzang, Cikha township) hong zin kawikawi-a, pau namneu tuamtuam a om lam hong thei hi; bang kamtawh lai gelh le’ng tangzai-in kizangh kim thei peen ding hiam cih hong kan hi. 1919 kum-in Tedim Vuandok zumah kampau zattaang ding tawh kisai kikupna nei uh hi. Cope Topa Khamtung hong tun’ ma 1891 kum-in Captain Rundall in Siyin lai bawlsak khin ahih manin, Siyin lai/kam zat ding zongh kikum uh hi. Hih kikupna Pu Ngul Langh’ ciaptehna-ah:

Hih thu kikupna sungah Sihzang kam

zang ding a kicih ciangin, Hiangzang

khua hausa Pu Zam Khaw Thang

(Thahdo kam zang), Hangken hausa

Pu Kam Pum (Thahdo kam zang),

Phaitu khua hausa Mantuang nam

Pu Khan Thawng (Zo kam zang),

Salzang khua hausa Pu Zaang Khaw

Lian ( Zo kam zang), Tuimui khua

hausa Guite nam Pu Mang Za Thang

(Paite kam zang) le Haiciin khua

hausa Pu Tual Pum (Paite kam

zang)-te in Sihzang kam tel kei ungh

ci-in nial uh hi. A tel lo takpi mah uh

hiam ci-in Sihzang kam tawh

kihopih-a tel zo lo takpi uh hi. Tua

thu kikupna sungah Tedim kam i cih

a zangh diak khua a hi: Tedim,

Ngennung, Haupi, Gawngmual,

Leilum, Lezang, Tongsial, Lamzang,

Lailui, Mangken, Kahgen, Taaklam,

Tonzang, Tungtuang, Anlangh,

Gamlai, Khuaimual le Seitual khua

pan-a taangmi a pai hausa le upate a

pau khat beek om vet lo-in, Sihzang

pau zat ding lah nial lo, Tedim pau

zat ding thu zong kamkupna neihpih

tuan lo uh hi. Hih hunin Zogam ki-

ukna pen Magwe khutnuai-ah om hi.

Hih bang teng hangin Tedim kam tawh Zolai simbu bawl ding thu khensatna hong om hi. Tedim pau pen taangkam/pau (common dialect) ding thukimna bek hi lo zaw-in, Tedim pau pen namneu te’ pau teng kigawm khawm a hihna tawh taangkam-a zat ding cihna hi zaw hi.

1980 kum-a kibawl Zomi magazine-ah Tg. Askeppee in a nuai-a bangin na gelh hi.

“Nidang lai-in Ciimnuai piang

mite’ kampau nam guk a hi:

Teizang kam, Saizang kam,

Thahdo kam, Vaiphei kam, Guite

kam le Zo kam paute na teeng

khawm uh hi. Amaute in dawi

biakna tual khat bek zangh uh hi.

Hih bangh teen’ khopna panin pau

nam tuam khat piangkhia-a, tua

pen Tedim kam (Koine Tedim) kici

tu lai-a Zolai Simbu kigelh pen ahi

hi. Tedim pau ah pau namkim

kigawm peen ahih man-in Tedim

gambup (tu lai Tedim, Tonzang,

Cikha gamte) ah taang kam hong

suak hi.” (Sihzang kam zongh…--

author)

Hih Tedim kam-pau Zomite pen tu lai Saizang khua gei-a Ciimnuai-ah teeng masa uh hi cih pen nialna ding omlo hi. I pu i pate Ciimnuai-ah a teen’ lai-un pau khat bek hi-a, hong kikhen-in mun tuamtuam-ah hong teen’ ciangin pau tuamtuam hong piang ahi hi. Ciimnuai-a a teen’ khop lai-un a pau zat uh (original dialect) pen Saizang pau hi kha ding hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Saizang khua

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tawh kinaai, tanglai Zo lapite-ah Saizang kam kihelna tam mahmah hi. Tua ban-ah tu hun-a Tedim khua tual-a teeng khangham lamte’ Tedim pau zat pen Saizang pau tawh kibangh khin phial hi.

II. ZOLAI SIMBU

1921 kum-in Burne Mangpa (Lt. Col. I. E. Burne, Deputy Commissioner and Battalion Commander) makai-in Falam khua ah sang vai kikupna thupi mahmah khat nei uh hi. Sang khempeuh-ah Zolai tawh laisin thei ding cih thu hi-a, hih thu a zaak ciangin Cope Topa zongh lungdam mahmah hi. Hih hun-in Zogam-ah tanli sang guk bang bek om pan-a Kawl lai tawh pilna sin uh hi. 1922 kum ciangin Maymyo khua-ah sang vai mah kikum kik uh-a, Laizo kam tawh pilna sin ding gelna a neih uh ciangin Cope Topa lungkim lo-in, Tedim kam le Laizo kam tawh laisin ding le Cope Topa’ bawl laigelh zia zuih ding kumpi tungah ngetna nei hi. 1924 kum May kha-in Burne Haka hong pai-in Cope Topa tawh kimu uh-a, Zogam ah Laizo kam le Tedim kam tawh laisin ding le laisim bu bawl ding, thukimna nei uh hi. 1925 kum-in Mikang kumpi vaihawmna tawh Zogam sang khempeuh kumpi khut sung tungin, Zolai tawh tanli ciang ki sin hi. Kumpite in Zogam-ah sang-uk mangpa a seem dingin Cope Topa sawl uh ahih manin tu ni dongin “Sangmangpa” kici hi. Zogam Sangmang te lak-ah Haka, Laizo, Teizang, Sihzang, Saizang le Tedim kam a pau thei pen Cope Topa bek ahi hi.

A. Cope Topa’ Bawl Zolai Simbute

Cope topa in Thuciam Thak Zolai tawh hong teisak ban-ah, thu kizakna tuamtuam le laisimna-a zat ding laibu tampi hong bawlsak hi. Tedim kam tawh Zolai simbu bawl ding khensatna a om khit ciangin Cope Topa in a nuai-a sanglai simbute hong bawlsak hi.

1. Nate thubu bu 4, tan 1-42. Cidamna thubu bu 3, tan 2-43. Ganan bu bu 4, tan 1-44. Zolai simbu bu 4, tan 1-4

Cope Topa in lai simbu nam 15 hong bawlsak-a, 1924 June kha sanghon’-a kipan-in Zogam-ah zangh-in, kum 28 sung kheelna, puahna om lo-in kizangh suak hi. 1953 June kha sanghon’-a kipan-in Zolai simbu teng simloh a dang teng kizangh nawn lo-in, Kawllai tawh lai kisin hi. Zogam sang khempeuh-ah Zolai subject khat bek-in kisin ta hi.1924 pan 1971 dong, kum 47 sung puahphatna om lo-in Cope Topa’ bawl Zolai simbu kizangh hi. 1964 le 1976 kikaal kum 12 sung Zolai simbu bawl ding tavuan la om lo ahih manin Tan 2 pan Tan 4 dong Zolai simbu zat ding kinei lo hi.

B. Zolai Simbu Puahphatna

1970 December ciangin Tan-Lang Zolai simbu puahphatna kinei hi. 1975 kumin a nih veina Zolai Tan-Lang bu kipuahpha hi.1976 kum ciangin Tan Khat pan Tan Li dong puahphatna kinei-a, Cope Topa’ bawlna sung-ate, tu hun tawh a kituak nawn lo teng puahpha-in, a kisamte kibehlap hi. Cidamna lam, nate thu, thu tuamtuam le tangthu hoih nono (Mu Nei Thang Dal,

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Cing Khup le Ngam Bawm, cihte) kiguan’ beh hi. Tu laitak-a a kizangh Zolai simbu pen Tedim Myone Council Zum nimit 10/7/1986, Zumlai No. 02/3-2 Tahtah-1 tawh a kipuah Zolai Simbu Kawmite-te in a sunga thute a gelh uh ahi hi.

C. Zolai Simbu Khetna (Publishing)

A tunga i gensa bangin Zokam, Zolai, Lai simbu hong pian’khiat nading, a baih hi lo hi. Lai simbu hong pian’khiat khit ciangin zongh laibu bawlna ding tha le ngal, sum le paai baih lo leeuleeu hi. Hih ih Zolai simbu pen Kumpi in hong vaihawmpih hi lo-in, ei le ei in i vaihawm ahi hi. Tavuan la nuam om kei leh Zolai simbu a ki nei nawn lo ding hi ziau mawk hi. A seem a bawlte zongh sum tawh kicial hi lo-a, deihsakna tawh sup thuak-a nasepna ahi hi. A beisa kum bangzah sung hiam Zogam sangte-ah kumpi in Zolai sinsak nawn lo cih thu kiza hi. Kidah mahmah-in a thu a kikankan teh, a kisinsak nawn lo hi lo-in, Zolai simbu bawlna ding sum om lo-in, kibawl zo nawn lo-a, laibu a om loh teh sin ding a om lo hi, cih thu Zolai simbu vai-sai-te in gen uh hi. Hih thu a kitheih ciangin Zogam-ah Zolai a kisinna ding deihsakna lianpi tawh Zomi Baptist Church, Florida, USA pawlpi in Tan Lang pan in Tan Li dong (bu tul 20 val) Zolai simbu khetna ding a bei teng vaihawmsak dingin khentatna nei uh hi. Tua bang hong vaihawm khiat uh ih

minam aadingin nasep thupi le nasep hoih mahmah khat hi dingin ka um-a, angtan’ huai-in, lungdam huai mahmah hi.

Thu khupna le Thuumna:

Zogam it, minam veii a kuamah peuh in, a omsa i pau, i laite keem-in zuun-in, ma i pan’ khop ding deih huai mahmah hi. Kampau in minam keemcing-a, lai in kampau, ngeina le tangthu te keemcing ahih mah bangin, sang-ah Zolai kisin nawn kei-in, biakna labu, Lai Siagntho-te ei’ lai tawh hong om kei mawk leh i pau le i lai hong bei mawk ding hi. Ei gamdang om Zomite in nuatah ci-in i pau i lai mangngilh kei ni. I pau le i lai mangngilh le’ng i minam zongh a mangngilh, a bei hong suak ding hi. Tu laitakin minam neu i hih hangin hun hong paipai dinga, nikhat ni teh i suan i khakte hong tam-in minam lian i suak ding hi. Minam lian khat in pau le lai nei lo cih om thei lo hi. Sangmang J. H. Cope Topa in minam khat a i din’ theih nadingin pau le lai hong guan khin zo hi. Ei a pau nei, a lai nei-te in thupi sa kei mawk le’ng dah huai-in hai huai lua ding hi. Namdang te lak-ah i om zongin inn sungah Zopau mah zangh-in, i tu i tate Zolai mah sinsak tanghtangh ciat ni. Mailam-ah hih Zolai simbu sung-a hel ding thu hoih nono gelh-in, Zonote i sinsak zawh nading, sang kah zo lote zongh sum le paai tawh i pan’pih zawh ciat nadingin tha saan-in hanciam ciat ni. (ZCLS Silver Jubille laibu sung siksan-in k’ong gelh ahi hi)

[Hih lai, 19 JUL 05 TUE ni-in kingah hi.]

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Kampau, Lai, Ngeina leh Minam

Tg. Eddie N. Hang

Pastor of Zomi Baptist Church

United States of America

Amaute in Pasian’ na lamdangte a taangko uh

ei’ kam ciatin i za mawk hi (Acts 2:11b)

Pentecost Pawi pen Jew mite’ Pawipi hi-a Jerusalem Biakinnpi sung bekah kibawl thei ahih manin a teen’na gam ciat uh pan kum simin tua Pawi siim dingin Jew mite Jerusalem Khuapi-ah hong pai den uh hi. Parthia, Media, Elam, Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia, Phrygia, Pamphilia, Egypt, Cyrenea, Rome leh Crete pan Jew mite Pentecost Pawi siim dinga Jerusalem Khuapi-ah a zin laitakin vantung pan huihpi nung bangin Kha Siangtho hong kum suk hi. Jew mi vive ahih uh hangin amau teen’na gam ciat zui-in kam nam tuamtuam pau uh hi. Nungzuite ahih leh Galilee kam pau uh hi. Kha Siangtho hong kum suk tak ciangin Pasian’ na lamdangte nungzuite in Galilee kama a gen uh pawi siim mi khempuh in amau kam ciatin za uh hi (v. 6). Lamdang sa-in: “Hih mite Galilee mi vive hi lo hiam? Pasian na lamdangte a taangko uh bang ci-a ei’ kam ciat tawh za thei i hi hiam? ci-in kidong ngeeingaai uh hi (vv. 7-11b). Peter gen khempeuh amau’ kam ciat tawh a zak uh ciangin tel pah uha tua ni mahin mi 3,000 in Jesu umin sang thei pah uh hi (v. 41).

A nungta Pasian’ thu pen ei’ kam ciata zak ding Pasian’ deihna hi, ci-in kimu thei hi. Pian’pih kam ciat mah kisiam peen ciata ei’ kam ciat mahin Pasian’ thu za le’ng tel baihin

saan’ nop hi. I tel lohpi kisang thei lo hi.

Genesis 2:7 pan 11:7 dong leitungah minam khat bek oma pau nam khat bek na pau uh hi. Babel (Gen. 11:8) pana kipan a kam uh hong kitel nawn lo-a kam nam tuamtuam hong pau uh ciangin minam tuamtuam hong piang hi. Tu laitakin leitungah pau nam 6,800 om hi, ci-in pau lam a kante in ciamteh uh hi. Hih minam khempeuh in amau’ pau ciat tawh Pasian thu a zak ding uh Pasian’ deihna hi. Ei Zomite zong Zokam mah tawh Pasian thu i zak ding Pasian deihna hi.

Leitungah nipi nih simin pau nam khat ta mang ahih manin AD kum 2100 ciangin pau nam 3,400 pan 6,120 bang mang thei ding hi, ci-in pau lam a kante in ciamteh uh hi. A mang dekdek zong om khin hi, ci uh hi. Tua banga pau nam khat peuh a man’ theihna hih bangin ciamteh uh hi: Galpi hangin bei thei hi. Minam lian khat in a neu zaw khat peuh tual thah gawp thei-a minam neute a pau uh tawh si mang khawm thei hi. Gam uk kumpite in zawhthawhna tawh minam neu khat peuh a pau uh a zat ding pum kham thei-a a kam uh zong mang thei hi. Ahih kei leh minam neute in a lian zawte’ kam a zuihna lam-in amau’ kam man’suah thei uh hi.

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Hih a tunga thute i et ciangin Zokam zong limtak i kepcing kei leh mangthang thei taktak ding hi. Zomite, mi lakah i om ciangin i pau, i ngeina leh i minam mangngilh baih phadiak hi hang. Ei leh ei kineumuh gawpin midang peuhpeuh thupi muh zaw den le’ng kilawm hi. Pasian nangawn kam dang tawh phat le’ng a lungkim zaw ding sa hi le’ng kilawm hi.

Pilna, siamna, sum leh paai zonga paikhia i hih manin i tun’na gama mite’ pau ahih leh i siam ding hanciam ding mah hi. Ahi zongin Zokam zong mangngilh sese kei le’ng deih huai hi. Zokam mangngilh lianga kam dang i pau ciangin a lauhuai mahmahna a nuai-a gentehna tawh gen nuam hang.

Uiphuk khat tui vot kuang khat sungah koihin a kuang damdamin satsuahin sosak le’ng uiphuk in tui sat lam zong phawk lo-in tui so tawh si khawm hi, ci-in scientist-te in gen uh hi. Uiphuk i bat ding lauhuai mahmah hi.

Kampau leh minam kikhen thei lo hi. Kampau in minam keemcing hi. Minam khat i hih lam hong theisaka khat leh khat hong ki-itsak tuam mahmah hi.

Geneva Woomayoyah Navarro pen ei’n Red Indian i cih Native Indiante sung pan Comanche nam hi-a a neu lai-in Oklahoma Khuapi-ah kiteengsak miikmeek hi. A gol ciangin pilna hong sin toto-a Comanche kam zong damdamin hong mangngilh hi. A sawt ciangin a pian’pih kam hong thei nawn lo hi. A pi, a pu, a nu, a pate tawh hong kiho thei lo hi. Comanche kam a pau mi 900 khawng bek nungta lai, cih a theih ciangin a kam uh zong a man’ ding lam phawka Navarro in a kam uh itin hong puah kik hi.

Cornish zong nidangin England gam Cornwall a cihna-ah kizang ngei-a AD kum 1777 khawng ciangin kizang nawn lo hih tuak hi. Henry Jenner a cih pa khat in a kam uh mah itin puah kika tu-in Cornish mite in a innkuan sung ciatah kam dang zang lo-in Cornish bek zang ta uh hi. A tu, a tate uh Cornish kam hong pau kik uh hi.

Ei Zomite in zong i kam ita i bangkua sung ciatah i zat tangtang ding thupi mahmah hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Zomi i hihna Zokam in hong gen hi. Zokam pen midangte tung pan i ngah hi peuhmah lo-a i nute ang-a i theih ngiat ahih manin ithuai mahmah hi. Leitung bekah i zat ding hi leh, “Tua Zokam peuh”, ci thei ding hi hang. Ahi zongin vantung dongah Honpa i phat nading kam ahih manin ithuai seem hi.

Mangmuhna Lai Siangtho pen ni nunung ni cianga a piang ding thute Topa Jesu mahmah in nungzui John tungah a na pulaak thute vive hi (Rev. 1:1). Gam khempeuh, minam khempeuh pana a kikaikhawm sim zawh loh zah donga a tam mi honpi in vantung tokhom leh Tuuno mai-ah dingin kam namcin’ tawh Pasian’ Tuuno phat uh hi (v. 9), ci-in kigelh hi. Tua minam khempeuh sungah Zomi zong kihela, pau namcin’ sungah Zokam zong kihel hi. Zokam mahmah tawh vantungah Honpa phat ding hi hang.

America tung Zomi pawlkhat in tua bangin i pian’pih kam ka itna uh tawh America pana hong khang ding i tu i tate in Zokam a mangngilh loh nadingin Zomi Baptist Church na dingin Zokam ngiat tawh Nipi simin Pasian ka na bia uh hi. Zokam pen midangte tung pan i ngah hi peuhmah lo hi. Koi pan pianga koi-ah khang khia ka hiam, cih

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i kam in hong theisak hi. Ithuai mahmah hi. Thupi mahmah hi.

Tua mah bangin Zolai zong thupi mahmah hi. Ei Zomite banga minam neute in i ngeina hoihte kam bek tawh i ciapteh ciangin i man’suah tam mahmah khin ta hi.

Pasian’ Kammal Lai Siangtho nangawn a mangthang lo dingin lai tawh na kiciamteh hi. Lai Siangtho Luite Hebrew tawh na kigelh masa-a 400 BC khawngin kiman khin hi. 250 BC khawng ciangin Greek tawh kitei-a Septuagint kici hi. Daniel, Ezra leh Jeremiah sung pan pawl khat zong Aramaic tawh na kigelh hi. Lai Siangtho Thak ahih leh Greek tawh kigelha AD 400 ciangin Jerome in Latin tawh na tei hi. AD 1382 tak ciangin John Wycliff in English tawh na tei hi. Tua-a kipanin kam tuamtuam tawh kitei-a Wycliff Bible Translators bang in leitunga kam om khempeuh tawh teikhiat sawm uh hi.

Dr. Joseph Herbert Cope in zong Zolai hong bawlsaka Zolai tawh Lai Siangtho leh Pasian Phatna Labute i nei khin zo hi.

Ahih hangin Khamtung sangte-ah Zolai a kisin loh zawh kum sawm pha ta, cih thu a kizaak ciangin i tu i tate Kawlkam peuh pau mawlmawl khin, Zolai khawng hong thei kei lailai leh i minam mangthang thei taktak ding ahih manin minam itna leh Zolai itna tawh Zolai Sim Bu Commttee’ bawl sa Zolai Sim Bu, Zomi Baptist Church in k’ong khenkhia uh hi. Hih lai k’ong at laitakin a khet ding kiman khin zo-a hawmkhiat ding bek kisam lai hi.

Zomite aw, Zomite mah Zokam i pau

kei leh midangte Zokam hong pau lo ding uh hi. Midangte neih loh ngeina hoih tampi zong nei hi hang. Tua ngeina hoihte Zomite mah in i it kei leh midangte in hong itsak zenzen lo ding uh hi. Hong kepcingsak zenzen lo ding uh hi. Zolai zong Zomite mah in i puah kei leh midangte in hong puahsak zenzen lo ding uh hi. Zomite mah in puaha Pasian thu ahi zongin, leitung thu ahi zongin, i ngeina hoihte ahi zongin Zolai tawh gelha i hawmkhiat zawh ding hanciam ding kisam mahmah hi. Khamtungah i om zongin, Kawlgamah i om zongin, gam dang mun tuamtuamah i om zongin, i omna peuhah a tunga ka gen Geneva Woomayoyah Navarro leh Henry Jennerte banga i kam, i ngeina, i lai leh i minam i it ciat ding k’ong hanthawn nuam peen hi. I innkuan sung ciatah Zokam pau-in i tu i tate Zolai zong hilh zawh nading hanciam lai ding hi hang.

Minam, Zokam, Zomite ngeina a hoihte leh Zolai itna lungsim i neih theih nading khat leh khat kihanthawnin mailamah i minam khan’toh nading hanciam ciat ni.

A tunga ka gelh thute hoih a sa ahi zong, hoih a sa lo ahi zong, i om leh hih e-mail <enhang@bellsouth.net> tawh hong kuppih le uh cin nuam mahmah ding hi’ng.

Zomi, Zokam, Zomite ngeina leh Zolai ita a keemcing nuam, na sanggam uh, Eddie N. Hang

[Hih lai, 18 AUG 05 THU ni-in kingah hi.]

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Minam Gampi Khat, Minpi Khat leh Paupi Khat

Tg. Hangsai (Zoland)

A beisa 2005 April ni 9 ni-in Internet panin dahna thu khat hong kizasak vat-a, mun tuamtuama om Zomite kilinglawng-in a takpi mah hiam ci-in a kisang zo lo zah dong dingin thu khat piang hi. Tua thu pen Internet-a Zomite’ kizopna pi khat ahi ZoNet pan ahi zongin CiimnuaiNet pan ahi zongin kizasak pah-a, leitung bupa Zo tate kiangah hun tomno sungin kizeel pahin dahpihna lai kikhak kigelh ziahziah hi. Tua thu in Zo minam leh Zolai tawh kisai a kin a uuk leh a hong makaihpi khat ahi Rev. Khup Za Go in India gam New Delhi khuapi ah mawtaw cycle in phukha-in hong nusiatna thu ahi hi.

Hong nusia Rev. Khup Za Go in a nun’taak sungin a lunggulh pen thu lianpi thum om-a, MINAM GAMPI KHAT, MINAM MINPI KHAT leh MINAM PAUPI KHAT cihte ahi hi. I theihsa tek mah bangin Zomite’ teen’na gamte ah Minam min vai buaina (Identity Crisis), Pau zat taang ding neih lohna (Lack of Lingua Franca) leh gam tuamtuam-ah eima’ deihna om lopi-in hong kikhenkhapna thu ahi hi. Hih thute hangin tuni dongin i kisuknawt, i kitonawt den lai hi. I minamte teen’na tulai gam thum bangah kisuah-a, i minam min nam 4-5 bang pha hi. I minam Paupi ding nei zo nai loin ei tek mah ki-ultungsak nuam tek hi. Hih thu sung panin i Minam MINPI leh minam PAUPI tawh kisai kikum le’ng ka ci hi.

Tu laitaka Kawlgam-a ‘Chin’ a kici mite, India Mal-Suah (North East) lam Mizoram State-a ‘Mizo’ a kicite, Manipur-a

‘Thadou-Kuki’ a kici minamte leh Manipur gam sunga mualtung mi ‘Paite’, ‘Simte’, ‘Zou’, ‘Gangte’, ‘Vaiphei’, ‘Hmar’ leh a dangdangte in ei’ mun tekah minam min khat tek tawh mite’n hong thei uh hi. Bangladesh-a om Chittagong Hill Tracts te zong ei minamte mah-in i ciamteh hi. Hih minam teng in minam khat i hihna kisaang thei sim tek napi i minpi ding khat pen tu dong mah kinei zo nai lo hi. India Manipur gamke-a mualtung mi omte in i kigawm theih na’ngin min khat na na phuak uh a, CHIn-kuKI-MIzo = Chi-ki-mi na kici ngei uh hi. A lompi-a kipawlna ahih manin hih min hong thang (popular) zo taktak lo hi.

Mizoram i et ciangin Paite, Hmar, Lai (Pawi) leh Lusei cih minam pi zawdeuh na na teeng khawm uh-a, nidanga Sailo ukpite na na hatin Mangkang missionary-te in na na pan’pih uh ahih manin Duhlian (Lusei) pau leh lai na na kilimzat mahmah hi. Tangthu i et kik ciangin Mizoram-ah Khristian biakna thu na na tung masa ahih manin nun’taak-khuasakna (civilization) na na saang zaw-in politics lamah khua na mu masa zaw uh hi. Tua ahih manin nidanga Lushai munah Mizo cih kammal 1940s pawlin hong kizang pan ta hi. (April 6, 1946-in Mizo Union kiphuan, Dr. Vumson, Zo History. pg 245). ‘Lusei’ i cih kammal in ei teng hong huam kim zo kei ci-in MIZO cih kammal hong thangsak mahmah uh a, Mautam kialpi a tun’na hanga hong kipan MNF (Mizo National Front) October 22, 1961 ni-in hong kipan hi. Hih hun khawnga kipanin Kawlgam Vaigam-a om Lusei leh Lusei tawh a kisawh kha teng in Mizo cih kammal hong

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nak zat mahmah ta uh hi. Mizo cih pen i min diktak hi ci-in ‘Mizo’ a kicih nak leh angtang zo uh hi. Mizo sunga a kipap kha teng in Duhlian pau le ham hong nak zat mahmah uh-a, hih pau pen pau kitel baih leh a ngaih khat ahih manin a kuamahpeuh in hun tomno sungin kithei zo hi. Hih kam a zangte mahmah zong pau dang a zangte bang loin a pau uh it uh a, keem uh hi. Zo mi sunga paudang a zangte zong hih pau mah tawh ahi thei zahin hopih tangh.tangh-in Mizo pau telsak in hih Mizo pau a pau manun angtangsak zo lai uh hi. Tua hi-a, hun hong kikheel-in Mizo cih min leh kammal hong nak laan’ mahmah hi. Hih Mizo sungah Mizo phadiak mah hong om uh-a, Lusei = Mizo cih zah dongin hong toi tektek manin L. Keivom in a laibu gelh ‘Zoram Khawvel’ a cihna sungah zong Mizo cih kammal zat dan kidop ding na na hanthawn ngei hi. (Zoram Khawvel, Pg. 33). Mizo pau pen a hong piangpiang ding hi pan hi. Mizo kam neuseek lua kei un, na na ci hi. Hih pen tulai-a ‘Zomi’ cih kammal a deih mahmah te in zong i kidop mahmah ding thu hong suak ta hi.

Tunung lamin Zomi/Chin-te sungah ‘Chin’ cih kammal pen Panglong Agreement a kibawl lai khawngin i pu i pate in nialna om loin na kithutuak diamin ‘Chin’ cih dotna om loin na na zang uh hi, ci-in Zomi MP khat in lai gelh hi. Hih thu tawh kisai-in nial luat nading om lo hi. Kawlte’n hong piak masak, Mangkangte’n hong kipsak ‘Chin’ cih kammal pen ki-nial tanghtangh lo napi ei le ei kilawhna-a a zang Zo minam sungah tuni ciangdong om nai lo hi. (Thein Pe Myint, Chin Withayta Taing Thamaing Asa). Zomite i khua muh sawt nailo a, Tedim gam-a-te bang tuma kum 20 hun ciangciang Zomi, Zogam cihna munah Khamtungmi, Khamtunggam cih kammal na kilim zat mahmah lai hi. Tuma

kum 40-50 sunga Tedim lai tawh kibawl laibute na en kik leuteh, tu-a i pu i pate khang ciang-ate na dong kik leucin Khamtung mi = Chin ci-in na na tel, na na zang uh hi. Sangmang Rev. Dr. J. H. Cope in tulai-a ‘Zomi’ i cihna mun ah ‘Khamtung’ mi na na zang cih, nidanga CHN = The Chin Hills News = ‘Tedim Kam Thu kizakna Lai’ te-ah kimu thei hi. (Theih ding: CHN pen 1919 October kha panin Rev. Dr. JH Cope in ama’ sum tawh na na thoh hi. Tedim Journal, No. 2, Pg. 37) Khuamu zaw deuhte leh sangnaupang kipawlnate magazine-te sungah bel ‘Zomi’, ‘Zomi Siamsin’ cih bangin na na zang panpan uh hi.

‘Zo’ kici kammal pen i teen’na mun, mualsang mualdawn-a i teen’ mana a kingah hi cihna a om teei hangin, mualsang mualdawn-a teeng leitunga minam dangte Zomi na kici ngei lo uh hi. I pian’na guipi Pu Zo pana hong kipan hi ding hi ci-in tangthu kan tampi takte in um uh hi. 1998 kuma Kawlgam sunga Zo minamte kikaikhawmin i pian’na i min bul taktak bang a hiam ci-a a kikan tak ciangin i min taktak pen Zo, Jo, Djo, Sho, Yaw, Yo, Ysou, Cho cih kammalte hong kigawm hi a, Yo, Yaw i cih khawng te zong Zo a kici kammal pana hong meng hi dingin ki-ummawh hi. Zanggam Zomi-Asho te in zong Sho, Asho pen ka minam min uh hi ci uh a, Mindat-Kanpalet gam-ate’n zong Cho hi ung ci-in hong pulak tak ciang-un i minam min Cho, Sho, Asho, Djo, Jo, Yo, Yaw cih pen hong kip semsem hi. (The Historical Facts and Culture of the Chins, in Burmese by Chin Historical Research Committee, Yangon, Feb 2001; Memoranda: ZRO: An Appeal, August 9, 1993)

1900 nunglam hih lam hun-a thupiang kiciamtehte en kik leeng, Chin State, Tedim

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khua-ah Zo Education Board (ZEB) pen 1945 kumin Tedim ah na kiphuan a, Rev. S. T. Hau Go leh mi masate in na pankhia uh hi. (Tedim No. 1 BEHS Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine-1998, Yangon, pg 59-68). 1953 kumin Rev. S. T. Hau Go in Zomi Baptist Convention cih Falam khuapi-ah hong phuat tak cianga kipanin lai thei leh thu theite in i minam min taktak ‘Zomi’ hi mawk veh e, ci-in Zomi cih kammal zat hong kipan ta hi. ‘Zomi Tangko’ thu kizakna lai, Zangkong khuapi-ah 1960-62 kumin ah na na hawmkhia uh hi. (Hong nusia Rev. Khup Za Go zong hih Zomi Tangko-ah editor seem ngei hi.) Rev. S. T. Hau Go in ‘Zomi’ ci-a hong na patsaksa pen Chin State-a Zomite in hun khat sung bangmah thei lo, ahih kei leh (thei napi’n a manphat lam thei nai lo-in) tawlpi khat i na zangzang hi. Hun khat tak ciangin Falam-Hakha lam sanggamte hong khangh-lou (wake-up) uh-a, ZOMI cih munah CHIN cih tawh laih sawmin Tuiphum Pawlpi ZBC sungah nakpi takin buaina na piangpiang ngei hi. Upa masate in Zomi cih khauh takin na na tanggup uh ahih manin tuni dong a kimangmang lai ahi hi. (Zogam Tuiphum Pawlpi Tangthu by Rev. Kam Khaw Thang, pg. 115-117). Tua bang ahih hangin i sanggamte ta tuan loin Zomi a kizat nading mun khempeuh ah Chin cih tawh laih theih zahin laih, zat theih zahin hong zang (popularize) leuleu uh hi. Gtn. CCOC, CACC, CCM, CCC, CNF. Kawlgam pen i theihsa tek mah bangin kumpi’ thukimpihna pen thupi mahmah-a, biakna thu lobuangah Zomi cih zat taktak ding pen hong hi thei taktak nai lo (ki-legalize) nai lo ahih manin Kawlgam uk sungah “Chin hi kei ung”, va cih theih om lo zeel hi. Gamdang tungsate in bek ut-ut i kici zongin i kicihna, a kimang hi lel-a, hong kitheih leh theih loh bek hi lel ding hi.

Tedim-Tonzang gam-a piang Zomite (pawlkhat in Ciimnuaimi ci) in ‘Zomi’ cih pen tuhun tak ciangin kinak deih mahmah leeuleeu-a a, i min phuah khempeuh-ah ‘Zomi…’ hi khin ta lawmlawm hi. (“Zomi cih kammal in i lungsm hong sukha-a i duang hong zen hi” -- Prof. C. Thang Za Tuan) Hun khat lai-a i minam buppi huam dinga a kizang Zomi pen tu-in Tedim-Tonzang gam leh a kizoppih minam honkhat teng bek kihuamsak nuam/kha ta leeuleeu zeel kawi hi. A khatlam ta leeuleeu-ah i sanggam dangte in zong lah hong langbawlna lamin ‘Zomi’ pen hong deihpih khol lo lai (hong deihpih kilkel lo mai thei lai) uh hi. A kiphuaksa ZBC min nangawn zong a deihpen Tedim-Tonzang tate ZBC-ah ki-om nawn lo ahih manin cik ciang a min hong laih uh diam, cih etkhiat (watch) ding hi lel ta hi. Tedim-Tonzang tate sungah zong ki-elna om veve ahih manin ZBC min-a ‘Zomi’ munah ‘Chin’ ci-a a laih nuam-a thu sungsung zong ki-om lailai hi.

1970s leh 80s khawnga kipan G-group (kampau ah G- a zangte: gtn. Gam, Gun, Go; R-group te’n Ram, Run, Ro ci uh) sungah minam vai tawh kisai khan’lawhna hong om-a, Zomi National Congress pen January 28, 1972 in Lamka, Manipur gamke-ah kiphuan hi. 1988 gam hong buai nung ciangin G-group te in ZNC min zangh-in Kawlgam bup kiteelna-ah hong lut uh-a, MP seat 2 hong ngah zo uh hi. Chin min tawh CNLD in MP seat 3 kingah hi. Mizogam Champhai-a kibawl First World Zomi Convention sung (May 19-21, 1988 sung)-in Mizogam Champhai-ah ZORO hong kiphuan-a, 1993 kumin ZRO Kachin gam, Phapyan-ah hong kiphuankhia leuleu hi. Hihte i et tak ciangin Zogam nai-nganzi (politics) huih nun’ zia pen Zo-Zomi cih lamah hong kipat mah bangin Chin-CNF pen 1988 Kawlgam buai tak ciangin hong kipankhia hi-

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a, tu laitakin Zomi a deih leh Chin a sihpih ngam pawl cih bangin Kawlgam-ah pawl nih kipha ngiitngeet hi. (Hih te ma-a CLA leh a dangdangte sut nawn dah ni.) G-group sunga a kihel veve, Manipur gam sunga sanggam Thado-te in ‘Kuki’ cih pen na na kiplet mahmah vilvel uh hi. A tunga i gen Zo minam teng pen Kuki sungah hong huamsak zeel uh hi.

Tulai takin Kawlgam sung Tedim-Tonzang tate sungah ‘Zomi’ leh ‘Tedim’ cih pen a kikimin kizang ta leeuleeu-a, “Zomi deihte’n Tedim pen toi lua, khua khat bek huam hi” ci uh-a, Tedim zang nuamte’n “Zomi neuseek lua uh teh” kici zeel hi. ZBC panin ZBCM hong meen’khiat-a kipanin Zomi deih ZBCM gimnam leh Tedim deihte kikaal kitel khialhna leh kammal vai-a kitheih-siam-lohna hong om kawmkawm hi. Hih vai tawh kisai-in keima mimal muhna-ah ‘Zomi’ i cih pen i minam min, Chin tawh a kikim hi-a, Tedim i cih pen minam min hi loin khua min, kampau min hi bek hi ci-in ka ngaihsun hi. Nidang Mangkangte’ hong tun’ ma-in Tedim mi (Tiddim Chin) cih bang na om lo a, ki-ukna a nuam dingin Sukte, Sihzang leh Kamhau uk gam teng gawmin, Tedim subdivision sungah, hong uk Mangkangte in hong na gawmkhawm ahih manin tua gam sunga teeng mite a ciamteh ol dingin ‘Tiddim Chin’, a na ci hi lel hi. (2005 ZoNet sunga upate’ thu kikupnate siiksan kawmin). Falam Subdivision-a teengte pen ‘Falam Chin’, Kanpalet gam-ate ‘Kanpalet Chin’ cih hi ziau hi. (Hih munah, British-te pen i zatzatsa ‘Mangkangte’ cih suak lel ding hi. Tokaina-a tuat ding hi lo hi. Mikang = white man va ci leeng, European mi khempeuh mikang hi lel uh hi.) A taktakin Tedim mi a sit (diktak) cih om tuan lo-a, Tedim kampau (dialect) bek om hi. Tedim kampau pen nidang Tedim khualui-ah Zomi nam honkhat,

Teizang, Saizang, Sihzang, Guite (Paite), Zou, Thado leh Vaiphei te a na teen’ khopna panin a hong piangkhia, kampau kigawmkhawm TEDIM KAM ahi hi. Tua ahih manin G-group teng bang Tedim kampau in hong khaikhawm thei ding hi. Leitung bup Zo kam tuamtuam lakah Tedim pau zang pen Lusei (Duhlian) pau a zang mite zom-in tam peen hi.

Pu L. Keivom khen bangin Zo minamte khen nih-in a khen hi ta leeng, R-group leh G-group cih bangin nih pha ding hi. (Zoram Khawvel, L. Keivom, pg. 33-34). R-group ah Laite/Pawite (Falam, Hakha Chin ci-a kiciamtehte), Lakher, Mara, Lusei, Ralte leh Hmar te cih bangin om ding a, kampau khat bang gawm sawm leeng Mizo (Lusei) pau thahat pen ding hi. A khat lam-ah G-group sung bang en kik leeng, Teizang, Saizang, Sihzang, Paite, Zou, Thado (Kuki), Vaiphei leh Vaigam-a Gangte, Simte, Thangkhal cihte kikoih khawm thei ding hi. Hih G-group-ah Paite/Tedim pau pen kithei kim peen-in ka um hi; bang hang hiam cih leh tanglai-in zong Tedim khua-ah i pu i pate na na teeng khawm ngei uh hi. I gensa mah bangin kampau nam khat Tedim pau cih khat na na piangkhiasak zo ngei uh hi.

Thu khupna dingin, Minam MINPI dingin ngaihsun kik leeuleeu leeng, Mizo cih kammal in R-group midangte deep khin zo veve ahih manin amau’ deih miZO leh G-group lam pana ZOmi gawm tuah leeng, ZO ah kigawm kik hun zong a hong tungtung ding hi ta-in ka ummawh hi. (ZORO) Minam PAUPI a hong pian na’ngin R-group a Lusei pau leh G-group a Paite/Tedim pau a thahat, a kizeel kim zo zawzaw hong hi dinga, tu dinmun-a et lian-in Lusei lai sin-in India gam-ah Master degree kisin thei ta-a, Kawlgam-ah Tan 2 ah zong kisin sak meel nawn lo ahih

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manin Tedim pau a itte’n bang seem ding i hiam cih lunggeel hun ding hi ta hi. Tua ahih manin G-group te in saklama Paite pau leh khanglam-a tulai Tedim kampaute bulphuhin i saan’ theih taang ding kampau khat i neihkhiat theih ding thupi mahmah hi. G-group teng in Tedim/Paite kam i phungvuh zawh kei leh, Lusei pau i zat loh phamawh hun hong tung thei ding hi. ( I zat nop pah leh lah a ready sa phial hi ta.) Bangbang ahi zongin Minam

minpi khat leh Minam Paupi khat nei khin leeng, minam GAMPI khat zong Topa Jesu hong pai kik pak kei naak leh, i nei man/i neih hun hong tung lo ding hi cih, kuamah kiciam ngam saam lo ding hi.

Laigelh: Tg. Hangsai (Zoland)

[Hih lai, 15 MAY 05 WED ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zomi Cih Tawh Kisai Thu

Tg. Cin Za Lian

Zomi cih tawh kisai kibuaipih mahmah-in, khat le khat kikal-ah zong kitel khialhna tampi om khin hi. Bangbang ahi zongin i kanna tawh kizui-in kilamdang mah leh, a kinaai peen-a i pom theih nading leh pumkhat i suah theihtheih na’ng-a, a vaihawm dingte hi zaw hang, ci-a i saan’ siam tek nadingin kong thum masa hi. Hih zong a maan peen hi kici ngam tuan lo dinga, Buanli khua kumzacin’ pawi-a thu kante’ kanna tungtawn-a muh dan hi. Thu kanpite’ muhna panin a maan thei peen dinga ngaihsutna hi phot ahih manin, a kician zaw leh a naai thei peen ding a omte kan beh lai dingin k’ong thuum hi.

Hih laibu a bawl masa thukante’ kanna tungtawnin, Zomi cih kammal a ciil-a kipan om pah hi ci-a lahkhiatna ding om pak lo ahih manin, “A omna i muh khak leh zong, i muhkhiatna, hoih taka i lah theih ding thupi mahmah hi. Ei Zomite’ tangthu leh khangthu kan tam zawte’ muh dan: Mongolia pan kipan-in Tibet gam, Kawlgam leh India gam mualtung-a teeng minamte kihi hi.

Tibet gam pan gal leh sa haksatna hangin Mon-Khmer, Tai-Shan leh Tibeto-Burman ci-in minam lian thum-in kikhenna om hi. Mon-Khmer minamte in Salween gun leh Mekong gun dung zui-in Kawlgam na lut uh hi. A omsa Negrito leh Indonizi mite hawlkhia-in Irrawaddy, Sittang leh Salween gun kuam teng-ah na teeng uh hi. Mi hong pawlcin’na tawh kizui-in mun tuamtuamah kikhenin Thuwunna Bhummi (Thaton), Hanthawaddy (Okkalapa), Dagon, Bassein,

Thanlyan (Syriam), Twante, Moulmein, Pegu leh Moketama (Martaban) khuapite na luah uh hi.

Mon-Khmer minamte Kawlgam sung a tun’ zawh a sawt lo-in Tibeto-Burman minamte Tibet gam nisuahna lam pan Bramaputra gun dung zui-in Kawlgam na lut uh hi. Kawlgam sungah Irrawaddy leh Talawaddy (Chindwin) gun dung zui-in hong paisuak uh-a, Takaung khua-ah na teeng uh hi. Tua huna kipan Kawlgam-ah minam nih na teeng uh hi.

BC 100 kum pawlin China gam Yanyui gun khang lam-a teeng Tai-Shan mite in China kumpi ukna thuak zo lo-in, Shan gam tengah na teeng uh hi. AD 200 kum pawlin Asia gam pan Karen mite hong lalin Irrawaddy gun leh Salween gun kuam zang-gam le mualtung teng na luah uh hi. [1]

Pyu, Kanyan, Tet Minam Kipat Khiatna

Kum za lom 7 leh 8 hun sungin, Takaung khua-a om Abiyaza in kumpi seem hi. A sih ciangin a tapa Kanyazagyi leh Kanyazange, kumpi za kituh-a, Kanyazange in ngah hi. Kanyazange a sih ciangin Duttabaung in seem-a, Takaung khua pan lalkhia-in Tayekhittaya khua sat hi. Duttabaung a sih ciangin Tamudaya in kumpi sem-a, gam leh lei makaih zo lo ahih manin AD 721 kum pawlin Tazikhitaza khua pan Pyu, Kanyan, leh Tet minam kikhenna om hi. Pyu-te Kawl mi, Kanyan-te Rakhaing mi, leh Tet minamte Chin

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(Zomi)-te kici hi. Pyu leh Kanyan-te hong kido manin Kanyan-te nitumna lam Thandwe (Sandoway) mualtungah na teeng uh hi. Pyu minam sungah amau leh amau hong kilem loh ciangin Pyu-te khen thum-in kikhen uh-a, khen khat in Diahben, leh khen khat in Tet mite beel-in, khen khat in Tayekhittaya khua puahpha uh hi. [2]

Tet (Chin) Minamte khenpi thum-in kikhen

AD 721 kum pawl-a Tayekhittaya kisiatna hanga kikhenna pan Chin (Zomi)-te in mun leh gam zong dingin a sul masa uh gun dung hong zui kik uh hi. Khenpi nih-in kikhen uh ahih manin kipha kim zo lo uh hi. A pai masate Irrawaddy leh Chindwin gun kituahna mun a tun’ uh ciangin, a nunga hong pai a naute in sul a theih nading uh ci-in, nahtang kungte tem tawh sattan uh hi. Nahtang laingek dawn kikte a muh uh ciangin, “I ute pha zo nawn kei ni,” ci-in Bhamo gamtengah khua na sat uh hi. Tua mun-a teengte Tet suan leh khak Kachin mite kici hi. A ute phawkna-in tempaai a bawl uh ciangin a paai lang khat bek bawl uh hi. Inn a lam uh ciangin a ute’ tun’ nading ci-in dei khat awngsak den uh hi. [3]

A pai masate'n, Talawaddy gun na kantan-in Sagaing, Monywa, Pagan, NyaungOo khuate satin na teeng uh hi. Tua gam a teen’ sung-un Tet pan Chin ci-in kisam hi. Tua mun teng “Chin-te’ phualpi” ci-in tudongin a mun a gam ciapteh theih dingin omlai hi. Tua hun-a kipan Talawaddy gun pen Chindwin gun ci-in kikheel hi.

Monywa khua kiang Sabani khua panin tai nih bang a gamlaatna munah Chin-te tual biakna bawlna suangpi pii sawm leh thum (13’) a saang khat tu dongin omlai-a, Kawlte in “Chin Phaya” (Chin god) ci uh hi. Zomite in

“pasian phaya” ih cih zong hih mun pan piang kammal hi, ki ci hi. [4]

Tet Minamte Ki-ukna

Tua hun in Kawlgam sungah Pyu (Mon) leh Tet (Chin) kumpite minthan’ hun kici hi. China kumpi gam vilte tawh sumbawlna lamah kizom uh hi. AD 750 ciangin China kumpipa Kolofeng in Pyu kumpi gam sim-in zo-a, Pyu kumpipa’ neihsa teng leh a galkap teng matsakin Kunming khua-ah ciahpih hi. Tua hun-in Tet (Chin)-te’ teen’na khua singkulh tawh ki-uum-in a laizangah kumpi inn kilam hi. Kumpi inn kimkot-ah singkhuam phutin Kham leh Ngun tawh kumpi inn zeem hi, kici hi. [5]

Tet (Chin)-te Phualpi Pagan pan kikhenna

Pagan khua min in, Pugamah, Pigamah cih kammal pan hong piang hi. [6] AD 835 kumin Nancho kumpi in Tet kumpi Pagan simin na zo-a kham, ngun leh galkap 3000 matsak-in Irrawaddy gun dung-a om kham leh ngunte nangawn zongsak hi. Hih mun panin Tet-te kikhenthaang leeuleeu uh-a, pawlkhatte Irrawaddy gun dung zui-in Prome, Thayet, Aunglan, leh Minbu gam teng-ah na teeng uh hi. Tuate Plain-Chin/Asho-Chin/Salai-Chin kici hi. Pawlkhatte Kaladan gun dung zui-in na lal uh-a, Mindat, leh Kanpetlet gamah na teeng uh hi. Amaute Cho kici–in, Paletwa gam-a teengte Khumi kici uh hi.

Pawlkhatte Chindwin gun dung zui-in Meitei gun tawh kituahna mun a tun’ uh ciangin gal nan’ nading mun lem sa uh ahih manin, Khaman (Kale) leh Natchaung (Indin) kuam tengah AD 850 pawlin na teeng uh hi. A om lai pawlkhatte Chindwin gun dung zui to-in Mawlaik saklam-ah na teeng uh hi. Tua

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mite tuhun ciangin Kuki (Tangkun) leh Naga (Phizo) minamte kici hi. Pawlkhatte Pagan, NyaungOo mun tengah lokho-in teeng uh hi.

Tet (Chin) mite a tun’tun’na munah amau leh amau ki-uk-in, Khanman (Kalay) a tun’ uh ciang a omsa Shan mite’ ukna sungah om ahih manun, Shante’ ngeina zui-in Langkui mual (Kalay-Natchaung kikaal) kum simin bawng khat tawh bia uh hi.

Hih bangin ei Zomite’ nun’taakna sungah gal leh sa kihtaakna hangin mun tuam gam tuam-ah kithehthaangin, kampau mukpaute kilamdan’na hong piang hi. Kampau mukpau kitheihpih nawn loin midang sadang bangin kikhenna hong piang hi. I teen’na mun leh gam zui-in minam tuamtuam, beh leh phung tuamtuam bangin kizopna hong haksa hi. Koi mun koi munah i om zongin i pian’na pupi na kilaih lo ding ahih manin unau hihna i phawk kik theih nading deihna tawh hih thu k’ong teelkhia hi. Tu hun ciangin kammal khat nangawn tawh kikhenna a piang thei thu ahih manin, kammal khat pan kilamdan’na lam, en lo-a, i kibatna lam bek mitsuan-a i neih theih na’ng-in Pasian in thupha hong pia ta hen.

Tulai Zomite’ Teen’na leh Minam Minte

Tedim, Tonzang gam sung teng-a omte in ZO, YO, YAO, ci-in kisam uh-a, ZOMI ci-in khat leh khat kisam uh hi.

Falam, Haka leh Thantlang gam sung teng-a omte in LAI, LAIZO cih kisapna pan LAIMI ci-in khat leh khat kisam uh hi.

Mindat, Kanpetlet gamsung tenga omte in CHO, CHOU, CHHAW, ci-in kisam uh hi. (Cho cih pen mualtung mi, Zomi tawh kibang hi).

Paletwa gamsung teng-a omte in, KHU, KHUMI, leh KHAMI ci-in kisam uh hi.

India gam, Mizo gam sung teng-a omte in MIZO ci-in nam khat bekin kisam uh hi.

India gam, Assam leh Manipur gam sung teng-a omte in tuma in PAITE ci-in kisam uh-a, ahi zongin tu-in ZOMI ci-in a maan thu mu uh hi. Tua min mah tawh kisam ta uh hi.

Naga gam mual dung teng leh Mawlaik gam sunga omte in TANGKHUL na kici uh hi.

Matupi gam sung teng-a omte in, ZO leh LAI ci-in nam nih-in na kisam uh hi.

Zang gamsung om ahi Tayet, Thandway (Sandoway), Aunglan, Minbu, Taungdwingyi, Natmauk, Pyinmana khuapi–a teengte in, ASHO CHIN na kici uh hi.

India leh Kawlgam kikaal gamnawl khuate ahi Tamu, Homalin khua-a teengte pen Mikangte’n Zogam hong uk hun lai-un, KUKI ci-in sam uh-a, tu-in KUKI, KHUANGSAI leh THAHDO ci-in na kisam uh hi.

Zang gamsung om ahi Gangaw, Htilin, Saw, Ngape khua-a omte in, YAW, CHAW, KYAW leh SAW cih bangin min tuamtuam tawh na kisam uh hi.

Rakhaing gam sung teng-a omte in, KHAW, KYAW ci-in kisam uh hi.

AD.1300 kum kiim pawlin Pagan gam-a om mualsuang laite tungah a ki-at lai-ah, Kawlte’n Zomite pen CHIN, KHYANG leh CHYIN ci-in hong sam uh hi.

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Shan leh Kachin-te in, CHANG, KHANG ci-in hong sam uh hi.

Kayin lah Rakhaing-te’n, KHAW ci-in hong sam uh hi.

Mon minamte’n, CHIENG, KHYENG ci-in hong sam uh hi. Kachin leh Chin Unau hi hang

Ei Zomi a nei zawdeuhte in talap ahi-a, innka mong-ah ahi zongin, ‘kong buk’ ci-in tangvalte’ giahna ding inn neu khat kilam tuam hi. A deihna in, sanggam Kachinte hong pai cianga zin tun’ nading cihna hi. Sanggam Kachinte’n inn a lam uh ciangin inn sung dei no khat na tuam bawl leeuleeu uh hi. Tempaai a bawl uh ciangin langsam-in na bawl uh hi. Maykha leh Malikha gun kuam-a i kiman’suahna phawkna-in, a paai lang khat Zomite’ kep, na ci uh hi. I kimuh kik ciangin buptuah kik ding na ci se lai uh hi.

Ki-itna khitui

AD 2003 kum January kha sungin, Kawlgam buppi Tuiphum Pawlpite kum thumsim kikhopna (khawmpi) Kachin gam Myitkyina khua-ah nei uh hi. Tua khawmpi man ni nitaakin Kachin leh Chinte K.B.C. zumpi sungah “Ei unau kimuh tuamna leh holimna nei nuam hang,” ci-in om khawm uh hi. K.B.C. Chairman-pa’ thusunna-ah, “Tuma kum thum lai-in, no Zomite’n zaam khap kua khat n’ong piak pen uh lungdam hong thuk nuam ung,” ci-in thu sung-a, unau khat i hihna thute a gen khit uh ciangin Kachin tem, a paai lang khat nei lo-a a bawl uh, lungdam kohna-in tempaai khat pia-in, “Tu-in a kimu kik hi hang. I tempaai a buptuah kik hi hang,” ci-in na gen uh hi. Tua pawi siim-a a pai Zomi palai

taangmite leh sanggam Kachin-te a nakngek uh na-in khitui naptui tawh dim uh hi. “Mailamah i tu i tate Gospel i kipai tuak nading leh i ki-it seemseem nadingin i omna ciat pan hanciam tek ni,” ci-in kivaikhak uh hi.

Luika Tun’na

Ei Zomite i pian’khiatna pen pawlkhatte’n Laibung Laihan-ah kiteeng hi ci-in a ciamteh pawlkhat ki-om hi. Tangthu limtak-a i kan ciangin ahihna thu leh la, innmun logam, lui, gun, mual, leh lo minte tung pan teci zon’ kul hi. Zomi a tamzaw in Ciimnuai, Geeltui, Kalzang khua thute kitam zaak mahmah-a, ahi zongin Luika khua thu kitam zaak nai lo hi. Luika khua in Gunkhawm pan Meitei gun dung zui-in hong kah to i pute’ khua sat masakna khua hi-in tua khua pen LUIKA khua kici hi. Luika khua-a a teen’ sung-un minam kikhenna om nai lo-in kum tampi na teeng khawm uh hi.

A theih huai leh a lipkhap huai khangthu

khat

Luika khua inn 300 val bang pha dingin ki-ummawh hi. Luika khua-ah dawi biakna, tual biakna, pusa pasa biaknate a hunhun-in kizang den hi. Kumsim lopawi khit ciangin tual biakna kinei-a, ni khat zeh kitang hamtang hi. Tual bawl ni sim-in naupang khat ta mang den hi. Lamdang sa leh lauthawng tak-in om uh hi. Hih thu hangin mi tampi in “I khua mun hoih lo hi” ci-in mun tuamtuamah a bawng a bawngin na peemkhia uh hi.

Luika khua ngakte

Hih thu, Teizang unau pasal sagihte’ pian’khiatna thu, hi pha diak hi. Khua ngakte in, kum kik tual bawl hun ciangin khuasung

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upate sung pan a en sim ding, a cing ding kiseh uh hi. Tual pawipi laitak-in, tual gei suang kuahawm khat sung pan gulpi vom khat hong pusuak-a a naai-a om naupang khat manin a kuahawm sungah lutpih vinghvengh hi. Luika khua zaang-in vaihawmin thaang a siah uh leh gulpi vom khat hong awk pah hi. A khua zaangin gulpi vom kaikhia uh-a bei thei mahmah lo-in a hanciam tektek lai takun tua gulpi vom hong pau–a, “N’ong kaihkaih uh hangin hong kaikhia zo ngei kei nuteh; ka mei in van guh suang zawl baan-a, livei kawi hi,” ci hi. Tua ciangin khua mite in lei tawh kim-in sattan uh hi.

Khua mincim in vuk

Heh lua mahmah uh ahih manin gulpi vom sa, khua zaang inn phazah lian tumtan-in hawm uh hi. Tua hun lai-in Pu Dai Tawng si zo hi. A zi Pi Ciang Tuang leh a tapa Pu Jasuan [Za Suan -- editor] neu lai ahih manin gul matna-ah tha kuan lo uh hi. Gulsa a hawm khit uh ciangin a lutang hong vaal-in “Kua’n tang ding i hiam,” ci-in a kidot uh ciangin, amaute lak pan mi khat in, “Tha kuan lo Jasuan’ nu pia ni,” ci-in pia uh hi. Tua zanin Luika khua mite in gul ai-in zu le sa ne-in zanhak uh hi. Tua ni-in Pi Ciang Tuang in zin pawlkhat nei hi. A zinte’ aading taangman sih huan-a, a meh dingin gullu ui uh hi. Nitaak hong sawt pian ta-a, a zinte gilkial ding a khualna kawmin anneek hun lah sa ahih manin “Ka salu huan a min nai hiam.” ci-in siktul khat tawh a dawt leh a gullu pau-in, “Ka mittang n’ong sun kha deh.” ci hi.

Tua ciangin Pi Ciang Tuang in, “Hih peuhmah a sia hil hi ding hi,” ci-in suankhia pah-a kong pua lamah buakhia hi. Zan sawt ta ahih manin ahi thei bangin a zinte tawh an ne- in luum uh hi. A sawt vei lo-in aksia khat

khuang-a, “Zin kha ve vua,” ci-in thum vei khuang hi.

Pi Ciang in, “Ka gullu huan lah pau-a, ak khuang in lah ‘Zin kha ve vua,’ ci-in khuang-a bang thu hi peuhmah ding hiam,” ci-in lunghimawh hi. “Hih bang thu cikmah-in om ngei lo hi,” ci-in lunghimawh ahih manin a zinte phongin a khua nawl mualah a zinte kha hi. A zinte zong ciah suak pah vinghvengh uh-a, Pi Ciang Tuang in a tapa tawh inn lam zuan dinga a kithawi laitak-in, Luika khua min in cim-in a khua taw lamah tolh suk hi. Zu le sa ne-a a zanhak a khuapihte a vek-in si mang uh hi.

Baangzaang Khua Saatna thu

Tu laitaka Mualbeem gam-a khua mun lui Baangzaang akici pen tanglai AD 1235 kum pawlin Luika khua a kisiat zawh ciangin Pu Jasuan’ nu Pi Ciang Tuang in a khuasaatna mun hi, kici hi.[7]

Hih a tung-a thute a maan peen hi cih theih nadingin, evidence om tuan lo-a, tu-ma lai-a, a omsa thute mah et kaak-a kila ahih manin, khialhnate leh kipelhna a omte kitheih sak kawikawi ding thupi–in khan’tohna khat zong hi. A sim mi khempeuhte tungah minam khat hi hang, sung khat pan piangte hi hang cih i phawk thak kik zeel nadingin Pasian in thupha hong pia ta hen.

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[1]. G. E. Harvey gelh, Outline of Burmese History, 1947 kum leh Daw Thein geilh, Burmese History Laibu, 1947 kum-a kigelh sung pan kiteikhia hi.

[2]. Ibid,

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[3].1978 kum-a kibawl, Kalzang Suante Beh Tangthu sung pan kila hi.

[4]. Falam gam kum 100 cin’na magazine laibu, laimai 232 pan kila sawn hi.

[5]. J. H. Tun Thawng gelh, Zomite Takkhahna laibu pan kila hi.

[6]. U Ba Than: “Kyaungthone Myanma Yazawin” tangthu bu sung leh Dr. Neihsial

Tual Cin, Ph. D., “Guite Kual-a Lutna” laimai 2 leh, AD 1044 kum-a Kawlte Khuapi Pagan pen i pu i pate’ phuahsa hi, ci-in a kigelhna laibu sung pan kiteikhia hi.

[7]. Hih a tunga thute, Buanli khua kumza cin’ pawi 1995 kum-a kikaikhawm kum 2004 cianga kithoh, “Jasuan Beh Teizang Nam Sagihte Khang Tangthu” pan-a, kiteikhia sawn hi.

[Hih lai, 13 JUN 05 MON ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zomi leh Kawlgam

Rev. Tg. Mang Khan Khup

Canada

Florida Zomi Innkuan (U.S.A.) kumnga cin’ magazine-ah lai gelh theihna hunpha hong pia Pasian leh Innkuan makaite’ tungah lungdam ka ko masa hi. Hih bang kipawlna a vaihawm makaite leh Zomi khempeuh tungah a thakin, ki-itna leh khan’tohna thuphate hong tung ta hen.

Zomi tangthu kante’ laigelhte ka sim ciangin, Zomi pen India gam, Bangladesh leh Kawlgam sungah a tam zaw teeng uh hi, ci-in ka thei hi. India leh Bangladesh gama teeng sangamte’ nun’tak zia thei ban lo ka hih manin Zogama a teeng Zomi leh Kawlgam cih thu bulphuh-in kei’ muh zia leh ka lametna tawm khat k’ong hawmsawn nuam hi. Tu hun ciangin haksatna leh thu tuamtuam tawh tua i gen gam thum bek hi lo-in, gam tuamtuam ahi North America, Europe, South Africa leh Asia gam tuamtuam-ah i kithehthaang uh hi.

I pu i pate in Tibet gam pan a na paikhiat ciil lai-in, gamhoih, leihoih a tamzaw in na zuan kha lo uh ahih manin neek leh dawn haksat banah kizopna hamsa ahih manin, pau leh ngeina, khuasak ziate, damdamin kidang toto-a, tu-in unau sanggam khat nangawn i pau kithei nawn lo-in i ngeina leh i deihna zong hong kilamdang ta hi. Tua ahih manin gam khat nam khat suang zo zah dingin i pilna, i hauhna, i nun’tak zia leh i mimal in cin’ lo-a, mi’gam beel-in gammi i suak ciat hi.

Tu-in i teen’na gam sung nangawnah, hong kithuhilhna leh hong kipattah zia tawh

kizui-in, i thu muh leh i thu up zong hong kilamdanga, Zomite’ kiangah a nungta Pasian thu hong kipuak masa ahih manin milim biakna sangin a thokik Jesu thu ki-um thei masa pah hi. A zenzenin milim biakna thu ahi Buddhism hong kihilh masa hi leh, Zomite bang ciang i suak tam! I teen’na gamah Christian hihna sangin milim biakna kumpi in thupi sim zaw ahih manin Christian-te in hamsatna leh deidanna tampi i thuak hi. Hih deidanna leh gam kituhnate hangin mualtung mi pawlkhatte in kumpi langpangin kum tampi na do khin uh-a, tu dong na zo zo nai lo uh bek tham lo-in, gal a sim lo naupangte leh innngakte in nun’tak bei lawhin, a nungta laisunte zong, a nun’tak sungin, innah nuam tak om cih om ngei lo uh-a, amaute pen “galtai nun’tak” tawh a hun uh na bei zeel uh hi.

A kipatciil-in thupi khual mahmah uh-a, pilna, cidamna, hauhna, Pasian thu upna, minthan’na leh khan’tohna tuamtuam a lunggulh manun, tua banga a nun’taakna uh, a piakhia uh ahi hi. A tawpna-ah a kilangkhia pen pilna zong ahi ding zah sin man nawn lo, a gam sung-a piang vante zong nei thei nawn lo, Pasian thu zong ahi ding zah um zo nawn lo-in buaina bekbek hi-a, sihna leh gentheihna namkim thuak uh hi. Kipan khin vet uh ahih manin, thangpaihna masuan-in tu dong a do suak uh hi-a, tua bang hun ciangin kuama’ nun’taakna zong pammaih sa lo-in, a mau thumang lo peuh a ut bangun bawl pahpah uh hi. Amau’ thu a mangte lah kumpi galkapte’n a ut bangin bawl zeel uh hi. Tua ciangin hih

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bang haksatnate kikaal-ah a nungta amau’ mipih teng mah pen kumpi lamte tawh kipawla, a langtuak pan a vatmai ding hi ta hi. A kipat ciil-in tua bang lungsim zong nei nai lo kha thei ding hi. Ahi zongin amau’ teel (choice), a zat thugui (theory) leh amau’ din’mun tawh kizui-in a piang to ahi hi.

Hih i muhsa leh i theihsate tungtawnin Zomite leh Kawlgam kizopna thu-ah bangci ciangin mapang ding cih ngaihsut huai mahmah hi. Hauhna leh suahtaakna i deih luat manin hong piangkhia ding thute lungngai khol lo-in i geel khialh ding lauhuai hi. Tu-in a kibawl thei leh a kibawl thei nawn lo thu nih om-a, bangbangin tu laitak i hanciam zongin Kawlgam tawh kikhen thei ding i hi kei hi. I kikhen theih loh hangin i sep nop-a, i sep zawh nak leh Zomite’ khan’toh nading, tu tawmm-a sep theih tampi omin ka um hi. I gamah full democracy kingah mah leh zong tu laitaka i sep theihte seem lo-in, bangmah i khangto tuan kei ding hi. Gam leh leitang hoih lohna-ah i teen’ hangin, i nawitui neek a nungta Pasian’ thu hangin, Pasian in i mitte hong vaksaka, pilna leh khan’tohna a nei lo Zogam puah dingin Zomite mun khempeuh-ah hong thehthaang hi. Hih thu tawh kizui-in, kei’ upna zia, thulu pawl khat guan’-in ka gen nuam hi.

1. ZOMI Taangthu (ZOMI History)

Hih thu tawh kizomin, tu ciangciang Zomi dinga i huamsak khempeuh sungah Zomi (Description) kici min bek nangawn i ngaihsut zia kibang lo-in ZoNet sungah i kikum niloh-a, tu ciangdong a dik peen cih khensatna om thei tuan lo hi. Tua ahih manin hih thu leh taangthu tawh hun a bei niloh sangin, taangthu a kan, a thei leh a kin mi pawlkhat seh bawlin, tuate’n, hong kantel (research) henla, dik peen dinga a upmawh uh,

hong pulaak khia leh hoih ding hi. Tua lopi hun beina lel-a kikupkup pen sawtvei khat ciangin a kilawm lopi kikhenthaangna suak thei ding hi. Ei’ ngaihsut khempeuh huam zo lo lua mahmah ding ahih leh zong mailam vaihawmna khat peuhpeuh-ah vai siang baih zaw ding hi. ZOMI min leh a taangthute ngaihsut kholhsa-in nei-a, a kisap hun teh zat pah theih dingin koih huai hi.

2. NGEINA (Culture)

Ngeina thu sungah a kihel thei ding thu tampi om mah leh a kisam zawdiak-a ka ngaihsut tawm ka gen nuam hi.

A. Minam Pau (National Language)

Hih thu tawh kizomin Zomite in i gensa, kizopna leh mun leh gamte hangin Zomi khempeuh ii theih kim ding pau kibang kinei lo-a, zong kisin kim lo hi. Tua ahih manin eimau’ omna gamneu (township) tawh kizui-a pau ih zatte (our own dialects) i kep zawh ding thupi-a, tua pen minam leh ngeina itna lahna leh ciamtehna (identity) dan-in i saan’ ding hong suak hi. Tu laitak-in Zogam-ah a kizang paute lakah khat peuhpeuh minam pau (national language)-in zang ni i ci phial zongin, ahi thei lo ding zah dongin hamsa mahmah ding hi. I zat vet leh a tam zawdeuh ahi Haka or Falam, Mizo (Lushei) leh Tedim pau cih teng bang official-in zatkim hong kul ding hi. Hih teng i zat hangin lah i hanciam zahin kikhangto pah hanhan khol lo ding hi.

Minam pau neih loh phamawh hun hong tun’ ciangin leitung huih nun’zia tawh kizui-in, a kimang thei peen leh khan’toh vai peen dingin Mikang pau (English) ih zat nop hun hong tung kha ding hi. Mikang pau pen mal tul zagiat val bang pha-a, leitung gam tampite’

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pau pan a laak tuah uh, Mikang pau a suahsak tam mahmah hi. Tua ahih manin amau’ pau zong Zopau a suah ding maizum huai lo bek tham lo-in, i minam hong khan’suah baih zaw-in ka um hi. Zomite’ minam pau dingin Mikang pau kizang henla, i minam ngeina kepna dingin i pian’pih pau (native dialect) ciat keem leeng, “Zomite, han lung ciam, khangto diam” dingin ka lamen hi.

B. Ngeina Pawite (Celebrations)

Zomite in i teen’na gam tawh kizui-in pawi tuamtuam kinei-a, i khan’tohna hong khaktan lua ding ahih kei nak leh tuate hoih takin kep huai, zat huai hi. Gentehna-in: Gal aih, sa aih leh ton’ cihte khawng pen gual tung tuan’na leh kiphatsakna lahna nam khat ahih manin, a thu-a i theih ding hoih bek hi. Tua lo a dang Khuado Pawi, Tukzu Kholh cihte-a kipan phat tuamna hong pia thei dingte pen a thu theih bek ding hi lo-in, i khang tawnin zat huai ka sa hi.

C. Biakna (Religion)

Nidang lai-in Zomite in dawi leh sing leh suang a biate ahi hi. Tua khit ciangin Laipian biakna, Catholic leh a dang Protestant cih bangin hong um to uh-a, 1975 kum kiim pan kipanin Zogamah kha khan’lawhna nasia takin hong tung ahih manin upna a tuamtuam hong khangkhia hi. Tu-in Zogam-a om biakna a tuamtuamte lakah Christianity pen zakhat lakah sawm kua val bang pha dingin ki-um hi. Tua ahih manin Kawl kumpi in Zomite pen Mikang biakna or Mikang ngeina (tradition) a zui-in hong ngaihsun uh ahih manin amau’ hih theih zahin zong mun tuamtuam-ah hamsatna hong pia-a, tua bang kawmkal-ah i om laitak ahi hi. Hih pen minam ngeina bang lel-a hong ngaihsutsak man ahi hi. Ahi zongin Zomite in

Christian biakna pen leitung mi khempeuh’ up dinga a ngaihsunte i hi hi.

Hih biakna tawh kizomin ngaihsut ding thu nih om hi. Kawlte’n Christian deih lo ahih teh i hilh thadah, a mi mahmah mudah hang i ci ding hiam, ahih kei leh hih Jesu a theilo Buddhist gamah Zomite missionary dinga Pasianin’ hong koih hi, i ci ding hiam, cih ngaihsut kaak ding om hi. Pasian’ hong tatkhiatna lakah Kawlgam-a teeng midangte zong kihel ding-a i up leh itna tawh Kawlgam mite’ tungah Pasian thu gen ding mawhpuak a nei Zomite i hi hi.

D. Ngeina tuamtuam (Tradition)

Hih khawk sungah Zomite’ lungsim sungah thukhun’ banga a om khol lo upna leh khuasak zia a tuamtuam tampi omte lakah pawlkhat ka gen nuam hi. Zomi nam puan

bang pen a meel a kilawm mahmah ahi hi. Ahi zongin Zomi khangthakte in a puansa a hoih zawdeuh leh a gial dan a kilawm zawdeuhin a hunhun-a puahtoh (modify) zeel ding hoih-in ka um hi. Bangzah ta-in a meel a hoih hangin malkim puan a tual deda tung bekah kisuang den leh kisilh thanuam den khol lo ding hi. Hih pen Zomi fashion design uuk or a siam te’n ngaihsut huai hi.

Zo an zong i ngahna tawh kizui-in leitung ante lakah a sia lawmlawm hi lo hi. Tu dong mahin Kawlte leh minamdangte lakah sawtpi i om hangin Zo an a ne ngei khinsa i hih nak leh kilunggulh zo lai veve hi. North America-ah vaimim leh gatam kizuakna sai om leh a dangte zah mahin kikhawng veve thei kha ding hi. Ngapik zong lim a sa mahmah a om hangin a duh lote’n thuak hak sa mahmah-a, a duhte’n va zuan tanghtangh hi.

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Innkuan kilam zia (Family structure) pen Kawlte tawh i ngaihsut zia kibang lo-a, amau in ta tam deih khol lo uh hi. Zomite min phuah dan zong a kimawk phuah hi lo-a, a guigui-a min a kiphuak diimdiam ahih manin innkuan kilam zia leitung-ah a hoih peen pawl hi ci le’ng khial lo ding hi hang. Zomite ngeina-ah, unau lakah a u peen ahih kei leh a innpi luah peen in nu leh pa a vak a kep ding mawhpuakna a kinei ngiat ahi hi. Kawlte leh minam dangte sungah tua bang ngeina a nei ka thei kei hi.

Nopna dahna zong-ah tanu (zat tangzang), thusa cihte kinei ciat-a, tuate in hih theih lohna tuamtuam a om kei nak leh lungsiit het lo-in seem (volunteer) pah-a, i ngeina a hoih mahmah khat ahi hi.

3. MAILAM HUN LAMETNA (Future

Prospects)

A. Gam Makaihna (Political)

Gam leh minam khan’toh nadingin gam makaihna hoih leh gam makai hoih kisam mahmah hi. Ahi zongin tua nangawn zong biakna tungah kinga sawn hi. A zenzen-in Kawlgam pen Christian a tamzaw hi leh tu-a i din’mun ciang hi-in na um hiam? Leitunga gam khangtote i et ciangin zong Christian biakna a bulphuh gamte mah a tam zaw na khangto uh-a, mipi suahtakna (democracy) mah na umzaw uh hi. Tua bek tham lo-in a gam makaite in Pasian zahtaak maw, zahtaak lo cih tung zongah kinga lai hi. Midangte bangbang ahi phial zongin tuni ciangciang Zomite lakah mi tawmno khat or khat leh nih bang in, “Ko’ pilna tawh a khuasuak hi ung,” a ci phial zongin a tam zawte pen “Pasian’ makaihna bek mah tawh a khangto hi’ng,” a kici vive dingin ka lamen hi. Tua ahih manin

mailam hun Zogam khan’toh nading pen a nungta Pasian’ thu tung bek mah-ah kinga-a, Pasian um leh Pasian a zahtaak makai neih ding ut huai mahmah hi. Pasian a nei minamte pen Pasian a nei mimal mah in makaih thei bek ding hi.

B. Pilna lam Khan’tohna (Education)

Kawlgamah pilna lamsang kumpi sang bek i nei hi. Ahi zongin tuhun ciangin i hanciam zawh nak leh private sang zong tampi om-a, tuate tungtawnin gamdang pilnate zop theihna lampi om thei hi. Bangbang ahi zongin Kawlgam pilna thupi-in thupi ta kei leh gamdang tun’ ciangin a laipi (certificate) pen a mau kianga tawh tehkak (evaluate) thei ahih manin Kawlgam pan degree ngah theih nading hanciam huai mahmah hi.

Leitungah Pasian’ thupha piak ahi Mikang pau leh lai pen theih huai bek hi lo-in theih loh-a a phamawh hun hi ta hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh haksatna leh thu tuamtuam tawh gamdang i pai ciangin i zat theih peen ding Mikang pau hi ta hi. Mikang pau leh lai pen a baih pak ding tawh kibang pian napi, a lai a pau mal tam lua mahmah ahih manin a vek-a theih ding siam ding ol khol lo hi. Mikangte in a neu uh-a kipan amau’ pau leh lai mah kum sawm val mah a sin lai uh hi-a, Zomite in Zolai tanli ciang i sin tawh kikhai mahmah hi. Tua ahih manin Mikang pau leh lai a thei taktak nuamte in neulai mah pan kipan-a, hun ngah khempeuh-a sin ding ahi hi. Sang bekah kisin thei hi lo-a, a sinna laibu zang kawmin a thei zawdeuhte kiangah sin theih ahi hi. Tua pen ka theihsa hi, na ci thei kha dinga, kin bawl mahmah ding ka cihna ahi hi.

A khangto nai lo leh democracy a ngah nai lo Kawlgamah Zomite a om hangin, na

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mipihte na khan’tohsak nop leh a lampi om hi. Kawl gam kumpi in zong tha hong pia lai thei kha ding hi. Zomi lakah sum a lomlom-a a huh zo ding mihau ki-om nai lo ahih manin kipawlna lo tawh nasep picin’ nading hamsa hi. Ahi zongin sumvom sumkang in Kawlgamah man nei mahmah lai ahih manin i hamphatna pen tua hi kha thei ding hi. India gam pen Kawlgam tawh tehna-in Mikang pau lam khangto zaw ahih manin Kawlgam vai ka gen nuam hi. A zenzen-in, Zomite tam deuhna Tonzang, Tedim, Kalemyo, Yangon cihte-ah Zomite’ aading Mikang pau leh lai sinna (ESL Centre) hon’sak zo lehang, bangzah-in hoih ding hiam?

A dang khan’tohna tuamtuam ahi pilna zon’na, nun’taak zia, sum bawlna, lo khawhna, singkung suan’na, electric mei laakna, khasim sumlut tam zawkna leh a tuamtuamte zong hih pilna tungtawn mah-a khangto ding ahih manin hih project pen a manlang theithei-a kipat huai ka sa hi. I mipihte pen bangzahin a pil uh hangin Mikang lai leh pau kisitna kongpi (gate)-ah awk khin uh hi. Nisim neek ding ngasa na piak den sangin, a ngasa mat dan hilh lecin a khan’tawn ne thei ding hi. Hih lai a simte mimal khat ciat Pasian in thupha hong pia ta hen.

[Hih lai, 22 JUN 05 WED ni-in kingah hi.]

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An Overview of the Trend of the Zomi Social-Cultural

Development in Recent Years

(over 25 years)

Tg. Zam Sian Khai

Introduction

Many people groups, especially ethnic minorities, move from their homeland to a more fertile land and more secure place because of economic depression, ethnic cleansing, political prolems, and religious persecution in their homeland. The Zomi are people who for many reasons migrate far from their homeland to where the grass seems to be greener.

Over the period of a little more than two decades the people of Zomi spread across the globe from Zogam (Chin State) to all over the delta area in Burma and to other countries such as India, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Korea, Japan, Federated States of Micronesia, Union of South Africa, Guam, Fiji, Sweden, Israel, Germany, England, Australia, Norway, Italy, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America. Zomi moved from place to place for many different reasons. Some simply migrate, while others move to different places for the purpose of getting further education or development. Still other Zomi move to their chosen location to be near their close relatives. Many of the Zomi migrate and settle in lands foreign to their ancestors.

When the Zomi are displaced

physically, psychologically, and culturally, many unwanted and unwelcome changes occur depending on where a particular Zomi settles. Life back home and life abroad are drastically different. The language we speak, the food we eat, the type of work we do, and the way we dress in another culture are all different from those in the home country.

I. Zomi Culture and Zomi Worldview

Culture can be roughly defined as the expression of worldview. Worldview is the way we view, see, and evaluate the world around us. Our ancestors’ tradition, customary practices, and Christianity shape the worldview for Zomi. What, why, how, and when we do, say, or behave or react to a certain situation depends upon how and why we think, assume, and believe. Growing up in the Zomi community shapes our belief system and influences our behaviors. We learn to treasure and value the traditional Zomi culture, just as our ancestors did. We behave like Zomi because Zomi Worldview influences us. The Zomi World is not a physical location such as Zogam, but it is a sphere in which we roam about each day. It is within this boundary of the sphere of Zomi World that we operate and communicate with each other among the Zomi. Zomi who live abroad carry Zomi worldview and express themselves as Zomi.

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The Zomi culture and belief system is so strong that they dominate the life of the Zomi, no matter where in the world they live. Zomi who have moved away from their homeland and live within other cultures (foreign cultures) have been somewhat influenced by those cultures. Let us look at the developments of and differences between Zomi Culture at home and Zomi Culture abroad.

A. Cultural Shifts and Developments at

Home

Not many people are employed in Zomi society in our modern time. Zomi are predominantly peasants. Until about 25 years ago the majority of Zomi still made their living on a slash and burn method of agriculture in the Zo Hills. They raised different crops and vegetables such as potatoes, corns, tomatoes, onions, pumpkins, and rice in some areas. Corn and rice are the staple food for the Zomi even till today. Many Zomi domesticated and tamed animals such as pig, cow, dog, cat, goat, rabbit, chicken, duck, turkey, and horse (to name a few).

1. Business Development and Migration

among Zomi

As the years went by, the eyes of Zomi were open to other different methods besides a slash and burn cultivation to make a living. The trade route between India and Burma border opened up opportunities for the Zomi to make their living by trading goods as they cross the border of Myanmar and India. Zomi traders carried betel nuts (kun-thi) by means of horses across the border of India (jeeps and small trucks are being used nowadays). Some Zomi made good fortunes out of the betel nuts

business and they moved a step up to trading precious stones such as diamond, gold and other mineral substances. (Because of the limitation of space, only two kinds of trade employed by the Zomi are briefly addressed.) A good number of the Zomi became successful in their business and bought houses and flats in different cities such as Kalaymyo, Mandalay and Yangon. Each of their family members slowly migrates to these bigger cities leaving their houses and lands under the care of their close relatives in Zogam. Many young people moved and settled in bigger cities in search of opportunities for further education and business. Many young Zomi women served as housekeepers and baby sitters while many young Zomi men worked menial jobs (e.g. construction workers) in Mizoram, India. Zomi soldiers serving the government were deployed in many different stations across the country. Many of the pensioners returned to Zogam while others made their home in the delta region in the lower Burma. Some of these pensioners intermarried with people from other ethnic groups such as Kachin, Shan, Mon, Rakhine, and even Myanmar. Many Zomi government employees transferred from one city or state to another in fulfilling their government duties. Most of these officers returned to Zogam, while a few remained in different places. The Zomi are spread out throughout the region in almost every state and every division in the country of Myanmar.

2. Employment and Roles among the

Members of Zomi Society

The Zomi generally tend to be ashamed of working odd jobs or unskilled or menial jobs such as waiters/waitresses, factory jobs, custodial jobs, and other similar jobs. Even if they ended up working such jobs, they would

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be hesitant to mention their jobs in public. Most Zomi would choose not to do those kind of menial jobs in spite of their struggles to make ends meet. One person (usually the male head of the family) is the breadwinner and the rest of the families are free riders eating free food and enjoying free accommodations. As a result most important decisions are made by the head of the house who is also typically the breadwinner for the household and even for the extended families. Children are supported throughout the school years even up to their college graduation. Women are considered as homemakers or stay-at-home moms. Because women do not work outside the home, they tend to be more submissive to their husbands. It has been a traditional practice and expectation that women should be submissive to their own husbands and also to their in-laws (even though this is not the case any more in many modern homes among Zomi). Very few women among the Zomi community have received a college education while many women make it to their high school. The education of women started out partly, but not entirely, as a result of the Bible College Movement. Many women had the opportunities to go to college and their eyes were opened to many new things of which they had never dreamed. The opportunity for many Zomi women to attend Nursing College in Falam, Mandalay and Yangon starting in the early 1990s raise the status of women as young professionals. The role of the relationship between husband and wife is currently changing among the Zomi.

3. Zomi Development and Moral Decline

As Zomi develop socially and professionally, they reap bad instead of good fruits. As the Zomi are exposed to modern

technology and media such as video, television, computer, and other Western influences, the morality of the Zomi declines speedily. Most of our ancestral tradition and customs are carried on by the new generation, but other virtues such as faithfulness in courtship and marriage, respect for elderly persons, and politeness, to name a few, were buried with our ancestors. Failing morality or infidelity among singles and married couples is not uncommon among today’s Zomi community. It is very sad to know that the Zomi have gotten this far in moral failure. Sexual promiscuity is rampant throughout Zomi community among the new generations. Terminal illnesses, such as AIDS, which were foreign to the Zomi about twenty five years ago, have taken the lives of many Zomi today (at least 50 or more) because of loose standards in our moral code and our lack of the fear of God. We, the Zomi, still claim God as the source of our blessings, but the way we live does not reflect a holy and righteous God. We might want to blame our ancestors on their blindness of worshiping forest spirits, but were they not morally better than we who claim to worship the true and living God? It is sad that we are losing our cultural heritage (i.e. moral purity) from our ancestors and our spiritual heritage (fear of God) from our Christianity. Are we grateful to God who blesses us abundantly? If so, what can we do to please Him?

B. Cultural Shifts and Developments

Abroad

As the Zomi spread throughout the world, many cultural adjustments and changes have been made both consciously or unconsciously. Some of the changes are made willingly but others are made unwillingly

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depending on the situation under which one finds himself or herself in a new location which is foreign to his culture and personality.

1. Occupational Roles between Zomi

Spouses

Living abroad has changed the roles of Zomi men and women. Women are working in jobs and taking on responsibilities that have traditionally been considered a man’s role, whereas men are now doing domestic chores that have been considered to be a woman’s work. In some cases, women find it necessary to work in order to support the family. Other women choose to work outside the home in order to raise their social standing to that of their husbands (perhaps being influenced by such things as the American Feminist Movement). On the other hand, men are finding themselves doing such things as domestic chores like cleaning and cooking, that they have never thought or dreamed about doing before. Some men help with such jobs out of consideration for their wives, while others are doing so begrudgingly. This is causing conflicts among Zomi couples. Some nice women don’t want to do their house chores because they are being influenced by the host culture (i.e. in American culture, husbands are expected by their wives to cook and clean). The role of man and woman is a cultural shift which is being developed among the Zomi who live abroad. Who is going to cook? Or who is going to clean and wash the dishes? This is a minor, to some a major, crisis married couples who live abroad do face each day. Where do we draw the line?

2. Marital Roles Between Zomi Spouses

Another noteworthy case is the way

Zomi couples treats each other in a domestic setting. When Zomi live in a new culture, sometimes the Zomi culture clashes with the new culture either within a family or within a person. For example, some Zomi women in the United States are quick to call 911 (emergency number of the police station) to get help when their husbands are physically or verbally abusive to them. Instead of finding a way to permanently resolve the problems, they rely on the police as a temporary solution. The American culture does not allow for spousal abuses whether it is verbal or physical abuse. The cultural norm in the United States is that husbands should treat their wife with respect and dignity. This is a new and foreign concept to many Zomi husbands. The Bible also speaks about reciprocal respect between husbands and wives. Ephesians 5:21 reads, “and be subject to one another in the fear of Christ.” It is a mutual respect which is required from both parties. The adjacent verse goes this way, “wives, be subject to your own husbands as to the Lord” (v. 22) and wives are commanded to be submissive to their husbands in “everything” (v.24). Sometimes it is the wives who manipulate their husbands to get angry, while at other times it is the husbands who quickly lose their temper and blow it out on their wives. In the context of Ephesians 5, Paul is talking about a Spirit-filled life (cf. Eph. 5:18 and 4:30). When conflict or fighting occurs between spouses, it happens because either one of them is not filled with the Spirit at the moment or both of them are not filled with the Spirit. The answer to the problem is a Spirit-filled life where the husband loves his wife just as Christ loved the church (Eph. 5:25) and the wife is submissive to her husband as the church is to Christ (Eph. 5:24). It is selfishness which gets in the way when conflict arises between spouses; the husband is

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not sensitive to the feeling and need of his wife and the wife is not sensitive to the feeling and need of her husband. The answer to spousal problems complicated by cultural adaptation between spouses is a Spirit filled life which produces selfless sacrifice and commitment to please one another. Couples need to have a daily devotion to God and to each other by spending quality time with God and with each other through reading the Bible together and praying together daily.

3. Types of Employment Abroad

The type of work that Zomi find to do after they leave their homeland is different from what they may have been accustomed to doing back home. The jobs available to Zomi immigrants without prior experience or related education are primarily, but not limited to, sushi related jobs such as sushi contractor/franchisee, sushi chef and sushi helper; Chinese restaurant related jobs such as food manager, line-runner, cook, and cashier; custodial work; factory work such as working in a meat production company, a bread production company, a steel or other product manufacturing; driving a commercial truck, a pizza delivery car or taxi; and secretarial and office related work such as accountant, secretary, etc. Most Zomi who live abroad are normally reluctant to inform their families and friends back home about their employment. It may be a cultural thing we carry along with us, but is it necessary to be ashamed of what we do?

4. Culture Shock and Cultural Adaptation

The word “Culture Shock” is a cultural-anthropological term which means anything a person encounters living in a new culture

which shocks or surprises him/her. A culture shock could be a habit or expression or behavior which is foreign to a resident alien but is normal to the natives or host people. A culture shock may also include strange foods, strange ways people conduct themselves in public, and strange ways people think and talk. One good example of a culture shock is the experience of Zomi at a restaurant. A group of Zomi went to a restaurant and placed their orders for meals which appealed to them the most as far as they could guess by looking at the menu. They were shocked when the waitress brought three plateful of green chili and pepper with water to drink. This could be called a food-shock or a menu-shock. Another culture shock is the experience of a drive-through food service at a McDonald’s restaurant. Instead of going inside the restaurant, customers can drive by the window outside the restaurant to place their orders. A newly arrived Zomi in the U.S. went to buy food at a McDonald’s drive through window. He pulled his car to the menu stand and an employee greeted him through the microphone. He rolled down his window and placed his order. He had a hard time understanding the employee speaking from inside whom he cannot see from the outside. He just said, “Yes” to everything the employee asked. He took so long to move forward that the drivers in the cars behind him wondered what was wrong with the man in front of them. After hearing repeated honking from behind, the man moved forward to find out that his food order is waiting for him at next window. As he approached the employee at the window, he found out that his order cost him $ 50.00 U.S. dollars. His face turned red and he was shocked to find out how much food he ordered. He wanted to order just a meal for one person but he got meals enough to feed ten

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people. This is a language shock and shopping shock. He found himself in this kind of culture shock because he had never seriously thought of learning to speak English. He didn’t want to sacrifice his money, time and effort to learn English. He had never tried to talk to Americans because he always worked with, hung out with, lived with, and ate with his own Zomi people.

Culture shock can cause shame, isolation, loneliness, depression, and homesickness for those who live in a foreign county. Many Zomi living abroad tend to isolate from the host culture whether it is Korean or Japanese, Singaporean, Thai, Malay, or American culture. They face many unexpected situations and shocks because they don’t want to learn the host language and the host culture. They don’t make friends with the host people. They just want to hang out with their own little group of people. By not trying to adapt to the host culture, they suffer many consequences. Cultural adaptation is very important for those who live in a foreign culture. It is important to socialize with your own people but it is also equally important to adapt to the host culture and make friends with the host people in order to survive in a foreign country. Zomi don’t want to pay the price of learning language, making friends with the host people and being vulnerable to others. Some Zomi are so overly adaptive to the host culture that they even look down on their own culture and Zomi people and avoid contacts with them (it is called ‘assimilation’). Assimilation is “the process by which adults are inducted into a new culture through conversion, thereby leaving behind the first culture into which they had been enculturated.”19 Isolation is one extreme and

19 John H. Westerhoff, “Enculturation,” in

immersion (assimilation) is another extreme. The balance between the two extremes is beneficial for the Zomi. Acculturation is “the process by which persons learn to adapt to the general culture while still maintaining their own particular subculture.”20 Losing our Zomi identity is one thing and isolating from the host culture is another thing. Zomi living abroad need to find ways they can balance the two cultures in their lives, allowing the host culture and the native culture to be used appropriately.

II. Zomi and Education

A. Secular Education

The secular education of the Zomi has been hampered and shackled by the sporadic school systems in the home country of Myanmar. In spite of the backwardness of and the hindrances to our education, God has blessed the Zomi with a good and fair education within the country and outside the country as well. The unfavorable situation in the country forces the Zomi to work harder to get a better education at home and abroad. Parents who are financially able, send their children to tuition schools to get a better education. Recently, boarding schools were opened in order to allow students to concentrate on their academic works without the interference of domestic and other social activities in their home. Only a few elite can afford to send their kids to these kinds of boarding schools. These types of boarding schools are available in Kalaymyo, Yangon, and Maymyo. International schools and other

Harper’s Encyclopedia of Religious Education,

ed. Iris V. Cully and Kendig Brubaker Cully (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 270.

20 Ibid., 269.

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private schools, run by mostly foreigners in Myanmar, provide courses in English medium. These specialized schools are affordable only by a few elite individuals who receive some form of foreign aid or who work abroad. The tuition fees are paid in US dollars and in Myanmar kyats calculated according to the money exchange rate. Children who get this kind of specialized education are automatically adaptive to foreign schools especially in the United States because they are able to read and write in English and they have been using the same curriculum used in the United States. Many Zomi students get their secular education in different secular colleges and universities in Myanmar. The benefit of the new generation in Myanmar is that they get to learn English from their kindergarten classes. This provides a big asset for their further education. Even though many Zomi young people have the opportunity to live and study abroad, this opportunity is buried under the motivation to make money and become wealthy. It is sad to see that very few Zomi students are found in secular colleges and universities abroad. The majority of Zomi students are being educated in the seminaries and Bible schools abroad. It is not any one’s position to discourage students to attend religious schools, but young people should seriously take note of the desperate need for secular education and to make a living out of their education. Most young Zomi end up working in the sushi business, Chinese food business or other factory works. Few young people are encouraged to obtain a secular education. If young Zomi are not encouraged to go to secular professional schools, they will be working odd jobs and menial jobs for the rest of their lives. So what can we do to motivate young Zomi?

B. Sacred Education

Many young Zomi went to India to get education, primarily theological training at different Bible schools and seminaries in different locations in different parts of India. The trend of the Bible College Students Movement started around the middle of 1970s when some pioneer and zealous students crossed the border between India and Myanmar to get religious trainings. These first groups of pioneer students were followed by a throng of students to get educated in India when the schools, colleges and universities were closed due to the uprising of the nationals against the government on August 8, 1988. A huge number of students spilled over to India to get their education. Since the Bible schools in India were most receptive to the Zomi students, most of them ended up studying at different Bible schools and seminaries. Some students studied theology as a means of getting some kind of education and of learning English language. Others were faithfully and seriously committed to studying the Bible and theology with the purpose of serving God for the rest of their lives. Some students went to India out of curiosity and boredom at home and were later called into the ministry in the course of their study. God has providentially used different situations and circumstances for different people for their own good as He sees fit. The trend of Bible School Movement is still going on even today (2005).

Some of the Zomi students who were educated in Burma and India had the opportunity to study abroad. Some went to the United States of America and others went to different countries to get their theological education. Many of the students remained in foreign countries after their theological

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training to do something else while others returned to their home country. The students who returned have been blessed with the opportunity to serve with religious organizations abroad (U.S. and Korea) and they have become representatives for these Christian organizations to start ministries in Myanmar. Most of the foreign-returned students started Bible schools. Some people run their Bible Schools to train religious leaders to carry the torch for the next generations, whereas others might run the Bible School just to compete. But everyone does what seems right in his own eyes for his own purposes and for the benefit of others. In one way it is a blessing to have many Bible schools, but the question is “Do we need that many Bible schools?” Because of the new and rapidly emerging development of the Bible School Movement primarily founded by the Zomi, a well-known religious leader (a non-Zomi in Yangon) has reportedly remarked, “Aha! These Chins are starting up Bible schools like a tea-shop in every corner of the town.” The number of Bible schools run by the Zomi was more than sixty. Not all who go to a Bible School serve in the ministry or ministry-related fields. The question we need to raise as Zomi is, “Is it good to get theological training and do not use it as our professional job?” or “Is it good that our people get theological education and do something else?” or “Is it good enough to learn English using Bible study just as a stepping-stone for working or studying in a foreign country?” These are the questions we need to wrestle with each day as we think about the future of the Zomi people. No one is obligated to attend a Bible school nor anyone is required to serve in the ministry after attending a Bible School. The question is: where is the best place to spend most of our

youthful time and life? In other words, where do we spend the most productive time of our life? We need to wrestle with this kind of questions for the new generation of the Zomi. We could just automatically blame our background, but that does not give a good answer to fix the problem. What can we do better together as Zomi for the next generation?

III. Zomi and Money

Money is a commodity that we must have in order to survive in today’s society. Unlike primitive societies in which goods and services are exchanged, today’s world operates on a monetary system. Money has become a master over some people but to others it is only a tool they use to get the things they need. Money can be used to make friends, but it can also cause families to break apart. Our ancestors have a saying, “There is no brother or no father when it comes to money” or “Money does not favor your relatives” (Sum unau sum pata om lo). Money can easily blind the eyes of people to the point that it is more important than close relatives and even spouses or children. Greed ruins and destroys family relationships, friendships, and moral lives. Therefore, a wise use and control of money and a moderate desire to have money is essential for a stable life. The Bible even warns against the destructive nature of money: “But those who want to get rich fall into temptation and a snare and many foolish and harmful desires which plunge men into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a root of all sorts of evil” (I Tim 6:9-10). Money is like a fire which is good for cooking and warming when it is used appropriately, but can bring destruction and ashes when it is used inappropriately. Money can bring happiness

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(to an extent) to those who are able to control money wisely and it brings destruction to those who are controlled by it. The Burmese people have said about the Zomi with reference to wealth, “Chin people can afford to have misery and poverty but they survive; however, they cannot afford to accrue wealth because sooner or later it will destroy them.” This is true if we evaluate the history of Zomi who acquired wealth. Zomi works hard to earn money but they don’t know how to keep it to last for generations. This leads to the subject of how some people irresponsibly squander money while others rigorously work for money.

A. The Way Money is Earned Abroad: It is

so hard to earn money abroad

Anyone who lives abroad knows how hard and difficult it is to get money. We all know that every penny counts. Though people can get by with life without employment at home (Myanmar), almost everyone living abroad has to work in order to survive. Most Zomi living abroad (in the U.S) work from 50 to 80 hours weekly. Many of them work everyday from Monday to Sunday which leaves them with only night to rest. Money is sought after just like gold is sought in a gold mine. Many Zomi even feel that they work like an ox under the yoke to support their own family abroad and their extended families and close kinsmen. Since living in their home country is so hard, they are trying to bring as many relatives and friends as possible into the United States. They have tried many ways and means in order to get their relatives across the ocean to help them provide a better life and a more promising and rewarding profession. Many of them invest $ 10,000.00 to $30,000.00 in order to bring a relative to the U.S. Some of them

charge their relatives beyond the actual expenses while others collect the actual expenses from their relatives. Most of the newcomers pay their debts by means of a monthly installment until they are paid off. Other newcomers become somewhat like “indentured workers” and are socially and culturally bound to serve their benefactors or sponsors until they are satisfied with the service rendered to them in return for the help and support they provide for the newcomers. This kind of indentured service is done mostly at the sushi bars where the benefactors are normally contractors for a Japanese company. An indentured worker lives and eats with their benefactors (contractors) under the same roof at night and work with them during the day. A salary is fixed for the employees ranging from $1000.00 to $2000.00 with the workers’ room and meals provided by the benefactors. When conflict began to spark between the two parties, the employees move to another similar job but work under different contractors. This is a typical relationship between a contractor and a regular employee among the Zomi. The only difference between an indentured worker and a regular employee is that the indentured worker has no freedom of choice to change his job in spite of the unfavorable condition he finds himself under. A regular employee who has no social attachment to the contractor has the right to move out in the case of unfair treatment or dissatisfaction with the contractors.

Most contractors started out from the bottom as a sushi helper or a sushi chef. As they get to know the flow of the business and perform excellent quality of work, they are eligible to apply for a contract position. There is no special qualification or education required in order to become a contractor

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except that he can communicate with people in English and he is knowledgeable and skillful in making sushi. Once a man or a woman becomes a contractor, his/her social status is automatically raised to the level of a boss or a contractor. He or she automatically acts like a boss and treats others, especially the regular workers, as unequal. By the way, a contractor can be successful or can fail in his business depending on the kind of store he gets to manage (and some people attribute this to good luck and bad luck). However, this kind of franchise business is very unstable because big companies could merge or the owners could sell their business to others. On occasions, a franchise business could be terminated due to improper manner (i.e. sexual harassment or misconduct) or inability to manage the business well. The franchisee is paid by commission which is normally 67% of the gross income. The franchisees or the contractors are responsible to hire and pay their employees, to supply their own uniforms and business-related products and they are responsible to improve the sales. The more the sales increase the more their commission paycheck increases as well. So they are motivated by the commission and the employees are motivated by their salary (if they are paid well) and the treatment they receive from their contractors.

The contractors and the employees come home at the end of the day and eat together when/if supper is ready. Some of them buy phone cards and call their family back home right after dinner, while others communicate with their family via emails. Contractors and employees send money to their family and relatives as much as they can. Most of the time, the money they send is not enough. Every time they talk with their family

on the phone, more money is demanded because they have spent the money on medical bills and paying existing debts. The senders are frustrated with the more demand of money because they are tired and they think they have sent enough money for the time being. They want to limit the amount of money they send to their family but social and cultural responsibility does not allow them to do so. They are confused and find themselves in a dilemma, wanting to help their family and feeling unable to provide help consistently. This leads us to the discussion of the motive and habit of relatives back home in spending money.

B. The Way Money is Spent at Home: It is

so easy to spend money at home

A conversation on the street of Pansodan in Yangon goes like this: “Hello, how are you doing, guys?” The guys answer, “We are doing great.” “OK”, replies the man, “How do you guys make your living in Yangon?” They reluctantly admit, “We make our living by cooking and cleaning for the wives of those who live abroad.” This conversation carries some truth in it. It is not only true of some of the wives but it is certainly true of some of the relatives of those who live abroad. Relatives back home believe that money is easily earned. They don’t know how hard their husbands or sons or brothers or sisters or fathers or mothers work to earn money and send it to them. They assume, “Our relatives abroad get paid pretty well without doing hard work and they must have saved all the money they have earned in the bank. So if they just send us a few dollars each week or each month, it won’t hurt them at all. If they send us a hundred dollar each month, it is not a big deal for them but we can do a lot of

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things here at home with the exchange rate of the currency.” They do not realize that their relatives abroad do have to pay medical bills, car insurance, health insurance, house rent, gas, school bills, etc. This is a huge misconception.

Relatives at home who are supported by their family members abroad live luxuriously in Myanmar. They get to eat what they want and wear the latest clothing fashion; they don’t have to work because money is coming in from outside; they act like they are high-class people because they have the dollar income. People think they are really rich and they also think that they are rich. What they don’t know is that their relatives work their butts off to send them a dollar. They live like a queen or a prince in front of others who have no foreign income. They don’t even want to cook any more, so they hire people to cook and clean. They are busy managing the money their family member send to the point where they are not even grateful to the sender. Some of them spend their money licentiously and commit immoral sins while others squander the money by going to expensive bars and restaurants. When they run out of money, they email or phone their family abroad to send more money because they have spent their money on medical bills, hospitality, and children’s school bills etc. They do not think of investing the money so that it will multiply. Instead, they spend it all and then ask for more. The husbands or other family members go home after sacrificially working for many years abroad hoping that the family has invested some money that was sent. But they find that there is no money invested or saved. Sending money to relatives at home is like pouring water into a hole on the ground. The more you send, the more is needed. It is never

enough.

This is a typical situation for many Zomi today and requires some serious consideration. Action needs to be taken if we want to improve our living standard and be a good steward of what God has entrusted us with. We need to educate our family members about ways to invest the money we send. We also need to set limits and boundaries as to how much money we will send back home. Another issue facing couples living abroad is that each partner wants to send money to his or her own family. The husband wants to take care of his side of the family while the wife also wants to send money to her side of the family. Some Zomi send 50 % each to both sides of the family while others debate and fight over how much they should send to each side of the family. Still others debate whether it is necessary to send money to the wife’s side of the family. It will be hard to agree on this issue but what can we do to solve this problem in our Zomi society?

IV. Zomi and Social-Relational

Development

A. Awareness of Culture and Religion

Social relationship is like a cord which links people together. The ancestors of Zomi greatly value family and lineage relationship. As Zomi, we are able to trace the short history of our family and clan and our relationship to each other within the group or the clan. For example, one Zomi is more or less aware of and knowledgeable of the names of the relatives and his/her relationship with each of them from both sides of the family (from the mother’s and the father’s sides of the family). However, this knowledge of close kinship is

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starting to decline as the Zomi are dispersed throughout the world. Perhaps, sooner or later the traditional customs of the Zomi will be diluted and compromised to the point where we lose our identity as Zomi. Even though our Zomi ancestors are animists who worship spirits (dawi-bia mi), Christianity came to Zogam when the pioneer American Baptist missionaries arrived in 1899. Some of the traditional practices (especially animistic rituals) have been slowly replaced with Christian principles and practices. The Christian worldview is conglomerated into a Zomi worldview resulting in a syncretism of Christian worldview and Zomi Worldview. While some of the Zomi traditional practices are left behind, many of the practices are carried on by the new generation as they incorporate them into their life. What can we do to keep our Zomi culture?

B. Communication and Relationships

among the Zomi

1. Communication with Family at Home

With the technological development and the explosion of information highway (the Internet), communication today is much faster and smoother than communication over ten years ago among Zomi. A handwritten letter through snail mail used to be the main means of communication over ten years ago between Zomi living abroad and their families at home. The snail mail communication has been quickly replaced by the email and phone service which have been made available to family members at home. Today a Zomi can easily communicate with his/her family in Yangon, Kalaymyo, Tedim and many other locations where families reside. Very few Zomi still use snail mail to communicate with

their families across the oceans. Because foreign residents of Zomi tend to communicate with their family through emails and phones about their daily activities and news abroad, there is not much left to write down on a paper to send it along with a visiting relative or friend. Good news as well as bad news alike is spread quickly throughout the world where Zomi reside within a few days and in many cases within hours or minutes across the oceans through the means of email and telephone.

2. Communication within Zomi Abroad

Communication between Zomi abroad is much easier, faster, and less expensive than communicating with family back home. About 50-60% of Zomi household who live in the United States have a cell phone and email connection at their house. Zomi tend to talk on their cell phones with others during their free minutes which are allotted by their phone company. Their free minutes of talk-time starts at 9:00 pm (for some 7:00 pm) and ends at 7:00 am the next morning during week-days and starts at 9:00 pm (or 7:00 pm) on Friday and ends at 7:00 am Monday morning. During these free hours Zomi in the United States will talk to each other and with their siblings. Some people will spend hours talking on the cell phone because it is free time for them and they are taking advantage of that option while others will use email to communicate with friends and family. Some people even use instant messenger on the Internet to send instant messages to their boyfriends/girlfriends and friends and family as well. Zomi who live within one to two hours of each other visit more often than those who live in different states. Even though technical communication is easily accessible to most Zomi in the U.S.,

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the irony is that personal communication between Zomi on the intimate level is still missing. Zomi who live under the same roof might not even talk to each other for days or even months in spite of the cell phones they carry in their own pockets. A Zomi who could easily communicate with other Zomi across the States by using cellphones and emails still find it too much of an effort. Communication on a personal level should be worked at among Zomi living abroad so that they can do some great things together for the improvement of Zomi society.

3. Relationship between Zomi Abroad

Relationships between Zomi are different when they live abroad. Life abroad is a lot busier and faster than life back home. Time is very important and it is the measurement for what people do. As the saying goes, “Time is money.” People do things within a block of time, and deadlines for certain projects or certain works are taken seriously. Being late to a meeting or work is considered rude and careless.

Relationship between siblings is different abroad. Every single person is a separate family unit in a foreign country because each one is responsible for his own life and survival. There is no more interdependence among siblings. The married siblings are busy with their own families and the single siblings are doing their own thing to survive. Teenagers want to demand their rights from the parents. Sometimes the game played between parents and teenagers is fair and sometimes it is not. There is no monetary help given to one’s relative or sibling. A loan from a relative or sibling is the most a person can expect in a foreign culture even among the

Zomi society. A person’s worth or value tends to be determined by their income or the kind of job they have even among the Zomi. Success is determined by the type and model of car one drives or the type of home a person purchases (or leases). This is motivated by materialism the Zomi developed from the host culture (American culture). Sushi contractors/franchisees tend to respect and treat each other well while the sushi helpers or other employees are somewhat looked down upon. In social or religious gatherings, contractors tend to talk to each other while employees get together in the other corner.

A person’s worth is determined by how many sushi bars he is allowed to operate or how much income he has. Importance of sibling relationship and family relationship are slowly being undermined by Zomi who are driven by materialism. This is also true of relationship among Zomi abroad generally. Many Zomi are more concerned with money than their relationship with their siblings or close relatives. Individualistic and materialistic mindset is developed among Zomi. One’s own success is more important than one’s relationship with family, siblings, or people. Some Zomi look down upon other Zomi who attend seminaries or secular schools abroad because they don’t earn money. On the same note, some educated Zomi also do not have a high respect for other Zomi who work off their butts almost seven days a week without getting rest and education.

On the other hand, here is one thing that is commendable about the Zomi who live abroad and that is their deep sympathy for someone who loses a loved one. They faithfully adhere to the traditional practice of comforting the grieved and the sufferers.

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Generally, relationship between the Zomi is more or less influenced by where they live and what their priorities are in life. Therefore, social relationships between Zomi at home and abroad are drastically different due to the changing culture and development.

V. Zomi and Religion

Generally speaking, religion plays a significant role in Zomi culture and life. Zomi culture and Christianity are inseparable. It could be said of the Zomi that “to be a Zomi is to be a Christian and to be a Christian is to be a Zomi.” However, Zomi Christianity is tainted with cultural, traditional and secular insinuations over the years. It is hard, though, to define Zomi Christianity strictly because it is made up of different denominations and beliefs even though most of them claim the Bible as their source of authority. On the other hand, Christianity was born in Zogam and has existed along side of Animism. Many of the new converts carried their ritual practices in their mind and occasionally went back to their animistic rituals and sacrifices when Christianity did not seem to solve their immediate physical needs such as sickness and mental illness.

Young people who are converted to Christianity or who were born in a Christian home also tend to go back to the old ways to fulfill the desires of their flesh. Many young Zomi people searched for happiness, contentment and fulfillment for their lives in the wrong places such as drugs of all kinds, immoral sex, excessive drinking and get-rich-quick schemes of trading illegal drugs. This had led them into exile, long prison terms, and disconnection with and destruction of their families. Even though Christianity is their

religion, many Zomi do not act like Christians in many ways. Infidelity among married couples is increasingly prevalent among the Zomi. Immorality among the young unmarried Zomi is not an exception. Materialism has invaded the people of Zomi and its land. The ancestral Zomi were those who admire and value relationship and moral integrity over and above money and possession of wealth. But sadly this is not the case with the new generation of Zomi. The moral integrity of Zomi is speeding down the hill leading to destruction. Zomi who used to fear and respect God do not do so any more. Many Zomi talk and live like the pagans wherever they live. Cohabitation of an unmarried couple is not a foreign concept or practice anymore to the Zomi who live abroad. The traditional values and the Biblical precepts are undermined by many of the Zomi youth. Christian principles or traditional values are not the guiding principles any more for many of the Zomi. Instead, every one does what is pleasing in his own eyes just as did the people during the period of Judges in the Bible. An individual is a judge to himself/herself rather than God or Biblical principles. What feels good is what is best for many Zomi. When they make some money or get some education, they think they are the richest person or the smartest person on the face of the earth. What they don’t realize is that there are many educated people and many rich people in the world even before they were born. The reason is that they so soon forget the root from which they grew (The Burmese calls it ‘auk chay lut’). They forget how hard life was ten years ago. This kind of life style does not represent the whole population of Zomi who live abroad but it is a fraction of the Zomi who live that way.

Life abroad is filled with schedules and

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activities. Almost everyone has to work in order to make a living for the family. Couples with kids struggle to find time for family devotion and worship at home. Attending a worship service once a week is the maximum commitment the majority of Zomi who live abroad can afford to do. Some Zomi take part in weekday services in the church while others hardly make it to the church once a week. Work becomes a priority because of the influence of the host culture and the individual choice as well. Very few sushi employees or employers have a Sunday off from their job. But many Zomi meet on Sunday nights for worship in order to accommodate everyone who is willing to attend. Some Zomi have the freedom to choose the kind of denominational churches they want to attend depending on the population of Zomi in a given location. For example, Zomi in Florida (U.S.A.) have at least five denominational churches and Florida Zomi Innkuan (primarily for social gatherings). The churches are Zomi Baptist Church (Baptist service conducted in Tedim), Burmese Assembly of God (Pentecostal service conducted in Burmese), Myanmar Christian Church (Full Gospel Service conducted in Tedim), First Burmese Baptist Church (predominantly Baptist service conducted in Burmese) and a Roman Catholic group who meet occasionally for prayers and encouragement. Besides, many other Zomi meet in different places. Zomi Fellowships in Washington D.C. area include Zomi Innkuan D.C. (social and religious services in Tedim), Evangelical Baptist Church, D.C. (religious service in Tedim), Calvary Church (religious service in Burmese) and U.S.A. Sihzang Fellowship (primarily social meeting in Sihzang dialect).

Other Zomi Fellowships include

Appalachian Zomi Innkuan (social and religious meetings of Zomi who live in Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee states in the U.S.A.), Myanmar Mission Church (religious service in Burmese), and Chicago Zomi Innkuan (social and religious meeting). Zomi in Oklahoma State have five fellowships: Oklahoma Zomi Innkuan (social gatherings in Tedim), Myanmar Christian Church (Pentecostal in Burmese), Burmese Christian Assembly (Pentecostal in Tedim), Zomi Church Fellowship (predominantly Baptists and others), and Asian Baptist Church (Mixed ethnic groups conducted in English). Zomi in Portland, Oregon also meet in two groups: Zomi Innkuan Portland (social and religious in Tedim) and Oregon Myanmar Church (religious service in Burmese).

Zomi in other countries meet in their respective places with their own fellowships. In Japan, Zomi meet in three groups: Zomi Christian Fellowship (religious service in Tedim), Myanmar Revival Christian Fellowship (religious service in Tedim and Burmese) and Myanmar Christian Mission Center (religious service in Burmese). Zomi groups in Singapore meet at Elim Burmese Christian Fellowship (religious service in Burmese), at Singapore Zomi Innkuan, and in other Zomi fellowship groups. Zomi in Thailand, Germany, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, England and other countries have their own Zomi fellowships.

Zomi are striving to excel in their spiritual life by doing the best they can to live for God. However, each of the Zomi, if they are honest, will admit that they are not as spiritual as they were back home; they want to grow in the Lord as much as possible. They are striving their best to make up for what they

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miss spiritually. Many of the Zomi are asking and should be asking questions like “What was my commitment to God before I left my home land and where am I now spiritually?” or “What can I do for the kingdom of God where I am today to make an impact in the lives of others?” or “What would the Lord have me with my life and money?” What can we do as Zomi for the kingdom of God and for our people?

Conclusion

Zoologists observe that a tiger will defeat a lion in battle. However, five lions will defeat five tigers because the lions fight together as a group but the tigers do not. The five lions win the battle because they fight together one tiger at a time.21 Unfortunately Zomi tend to be like the tigers who are not willing to work together. We don’t want to listen to and learn from each other. Each one thinks he/she knows best! What can we do about the situation of Zomi today? Perhaps there might be some lessons to be learned from the past, changes need to be made, improvements to be implemented. Most of the assessments of the development of Zomi are generally based on Myanmar and the United State because these are the places I am most familiar with. This does not mean that you are not included in the group or you should ignore the issues raised in this article. Any kind of contribution will be appreciated. Any kind of help or advice is warmly welcome in any form of suggestions, inputs, constructive criticisms, evaluations, more detailed information, omissions, deletions, or anything thing similar. Different individual can respond to different issues. You may also contribute anything in

21George G. Hunter, The Celtic Way of

Evangelism (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2000), 18.

which you have expertise or interest or if you really wish that things could be done or should be done differently or better than what had been done in the past.

Since this article is written out of a sheer memory and reflection and observation of the past on the part of the author, it is not exhaustive or conclusive in any way. Specific details such as names, places, dates and other events are lacking in the present form. As more information becomes available and more time and effort and research are put into this kind of task, a more thorough work on the development of the Zomi is expected in the future. Let us Zomi strive together as the five lions fight together as a team in order to bring improvement and development among Zomi society (Zomite Han Lung Ciam, Khangto Diam…Diam! Diam!! Diam!!!).

Bibliography

Cully, I. V. and K. B. Cully, Eds. (1990). Harper's Encyclopedia of Religious Education. New York, Harper and Row.

Hunter, G. H. (2000). The Celtic Way of Evangelism. Nashville, Abingdon Press.

Biography of the Author: Zam Sian

Khai

1. Born in 1969 in Leilum (Leitawhtan), Tedim, Chin State, Myanmar.

2. Brought up by his parents (the late

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Pu Tun Za Tuang and Pi Luan Khua Pau) along with 12 other siblings (6 boys and 6 girls).

3. Passed State High School Examination in Myanmar in 1987 and matriculated (or qualified to study) in R.I.T. (Rangoon Institute of Technology) but the political turmoil in 1988 in Myanmar shifted the course of his life.

4. Studied at Calvary Baptist Bible College in New Bombay, India for two years and Berean Baptist Bible College & Seminary in Bangalore, India for three years earning two bachelors in theology: Bachelor of Theology (B.Th.) in 1992 and Bachelor of Divinity (B.D.) in 1993.

5. Earned a Master of Divinity Degree (M.Div. in Counseling, Biblical Languages, Church History and

Systematic Theology) at Bob Jones University, South Carolina, U.S.A. in 2001.

6. Earned a Master of Sacred Theology (S.T.M. majoring in New Testament Greek Studies) from Dallas Theological Seminary, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. in 2003.

7. Currently working on a Ph. D. program in Intercultural Studies majoring in Behavioral Science and Evangelism at Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, Kentucky, U.S.A. He does not like to move around too much but unfortunately and ironically he has lived in seven different States in the United States of America.

[This article was sent to us on 24 OCT 05

MON.]

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Lai Simbu pan Pau Sinbu-ah

Tg. Khoi Lam Thang

1913 kum-in Zolai Simbu a nei hi hang ci-in tangthu-ah kiciamteh hi. 1925 kum ciangin Mikang kumpi in Zogam-ah Zolai tawh pilna sin theih dingin (Vernacular Education) vaihawm hi. Mission sang khempeuh phial kumpi sang suak-a, Zolai tawh tanli ciang pilna kisin hi. Leitung thu, Cidamna thu, Ganan a kipan theihhuai tuamtuam kisin hi. Kawlgam suahtak hun 1948-a kipan Kawllai tawh pilna sin ding hong ki-uangsak leeuleeu-a, Zolai hong hingkiam hi. Zolai Simbu nangawn a mangthang phialphial din’mun ahi hi. Minam sung pan pilna lam makaite leh a lunghimawh mimalte’ hanciamna tawh Zolai Simbu tan li ciang nei liailiai lai hi hang. Kumpi sang pan Zolai kisin lo seemseem-a, Pawlpite in khuakhal sangkhak sung-in hanciam-in i sin hi.

Zolai i gelh theih i simtheih hangin i zatna tangzai lo hi. Laikhak gelh nading, Biakinn-a labu et nading leh Lai Siangtho sim nading ciangciang bek hi tazen hi. Bang hanghiam cih leh i Zolai Simbu in Zo kampau sim thei ding, gelh thei ding (reading and writing) ciang bek ahi hi. Tua ban-ah, khangnote in Zolai tawm zat deuhdeuh uh-a, Zokam tawm pau seemseem uh hi.

Zolai Simbu tan li ciang i neih pen a bulpi hi-a, tua tungsiah sin beh nading nei nai lo hi hang. Ph. D pa zong Zolai tan li, mi dang khempeuh zong Zolai tan li bek mah i hi hi. Tua pen ahi mah ding ahi hi. Zolai tanli

nangawn a siam lo kitamzaw ta ahih manin dipkuat huai hi. 10 ong zo lo-te zong Zolai-ah tan li mah hi lel hi hang.

Zolai leh Zopau i puah i zuun ding Zo tate’ maban ahi hi. Kampau it-in i kep leh ninam it-a ngeina keemte i hi ding hi. Khuang leh zam, puandum leh puan laisan, salu saki-te sangin kampau sungah ngeina kim zaw hi. Kep i sawm nak leh, kuamah’n hong guuksak thei lo hi. Mei in kang ngei lo ding-a, ui in hong neeksak ngei lo ding hi. Ei’n i lung hihmawh kei leh hong lung himawh ding midang om lo hi.

Hih thu a phawk kha makaite in 1980 kum-in ZCLS na phuan uh-a, Linguistic Research Seminar bawl uh hi. Thu kizakna lai dingin (Quarterly news) a min "Zolai Zuunna" phuak ngiat uh hi. 1994-in ZOLUS kiphuan-a, Zolai leh Zopau lapsaan’ nading ahi hi. Lungdam huai mahmah hi. Hih bang kipawlnate in mailam-ah hong thupi seemseem ding-a, a sepkhiat sunsunte uh minam mualsuang hong suak ding hi.

ZCLS-ah 2005 thu kikupna (consultation) pan-in Zolai Simbu tan 10 dong neih theih ding nakpi takin kikupna om hi. Tua thu-ah tulai minam a it Zokam leh Zopau a puah nuam khempeuh mapan’ khop kul ding hi. Zolai sim thei-a gelh thei ciang bek tawh lungkim lo ding hi hang. Zokam kilam zia i sin kul ding hi. Zokammal thupite lai-in gelh-in laibu-in i kep kul ding hi. Khang thakte

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tungah i hilhsawn kul ding hi. I lunghihmawhsak kul ding hi.

Tua ahih manin i Zolai sinna "Zolai Simbu" pan Zopau sinna "Zopau Simbu" ah kal thak suan huai ta hi. Zo kampau kantelna "Zopau Simbu" sungah a nuai-a thulute a kisam bangin hel dingin kisam ka sa hi. Hih thulute a dawldawl-in khen-in minvawh lehang, tan 10 ciang tung lua mahmah ding hi. Research bawl-in, degree piak dongin vaihawm huai hi.

Hel Huai Thulute:

1. Laimung (consonant) neihzah leh a kizatna2. Awphei (vowel) neihzah leh a kizatna3. Kammal pian’ na’ng awmalte kigawm zia (syllable structure) 4. Awphei lamban (vowel assimilation)5. Awsang leh awniam (tone)6. Laigelh zia (orthography)7. Kammal kikhelte (Word alternation)8. Lakam9. Kammal tomlaakte (contraction)

10. Paunakte11. Tehpih kamte12. Kam kopte 13. Kammal thukte 14. Telgen kam kopte 15. A dang tampi omlai …

Thukhupna

Hih bangin thulu kaikhawm lehang kizomzom lai ding hi. Hih bang thulute a khiilkhiil-in khaikhawm-in, Zopau sinna Lai Simbu-ah a tantan in koih diimdiam le’ng; Pawlpi ciat-ah hih thu tangko-in khangnote sinsak le’ng; Hih thu a vaihawm phungpi nei-in, galsin theih dingin (correspondence) zong vaihawm leeng; A masa peen-in Zolai tan 10 ciang certificate bawl-in, mai lam-ah gam ki-ukna suahtak hun ciang University-te-ah Zolai subject khat a kisin thei ding textbook ciang a mansa-in koih dimdiam le’ng; cih ka sunmang ahi hi. Zolai simbu pan Zopau sinbu-ah galkah sawm dih ni.

[Hih lai, 07 JUL 05 THU ni-in kingah hi.]

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Tedim Zomite leh Kipawlna

Tg. Khup Khan Thang

Norman, OK, Oct 15,2003

I sanggam Laimite’n, “No Tedim mite, leitung mun khempeuhah om, leisung to le’ng zong om nuteh; ahih hang na naainawn’na khat-uh, Tedim mi 3 om le uh cin ngaihsutna 4 om pahpah,” hong ci uh. A maan dan, ei mi 3 pha le’ng, i lawmte’ aa tawh a kituak lo ngaihsutna khat ciat i nei pah-a, a kibang kha mi nih’ ngaihsutna khat tawh gawm. ngaihsutna 4 pha ngeei hi. Ih hamsiatna maw? hamphatna?

Ei Khamtung mite (Zomi, Laimi, Mizo, etc.) i omna gam pan leidang gamdangah mi 4 leh 5 bang i omleh, a tawm peen Pasian biakkhopna Fellowship ciang beek i phuan hamtang hi. Kipawlna kiphuan masa zaw-in, nungciang, Thukhun’ i bawl pan den hi.

1948 kum pawlin, Pu George Lian Cin Thang leh a lawm, Rangoon University sangnaupang pawlkhatte’ makaihna tawh kiphuan “Hill Chin Student Union” in, Kawlgam sung-a om ei Khamtung mite’ phuat masak peen, kipawlna hi kha ding hi. 1962 kum teh Revolutionary Council, Government-in, Rangoon A & S University huang sung-a om, Student Union Hall pi, dynamite tawh kapkham-a, Student Union teng phiatmaai hi.

1950 kum-a kipan Rangoon khuapi-ah a teeng Khamtung mi ki-om ta-a, University sang naupang zong kitam seemseem hi. 1952-53 pawlin, innbul Pu Khup Za Cin (Chin Trading Co.) makai-in, Khamtung (Zomi,

Laimi) University sangnaupang pawlkhat leh sumbawl khualzin mi pawlkhat tawh, Rangoon Chin Christian Association (R.C.C.A.) na phuan uh hi. A phuat na thu in hibang ahi hi. Pu Khup Za Cinte innkuan tawh a om khawm, a upa’ tanu Lia Dim Khan Cing in, Ideal Nursing Home (tu-a 30th St leh Merchant St corner-a MOC zumpi) pan, 1952 kum-in, leitung nusia-a, a kiphum/vui nading han kingah zo lo-a, hamsatna nasia takin kingah ahih manin, Zomi (Chin)-te khualna tawh Pu Khup Za Cin mahmah hanciam/makai-in, R.C.C.A. na phuankhia uh hi. (Dr. Vum Kho Hau genna pan kila hi.) 1967 kum pawlin ei Tedim Zomi innbul pawl khat makaihna tawh, tua R.C.C.A. pen, Rangoon Zomi Baptist (Ranzob)-in hong kheng uh-a, tu-a Lanmadaw biak-inn-a kikhawm pawl ahi hi. Hihte geel in leitung vai leh biakna vai tawh kiphuan Khamtung Zomite kipawlna masa peen-te geel hi pah dingin ka um hi. Kawlgam sung bangah, tu hun ciangin, a beh, a khua, a minam (Dim, Khuano, Saizang, Sihzang, Zo, etc.) kipawlna i phuan zuauzuau pong hi. Tua ahih leh kipawlna i cih in bang hiam?

Kipawlna tawh a kikhen thei lo “Meeting” i cih kammal in, Khamtung ei Tedim Zomi lak-ah, Japan gal (World War II) sung-a hong piangkhia hih tuak hi. (Japan-te a hong tun’ toh khit deuh uh-a kipanin, lai thei zaw deuh teng hong kan kawikawi-in hong khawm uh-a, Tedim phualpi-in kinei-in, “Leaders” kici mawkin, nasep kician meel

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zong om hi lo napi-in, kikhawm luailuai-in, ka ngaihsut kik ciangin tua hun-a kipan Khamtungah, “Meeting” a hong kizat masak peen hun hi-in ka muangmawh hi. 1956-57 kum Hill Chin Student Union Magazine, C.D.A. (Chin Defence Army) by Dr. Robert Vung Swan, M.B.B.S. sung pan a kila hi.}

Kipawlna: Ngimna, lam-etna, lunggulhna, a kibangte’n vai (purpose) khat peuh maa pang khawm dinga, mi 2 pan a tungsiahte’n vaihawm khawm ding hi hang ci-a, mimal khat ciat thukimna tawh pan’san a laak khopna, maa a pan’ khopna un, kipawlna ahi hi.

Pawlmi: Hih kipawlna ka thukimpih hi, ci-a, lungkimna, kipawlna ii Thukhun’ bangin, lai bek tawh ahi zongin, pawl lutna sum tawh ahi zongin, a lakkhia/apia-te in pawlmi ahi uh hi. Kumsum/khasimsum a piak lai teng, a hing (active) pawlmi hi-a, tua kipawlna sungah a kibang tavuan/mawhpuak leh hamphatna (right) nei-a, vote khat neipah-in amah zong makai ding-a a kiteel theihna hamphatna ngah pah hi. Pawl mimal khat in, i pawl makaite’n i thukhun’ tawh kituak-in hong makaih maw, makaih lo maw, cih zong etcik ding kisam hi. A lungkim lohna zong gen/pulak theina hamphatna nei hi.

Pawl makai: “Simbeng zong kim ciitciat taangzang kiguan” a cih mah bangin, pawlvai a vaan ding/a zun ding-a, pawl mipi in, a teel pazange in, pawl makaite ahi uh hi. Kipawlna khat pepeuh-ah a kipawl mimal kim in, sepkhop ngeeingaai theih om lo ahih manin, pawl mipi taang-in, pawl mipi’ thuneihnate, a zang khia ding-a, a tangzaang ding-a a kiteel mimalte hi uh-a, amau sung panin Pawl Lutang, Thu Vanpi, cih pan’munte a la ding kiteel lai hi.

Thukhun’/thumeilet: Pawlmi khempeuh’ thukimna tawh, zuih ding leh a hong cing/keem, lamlak ding-a a kibawl thu guipite ahi uh hi

Pawl min: Kipawlna khat pepeuh in “min” a neih loh phamawh hi. Ngimna/tupna (or) a kipawl mite’ nam min/khuamin/hihna (identity) (gtn., Zomi Innkuan, Galkap Lui Kipawlna, Falam Christian Fellowship, etc.)-te langhsak-in min kiphuak hi.

Thu Dotpi: Kipawlna a tam zaw in, pawlmi lak pan, a khangham khin, experience a nei pawlkhatte Thu Dotpi-in kikoih thei hi. Ahi zongin ei Tedim kipawlna pawlkhatte’n Thu Dotpi ding-a i teelte, siatvatna dan-a i tuat hi-a, Dot Loh Thu Dotpi suak pahpah hi.

Kipawlna khat pepeuh-ah hih a tung-a teng a om lo phamawh hi. Ei Tedim mite’n kipawlna pen toi tak leh thuk tak-in ngaihsun (think deeply and narrowly) kha pahpah hi hang.

Kei’ experience zui-in ci le’ng, ei Tedim mite’n makai khat pepeuh i et ciangin, ama hih theih siamna (Ability) sang-in a hihna (Identity) en zaw kha pahpah hi hang. (Gtn: I pawl lutang pa Hang Sai maw, tua khuate, tua pa’ ta hi lel lo maw!) Tua hangin thusim lo pah, a thu maang nuam lo pah. Tua mah bangin makaite’n zong a power hong lak nuam pah, dictatorship hong zang pah. (Vice versa hi.) Makai siam i kisap mah bangin nungzui siam zong kisam hi hang.

A diakdiakin ei Kawlgam Zomite sungah, kipawlna Pawllutang (President) in kipawlna ii thuvatsatna (Resolution), pawlpi’ thukhun’ behlap ding/paihkhiat ding

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(Amendment) etc.-te ama’ thu bek tawh a kheel thei ziauziau ding thuneihna (Mandate) a nei kisa kha pahpah hi. Pawlmite leh a dang pan’mun en (E.C. )-te’n zong, pawllutang in tua thuneihna a nei na sa lai mawk uh hi. Theihkhialhna bulpi ahi hi. Tua hangin pawllutang thak i kiteel sial-in vai thak kinei den keei hi.

Ei mite pen, a masa peen, a vaihawm peen ki-ut den bilbel hi. Tua mahbangin ei a vaihawm pawl-ah i kihel kei nak leh zong, kipawlna hoih ta leh hoih ta kei leh kilangpan’ nuam pian pah se hi. A thupi peen in, na pan’pih nop kei leh nawngkai sak ke’n! Ei milakah, mi gen ham pawlkhat ki-om-a, tuate in:

1. Laitan (Degree or Diploma) khat nei-in, a pilpen a kisa pahte.

2. Laitan nei takei leh a tangpil kisa-a, mi dangte a thusimlo pahte.

3. Khualzin gamvak zo kawikawi-a, a thei peen a kisa pahte.

4. Sum leh paai hau pongin, a siam peen a kisa pahte.

5. Bangmah a theih loh lam a thei lote.

6. Din’mun kician meel nei lo-a, a gualzo pepeuh, baak bang-a, a beel pahpahte.

7. Kiphat/pok leh, Kawlte ciamnuih kam bang-a, ciltang kigaak liang-a, a laam (Dance) pahpahte leh mi a hai phatphatte. A laamte sang-in a phatte poi zaw lai.

8. Mi’ khut bek t awh gul a man nuam pahte.

9. Sakhuai bang-a, mi holhthawh-a, a sutuah pahpahte.

Kei leh nang zong. hih sung khat teeiteei-ah kihel pah lel ding hi hang. Tu hun ciang ei Zomi khangthakte’n, Civic, Ethic, Etiquette, Manner cihte kinei nawn vet lo hi. Zo ngeina cih zong kithei nawn lo hi.

Leitung vai kipawlna leh biakna i mehkhop teh kimeh khia pahpah hi. Siang tak-a khen sinsen ding kisam hi. Hih leitung kipawlnate-ah zong biakna seem siate mah zong hong makai lel ding, ahi zong thukhun’te zui-in, biakna pawlpi bangin hong makaih kei peuh leh kitelkhialhna om tuan lo hi.

Leitung gam khat ahi zongin,

kipawlna khat pepeuh ahi zongin, mipi’ thu

neihna a zangkhia dinga, mipi in muan’na

tawh a teel makaite’n, mipi ki-uk nading/a

zuih ding/a cing ding-a, mipi thukimna

tawh kibawl thukhun’te, guptuam

paihtuam om lo, kideidanna om lo-in, a

gamsung/kipawlna sung-a mipite tungah a

kibang/kikim-in hong zat leh, tua

gam/kipawlna in, a khangto gam/ kipawlna

hi pah hi.

Takkheh! Leitung bup Zomi kipawlna khat, i phuat zawh nadingin, i pilna, i thagui thatang, i neisa i lamsa teng suuk dih ve ni e, seino gual aw.

Hih article pen, lai-at pa in ama’ phuutkhak thute tungtawn-a, Tedim Zomi context-a, tomkim-in, a at hi-a, kipawlna a pawlpawlte’ zat dan tawh zong kibang kim lo kha ding hi.

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Lai at pa’ tangthu a tom-in:

1. 1978 Bachelor of Engineering (Civil), Rangoon Institute of Technology. (Thesis: “A study on pot filter for household use” guided by World Health Organization (WHO) Visiting Prof. Mazumda. Tu-in Yangon Unicef makai-in, WHO project huhna tawh, Yangon leh Pago kiim khuate-ah innsim-ah kizangsak hi.

2. 1979 A.E. (Work Charge), Nakzang Bailey Bridge Construction, Chin State.

3. 1979-83 A.E. (Work Charge), Rural Water Supply Division, Agricultural Mechanization Department, Rangoon.

4. 1983-89 Project Assistant, Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Section, UNICEF, Rangoon.

5. 1989-93 United Nations Volunteer, Technical Officer, Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation, UNICEF, Thimphu, Bhutan.

6. 1993-98 Site Engineer, Site Manager, Project Engineer, in various Building Construction Companies, Singapore.

7. 1996 President, Chin Christian Fellowship, Singapore

8. 1997-98 Pawl Lutang, Zomi Innkuan (Singapore)

9. 1998- 98 (Nov) Pawl Lutang, Zomi Innkuan (Singapore)

10. 2001 Social and Culture Secretary, International Zomi Fellowship, Tulsa, U.S.A.

11. 2002 Finance Secretary, International Zomi Fellowship, Tulsa, U.S.A.

12. 2000-02 Sushi Chef, Sushi in the Raw, Tulsa.

13. 2002 Diploma in Practical Ministry, Victory Bible Institute, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

14. 2002- to date, Sushi Contractor, Norman, Oklahoma.

[Hih lai, 16 JUN 05 SUN ni-in kingah hi.]

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Brief Review (Etkikna Tomno):

Tedim BEHS No. 1 Golden Jubilee Magazine

Tg. Hau Za Cin, Shillong

Hih magazine ka sim leh Zomite’ History tampi ka thei hi. Hih bang magazine tampi bawl ding hoih sa ing. Hih magazine panin 1880’s zawh ciangin Zomite in lai (Kawllai, Mikanglai, Zolai) kisin pan hi cih ka thei hi. A sin masate bang pen sawl zawh thu leh naseem thei lo teng hi ta zen hi. (Tu hun tan-in zong a hi lai hiam?) Pilna a kideih taktak pen Japan gal zawh, mite’ pilna i muh pan Zomite’n nei uh-a, tua ma Piancit pai zawh-in paltan tum ding thupi kisa peen hi.

Lai i neihna mun tampi-ah kigelh-a, 1892-in American Baptist Mission-te in Tura, Meghalaya, India ah kikhoppi nei-in, tua lai-ah Zomite’ lai ding ‘Romanised alphabet’ bawlsak ding cih thukhenna om hi. Tua pan Zolai tuni-a i zat pen 1924-in hong piangkhia hi. Tua kikal kum 32 kivei man hi. A taktakin ci le’ng Zolai i neih pen 1900 cih ding hi. 1990 kum-in Pau Cin Hau in lai hong bawl-a, tua pen a phuah tawmm zong hi lo, Pasian’ piak hi-a, mi tampi in sin-in 1901-1936 kikal-in Zogam bup-ah kizang hi. 1937 ciangin Mualtung Thuhilhna zong kikhen-a, tua manin Zomite’ lai pen Cope hong bawlsak hi lo-in Pau Cin Hau hong bawlsak hi zaw hi. Tua hi-a lai tawh kisai-in Pau Cin Hau a bulpi ahih lohna om lo hi.

Rev. Paul Thuam Thang la kam zat dan siam sa ing. Zokam a siamna in lungsim hong lawng mahmah hi. Amah’n lianu hoihna mit tawh muh bangin i mitkha-ah hong lak thei hi.

(p.195),“Ngek ngii-ngeei-in ngaihbaang a’i ve,A ngeksen lai nangawn in nohnoh ding-a ngaihbaang hi ve’n…. Maitai takin nui siusiau-a…” a cihte;

“Tawlnga hithiat-a husang-in, Nui le laam-a zaila awi-in…”a cihte in a hihna bang tak, tel,tak ol tak-in gen hi (p. 239).

“Lungkham meiipi hong ziin’ hangin Tunnu sakmeel ni bang taang hi …”a cih in leitung lungkhamna haksatna i tuah ciangin zong i nu itna sungah maitai kingahin i nu itna thuuk zia hong langkhiasak hi.

Col. H. Kam Pum’ laigelh siamna pen a muh bang teekteek-in ei zong hong mu tawmmsak thei-a, kammal ol nono tawh gelh ziau hi.

Rev. Job Thawngno in Zomite maban ding a gen pen in i lai it taktakte leh Zomite tavuan lianpi hong guan-a, ahi zongin sep ding khempeuh i sep khop dingin hong gen siam kik hi.

Maj. S. Khup Cin Pau (Rtd) in i Zolai gelh zeelzeel ding a hoihna leh Zolai gelh ciangin hici zaw leh cihte (critique) i gelh a kulna, a phattuamna hong lak-a, lai peuhmah a khan’ nadingin a gensia hat mahmah a om

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kul hi, ci hi. S. Ngin Suanh in Pau Cin Hau tangthu

a gelhna hoih-a, ahi zongin a kum koih lo ahih manin puahphat lai ding kisam sa ing.

H. Gin En Cin in a gelh Khangluite Kidemna pen hoih zaw seem, kim zaw, huamzau zaw-a gelh dingin hoih sa ing. Tua hi leh Doctorate muhna dingin cing ding hi. S. Ngin Suanh’ gelh Pau Cin Hau tangthu zong tua bang mah e!

A magazine buppi tawh kisai-in Endikpu in a etdik ding omlai sa ing. p.192-ah H. Chin Khen Mang’ la ‘Puan ka silh theihma-in puan n’ong silhsak-a, khedap ka bulh theih ma-in n’ong bulhsak hi’ cih thu-ah ‘puan silh theih ma-a tate puansilh sak Nu pen nu hoih nu manpha hi lo ding hi. Puanlum tawh a tuam ding hi. Khedap bulh thei lo bulhsak zong nu gina sep ding hi lo hi. An tak ne thei lote pakan, kuang tawh lui tawh kibang hi.

Tua ciangin Tedim Sang Siapi in tulai tak-a Sang thu a tomkim-a a gelh ding kilawm sa ing. Tu hun-a sangsiate leh sang naupangte lim zong tuang leh hoih ding hi. Jubilee zang napi

a zangte’ maan tuang lo, a zanglo teng maan tuan’ zawk pen Endikpu in a laimai hawmthawh lua maw, hih manlo maw, hih nuam lo maw? Tua ciangin Tedim khuapi nekzonna, mawtaw lampi, khua mi pha zah, etc. zong a tuan’ ding hoih hi.

A tawpna ah mi masate’ tangthu a koih uh hoih sa ing. Amau zahtakna, pahtawina leh phawk tawntungna ahih ban-ah amau nun’taakna pan sin ding tampi omte hong lak in, hong hansuah hi. Amau’ hanciamna zahin hanciam leeng, tulai Zonote zong a lawh cing lo ding om lo hi hang cih hong theisak hi. Amaute i zahtak-a, i thupisak hi. Midang tampi hong piang lai dingte leh hel dinga kilawm hel khak lohte zong mai lam hun-ah guan’ zeel dingin a tangthu uh kan sa-in koih-in hi leeng hoih ding hi. Ni dang ciangin muh kik haksa thei-in thu kanna nawngkaai thei ahih manin.

(Dear Editor aw, hih pen Shillong pan ka gelh hi-a, a suahna ding ka muh loh manin tuni tan ka keem hi)

[Hih lai, 03 AUG 05 WED ni-in kingah hii.]

Curriculum vitae

Hauzachin SuanteSenior Project ScientistC/o Dr. S. Sundar Manoharan

Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Tel. : 91-512-2596043.Kanpur 208016, India E-mail: suante2002@yahoo.com

Personal profile:

• Unau nga lak pan a thumna dingin Pa Pum Do Lian and Nu Ciin Zam Cing (L) te sung pan March 27, 1974 ni-in piang hi. Permanent address: Murlen village, B.P.O. Murlen,

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P.O. Champhai – 796321, Mizoram, IndiaEducational qualifications:

• 1990 kumin tan sawm (first division) Govt. Gandhi Memorial H/S School, Champhai, Mizoram, India pan zo;

• 1996 kumin B. Sc. (first class) St. Anthony College, Shillong, India pan zo leuleu;

• 1998 kumin M. Sc. (first class) North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong pan zo kik;

• 2004 (Nov. 05, 2004) kumin Ph.D. (Chemistry) North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India pan zo leuleu hi. PhD thesis: “Kinetic Studies on the Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids by Quinolinium Dichromate”

• 2004 (Nov 11) pan tuni ciangdong IIT Kanpur ah postdoctoral researcher seem. Research publications and paper presentation:

• Published 18 (eighteen) research papers in international research journals.

• Presented two research papers at national level scientific conferences.

• Attended three national level scientific conferences during his PhD studies.Awards:

• 1991 - 1996: Post-Matric Scholarship from the Govt. of Mizoram (for B.Sc.).

• 1996 –1998: Higher & Technical Ed. Scholarship, Govt. of Mizoram (for M. Sc.).

• 2000 - 2003: Research Fellowship, Govt. of Mizoram (for Ph.D. Programme).

Dr. Hau Za Cin

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Millenium Lungdam Bawl, Lamka-ah

Tg. Hau Za Cin, Shillong

(Dear Editor, Ka diary ka e tkik leh ka Lamka zinna hih bangin na tuang-a, suaksak dingin hoih na sak leh ci-in k’ong khak hi - HZC)

Leitung hun leh nite’n mual khum-in Millenium Lungdam Bawl hong nai ciangin kei zong ka siam sinna Shillong pan, Lamka-ah Lungdam Bawl zang ding-in ka khensat hi. December 20, 2000 ni-in Shillong nusia-in Lamka ka zuan-a, New Lamka-a om ka pa Thang Nang-te’ inn, cidamin December 21, 2000 ni-in ka tung hi.

New Lamka pen ka khatvei paina hi nawn lo-a, tansawm ka zawh-in College kahna ding zongin Manipur ka pai lai-in zong kha khat ka taamna sa hi. St. Paul’s Institute-ah Nipi Sang kah-in Sia Gen Than Lian in May, 1991 kha sung Pasian’ thu hong hilh hi. Tua ka taam sung mah-in CBA tangmi-in Synod Hall-ah Environment Week Seminar (ka nau Ciang Luan Niang tawh) ni sagih sung ka kah hi. 1992 Lungdam Bawl, 1980 kumtawp Masi puanthak lei cih bangin ka zin ngei-a. Murlen pan 1988 kum-a peem, ka ni Zam Luan Cing-te (tu’n Hebron Veng-ah teeng) ka khak lai-in zong Lamka pen ka meltheih mahmah khin ta hi. 1994 December kha-in zong ka U Awi Sial Cing, Pearsonmun kiangah zin ka hih manin New Lamka-ah bel mikhual banga kikoih lo-in, ka ki-inntek ak mahmah hi.

Ka pian’na khua Bualkot-ah CBA ka meltheih zo hi. Tua lai-in biakinn pen ka innkong sak uh a hih manin kikhop ni sim-in tawntek vai-in ka buai den hi. Ka pi in hong

kikhoppih-in, ka pi tawh ka ton zeel uh hi. Ka naupang thu theih danin tua zawh a sawt lo-in Bualkot CBA kiphiatin a tawpna-ah Pa Neng Khaw En bek pawlmi om hi. Tua zawh-in Biakinn kiphel-a, tawntek ka vai leeuleeu uh hi, cih ka thei hi. Bualkot pan kum 1981-in Murlen-ah ka peem uh-a, kum 3 sung Presbyterian-ah ka om zawh uh ciangin 1983 December ciangin CBA phut-in tua-ah ka kikhawm kik uh hi. Tua pan CBA pen ZBC tawh kilaih kik-a, tuni ciang dong tua kizang suak hi.

Millenium Lungdam Bawl zang dinga New Lamka ka zin ciangin New Lamka Biakinn zong nidang sangin na hoih zaw hi. Biakinn kipeh thuah ahih manin a sung lian zaw-a, tutphah hoih nono kigual hi. Zan ihmu man lo honkhat zong nuam takin lusu ngeungeu uh-a, kikhop zong nuam-in thunget kikhawm zong tam hi.

Pawi annekna ni nih (December 24 leh 25, 2000) ahih manin December 23 zan pan kikhop kipan-a, Thulu: ITNA hi. Pasian in mihingte hong it man-a a tapa neihsun hong piakna tawh kituak ka sa hi. BYF lapawl zong siam, “Leitung nuam na’ng Topa hong pai (Joy to the World)” cih la hong sak uh pen cimul tho zungzung hi. Nungakte in puanpaak silh-in leh niikvom teeng uh, tangvalte’n puanpaak tung-ah puan tungsilh vom leh pheituam vom teeng uh-a, pulpit mai-ah kigual phei diudeu uh hi. Tua lam tua zah hi leh.

Millenium Lungdam Bawl sunga ka

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observation (muhna) pawlkhat leh lungsim hong lawngkha diak pawlkhat gen ni.

1. New Lamka biakinn sung-ah thu pulaakte zat ding lectern khat om-a, a mai lam-ah Singlamteh lim tuang hi. Biakinn zeemte in pakkual khai uh ahih manin tua snglamteh liah-a, kimu thei lo hi. I kizepna te in Topa meel a liah kha hiam cih hong ngaihsun sak hi. 2. BYF lapwl-te’n uniform nei tuan lo puan tuamtuam silh-a, phatna la hong sak uh ciangin Jesuh Singlamteh phung-ah kuamah kidang lo, mi khempeuh hong itna hong lak, ka sa hi. Lapawl sate pen laisiam pilna sin vive hi uh-a, a hun awng uh thanuam takin pawlpi’ aadingin pia uh hi cih ka za hi. Pilna sin khangnote makaih ding hi zaw lo ding hiam ka ci kha liang hi.

3. Leengkhawmna-ah nungak tangval sangin nupi papi tam zaw mawk hi. Mizoram ko Murlen pawlpi tawh ka teh ciangin.... New Lamka khangnote koi-ah taimang khin uh hiam ka ci kha hi. Lawmlawm hong ci kei un. Lengkhawmna pen nupi papite’ aading bek hi lo-in, khangnote’ aading zong hi lo ahi tam ci ing.

4. Puteek khat in Pasian phatna la hong sa-a, puteek Pasian phatna la sa nuam ka muh-in ka paakta mahmah hi. Laphuakpa khat in, “Ka hu bei dong …hong phat ning…”

5. Pangzawl-ah Lungdam Bawl ni nihna zing kikhop ka kikhop leh naupangno khat in ZBC No. 348 hong teel-a, ‘Topa’ min leh Ama’ thu-ah ka maizum ngei kei ding…’ cih la, deihna lungsim nei tua naupangno thupi ka sa hi. Lecturer tanu a hih man hi ke’n teh, Pasian a it man hizaw ding hi, ka ci hi.

6. New Lamka Nipi Sang sangnaupang Thang Lam Cin in, ‘Nipi Sang kah kim letsong’ hong saan’ ciangin ka koi hiam khat hong lawng hi. Amah pen Murlen khua pan Lamka-ah sangkah hi-a, a papi kiang-ah om hi. Nipi Sang kah gige-a, pelh ngei lo hi cih ciamtehna laipi ahih manin ka lungdam-a, mailam limci ka sa hi. Naupangno khat in innlum nusia-in pilna zong-a, ahi zongin a pilna sinna-ah Topa nusia lo hi. Topa in zong nusia lo ding hi.

7. Siapi Hau Khen Pau in a sanginn, Pawlpite Lungdam Bawl leh Kumthak pawi zatna dingin pia hi. Ka zaak kikna ah ‘St. Paul’s sanginn in thupha sangin tansawm exam-ah kuamah kia ngei lo uh hi’ cih hi. Topa’ aading-a a piate Topa’n dimkik hi!!

8. Dr. Piangpu Hatzaw pen Zomi doctor ka muh masak peen hi. Mizoram-ah Zomi doctor om lo hi. Dr. Hatzaw pen kum 1991-in Vapar kikhoppi siim-in hong pai-a, zingsang sim-in cina en-a, et man la lo-in, a ut peuh ki-ensak-a, mi tampi in phattuampih uh hi. Ahi zongin siavuanpa Millenium Lungdam Bawl ma-in sihngam-in na ngei hi. Ahi zongin Millenium LungdamBawl-ah leengkhawm thanuam peen khat hi cih ka mu-a, ‘amah a beel mite, Topa’n limtak-in keem hi’ cih ka phawk hi.

9. Sia Sut Khan Thang pen 1990 kum-in Champhai ah sia seem-in hong om-a, Biakinn kong mai lei to-in na ka sep khawmpih ngei khat hi. ‘Lawm Cin’ ci-in hong sam-a, kei’n ‘sia Thang’ ci-in ka sam hi. Kum sawm paisa huna biakinn kong mai lei to pa pen tuni-in Executive Secretary seem cih ka muh ciangin Topa in a zat peuh mah niamsak lo-in laamto zaw hi cih ka ciamteh hi.

10. Nupi tampi in Kumthak ni-in Biakinn-ah kumlui sung a Topa’ kepna teci pang uh-a dam

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lohna pan damna-ah, haksatna pan nopna-ah a domto Topa a phat uh ciang a innkuan uh Topa tungah a ap khit dan uh kilang ka sa-a, ‘Topa tungah na vaikhempeuh ap in…’ a cih hong phawksak hi.

11. Kumkhat sunga pawlpi in annkuang uumkhopna a neih sunsun hi napi, innkuan pawlkhat, pawlpi-te tawh ankuang uum lo-a, a tuam-a amau’ inn-ah anhuan ka muh ciangin lamdang ka sa hi. A gen dan ding tuam thei kei ing, lamdang sa ing!!

12. Anneek khopna-ah kituak tak-a ne diamdiam, an kham ciang midang nawngkaisak lo cihte leh BYF-te ankuang lui, annkung sengg kizen taka khuai vaitung mah hong bangte ka muh ciangin ‘nuam ka sa hi’.

13. Sihna daak khat hong ging-a, kei zong han to dingin ka kuan hi. Han to ding-a kuan hi napi nungak tangval han to lo, a kiim a paam-a ‘tu maimai’ ciamnuih peuh gen-a ciakciakte ka muh ciangin lamdang ka sa hi. Han to dinga kuan, khut buan lo-a inn tung kik ka muh khakte in saupi hong ngaihsun sak hi. Khan’tohna na hi lo hi.

14. Zan ciangin misi inn-ah leengkhawmin nungak tangval kipai hi. Tua lai-ah zong a holim, buangnai hai, kuhva haai, a nui, a ihmu cihte in ‘Zomi hih nuamsak lo’ hi. Nungak tangval kiheelna mun bang zang’; lawmngaihte tawh tutkhawmna ding beka zang

pawl khawng om hi leh kilawm ka sa hi. Sigal hih lam kithei lo zah-a ‘khua heek lo’ lia-le-tang pawlkhat om hi-in ka thei hi. Laisiamna bek pilna hi lo hi cih ka gen nuam hi. Lamka pen laisiam omna khua ci-in kithei hi. Mizoram-ah Lamka lamte’n English thei khin dingin ki-um hi. Ahi zongin ‘manner and etiquette’ nei lo i hih leh bel i lai theih bek pilna hi dek lo hi cih phawk kik ni.

15. Lengkhawm tawp bek takin ‘bawng hon khah’ bang keek-in kiphu henhan-in innpua delh ngeeingaai cih pen ka khatvei muhna leh ka khatvei theihna ahih manin lamdang ka sa hi. Tawp ding a ngaklah bang keek-in, sigal hih lam kithei lo keek-in, gualnopna bang keek-a gamtaang cih pen a dahte tawh dahkhawm lo i hiam ka ci hi. Tua bangin zangh ding i hih leh pai dah-in lengkhawm dah mai le’ng misite’ adingin tangzaang zaw lo diam. A thuakpih a dahpih ngei lo i paikhop ngeeingaai pen innteekte’ aadingin dah huai zaw seem hi.

Pupa hunin mi thanuam, phatuam ngai, lawmte hun-a si ngam galhangte kimangngilh lo-a, ki-etteh-in, kipahtawi hi. Lamka khangnote thu kihilh ngei lo uh ahi tam peuh ka ci-a, Lamka khangnote in nu leh pa nei lo uh ahi tam peuh ka ci hi. A taktak-in ci le’ng amau sanga hun hoih nei zaw leh pilna sinna hun tam zangh zaw Zomite lak ah om lo hi si-a!!!

[Hih lai, 03 AUG 05 WED ni-in kingah hii.]

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Kum 2050 ciang Zomite koi -ah?

Kigawm Ding Maw, Kikhen Zaw Ding?

Tg. Hau Za Chin, Shillong

“Pan’khawm hatna hi” cih pen Zomite’n tel zo taktak lo i hiam?

Tu laitak i pai dan a kihei hoih kik ahih liang kei leh tu zawh kum 50 ciang peuhmahin bel, i minam min leh paute, ngeina leh biaknate hong kivalhtum (assimilate) ding hi. Hong kivaltum kei leh a hampha ci ni. Beh min tuamtuam leh ‘tribe’ thak neu cikcik piangpiang ahih mah bangin tuate tuhun saangin uang zaw ding hi. I min phuak dan leh kizepnate zong westernized mahmah ding-a, kuamah in pian’na nu leh pa phawk nawn lo-in, aangsung thei tak-in amah bek kikhual ta ding hi. Zi leh pasal neih masak sese loh-in zong a ut peuhpeuh lumkhawm zialzial ta ding-a, teengkhawm (living together)-in, mopawi leh mokhak cihte kuamah in thusim nawn lo ding hi. Midang’ aading poi lua ahih kei-a, nang nuam na sak hi peuh leh ‘Hihsuk mai in,’ cih - ‘Just do it’ hi khin ding hi. Tua teng bek hi lo ding-a, a nuihzaak huai, a zahmawh lua, a kihhuai, a zakdah huai, etc. etc. tampi — gen nop tawh gen nop loh tawh piang lai ding hi. Tua hun pen Zomi a kici, minam min a it lia leh taangte (a om khak leh) aadingin vanpi hong kia bang ding hi.

A tung-a bang hi lo-a, Zomite i kipumkhat kik-a, eekthem ciacia-a kikhen’ neuhneuhte i tawpsan leh bel Tg. Pauno lasak hong tangtung ding-a, “Zogam hong paal ding hi.”

Mipilte’n leitung-ah mihing nam nih om hi, ci uh hi. Lametna-nei leh lametna-bei (optimist and pessimist). Kei pen Zomite

kipumkhat ding cih thu-ah bel a nunung zaw hi phot ing. Bang hang-in maw? Sia Job Thawngno in ‘Zomite pen a pil zo taktak lo minam hi mawk hang’ a cih pen maan lua, dik lua, cent per cent hi mawk hi ve’n. Sia Pum Za Thang in Zomite kipumkhat theih loh dan pen ‘ankhing lom khop theih loh bang hi’ a cih pen ka saan’ dan hi.

Kipumkhatna ding tawh kisai-ah ‘lametna-bei’ ka hih manin kum 2050 AD cianga Zomite’ om dan ding hong gen sawm ka hi. Huih hoih hong nung-a, hong leh-seem-a ‘Zogam hong paal khak taak leh lah kei a khial hi mai ning. Ka muh kholh dan dik lo cihna himai hen la!!

Pil taktak lo i hih manin minam min khat bek neih ding cih ciangin piang thei lo hi. Taan giat ka sim lai-in Ngur khua-ah Zomi Nam Ni kizang-a, Champhai-ah First World Zomi Conference om hi. Tua hun-a kithang mahmah pen ‘kipumkhatna ding ahih leh minam min ding uiphuk kici le’ng zong phamawh kei’ cih thu hi. Tuhun-in minam min dingin Zomi cih a deih lo om lo-a, ahi zongin piang thei tuan lo hi (ngak lah lua ka hih leh hong maisak in la). Pil taktak lo i hih manin neu cikcik-a kikhen zeizai mah thupi kisa mawk hi. Vokpi in a manpha mahmah diamond tang khat saang-in vokkuang sunga buhvai dim diahduah thupi sa zaw hi!!

A kipumkhat thei lote hi hang.

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Gentehna dingin, Zomite teen’na khua khat ahi i omna Shillong khua sung en dih ni. Kei’ theihna ciang bek hong gen ning. Kum 1991-in Shillong-ah Zosuan teng mun khat-ah kikhawm khawm-in Union Christian Fellowship kici hi. Tua pan-in sang naupangte in mailam saupi khualna tawh Zomi Christian Fellowship cih tawh kheek dingin ngaihsutna om hi. A pian’ theih loh ciangin U leh Z kikhopna a tuamin om hi. Tua bang sung pan huih sia hong nung-in kikhenzaak nopna lungsim hong piang tam deuhdeuh-a, ahi zongin tua dalna dingin U mah-ah kigawm kik-in huih sia hong theeu hi. Hun hong pai toto-a, Zomite’n ‘zawl lui leh lam lui kingilh mawh’ i cih bangin i hihna ngeina mahmah-ah bual kik ciat dingin Pawlpi tuamtuam (Lamka-ah pawlpi omzah mah Shillong-ah Zomite biakna om ta, a zumhuai lam i thei hiam) hong piang toto hi. Hih pen khangsawnte’n hong zuun toto ding-a, i hici toto ding-a, a uang lam-in (tuhun a bat leh) i mainawt lai ding-a, Zono hong piang lai dingte masuan ding i koihsak ‘kituam etna’-te hih bang ahih ciangin tu zawh kum 50 pen limci tak-a Zomite kigawm nai loh hun tawh hong tung pah ding hi.

A bawngbawngin om tuam liilei ding i hih manin hong assimilate ding Mikangte leh Vaite’ aadingin haksa lo ding hi. I ngeina leh minte, i pau leh laamte tuni sang-in zahpih zaw lai tham ding i hih manin gulpi in uiphuk a valh sangin nawmvalh baih zaw ding hi hang. Tu mahmah-in zong hong valhsa uh tampi om ta hi. Numeite pasal kizepna tawh a kizep uh pen Zomi ngeina-ah om lo hi. Hih pen hong ki nawmvalhna ding khat hi. Ngeina laam leh late, minphuah dante nusia hiaihiai-in i tum hiaihiai ta hi. Bus nungzui khat in mawtaw hawlpa lamhilh hi veh aw — a nung kik pen, ‘tawm cik kik lai aw, tawmcik kik lai

aw,’ ci to ci to, a tawpna-ah ‘he, hunta ei, lamkhang-ah kikhuk suk lian ta-in teh…’ a cih tawh lamkhang-ah kikhuk suk pah hi, kici hi. Tawmcik tawmcik i cih pen tawmcik lo hi, ‘suneu zong supi suak’ kici hi ve’n!!

Tuni-a i zat minam min dan-a i zat ciauciaute tawh kum 50 kinungta zo lai diam? Leitung khua-ta (village) bang-a thu kizakna a manlangna-ah i hing zo diam? Zomi a dam zo diam? Leitung bup-ah a minthang zo Greek pau tuni-in a khan’ deuhdeuh kei leh mihing khutme tawh sim zawh lel ding-te zat’ Zokam i hin’ suah zo diam? Kigawm ding maw, kikhen zaw ding? Cingno, Japan pai ding maw, Tedim-ah om zaw ding? I kigawm ding bel um ke’ng — bang hangin maw? Pil zo taktak lo, neu tung pan lungsim neu ding kipattah. Sang naupang kipawlna zong a neu theithei thupi bawl. Kuamah ki-huai se lo-in, kituam bawl zaw. Kigawmna piang thei vet ke’n teh, hih bang tawh.

Kigawm sawm nawn lo zaw-in, eima’ thupi sim ciat tawh lungkim ni ci leeng, a thukimsa tampi om ni. A thukim tam zawk man mah-a, a hau deuh, a om thei deuh, a lian deuh, a neu deuh, a pil deuh, a hai deuh, Pasian thei deuh, laisiam deuh cih bang i omsak-a, i kikhen demdam hi! I puatham bek kamsiam-in i lungsim tawng-ah gulpi kual-a, hong nawmvalh dingin kimansa hi. Pasian’ naseem ding Tedim, kumpi nasem ding Paite, Galkap ding Vaiphei, etc. cih bang kamteh ka za ngei hi. Tua pen sep theih lam hi. Tempaina zong kici hi. Tua bang i gente pen minam dan in paisak lo-in, tuate mangngilh-in, mun khat-ah kigawm ta peuh leeng — nuam ding maw, nuam lo ding? Nuam lua zaak ding hi. (zoplai ding) (Dear Editor, Hih pen PhD ka sin lai-in Shillong-ah ka gelhsa hi)[Hih lai, 03 AUG 05 WED ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zomi leh Pilna Zon’na

Tg. Hau Za Cin, Shillong

Zomite pen a gamleek mahmah, a hanciam nam, leitung buppi pen ‘Zogam hi’ a ci nuam phial i bang hi. I nawksuk i nawkto-a, khuapi khempeuh zong ‘ka pute’ khua hi’ ci zah ding phial-in i ki-innteeksak hi. Nasep tuamtuam seem-in i kidelh zangzang-a, laisim, summeet bawl, siamna tuamtuam sin, pilna tuamtuam sin cih bangin leitung gam tuamtuam-ah i om hi. Tua pen i theihsa, a lungdam huai thu hi-in; Pasian’ thupha hi cih zong makaite leh Biakna siate in a gengen sa uh ahi hi. A kigengen lai ding zong hi lai hi. A sau tung peenpeen hi-a i ngaihsutte’n USA leh Europe gam tung-in, a gamla pai zo lote in zong nun’taakna tawmcik a phatuam zaw gam leh khua-ah teeng ta hi. Hih pen civilization kici-a, leitung mihingte’ khan’tohna cihna hi. Zomite zong, “leitung khan’tohna tawh kituak-a khangto,” cihna ahi hi. Hih khan’tohna tawh nupa banga a kikhen thei lo thu khat pen Science pilna sinna hi.

Science lama khan’tohna hangin leitung pen ‘global village’ (Leitungkhua ci ni) kici-a, khuata khat bangin ki-uk khat-a thupiang khempeuh leitung kiu lang khat pan zong kithei pahpah hi. TV tungtawn-in meel kimu-in, telephone zangh-in ‘aw kiza tuah-in’ kiho thei-in, silh leh teen’ kikhak-in, mehteh mehgah i kipuak ziauziau thei-a, lawmta lokuan khawm bangin thu khempeuh i kihilh thei hi. Science pilna zon’na-ah Zomite bangciang i tungta hiam? Bang maban nei lai? Kua tawh pang khawm-in kua’ sum zang ding? Tua pilna bangci zat ding i hi hiam cihte i siam bangin kikum ni.

Kei’ theihna ciang-ah science tawh Ph.D. zosa Dr. Zam Khen Thang (Computer Sience, France) leh Dr. Vum Son (Geology, Germany) om pan hi. Leitung-ah science pilna nei lo gamte khangto taktak thei lo hi. Milip tawmcik pha Israel-te zong science pilna nei a tam man-un leitung mite’ theih, zat, thudot suak-in kineu koih thei lo hi. Leitung ah Israel minam sung pan Nobel Prize ngah scientist tam peen hi. (Pawlkhatte in Olive gah a neek den uh pen pil lawh uh hi, ci uh hi). A dang hang ahi phial zongin, a kuhkal hang uh hi zaw hi. Khapi tung kah lai-a America Scientist minthang Von Braun pen Germany gam pan hong pai Judah mi hi. [Laigelhpa in Albert Einstein a ci nuam ahi zaw tam maw? Einstein bel German Jew hi-a, Wernher von Braun bel Jew hi lo hi. -- Editor.] Israel gam-a Hebrew University pen leitung-ah Research hihna dinga University minthang peen pawl hi.

Nidanglai-in Israel-te pen a omna peuhpeuh uh-ah a kibawlsia, a sep khat peuhpeuh uh a siamneel ngei loh nadinga namdangte’n a khentuam cinten uh ahi hi. Tua bang-a mituambawlna hangin hong zawng deuhdeuh uh-a, sing aat, tuitawi, lukhu bawl, puankhui, sikseek cih bangin mi’ sep nop loh teng seem-in sum thalawh tawmm uh-a, a sum muh sunsun uh tawh a tate uh sangkahsak-in, pilna sin dingin tuition lasak uh hi. A laisiam deuhte sangsia, lawyer (sitni, ukil), sumkheek, sumbawllian, khutsiam, lasiam, music siam cih bangin a hihna lam peuhpeuh uh-ah mi tung-ah leeng uh hi. Kum 1930’s hun in

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Cambridge University-ah Mikangpau (English) siam vet lo Judah mi 6 sangkah-a, kum thum zawh a exam-na-ah mi 4 in first class ngah uh hi! Tua hun-in tuni-a Israel i cih gam om lo hi. German Nazi kumpi in tampi that-in, a si lo teng gamdang-ah tai-in leitung gam tuamtuam-ah kithehthaang uh hi. Judah mi pawlkhat Palestine gam (tua hun-in Mikang kumpi nuai ah omlai)-ah tai-in, sehnel gam gamkeu mun, a sum neih sunsun uh tawh Arab mite khut sung pan lei-in ‘Israel Veng’ cih phuak uh-a, huanbawl kipan uh hi. Laipilna nei vive ahih man-un kuhkal tak-a sepna gah uh lo-in gamkeu pen hong tuisuak (fertile)-in lenggah, olive and mangbuhhum hong ciing thei uh hi. A kiim-a Arab mite’ gamkeu omlaite zong man tam pipi-in lei behbeh-in nasep kuhkal seemseem uh-a, a sawtna ciangin Arab mite in khangto sa lua-in nawngkai sa uh, deep sa mahmah uh hi.

Galpi II-na hong bei ciangin Judah mi tampi Palestine gam-ah peemlut kik-in a teen’na teng uh amau’ gam dingin Israel ci-in phuak uh hi. Arab mite heh-in Israelte khempeuh tuipi sung-ah hawlkhia ding-in thaupi tawh kap-in galkap tampi in a luh uh hangin Israelte in sihngam-in na nang uh-a, lehdelh kik-in Arab gam tampi, Jerusalem nangawn, suhsak zaw uh hi. Tua hun pan-in tuni-a ‘Israel gam’ i cih hong piang hi. America gam-a Judah mi om khempeuh in sum leh paai tampi tawh Israel phungvuh-in, Israel gam sung economic hoihna dingin a sumte uh Israel-ah hong zat uh ciangin gam hau khat hong suak-a, neu et theih hong hi nawn lo hi. America gam-a om Israel mipite’ pilna hangin tuni dongin America in Israel hung-in pan’pih den hi. Tuni tan-in Arab gam tuamtuam — Egypt, Syria leh Lebanon — -te in Israel kap den uh-a, ahih hangin Israel in a gamgi pen akpi in a no a kha nuai-ah a humbit

bangin letmat khat zong khiin lo dingin humbit hi. Tuni tan-in Israel gam-ah buaina veng ngei lo hi.

Tulai tak-in Zomite zong Israel-te tawh i kibang hi. Mi’ sep nuam loh teng seem-in, gam khat pan hong kinawlkhin-in gamdang-ah i tai-a, i sum leh paai ngah sunsun tawh pilna i sin hi. I Zogam lah Palestine sehnel gam bangin keu-a, sialkum, hakai leh kawlkai cih loh leisung pan bangmah i tokhia nai kei hi. Mi’n pilna, amau innsung pan sin-a, Zomite in gamdang-ah sin hi mawk-a, haksatna tampi kibehlap hi. Ahi zongin i kuhkalna hangin taih-inn leh mawtaw nei zong i om veve hi. Sumhau, laipil zong i om-a, misiam leh hangsan zong i om hi. Tuate khempeuh Israel-te banga i kuhkalna hang hi-a, nikhat ni ciangin Israelte banga mi’n hong nawlkhin theih loh hun, gam pil peen America in zong hong it mahmah hun hong tun’na ding hi zaw hi.

Gentehna khat gen ni: Vangteh khua pen keu mahmah hi cih Sia Cin Kam in hong gen ngei hi. Ahi zongin tansawm ka sim lai-in Champhai pen Mehthuk leh Ankamlum tawh vak zo mawk uh hi!

Science pilna sang nei tam nai lo hi hang cih a kitheihna pen Science Journal i et ciangin Zomi min muh ding tawm mahmah hi. Science pilna thu laigelh kitam lo hi. Science degree — B.Sc., M.Sc. — ciang nei pen bangzah hiam i om ta-a, sangsia, kumpi nasem cih bangin i om khin hi. A tunglam simto pen i tam het kei-a, research hih pen ahi thei ciangin i hanciam kik ding hoih ka sa hi. Sum leh paai muhna ding kician nei lo i kici kha thei hi. I siam zawh nak leh sum leh paai pen a haksa lo peenpeen hi. Company tuamtuam leh University-ah sum tampi om-a, a zang ding

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siamna neite’ aadingin zat zawh loh sum om hi. Zomite in hanciam kik-in, science pilna kidemna leitung-ah i min leh i theihnate sungg-in khatvei peuhmah hanciam kik le’ng cih ka deihna lian mahmah hi. University hoih-ah sangkah theih ding thupi mahmah-a, admission muhna dingin entrance exam-ah hanciam ni. Tua pilna i neih ciangin Israel-te in Palestine gamkeu a nosuak sak kik uh-a, lenggah leh olive tawh ankhing kham-a a nun’taak theihna bangin, Zomite zong haksatna i tuak-a, Pasian simloh ei langpang

banga hong om ciangin zong i nun’takpih ding pilna hong hi ding hi.

(Dear Editor, Hih pen kumlui lamin FZI-te mah’ aadingin ka gelh hi-a, a suaksak uh hiam thei lo ka hih manin hong khak kik ing; a suah khit leh hong hilh inla, a suahsak nai kei-a na deih leh hong suaksak in, Lungdam! – HZC)* * l e n g k u l s e r i e s – 2 0 0 3 * *

Hih lai, 03 AUG 05 WED ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zomi Numeite in Pasalte Bangci Phaak Theih Ding

Dr. Tg. Hau Za Cin

“An invasion of armies can be resisted,

but not an idea whose time has come!”

— Victor Hugo

Deihsakna lianpi tawh Florida Zomi Innkuan (FZIUSA)-te’ kumnga cin’na laibu sungah thului khat gelh thei dinga ‘hunpha’ ka ngah manin ka lungdam hi. Ahi zongin USA pen ka mit tawh ka muh nai loh, ka khe tawh ka sik nai loh, a huih siang leh McDonald zong a ciam kha nai lo ka hih manin tua gam tung sate’ lunglutna leh thupi simte ka thei kei hi. Bang kisam-a, bang sep tuak hiam cih zong ka thei kei hi. Ahi zongin numeite laptohna ding kisam sa hi ding uh hi, ci-in hih thulu hong piaksa uh ka siam bangin k’ong at hi.

Zomite gen loh mikangte mahmah zong numei tawh kisai ngaihsutna kibang lo ding hi. Zomi teekteek zong India leh Kawlgam teengte’ ngaihsutna kibang lo ding a, inn ngakte leh gam kuante’ lungsim zong kibang lo ding hi. Tua hi-a, i kikup ding thulu zong hong lamente lamet bangin ka gelh theih loh ding ka lau mahmah hi.

Numeite’ din’mun gen ding i hih manin numeite i muh dan, i koihna ciang, i pattah dan leh suahtakna i piak zah zong kibang lo hi cih thei masa ni. Tua ahih manin koi ciangah logi khung-a, koi ciangah gamgi bawl-a, koi ciangah bantan ding cih ka buai hi. Zomi numei innlum nusia-a leitung gam tuamtuam-ah a kithehthaangte zong i khual kul lailai! Bangbang hi leh i thulu — Zomi

Numeite in pasalte bangci phak theih ding —

cih pen durbin tawh en pak leeng-

Numeite niam zaw-a, pasalte sang zaw takpi hiam? Ciik tak-in ngaihsun kik dih ni. Numeite in pasalte hong pha lo takpi uh hiam? Ahih kei leh hong phak theih nading uh suahtakna i pia hiam? Bang-ah hong pha lo uh hiam — tate pattah dan-ah maw, innkuan sung kepna-ah maw; ahih kei leh kipawlna khat peuh makaihna-ah? Ahih kei leh annhuan, kuangsawp, puansawp, tuitawi ...? Leitung pilna siamna sinna ah maw, biakna zuihna ah maw, ahih kei leh sum leh pai zon’nna-ah? Bang-ah hong pha lo uh hiam. Bang hanga hong phalo uh hiam. Hong pha thei taktak ding uh hiam, kipattahna tawh a piang thei thu ahi hiam?

Hong pha lo takpi uh ahih leh a khuak uh neu zaw cihna hiam? Ahih kei leh thuak hat lo lua uh hiam, ahih kei lai leh kuhkalna kisam uh hiam. Thadah lua maw? I pattahtah hangin mi pha thei lo-in, gual ban zo lo uh hiam? Buhsih leh aksa tawh vaka, huihsiang tawh i nun’taaksak hangin, singno tui a kibuahbuah hang-a a khang theilo tawh kibang uh hiam, guai! I khialhna a om kha hiam, enkik kawm-in bangci sep ding cih tomno-in kikum dih ni.

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I. I pattah loh man hi: Kei’ muhna-ah Zomi numeite in Zomi pasalte pha lo hi lo hi. Pha lua thamtham uh hi. Pasalte'n hong phaakna dingin pantah lo zaw hi hang! Pasalte huaiham lua hang-a numeite pantah lo hi hang, ka ci nuam hi. Bang hangin maw? Pasal’ tun’na ciang a tun’ theihna ding uh hun, sum, pilna pia lo hi hang. Nu leh pa te’n tapate a pattah zah-in tanu pantah nailo hang-a, tua manin i Zomi nam sungah numeite’ din’mun, pasalte’ din’mun sangin niam zaw lai hi. Daniel pen a lawmte tawh a kibangin pilna kisinsak-a, a kikim-in na kiseemsak-a, a thuzaak uh kibanga, a siamding uh kibang-a, pilna sangah tutna kibang ah kitusak-a, tua zawh ciangin a siamna uh ki-en-a, a siam zawkna kimu pah hi. I Zomi numeite zong tua bangin i pantah hiam. A kipattah zawh ciangin pasalte tun’na ciang a tung uh hiam? Numei engineer, doctor, mechanic, artist, politician, leader, enterpriser, etc. tampi om hi.

Pasalte pen numeite sang angsung theizaw hi hang. Unau lakah sum leh paai haksat ciang, pasal sang kikahsak masa zaw hi. Pasal kiteel masa -, numei in zui pan hi. Bang hangin maw? Innluah ding ahih man (numei pen pasal nei ding hi ve’n!!). Lamdang lo hi.

Nurse seem ding, naupaai ding leh anhuan ding bek-a numei ngaihsutna lungsim Zomite lakah lianlai ahih manin numeite kinunungsak den hi. Anneek ding ciangin pasal in ne masa, numei in zom; niangtui dawn masa, numei in zom. Sangkah masa, numei in zom. Biakinn sungah zong pasalte'n hun zang masa, numei in zom (hun awng a om leh). 'Pasal masa, numei in zom' cih hi den hi. Jesu hun lai bang zezen hi. Numei leh naupang simloh mihing tulnga cihte pawl bang in. Tua pen kum tulnih beisa hun hi! Tuhun ciang Mikangte’n 'ladies first' cih nei uh-a, ‘numei

masa un’ cihna hi. Mipi om khopna munte-ah a hatlo zaw numei leh naupang te masak zeel uh hi. Tua pen Zomite in zong thei ta-in (tu naai diak pan) mipi anneek khop ciangin nute in a tate uh an na pia masa ta uh hi.

Pasal zah mah in innsung neek leh taek, sum leh paei zong zong thei, innkuan vak thei dingin numeite i pattah hun hi.

II. Pasalte'n lungsim kheek ding

kisam ta: Lungdamna thu i zaak ma, i zaak zawh, Cope leh Carson-te hong pattah zawh pekpek pan tuni dongin Zomi pasalte in ‘kipasalsak’ taka taptung pan taiteh tawh vai hawm nuam a sate hi hang. Numeite’ gen peuhpeuh thupi sim’lote hi hang — “numei’ thu leh sialpi ki-in kilaam ngei lo hi” ci-a ‘mittaw sialkhau let’ tentante hi hang. Numei in innsung a vaihawm siam zawk hangin pasal’ thuthu tawh a paisak vanvante hi hang. Zi zo lo cih pen i thangpaihna lian peen khat hi-a, gual lelhna lian peen leh lawm leh gual mai-ah maizumna-in kituat hi.

Tuma kum sawmnih hun khawng panin numeite zong pilna sin hun kipia ta-a, pasal te in a lungsim uh liansak ta-a, a khuamuhna uh a liat tawh kiton-in numeite it bawl ta uh hi. Tua manin numei zong pilna sin khuan kipia ta-a, tu khangthakte, zong hong pil ta uh hi. Nupa zong, a numei a pil zawk-a, a hau zaw innsung pan ahi phial zongin — Kei pilzaw ing, kei hauzaw ing, kei siamzaw ing — cih lungsim kisuan’na (false pride) nei nawn lo uh hi. Tua bang hunte millenium masa hi-a, tu millenium thak-ah tua bang om nawn lo hi. Leitung kiuli thupiang thei ta uh-a, a khut vuah TV remote tawi-in BBC, CNN, HBO, Movies, local channel meek ziauziau ta uh hi. Numeite a kisimmawh hun bei ta-a, numei kihisak leenlaan cihte om nawn lo hi. Pasian’ thu hang

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maw, leitung pilna khan’na hang?

III. Leitung khempeuh mitsuan hun hita:

Pasian’ mit in vantung panin leitung khempeuh en kawi kawi-a, a hoih leh hoih lo, a sia a pha, mi hoih leh mi sia a kibangin mu khin hi, cih i thei hi. Leitung pen khuata bangin kiu khat thupiang kiu khat pan a nainai-in kithei ziauziau ta ahih manin hong toi mahmah ta hi. Nidangin Zomi khua khat leh khua khat kikal kigamla lo napi kihawh ding hamsa-a, nun’tak dan kimuhna tawm hamsa hi. Pute zukholh ding bek zong nasep ding tam luat manin kipai meengmeeng thei lo uh hi. Sih leh nat zong kiveh tuah zo lo-in, a luhawm cianga kidelh pan zong tam zaw ding hi. Tua manin amau’ khuaciat gamtat dan pen a hoih peen hi pah-a, a hoih zaw a om phial zongin thei lo, mu lo hi.

Zi leh pasal zon’na-ah zong khua khat sung pan zon’ hi pah lel-a, nisim lokuan khawm, nitak ciang kihawh-in, kikhawl den uh ahih manin misia, mipha kithei uh-a, kiteen’ hamsa lo hi. Mo hoih, maak hoih a kigen ciangin zong, nu leh pa thumang, nasep hat leh thanuam, cidam, thatang lian leh phatuam ngai ci-in tehna (a kigelh hilo) om-a, amau’ gamtatna ciangah a pil peente mah na kila masa hamtang uh hi. Neih leh lam ki-en napi a masa in koih tuan lo uh hi. Meel hoihna zong ki-en-a, ahi zongin thupi peen-in kituat lo hi. “Meel hoih ningzu kidawn thei lo” kici lel hi. Mo ding, maak ding zon’ ciangin na kidawm mahmah uh-a, tuhun ciangin zong tua tehna (value system)-te kip lai veve hi.

Tuhun ciang Zomite in leitung khempeuh holh-in tuancil ta hang-a, Lenmual dawn pan gal et bangin kimu ta hi. Tua banga zinkhia thei lote in zong Vaphual tungah tuang a gamhawl i hih loh hangin i tutna pan TV

hong-in mun tuamtuam thupiang kithei-a, thukizaakna-ah misiam, mipilte’ lai gelh i taptung ah kisim thei ta hi. Tua manin ngaihsutna zong hong zai ta-in mitmuh zong khuasung khat bek hi nawn lo-a, leitung bup hi ta hi. Tua pen nakpi tak-a i khan’toh zeel nading, leitung mitsuan kawm-in i kalsuan zeel nading hi ta hi. Ahi zongin leitung paidan-ah a hoih om-a, a hoih lo zong om veve hi. Namdangte’gamtatna sangin Zomite’ gamtat dan a hoih zaw om-a, namdangte gamtat dan i zuih ding a hoih zong om hi. Sia S.T. Hau Go in “Bangci gamtat ding” cih a gelhna sungah:

A lui khempeuh sia kim lo-a,

A thak khempeuh hoih kim lo hi.

A lui lak pan a sia nolh-in,

A thak lak pan a pha teng leeng....

na ci hi. Tua mah bangin thukizakna tuamtuam pan i theih thute, a hoih teng-in a sia pai leeng, Zomi numeite zong pasal tawh liangko kim-in i koih thei dinga, a phaak zawhna ciang vuah i laamto thei ding hi. Ahi zongin i theih ding khat pen, pasal’ hih theih khempeuh numei

in hih kim thei ngeingei lo ding hi!

IV. Zomi Numeite’ thupina: Leitung bup i et ciangin nupa kikhenna tam mahmah hi. Sweeden gam-ah za-ah sawmli kiteeng lo-in ta nei uh-a, tua zah mah a kiteen’ uh hangin kikhen uh hi. US gam zong nupa kikhen tamna gam hi-a, numei kipattahna gam zong hi. Zomite pen kiteen’ zawh cianga kimawk khen niipneepte hi lo hang-a. innkuan ki-it tak, inkuan kingai tak leh inkuan kilem tak-a nungta diamdiamte hi hang. Hawmsiam nungta, nebum si ci-in a nei lo zaw ki-en hi hang. Kikhoi hi hang. Kivaan hi hang. Tua pen i paunak-ah zong i neihsa hi. Hih thu-ah leitung in hong paakta hi. Zomi numeite pen thupi hi. Tua manin ‘numei khat bek inn suang

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zo, pasal khat bek inn suang zo lo’ upate in na ci uh hi. Pasal in zi deih kik pah-a, numei in tate tulpih uh hi. Zomi numeite’ thupina tua hi. Zolia mah deih ing, a kicihna tua hang hi.

Thukhupna: I thulu panin ka gennop pen ahih leh Zomi numeite pen itna nei, sia leh pha thei, a pil, a siam hi uh-a, ahi zongin pasalte in i pattah ding zah-in pantah lo hi hang. (Hih pen i ut loh hi lo, i neih leh lam in cin nai lo, economic strain kihi lai hi.). Pantah lehang pasalte zah-in, innsung keem thei ding, innkuan vak zo ding, khuasung vaihawm zo

ding, gam khat vaihawm zo ding uh hi. Thukhen thei ding, mailam khual-in; a thak lak-ah a hoih teng thei-in, a lui lak pan a sia nolh thei ding uh hi. Tua bang hong pian’ nadingin pasalte in i khanglui ngaihsutna pawlkhat i kheek kisam ta hi. Numei zong pasal mah bangin suahtakna i piak nak leh pasalte tun’na ciang hong tung ding uh-a, pasal hong pha to pah ding uh hi. Zomi numeite maw, a sawmna vanglak vuah pasal sangin pasal zaw uh a’i ve!

[Hil lai, 25 JUL 05 MON ni-in kingah hi.]

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Rev. Khup Za Go’ Thu

Pu Tg. Lian Za Go

Rev. Khup Za Go’ Luang Tungtaang-a Siapi Lian Za Go’ thugenna

1955 kumin Class VII Khuga Valley High School-ah kah-a, 1956 kum ciangin Imphal Bengali High School-ah kisuan hi.

Ka kimuh cilna uh pen Khuga Valley High School innliim ahi hi. Amah’n, “Kei Murlen Khua-a kipan hi ing-a, Bungmual-a ka pute kiang-ah om ka hi hi,” a cih hangin bangmahin ka thudon kha kei hi. Tua ci khin phetin ka lawmte uh Mizo gam pana hong pai dang pawlkhat tawh Lushei pau-in hong kiho uh leh a kihona uh ka thei kei hi.

1957 kum-in Imphal-ah College kai-a ka pai ciangin amah leh Cin Sian Thang (tu-in sitni & MP ngah) na om-in nitak sim Kailash Hotel-ah special niangtui dawn dingin ka kimu den uh-a, niangtui man pen sitni pa Cin Sian Thang in pia den-in ko geel pen meh pua lo meh hai, ka suak den uh hi.

Tua khit amau geel hong mang vingveng uh-a, Yangon panin Sia Khup Za Go in lai hong khak hi. Tua laikhak pen 1962 kum ciangin ka thuk zo pan hi. Tua ka laikhakna-ah Chin Revolutionary Council member-te Manipur leh Nagaland pha-a hong zin lai uh maan (photo) khat ka guang hi. Tua maan pen Zomi Tangko-ah hong suakin ‘Zomi Tangko

Agent Lian Za Go veilam nawl-a ding zong kihel hi’, ci-in hong tuang hi. Tua thu ka muh ciangin, 1955 kum-a Siapi Pu Thianlam Vaiphei in Shillong-a High School

Headmaster teng in Seminar a neihna uh, Assam Tribune in a maan a suahsak pen atkhia-in, ka Hostel Superintendant uh I. D. Joshi hong khak-in “Kei n’ong mu uh hiam, hong zongkhia un”, a cih thu ka phawk kik hi.

1962 kumin Kawlgam kumpi in na khempeuh a ukcip ciangin Zomi Tangko zong suak zo nawn lo-in amah zong Mizo gamah hong ciah hi. Tansawm hong phi kik-in hong zo hi. Tua hun pawl mah-in dam lo-in Durtlang Mission Zato-ah lum-in a om laitak lai hong khak hi. Tua hun pen 1963 kum bul lam hi-in a laikhak ka thuk pah-a, hih bangin ka gelh hi. “U Khup aw, January 25 nitaak Lai Siangtho ka sim leh Rom 3 sungah, “Mi khempeuh a mawh uh-a, Pasian’ maipha a ngahna ding uh kisia hi”, cih-in hong vut ngeungeu-in Jesu nungzui dingin na ki-aap khin ve’ng e, a zingciang om thei lo, ka exam ding lam mangngilh liangin Liwachangning ah MBC khawmpi siim-in ka va hai tai suk kha zawzen hi” ci-in ka gelh hi. Amah in hong thuk kikna-ah, “Pu Go aw, na pian’thakna thu ka theih-in kei zong mimawh mi khial hih ka na kiphawk manin lungdam mahmah ing. Hih thu kikum thei dingin Pasian in hong kimu kiksak ta peuh hen”, hong ci hi.

Tua bang-in tua kum December ciangin kei, Yangon ah Kawlgam Missionary masa peen pa Adoniram Judson, Kawlgam a tun’ zawh kum 150 a cin’na pawi siimin ka pai

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hi. U Cin Sian Thang in vanleeng-a pai ding hong sa-in Mingaladon Airport-ah car khat tawh hong dawn leh hong dawn khial-a, a zingciang-in kei Yangon-a u Gin Do Lian-te inn ka tung hi. Tua lai-ah Gin Do Lian’ zi u Cingneu pen ka pi uh unau ahih lam thei khia-in, Gin Do Lian pen Cin Sian Thang’ pu ahih zong thei-in, “Imphal-ah i kikholh lai-a, lawmta-a kingaihsun pen lah tanau kinai mahmah i hi mawk-a maw” ka kici uh hi.

Gauhati-ah M.A. a sim lai-in Kawlgamah Tedim labu kisam ahih manin Guwahati ah Christian Literature Centre-te’n bu 1000 hong khetsak ding hi cih thu hong om ciangin amah proof reading seem dingin kisawl-in hong khen zo pah uh hi. Tua pen pawlkhat Tedimah kitun’-a phawlkhat Tamu kitun’ hi. Kum 1970 ciangin M.A. hong zo khin ahih man Churachandpur Baptist Association (CBA)-ah Field Director dingin a kizol ciangin hong sang thei-a, 1971-in Field Director hong sem-in Pawlpi min pen Chin Baptist Association ci-in, Council of Baptist Churches in North East India-te’ deihna bangin hong laih hi. Kum 1977 ciangin Lai Siangtho Buppi ( Holy Bible) pen Tedim pau a masa peen Tangnuam Christian Centre mun- ah ama’ makaihna tawh ki-ap hi. 1978 ciangin Serampore Theological College-ah Rev. Dr. Prof. S. Pau Khan En (Sia Enno) tawh a sangkah lai-un New Delhi ka zin simin Kolkata ka tun’ ciang-in Serampore-ah amau geel tawh kimu dingin ka pai den hi. Victoria Memorial Hall-ah Lailam leh Biakna vai tawh kisai in kamkupna ka nei uh hi. Tua lai-in ka sun mang uh bel Sia Enno pen Yangon-ah naseem-in om dinga Sia.Khup pen New Delhi-ah hong om ciangin William Carey gen bangin, “Na lianpi seem ding hi hang”, ka kici uh hi. Tua bangin hong piang takpi-in Pasian in hong laamto hi. Sia Enno in thu khat hong

dong hi: “Mizo leh Hmar-te biakna lam a kikhenthang uh bang hang hiam?” hong ci-a, kei’n ka dawnna-ah, “Lai Siangtho siam a tam hang uh hi.” ci-in ka dawng hi. “Tua ahih mawk leh i mailam limci kei si e”, hong ci hi. Kei’n “Tua bang-a i kikhen teh mi tam zaw seem in gupna ngah ding hi”, ci-in ka ciamnuih hi. Tua bang keek-in Zomi Baptist Convention pen phel nih hong suak takpi hi. Ahih hangin tua pen in, nasepna tamsak-a, Pasian’ thu a zai zaw seem-in kigen ding hi, ci-in i ngaihsut kisam hi.

Delhi ka zin nunung pen-in ka kihona pen uh numei naupang’ zaak loh dingin holim dingin Safdarjang Enclave-a ka tun’na Guest House-ah ka giak khawm uh hi. Tua lai-ah, “Hun paisa leh tuni ciangciang na phuat nate tungah na kisik hiam, na lungdam hiam?” cih ka dot leh “Pasian in hong lamto ahih man lungdam ing; ahih hangin tua hun lai-in tu laitak-a ka lungsim bang a nei hi leng ka pawl phuat teng phuan lo ding hi ing” hong ci hi. Kei’n, “A bang seem khial kisa na hi hiam?” ci-in ka dot leh, “Chin Baptist Association min phuah lai-in, nang (Lian Za Go) Zomi Baptist Association ci zaw le’ng, hong ci napi-in k’ong man’ loh mahmah kisiik peen ing”, hong ci hi. “Tua pen a hoih loh luatna bang om hiam”, ci-in ka dot leh gentehna khat hong gen hi: “Tu in, Rev. Dr. Prof. S. Pau Khan En pen Myanmar Baptist Convention-ah, General Secretary a sep laitak hi-a, Rev. Dr. J. M. Ngul Khan Pau in Council of Baptist Churches in North East India-ah General Secretary a sep laitak ahi hi. Amau geel Baptist World Alliance khawmpi siim-in a pai ciang-un khat leh khat maitang kilahna-ah, khat in ka kipat khiatna pawlpi pen Zomi Baptist Convention ci dinga, khat in Chin Baptist Association ci ding uh hi. A kikhawm mipite in Zomi leh Chin a kibang ahih lam thei

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lo ding-a, mi tuam na sa ding uh hi. Tua ahih manin, nang thu k’ong laak loh man-a ka sep khialh pen na sa peen ing”, hong ci hi .

Tua hangin, “Min kibang” “Pau kibang” i suah theihna dingin, innlam na tun’ ciangin hong vaihawm in” hong ci hi.

Hih bang vaihawm ding-a om laitak amah hong sihsan pen ka pum phel lang khat bei bangin ka kingaihsun hi.

Topa in amah lunggulh seem zo dingin a kua peuh thupha hong pia ta hen. Amen.

(Hih pen April 12, 2005 ni-in New Lamka

khua ah Rev Khup Za Go khakna hun-ah a gen

hi.)

[Hih lai pen, 27 JUL 05 WED ni-in Dr. Tg.

Hau Za Cin tung pan-in kingah hi.]

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Khuado Pawi

Tg. J. Thang Lian Pau

KHUADO PAWI thu ka gelh hangin, kei zong Khuado thu a tel, i khanglui ngeina sungah a khangkhia leh a kidiah ngei ka hi kei hi. Tua ahih manin hih Khuado thu k’ong gelhkhiat zong mi tuamtuamte' gelh ka kaihkhop hi lelin, a thu a kicin’ khit loh ding baan-ah mi tuamtuamte’ theih dan tawh zong kibang khin lo kha ding hi. Ahi zong Khuado pawi thu kigelh teng lakah kim peen ding hi. Sia Gin Za Go in Zolai Sim Bu Kum Sawmngiat Cinna (1913-1993) Souvenir sunga Khuado Pawi Thu a gelhna-ah hih bangin pan hi:

Tedim gam sungah Khuado a kizat ciat

hangin, lasak-a kipan gamtatnate

kibang kim lo hi. Bang hang hiam cih

leh, omna mun kikhat lo ahih mah

bangin i omna mun tawh kituakin gam

min, khua min, lui minte tampi-in

phuisam, lasak leh gamtatna-ah kizang

ciat hi. A kibang lo nengneng a om

hangin, "Khuado ngeina kician om lo

hi,” ci-a ngaihsut ding hi lo hi. Khuado

thu i gen a kibat kim lohna zong a

thupiit mahmahna hi zaw hi, ci-in

ngaihsut ciat ding ka deih hi.

KHENPI - I

1. THU MAKAI

Khuado pawi i cih pen Zomite’ pawi neih thupi peen leh lim zat peen ahi hi. Hih pawi pen tuuk an lak khit ciang kibawl hi. Hih Khuado pawi bawl hun leh Vaite’ pawipi “Diwali Puja” leh Kawlte’ pawipi “Mi-Htun

Pway” bawl hun kituak-a, Khuado pawi i bawl zia tawh kibat mahmahna nei-in mei kide tek hi. Kawl leh Vai-te’n “Khuaimeivak” de-in, Zomite in “Meilah” i de hi. Hih panin Zomite pen minampite mah banga ngeina zia leh tong kicing a nei i hih lam kilang mahmah hi.

Tua banga ngeina zia leh tong kicing a nei minam picing kihi napi-in, minam picing hong hisak i minam pawipi Khuado i neihna natawm a thei lo tampi ki-om ding hi. Minam Pau, lai, ngeina, pawi leh khanglui vante kician-a a nei lote minam picing kici thei lo ahih manin a it lo, a keem lo, a puah lote minam khangto suak ngei lo hi. Tua ahih manin Khangthak Zomite phawn’ nading deihna tawh Khuado pawi thu hong kaikhawm ka hi hi.

2. A KHIATNA

Zopau-ah 'KHUA' cih in khiatna nam tuamtuam nei hi. Pasian genna-in “Khuavak” kizangin, Dawite genna-in “khuazing” kizang hi. “DO” i cih in zong khiatna nam tuamtuam mah nei-in, a sia lam leh a hoih lamin kizang khawm thei hi. I it i ngaih hong zin hong lengla a om ciangin zin do, lengla do ci-in “Do” zatna mun a om mah bangin, hong bawlsia thei dawi leh gaalte i sim ciangin zong “Do” ci-in zatna mun mah om veve hi. Zomite in “PAWI” i cih pen Mikangte in “Festival/Feast” ci-in, Kawlte in “Pway” ci-in, Vaite in “Puja” ci-in leh Mizote in “Kuut” ci uh hi.

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Hih thute panin Khuado pawi pen thupha hong guan Pasian dona, lungdam kohna leh thupha ngetna pawi hi-in; a lang khat lamah hong bawlsia thei dawi leh kaute lak pan kisian’suahna dinga dawi leh kaute hawlkhia-a dona pawi ahi hi.

3. A KIPATNA

Zo taangthu suite leh thugelh masate in Khuado Pawi pen Ciimnuai Innpipa Pu Tuah Ciang hun lai pek panin lim takin kizang khin dingin tuat uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Pu Tuah Ciang pen Zo ngeina zia leh tong a geelkhiapipa-in kingaihsun ahih man hi. Tua ahih manin Khuado Pawi i neih zawh pen kum zaguk peuhmah sawt khin ding hi. Khuado pawi pen khangthak ngeina zui-in Manipur gamah Tedim Chin Cultural Club makaihna tawh October 11, 1969 kumin Taang-nuam khua-ah zat kipanin, Mizoram-ah Zomi Society makaihna tawh November 12, 1994 kumin Sairang, Tlawng lui-ah kizang hi. Tuipi gaalkaai Zomite’n Singapore Zomi Innkuante’ makaihna tawh 1995 kum panin Singapore khuapi-ah 'Leitung Bup Zomi Khuado Pawi' min vawhin zat hong kipan to-in, tu ciangin leitung bupa Zomite omna peuhmah-ah kizang kawikawi ta hi.

4. A ZAT HUN

Khuado pawi in NI nei lo-in a hun bek nei hi. Ahi zongin a hun pen kum sim September leh October kha sung hi hamtang hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Khuado pawi pen tuuk an laak khit cianga kibawl hi-a, kum khat leh kum khat, khaw khat leh khaw khat, an laak hun a kigual lianlian theih loh baan-ah, khaw sungah mipite om kimlai paang-a a kibawl ngeina ahih manin leh khuahun hoih hun (khapi taan’ hun) a kipaan ngeina ahih manin Khuado pawi Ni

ding kiciangtan khol thei lo hi. Ahi zongin khuado ni ding leh vai khempeuh taangpi tawh kisai ahih manin hausa leh upate mah in a geel loh phamawh hi. Upate in a tunga i gen kaal sungin ni khat seh phot uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh khualzin gamvakte tua sungin hong tung kim thei leh cih deihna hi.

Lam khat panin Aizawl dan khawnga khuapite-ah Khuado pawi ni ding kician khat seh-a kipsak pen a kilawm lahna om tuan lo ding hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, khamtung nun’taak ngeina dana anlaak cih bang om lo hi. Tua ahih mah bangin Mizoram-ah Zomi Cultural Society in 1998 kum panin Khuado ni dingin September 25 ni sehin kipsak hi. Manipur Zomite in bel October 2 ni seh uh hi. A hang in, October 2 ni pen India makaipipa Mahatma Gandhi pian’ ni phawkna ni holiday hi-in mi kim hun awng neih ni khat ahih man hi. Hun khat ciangin leitung bup Zomite in a ni kituakin khuado pawi i zat hun hong tung lai ding hi.

5. A TUUNKHAWM TENG

Khuado pawi pen i Zo pawi thupi peen leh lim zat peen ahih mah bangin hihna, ngimna, deihna tuamtuam tawh a kidim, a nuai-a bangin tuunkhawm tampi a nei ahi hi:

5.1 Kum Khen Pawi: Zolai sim bu sungah “K — Khuado pawi, Kum khen pawi” ci-a a kisin mah bangin Khuado pawi pen Zomite’ kum khenna hunpi khat ahi hi. Hih pen a kitelna dingin khanglui ten “La i cih pen thu hi,” a cih bangin Khuado pawi-a a kisa la dawng khat en sai lehang

(A) Kum kikhen e, solkha dang e,

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Ziin in a vang khua zong hen aw; (B)

Ziin in a vang khua zong hen aw,Sian sung tui bang siang hen aw.

(A) Tu kawl tawi kum khua i khen-a,Ningzu khum leh aisa aw e.

(B) Ningzu khum leh aisa aw e,Khan’ kum sawt ciam lai le’ng e

Hih la in Khuado pawi pen Zo kum lui leh kum thak khenna a hih lam kiciansak hi. Tuhun ciangin Mikang hun khenzia ‘Gregorian Calendar’ zui-in kum lui beina December 31 ni leh kum thak kaina January ni 1 ni dan i zuih zenzen hang Zo kum lui leh kum thak khenna pen Khuado ahi hi.

5.2 Anlaak Pawi: Khuado pawi pen Anlaak Pawi zong kici thei hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Khuado pawi pen tuuk anlaak khit bek cianga a kibawl leh tua an thak khai thakte muanga a kibawl hi-a, kum khat sung tawntung i khawh i ciin’nate pana hong piang thupha khai leh an tuamtuam aihna leh tuate hong pia, hong siam Pasian tungah lungdam kohna-in a kizang pawi ahi hi.

5.3 Khuailaak Pawi: Khuado pawi cianga a minthang mahmah khat pen Khuailaakna hi. Khuado khuailaak i cih ciangin a kimawk laak hi lo-in, khuaibu (khuaipheeng) panin hong tung ding kum pen kum hoih ding maw, sia ding; kicidam ding maw, kina ding cihte theihnopna-a aisanna-in a kizang ahi hi. Khuaibu leh a note omzia panin kum thak sunga mabaan ding kithei thei ci-in khangluite

in ngaihsun uh hi.

5.4 Meidet Pawi: Khuado pawi a vaamsakpi pen meidetna ahi hi. Khuado ni masa pen meilah lak ni-in kizangin “Meilah laak ni” a ci zong om hi. Hih meilahte pen pawi sung teng tawntung lim kizat mahmah hi. Dawi leh kaute dona (kaubetna, meidetna)-a kipan khuasiam Pasian a vaak tawh dona-in zong a kizang, a kitangsak, a kivaak zihziah ahih manin Khuado pen Meidet pawi zong cih theih hi.

5.5 Sian’suah Pawi: Khuado pawi pen sian’suah pawi zong ahi hi. I pu i pate in mihingte a nasak, a sisak leh mihingte tunga tuahsiatna tuamtuam a tungsak pen dawi leh kaute ngawh uh hi. Tua dawi leh kaute tawh a teeng khawm hi dingin kingaihsun lai uh hi. Khuado cianga 'Kaubetna' leh 'Meidetna' in a ngiimpi pen zong mihingte a bawlsia dawi leh kaute notkhia-a innsung, khuasung, gamsung sian’suah ahi hi. KHENPI - II

1. THU MAKAI

Khanglui i pu i pate' ngeina-ah Khuado pawi in ni sagih sung tak awh ngei hih tuak hi. Ahi zongin Khuado pawi tawh kisai-a laibu ka etkaakte lakah khuado in ni nga sung a awhsak leh ni thum sung a awhsak om hi. Khat leh khat theih dan, gelh dan kibang khin lo hi. Tua ahih manin hih khuado thu k’ong kaihkhawmna-ah zong na theihna uh tawh a kituah lohna zong om kha ding hi. Tulai taka i tual biakna a khah nai lote sungah ni thum sung bang kizang peen hi. I gensa mah bangin an seng khit, khapi taan’ lai tak, khua sungah mipi kim ta uh ei, cih ciang huasapa in, “khai khai, khai, guaite aw, na na ngai tek un, zing cianga kipan khua kido ta ding hi,” ci-in

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tangkopa awngsak hi. Tua ni pen ‘Kigin’ ni,” kici hi.

2. KIGIN’ NI

Khuado ding pulaak ni pen ‘Kigin’ ni,’ “Meilah Laak Ni,’ ‘Lamsial Ni,’ ahih kei leh 'Vaihawm Ni' kici hi. Hih ni-in khuado sunga gamtat dan ding leh a kisam ding teng vaihawmna, kithawina ni cih ding ahi hi. Sing lam, tui lam kisialin tuinaak kihah hi. Khuado sunga zat ding vaak ding meilah la dingin khuasung nungak tangval inn lusikin gamlakah kuan uh hi. Lo kuante in kha sam-in, “a site’ kha, a hingte’ kha na om uh leh hong ciah un, zu leh sa ne ding hi hang,” ci-in phuisam-in lo buuka suangthu teng sawn puuk uh hi. Tua ni-in khua sungah papite in khuado sunga tum ding phiit bawl hi ta leh, khuado sunga gamtat zia ding hi ta leh kikum khawmin, lawm-ah zu beel luup-in tu khawm uh hi.

3. PANSIK NI

Khuado a ni khatna hi-in, ‘A Pi Ni’ ahih kei leh ‘Pansik Ni’ zong kici hi. Hih ni pen Khuado pawipi ni, gualnop peen ni zong hi-in, hih ni-in Sagawhna, Daihawhna, Khuado ankuang uum khawmna, Kaubetna leh a zan ciangin Khuailaaknate kihih hi. Zingsang khuavak phetin Lawmte' kong biangah dawi leh kau dalna -n zu kau beeltung khat tui leihsa, peeng siatsa-in kiluup-in, a kiangah zasan haal baangsa leh meihol kikoih hi.

3.1 Sagawhna: Khuado pen neihsa, khawhsa, vulhsa teng tawh hih theih zahin kibawlin vok kigo peen hi. Zingsang vaikuan hun ciangin, Lawm papite in a pawl a pawlin vok go-in, ni thum sung a khom ding siit tuam pah uh hi. Sa semna-ah sakuang nam nih om-in, sasem papite in a vok khawite leh a langte’ tan ding

tuak a khen ma-un amau teng kham khop ding thuuk masa uh hi. Tua pen ‘Sakuang baal neek’ kici hi. Vok vulhte leh a langte’ hawm pen ‘Sakuang Hawm’ kici leeuleeu hi. Sagil bawl kawm, sa sem kawm, zu luup zu dawn kawmin taang ziahziah uh hi. Tua lai takin inn nupite in a inn tek uh-ah taaksih ngaan huan uh hi. Naupangte in khuang leh zam, daktal leh sialki tumin a sisate phawkna-in mualte hah siang uh hi.

3.2 Daihawhna: Sate a min phetin a sin a lung, a tuap leh a kalte themno kha tek eukhia-in sawm tangvalte in tua kum sunga misi a nei innkuanpihte puak uh hi. Hih sa sungkuate pen misite’ aading-a kikoih tuam hi-in, sun lam ciangin nupite in zu khaihsa leh taaksih tawh tua sate kengin haanah misite va lui uh hi. Hih pen ‘Daihawh’ kici hi. A sisa a innkuanpihte' luguh pen sathau zuutzuutin zu leh sa leh taaksih tah uh-a, hih pen “Si an suah” kici hi. Khuado pen a si leh a hingte’ kizopna tawpna, kikhakna hunin kingaihsun ahih manin Khuado ciangin mi pawlkhat lungleeng khuangai-in kapkap mai uh-a, la zong hih bangin sa uh hi:

(A) Do na liingliing, do na liingliing e, Gual in kum khua do na liingliing e;

(B)Gual in kum khua do na liingliing e, Do haan-ah nau bang va kap ta'ng e.

3.3 Ankuang uumna: Daihawhte, nupite inn hong tun’ kik masiah an kineeksan thei lo hi. Nitaak ankuang uum dingin kikai khawm uh-a, mi a kim tak teh, papi a tal taak peen in zu kam khat teep-in phih-in phuisam hi. Tua khit ciangin, a baan a baan-in zu pen gual teep uh a, an kuang sa kuang uum khawm uh hi. An

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neek khit ciangin i Zo ngeina bangin ki-it, kingaihna, kideihsak zia lahna-in sabaak leh sangoi kibaak kengkhang-in gualnuam thei mahmah uh hi

3.4 Kaubetna : Khanglui i pu i pate’ hun lai-in misi a om ciangin a kha pen misi khua-ah pai pah loin, innsung, innnuai, innkuun leh sumtawng teng khawngah khuado masiah thaamcip den dingin ngaihsun uh hi. Tua ahih manin misite a gil uh a kial mahmah ding ngaihsutna tawh misi a om teh kawsah, an khai, lukhung an cih bang kilui hamtang hi. Khangluite in misite pen dawite’ peh hi, ci-in ngaihsun uh hi Tua ahih manin khuado sunga gilna laina a om loh nadingin dawi leh kaute notkhia-in kau kibeng hi. An neekna a man khit uh ciangin kaubet nadingin meilahte sau silsel-in lim takin ten-in a lom a lomin kihencip hi. Kaubet ding ciangin kong sak leh kong khangah meilah taak nading nahtang kuak kikoih masa phot hi. Hausapa’ innah pasal teng kikaikhawmin phiit lem uh hi. Tua ciangin inn kim-in meilah de ciat uh hi. Tualteekpa (siampipa) in a thau lawnin kaubet hong kipan pah hi. Tualteekpa khit ciangin midangte in beng thei pan hi.

Kaubet pen pasal tangzang khat peuhin khut lang khat lamah meilah lom det kawmin tuga, heiga leh singkhuahbawk khat peuh tawi-in innsungtawng panin inntung innnuai innkawm teng baan sat-in:

Dawi hang, kau hang, nam hang aw,Na zun, na ek namsia, na ni na kha cing ta;Na zi na tate’n hong lamet zawh sawt ta,Na khua, na tui zuan in,

ci-in hawkin kiko gamgam hi. Tua banga innkawm teng baan sat-in innkongbiang a tun’ ciangin a tuga pen daipua deen’na-in, “A

khebuuk, a ngaltaak kha ing ei,” ci-in a meilah ken’ khen nih suahin, lom khat khang gawl-ah, lom khat sak gawl-ah a kuangsa in siatin nusia hi. Hih pen dawite hong lut kik ngam nawn loh nading ahi hi. Tua kaubengpa pen mi thum in zui-in, khat in khuang, khatin daktal leh khat in thau tawi hi. Kaubet kipat ding ciangin thau khat vei lawnin, inn kongbiang a tun’ ciangin khatvei lawn kik hi. Inn khempheuhah kau a kibet laitakin tum theih tum mawh teng tumin, thau lawnin kisa ngeeingaai hi.

3.5 Meidetna: Inn khempeuhah kaubetna a man khit ciangin, sawm tangval teng in gua dawn-ah meilah siatin a desa-in khuang, zam leh daak tawh a honin hausapa inntualah kisutuahin thum vei kiimvial uh hi. Dena kaubetna kammalte mah zangin kizui kawmin awngin kiko damdam uh hi. Tua panin tum theih teng khempeuh tumin a lawhsa kammal teng mah lo kik zeelin khuatual (Tualbiakna)-ah pai-in thum vei mah kiimvial leeuleeu uh hi. Hih pen dawi neng kau neng bang neng peuhmah om nawn kei hen, a cihna uh ahi hi. Sawm tangvalte khua sung hong lut kik uh ciangin meilah tum baangte hong lutpih kik thei lo uh hi. A hang in, dawi nawhna lamah meilahte natawm niin baangin siangtho nawn lo dingin seh uh ahih man hi. Meilah tum baangte khuanawl sing dawn, phung dawn peuhah siatin nusia uh hi.

Mun khen khat-ah tua meilah a tum baang teng kaikhawm uh-a, meiphual sat uh hi. A khu a tam theihtheih na’ngin sawlbawk tawh khuh uh-a, meikhu a paikhiatna dingin a laizang mun khat vangsak uh hi. Tua mun san pan meikhu hong zamkhiat ciangin siampipa in-

Sim kum pha hen na cih leh sim-ah kaai in;Zo kum pha hen na cih leh zo-ah kaai in;

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Sim kum k’ong ngetna hi; zo kum k’ong ngetna hi;Miimbeem k’ong ngetna hi; taangbeem k’ong ngetna hi;Cidam k’ong ngetna hi; ludam k’ong ngetna hi;Ludam, lungdam, khan’sau k’ong ngetna hi;Tu sawn, ta sawn k’ong ngetna hi;Khi-awh pha, taubulh pha k’ong ngetna hi;Galmang lu, samang lu k’ong ngetna hi.

ci-in phuisam hi. Meikhu pen khua sung lamah a kaai leh khua sung kicidam ding hi, ci-in khangluimite in upna nei uh hi.

3.6 Khuailaakna: Kaubet zawh laamna dian’na teng a man ciangin, a kihawisa khuaibu la dingin sawm tangvalte kuan uh hi. Tua khuaibu leh a note omzia panin kum thak sungah an leh tui kham leh kial, nat leh dam-a kipan tuahsiat tuahphat ding kihilna-in ngaihsunin aisanna-in a kizang ahi hi. Tua hi-a, khuailaakna pen kithupi seh mahmah hi.

Khuado khuai laakte pen zu (khuaizu) a nei nam hi loin, no a nei nam, mi a deh thei nam, sing tung ahih kei leh lei sunga a kaai nam ahi tuunpi, tuunpi malnen, ngaltuun, ngaltheen, khuaimul leh khuaithumte’ khuaibu (khuaipheng) kila peen hi. Tua ciangin khuailaakna-ah zat dingin khuang khat, sialki khat, daktal a kipua zo zahzah, zubeel peeng siatsa beel khat, khuaisah zu a vekin, phiit bu a kibawl zahzah, naang lukhu kikeng hi. Zan puan ding leh a zing cianga kizepna ding puan a koihcingte zong pua uh hi. Khuailakna-a a kikeng zu pen 'Khuaisah Zu' kici hi. Zute pen hausapa-a kipan haam upate in beel khat ciat a sik uh, sawm tangval teng in zingsang lama a don, nitaak lama a khaih kholh uh zute hi.

Khuai omna mun a tun’ uh ciangin khuai pen

mei tawh kihal loin a pi teng khut tawh khatkhatin manin, ahih kei leh gua taitep tawh tepin that khin masa uh hi. Khuaipi teng a mat khit uh ciangin khuaibu pen a kua ahih leh to uh-a, a pheng ahih leh phelkham uh hi. Khuaibu sungah a pheeng dal sawm ciang bang pha thei hi. Tua khuaipheengte lak panin a hoih a limci peen leh a tak peen ciamteh uh hi. Tua banga ciaptehna a bawl khit uh ciangin khuainote tunga saphuuk-lai banga a pan dildel a paan pen dam takin hawkkhia uh hi. Khuaino zawngkhal khempeuh zong paaikhia-in, a etlawm lo khempeuh nul siang uh hi. Kum saan’na ding khuaibu pen a kisia lo dingin kaang takin lakhia uh-a, naang lukhu sungah koih uh hi. Hih khuaibu lakhiapa pen tualteekpa in thuneihna a piakpa bek hi thei hi.

4. KHEEKLEH NI

Hih ni pen Khuado ni nihna 'Kheekleh Ni' kici hi. Hih ni-in khuai tawh ai kisanin, nitaakin ankuang sa kuang ki-uum khawm leeuleeu hi.

Zingsang khuavak tuungin khuailate khuaibu tawh inn lam zuanin ciah uh-a, khuasungah lut suak lo-in khawmualah kinga-in khuaibu pen taangpi taangta’ muh theih dingin singkung tungah koih uh hi. Khawmuala khuailate neek ding dawn ding khuasung pan nungakte in anpheel tuunsa leh zu va puak uh-a, Khuailate in khawmualah khuazaangpi kim ngakna-in la tuamtuam — khuai la, mualbawl la, khawmualpi late — sa-in laamlaam uh hi. Khuazaangpi a tun’ kim khit ciangin zu kitulh, an kibaakin nuam sa mahmah uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Tualteekpa in khuaibu sangin khuasung lutpih uh hi.

4. Khuai Tawh Aisanna: Khuasung a tun’ ciangin khuaitawipa mah masa-in khuaibu

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pen Tual biakna mun lam manawhin kipaipih leeuleeu hi. Tua muna a na ngak upate in, “Sanno na hih leh na kik in, miim leh sawmtaang na hih leh hong lut in," ci-in na kal uh-a, tua leh khuaitawipa in, "Sanpi, sanno hi ke’ng; miim leh sawmtaang hi'ng” ci-in tua banga thumvei a kikalh a kidawn khit uh ciangin lutsak pan uh hi. (Sanpi, sanno cih pen natpi, natneu cihna hi). Tual a lut khit uh ciangin vial khat kiimkotin hih bangin khuai la sa uh hi:

5.(A)Ngaltun e, ngalthen e, khuai aw e, Ka lo paama khuai aw e, sim ngalthen, zo ngalthen,

(B)Nang in kum khua na thei-a k’ong dong e, ningzu a ken’ dong, aisa a ken’ dong.

Tua khit ciangin khuaibu pen tualsuang tunga a kiciing mawngkung tungah koih uh hi. Khuaibu tungah khualu lam, khuataw lam giitin ciaptehna kibawl-a, khuainote paan hon’sa-in koih uh hi. Tua khuaibu pen numei naupang leh nupi naupaaite et kiphal lo hi. Nitaak lam ciangin Upate in khuaibu veel uh-a, khuaibu sunga khuainote in a khuhna a paan, a na lam kik uh leh miimbeem taang beem a lamlam hi, ci uhin kum kik ciangin an kihau ding hi, ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. Khuaino a si peuh a na om leh kum kik sungah a si a mang om ding hi hang, ci-in khuazaangmite mabaan ding hilkholhna-in ngaihsun uh hi. Upate in khuaibu pen sia leh pha leh, mipi lungnop theihna dingin "Khuai Hoih Hi" ci-in pulaak pong uh hi.

An haute in geelzu a kici pen a beel a beel-in hong pua-in kiluup zihziah hi. Hih zu pen mai

kum cianga an hauh na’ng phuisamsakna ahih manin a hau nuam peuhpeuh in zu guan’sa-in hong tawi uh hi. Tualteekpa in zu teepin khua lam nga-in phih kawikawi hi. Tua khit ciangin zu pen taangpi taangta in teep thei pan hi. Khuangtumpa in mipite’ cim dong laampih, la a oihpih khit ciangin mipite a inn ciat uhah an ne ding kikhen uh hi.

4.2 Geelzu: Geelzu pen taang sawm nih zu ahi hi. Khanglui hun lai-in an khempeuh lak panin taang a minthangsak pen uh hi. Tuuk tun ciangin tangvalte in mi an neih zah ciamteh uh-a, khuado cianga neek dingin taang sawmnih nei ciang peuhmah geelzu luup dingin gaam pah uh hi. Taang sawmnih a nei lote zong pengg thei tuan lo-in, tangvalte in lawh hoih bek khat bawlin, khuataw panin dong to uh hi. Hun khat khit ciangin taang sawmnih a nei zo haksa ahih manin vaimiim sawmli a nei ciang zong geelzu kiluupsak hi.

5. KHUAISAAK TAN’ NI

Khuado a ni thumna hi-in, “Khuaisaak Tan’ Ni” ahih kei leh “Khuai-aih Ni” zong kici hi. Hih ni-in kuamah a pua pial thei lo-in a sawm ciat uhah om khipkhep uh hi. Khuai pen vok tawh ahi zongin, keel tawh ahi zongin, ak tawh ahi zongin ki-ai thei hi. Keel tawh khuai a aite pen a sih khit uh ciangin a luang bawm ding thote, khuai in hung hi ci-in ngaihsun uh ahih manin keel tawh khuai aih ding thupi ngaihsut mahmah uh hi. Nitaak lam ciangin nungak leh tangval laamtual mahah kisutuahin geelzu luupin, la sa in, laam lialiai leauleau uh hi. Hih ni-in zong a sawm ciat uh-ah khuai-aihna sa kuang an kuang uum khawmin gualnuam mahmah uh hi.

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5. A SIAN’ NI

Khuado tawpna ni pen “A Sian’ Ni” kici hi. Mi khempeuh a utna tekah kihawh kiciah thei hi. Geelzu mah zeekcing zo peen ahih manin mipite laamtual mahah kisutuah kik uh-a, gualnop nunung peen ni ci-in la sasa-in, laamlaamin khat leh khat ki-aamin nuamsa mahmah uh hi. A beisa ni nih ni thum sunga gamtat gualnopzia teng lungsim sungah thaam denin nungak leh tangval lawm kitop, lawm kingaih neihkhiatna pawi bang suak-a, aam mahmah uh ahih manin zu leh sa kicin’na-ah zanhak kha lai zong om thei hi. Gualnuamin nuam kisa mahmah ta leh zu lah peeng ta, laamlaamna, la oih-oihna, tanuk tatsuk tattohnate hangin ci leh sa lah gim ta ahih manin aam laipi mah innlam zuan tekin, Khuado pawi kikhinsan ta hi. Nungak leh tangval bek tham loh, mi kim’ aadingin Khuado pen kum khat tawntunga gualnop peen hun ahih manin Khuado kaal ding kingaklah thei mahmah hi.

7. THUKHUPNA

Zomite Kumlui leh Kumthak Khenna, kum khat sung tawntung i sep i bawlnate-ah thupha hong guan i biak Pasian kiangah lungdam kohna, mailam aading Thupha ngetna, Siatna hong tun’ thei Dawi leh Kaute tawh i kipelh na’ng leh eimah-mah-ah i hoih lohnate tek pana i kisian’suahna ding hun thupi “˜Khuado Pawi” bawl pen Khristian ngeina leh Pasian’

deihna tawh kikingkalh lawmlawm lo cih i phawk thak ding deih huai mahmah hi.

Khangthakte in Khuado pawi i zat ciangin, i pu i pate in i khanglui hun lai leh i Zo ngeina tawh kituak-a a zat dan-un kizang thei nawn lo hi. I theih ding thupi-a ka ngaihsut pen Khuado Pawi i zat ciangin Khuado Pawi a khiatna leh a deihna ngaihsunin, tua leh i Khristian biakna leh tuhun tawh kituakin leh i omna mun tek tawh kituakin i zat ding kisam sa ing. Tuhun ciangin Zomite leitung mun tuamtuamah ki-om ta a, “Ngeina kician neite, Minam kician” a hih mah bangin i omna tek-ah i Zopawite khahsuah lo-in keemcing-in, zuun-in, i thupi bawl ding kisam hi.

Laibu Etkaakte:

1. Ciimnuai Magazine 1994, Yangon

2. Guite Khang Thu, Kalemyo, 1986

3. Khanglui Ngeina, Aizawl, 1999.

4. Zolai Simbu Kum Sawmgiat Cinna, Lamka, 1993.

5. Zolai Sim Bu (Class IV ), Tedim, 1997.

6. Zolawkta Oct. 1999 Issue, Aizawl

[Hih lai, 06 AUG 2005 SAT ni-in, Tg. Neng

Ngaih Lian tung panin kingah hi.]

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Pasian in Zomi (Chin)-te Hong Zangh

Tg. Chin Khua Khai

“Zomi aw, nang in minam neu minam ginalo na hi peuhmah kei

hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, nangma’ sung pan-in Pasian’

naseem tampi piangkhia ding-a, leitung mong dong-in Pasian’

hoihna pulaak-in a khuavak na taangsak ding hi.”

“Pasian in Zomite Hong Teel” cih thulu tawh Zangkong Awging-ah lai (article) k’ong suaksak ngei hi. Lamka, India-a i sanggamte’n zong amau’ laihawmkhiat sung-ah na suaksak uh hi. Mi tampi in, “ Tha ngah ungh,” ci-in lai le kam tawh hong zasak kik uh hi. Tu’n “Pasian in Zomite Hong Zangh” cih thu k’ong gelh hi.

Kawl gam sung bek hi lo, gamdang mun tuamtuam-ah zong Pasian naseem Zomi tampi ki-om ta hi, cih pen Zomi tangthu sung-ah a thangah huai mahmah thu khat hi dingin um ingh. I gam veeng a hi Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, India pan kipan Korea, Japan, Australia, le nitumna lam gamte ahi America, Canada, England dongin Zomi Pasian’ nasem ki-om kawikawi hi. Hih pen thu lamdangpi khat hi. A citawm mahmah Zomi, Pasian’ thu ih saan zong sawt nai lo, i pilna le i neihsa in zong hong cin’ lo hi napi, bang hangin Zomi-te gamdang mun tuamtuam-ah Pasian na seem-in ki-om thei hiam cih thu lungngaih huai ka sa hi. A hang tuamtuam a om thei dingte lak pan “Zomi kizelh khiatna (migration),” “Pilna, Sum le Paai zonna,” “Kha Khan’lawhna le a Gah” cih thu thum a tom-in en ni.

Zomi Kizelhkhiatna (Migration)

Taangthu kante in Zomite Tibet gam nisuahna-sak lam pawl pan hong kipanin Kawlgam-ah hong lal uh-a, Chindwin le Ayeyarwady gunte ii nitumna lam dung suk-ah tawlkhat teeng uh hi, ci hi. Tua pan hong lal-in nitumna lam zuan uh-a saklam-a-te Kawlpi zaang dung-ah, le khanglam-a-te zong mual le zaang kicin’-ah tawlkhat a teen’ khit uh teh, mualtung lam zuan-in tu laitak-a i teen’na Zogam mualtung-ah khua saat uh hi, ci-in na gelh uh hi. Mualtung-ah kum tampi mah kiteeng-a tu ni dong kiteeng lai hi.

Ahi zong kum 1900 khit-a ki pan pawlkhatte Kawlzang lam zuan-in nun’taakna ol zaw zon’ kipan kik uh hi. Tuma kum sawmnga pawl (1950s) pan tuni dong ahih leh pilna le sum zong-in khuapi sung kizuan hi. Kawlpi, Mandalay, Yangon le khuapi tuamtuam-te-ah Zomi tampi mah kiteeng khin hi. A diak-in Mandalay le Yangon khuapite-ah inn le lo nei tampi ki-om ta hi. Tua ciang bek tawh khawl lo-in gamdang kizuan lai hi. Tuhun teh gamdang-ah lalkhia-a a teeng tampi ki-om ta hi.

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Pilna, le Sum le Paai Zonna

I khawhsa kikhamlo, sumbawl sumzuak lah kimapai lo ahih hang hiam, Zomi te’n pilna ki zong mahmah hi. Pilna neite’n Kumpi nasep pen sum zon’na-in kinei hi. Tua ahih manin, Kawlgam sung minam dangte sangin, i mimal phazah tawh kizui-in, laithei mipil kitam zaw-a kumpi naseem zong kitam zaw hi.

Ahi zong ki-ukna kikheel-in, pilna zon’na, nasep zon’na, sum zon’na hong haksat teh gamdang paikhiat ding kihanciam ciat hi. Kum 1960 huam pawl-a kipan gam nuam zaw-ah lalkhiat kipan hi. 1970 huam sungin gamdang-ah a teeng honkhat ki-om ta hi. 1990 khit-in gamdang kinak pai mahmah ta-a tuni dong kitawlnga lo hi. Mimal bek hi lo-in innkuankuan-in kitung hi. Tun’tun’na-ah sep theih ciat kiseem-in nun’tak na’ng kizong ciat hi.

Gamdang a tungmasate inn le lo, le nasep kician tak tawh kiptak in kalsuan ta uh hi. Tunai lam aa tungte ahih leh nun’tak nading zong-in kibuai mahmah lai hi. Khangno zawdeuh pawlkhat-te saang kah kik-in lukhu neelkai zong ngah uh-a, nasep hoih ngah-in khasum tampipi a sang zong ki-om ta hi. A huam-in ci leeng nasep ngah theihna mun leh meltheih lawm le gual om nana kizuan hi. Tua ahih manin a mi in a kitawm lai hang mun khat bek-ah omkhawm cih om lo-in khua tuamtuam le mun le gam tuamtuam-ah kizeel hi.

Kha Khan’lawhna Thupha

Tuma kum zakhat lai pawl-in sangmaangte in Zomite kiangah Pasian’ khuavak hong puak uh hi. Amau’ nasepna tungtawn-in Pasian’ thu i saan’, tu’n a kumza hong cing hi ta-a, kum za cin’na pawi i bawl thei ta hi. Kum tampi sung mah saangmangte’n hong pantah-in hong makaih uh hi. Ih gam ki-ukzia hong kikheel teh sangmangte kiciahsak hi. Tua-a kipan pawlpi sung-ah ei le ei in kimakaih-in kikalsuan hi.

Tua bang laitak 1970 kiim in Pawlpi sung ah Kha khan’lawhna pi khat hong tung hi. Hih khan’lawhna hangin mitampi ii lungsim kikheel-a, Pasian’ nasep ii a man phatna kimu-in kisang thei hi. Hunbit-a i sep ciang bek-a Pasian’ nasem hi lo-in, thu-um mi khem peuh in i sep theih bangbang-a sep ding hi ci-in Laisaingtho’ hilhna bangin kipom hi

. Hih khan’lawhna ii a gahte en kik leeng Zomite tungtawn-in Kawlgam sung mun

tuamtuam-ah Pasian’ thu a kizelhna kimu thei hi. Hunbit naseemte bek hi lo-in, galkap, kumpi naseem, sumbawl, le saangnaupang a kuamah ciat in a tun’tun’, a om-omna-ah hangsan tak-in Jehovah Pasian min pulak-in gupkhiatna thu gen-a, biakpiakna bawlin, pawlpi kiphut kawikawi hi. Yangon le Mandalay khuapite-ah tuma kum sawmli (1970s) lai-in Zomite’ makaih Pawlpi khat le nih bek om hi. Tu’n Zomite’ makaih Pawlpi kiphah zihziah ta hi. Laisiangtho sang zong tampi kinei hi. Kawlgam khuapi tampi-ah Zomite’ hanciamna tawh a piang Pawlpi tampi om khin ta hi. Mission lam mipilte’n “Lungdamna thu kizelhsak nading-a a hoih pen sep zia in Pawlpithak phuhkhiat ahi hi” ci uh hi. Pasian in Zomite’ nasep hoih mahmah khat hong guan’

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khin hi.

Khan’lawhna hangin Pasian’ thuthuk sin nopna nakpi-in khang-a, Laisiangtho saangnaupang tampi hong piangkhia hi. Gamdang-ah pilna saangpipi sin-in kipaikhia-a mipil zong tampi kinei ta hi. I muhna i theihna, i upna hong khangin i ngaihsutna zong hong sang zaw hi. Nidang-a i kihtakna, i launa, i kineuseeknate hong bei zaw-in, leitung mong dong-in Pasain’ mizat te hi ding hi hang, cih upna kinei ta hi.

Leitung Mong Dongin

(Sawltak 1:8)

Hi bang teng tawh Zomite Zogam pan Leitung mong dong kizeel khia hi. I tun’tun’na-ah Pasian’ thu mah ki nun’takpih-in kimasuan ciat hi. Nih le thum omnate-ah biakpiak khopna kinei hi. A pawl cing zawdeuhna munte-ah pawlpi thak phuan-in kimakaih hi. Sia seem thei dingte kiseem sak hi. Zomi sung bek hi lo, Kawlgammi minam tuamtuamte lak, bek tham lo in, gamdangmi innteekte lak mahmah-ah zong Pasian’ na kiseem hi. Khasum bang zahzah sang uh hiam cih dotna om thei zel aa, “Pasian in vaak uh hi” cih tawh kidawng kik zeel hi

Hih gamdang-a Pasian’ naseem a tam zaw pen ih gam-ah Pasian’ nasem sa vive hi uh hi. Gamdang a tun’ ciangin zong a lungtang uh-ah Pasian’ nasep ding bei thei lo uh hi. Bang cih leng ka tun’tun’ ka om-omna-ah Pasian’ na seem thei ding ka hiam cih tawh kalsuan uh hi. A omsa pawlpi beel-in, a hih kei leh Pasian’ na sep theih nading lampi zong-in kipan tawmm uh hi. Missionary, saangsia, le inntek pawlpi tawh kizom-a a seem khat le nih in khasum man tak-in sang uh hi. Pawlkhatte a pawlpi uh pan huhna kipia hi. Pawlkhatte amau le amau in huhna ngen tawmm-in seem uh hi. A tam zaw pen khasum saang lo, a nun’tak nading nasep dang seem kawm uh hi. Pawlu bang aa “Puanbuk Khui” (Tent Maker) nasep tawh Pasian’ naseem vive hi.

Hih ci bangin Zomite’n zong tu hun nunung sung-ah “Leitung mong dong-in” Pasian’ thu kizeekkhia ta hi. Pasian in Zomite hong zang kei i ci thei diam? A nuai-a mimalte leh a Pasian’ nasep nate sim leeng tha ngah mahmah ding hong lam en ingh. Zomi aw, thahat in la hangsan in. Topa in taanglai in Joshua a ompih bangin nang tawh hong omkhawm hi. Pasian minthang ta hen.

(Theihding: Amin, a nasep le a sepna pawlpi, a khua, pawlpi sung minam tuamtuamte, leh a dang nasep thupite ka ngah masak a banban-in k’ong gelh hi. Address kimtak-in kingah zo lo, le gelh khin leeng hong saulua ding ahih manin k’ong gelh nawn kei hi. Siate a vekpi phial in ordaination ngahsa vive hi. Doctorate ngahsate a min nung-ah kong guang hi. Information, a diak in Asia sung-a-te, deih zah kingah zo lo hi. Zomi ka cih ciang Chin buppi a gen nuam ka hi hi. Column 4-na-a minam tuamtuamte’ min munah amau pawlpi ii kilawh dan, zat dan-in k’ong at hi. Khialhna a om leh hong maisak un.)

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USA

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Amin Nasep, le Nasep na mun Khua le gam (state) A kihel minam

tuamtuam

Nasep thupi

dang

Zam King Mang Pastor, Oregon Myanmar Christian ChurchLay Pastor, City Bible Church (English)

Portland, OR Bama, Kayin, Kachin, Chinese, Chin

Chin Khua Khai (Ph.D.-ICS),

Pastor, Myanmar Full Life Mission ChurchAssoc. Pastor, Bethany Church

(English)

Alhambra (Los Angeles), CA

Bama, Kayin, Kachin, Shan, Chinese, Chin

-ISOM Bible School-Lay Mission

for Myanmar

Chin Do Kham (D.Min., Ph.D.)

Pastor of Ministry Development, Light House of Hope Assembly

Melrose Park, IL English congregation

James Lian Khen Thang

Pastor (Home Visit), Calvary Burmese Church.

NW, Washington, D.C.

Bama, Chin, Kayin, Chinese,

Kachin, Shan

Abraham Cin En Thang

Pastor, Myanmar Indigenous Evangelization

Fort Wayne, IN Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Bama,

Pao

David Laisum (D. Min.)

Pastor, Myanmar Christian FellowshipAssociate Pastor, First Baptist

Church

Bethel Creek, MI Chin, Bama, Kayin, Kachin

Moses R. Thawng Cung

Peter Van Hnuai Sum

Pastor, Gospel Baptist Church (1989)

Assoc. Pastor

Frederick, MD Rockville, MD

(Washington, DC)

Chin, Kachin, Kayin

Church Planting

Thlaawl Bawi Hrin

(D.Min.)

Pastor, Chin Community Church

(2001)

Indianapolis, IN Chin Refugees

Khua Cin Thang Pastor, Chin Baptist Bethel Creek

Michigan, IL Chin

Chum Awi (STD)Ngun AwiZam Mang

Pastor, Chin Baptist ChurchPastorPastor

Dallas, TX Chin

Grinson Van Lian Muang

Pastor, Gospel Baptist Church Atlanta, Georgia Chin

Thawng Ling Indianapolis, IN Chin

Thomas Thang Khen Mang

Pastor, Indiana Burmese Christian Fellowship (2004)

Greenwood, IN Bama, Chin, Karen, Kachin

Kham Khan Khai (D.Min. Cand) Vung Za Niang

Pastor, Myanmar Christian Church (1997)Assoc. Pastor

Tulsa, OK Chin, Kayin Bible School in Myanmar

Kam Khan Kap Assoc. Pastor, Life Tabernacle (UPC)

Tulsa, OK English congregation

Suan Za Lian Pastor, Burmese Christian Assembly (2005)

Tulsa, OK Chin

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Seikam Touthang Pastor, Asian Baptist Church Tulsa, OK Chin, Nepalese,

English

Dim Lun Zam & John Thang Hum

Adult Sunday School Teacher & Director of Evangelism, First

Assembly of God

Laredo, TX English Congregation

-PhiladelphiaCaring Center

-Gate of Praise

Do Sian Pau Pastor, Myanmar Assembly of God (2003)

Fort Lauderdale, FL

Chin, Kachin, Bama, Pa-O

Eddie Ngin HangTuang Khan Nang Tun Cin Kap

Pastor, Zomi Baptist Church Asst. PastorAsst. Pastor

Hollywood, FL Zomi

Kham Do Thang Pastor, Myanmar Mission Church

Hollywood, FL Chin

Thomas Thawng Lian KhupThang Khen Mang

Pastor, First Burmese Christian Church (2004)Asst. pastor

Hollywood, FL Chin, Bama, Kayin,

Biak Hlei Mang (D. Min.; Ph. D. cand.)

Pastor, Myanmar Christian Church of Metro Chicago

Chicago, IL Chin

Joshua Lian Lay Pastor, Washington

Myanmar Christian Fellowship (2002)

Kent, WA Chin, Kachin,

Bama, Kayin

James Sing Za Khai (M.B., B.S.)

Mission Pastor, New Hope Church

Pittsburgh, PA Caucasian, Black, Asian

Stephen Hrekio (Ph.D.)

Consultant, Bible Translation Peres Acres Yigo, Guam

Shoba Sharma Moderator, Living Water Christian Fellowship

Pasadena, CA Chin, Bama

Biak Ceu Atlanta Chin Baptist Church Norcross, Georgia Chin

Chin Evangelical Baptist Church Indianapolis, IN Chin

Indiana Chin Baptist Church Indianapolis, IN Chin

Chin Baptist Mission Church Silver Spring, MD Chin

Falam Baptist Church Frederick, MC Chin

Rollin Van Bik Pastor, Lai Baptist Church

Mizo Methodist Church Frederick, MD Mizo

Jacob Rodawla Pastor, Mizo Presbyterian Church

Gaithersburg, MD Mizo

Mizo Seventh Day Adventist Church

Tacoma Park, MD Mizo

Hlawn Ceu

Khuatinthang

Pastor, Chin Baptist Church Battle Creek, NE Chin

Judson Zo Lian Bawi

Pastor, Emmanuel Christian Church

Battle Creek, MI Chin

David Biakkoong Pastor, Lai Baptist Church Battle Creek, MI Chin

Ezra Lal Nei Thang Pastor, Chin-Burmese Community Church

Kent, WA Bama, Chin

Gospel Baptist Church Battle Creek, MI Chin

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CANADAHaupi Tombing Music Director, Vancouver, BC Caucasian, Asian

Chin Baptist Church Ottawa, ON Chin

Ottawa Chin Believers Fellowship Ottawa, ON Chin

Ngun Cung Lian Pastor, Chin Christian Fellowship Vancouver, BC Chin

UKPau Khan Mung

(Th.D.)

Pastor, Jubilee International

Burmese Church

London Chin, Bama,

Kayin, Chinese, Indian,

David Haokip Thawngkhoyam

Pastor, Friends of Myanmar London

JAPANJoseph Raltong

Zo Than Sang

Pastor, Myanmar Christian Mission

Center (Central Gloria Church)Asst. pastor

Tokyo

Tuang Khan Khup Pastor, Myanmar Revival Christian

Fellowship

Tokyo

Rev. Joseph Raltong Pastor, Mizo Christian Fellowship Tokyo

Ronald Lawm BikNgun Thawng Lian

Pastor, Lai Christian Fellowship Asst. Pastor

Tokyo

AUSTRALIASai Lian Thang, Pastor, Melbourne Chin Christian

Fellowship

Melboune Chin, Bama,

Gin Do Dal Pastor, Melbourne Burmese Community Church (1997)

Melbourne Chin, Bama Australia-

Myanmar Mission

Issac Lian Khen

Cin

Pastor, Myanma Baptist Church Perth

Mang Za Suan, Founder and Director, God’s Trio

Partners for Mission (Myanmar)

Melbourne Myanma

r Mission

Jafeth Lian, Pastor, Victorian Chin Baptist

Fellowship,

Perth

Sian Khan Thang Pastor, Burmese Christian Fellowship

Adelaide

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PHILIPPINESThang Ngaihte

(D.Min.) family

Missionary (OMF)

Faculty, ATS

Manila

Dennis Shu Maung (D.Min.)

D.Min. coordinator, Union Theological Seminary

Manila

Lian Sian Mung Faculty in Trainning, APTS Baguio

SINGAPOREEsther Lam Ciin Pastor, Elim Church (Myanmar

Fellowship)Singapore Chin, Kayin ,

Kachin, Kaya, Shan, Mon, Lahu, Wa, Naga, Bama

Khaimeng Pastor, Charis Assemblies of God Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Bama

Lalrinkima Pastor, Mizo Christian Fellowship Mizo

Zomi Inkuan

Lai Christian Fellowship

Falam Christian Fellowship

MALAYSIAHang KapKhupsan

Volunteers, Zomi Christian Fellowship

Zomi Refugee

THAILANDPa Ni Maung Pastor, Calvary Baptist Church

(Myanmar Service)Bangkok Bama, Kayin,

Chin, Shan, Kachin

Cingneu Pastor, Zomi Christian Fellowship Bangkok Zomi

Lungdam kohna

Thu kaihkhopna-ah hong huh ahi Rev. Gin Do Dal, Pa Kam Za Pau, Dr. Chin Do Kham, Dr. Pau Khan Mung, Nu Julia Man Ngaih Hau, Rev. Cin En Thang, Rev. Kham Khan Khai, Rev. Kham Do Thang, Tg. Hang Khan Lian, Rev. Esther Ciin, Pa Ngo Cin Thawng, Tg. Lian Kam, Tg. Pau Cin Lian, Rev. Dim Lun Zam, Dr. David Lai Sum, Dr. Chum Awi, Rev. Suan Za Lian, Dr. Sing Za Khai, Rev. Do Sian Pau, leh Rev. Zam King Mang-te tung-ah kilungdam mahmah hi.

[Hih lai, 14 JUN 2005 TUE ni-in, kingah hi.]

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Nelson Tonu Kiang Hawhna (June 12-14, 2003)

Rev. Tg. Tun Cin Kap (Kaptawng)

Nelson Tonu’ inn

Norton, Kansas, USA

"Lungdamna thu hong puakte’ khe in etlawm zen mah si e." (Rom.10:15)

America gam nun’taak nopsakna teng nusia-in Zogam-ah Pasian’ thu hong puak Nelson tonu leh a tanute ka muh ciangin Pasian’ hong itna ka phawk seemseem-a, a meelte uh etcim lo-in, a thugente uh ka ngaihcim thei kei hi. Maitang kimu-a, kam kikup khop thiehna hunpha hong pia Topa' min ka phat hi. No zong tawmcik beek k’ong hawm sawn nuam hi.

June 8 ni-in Nelson tonu, phone tawh ka sap le a tanu upen Lois tawh ka kiho-a, ka hawh nopna ka gen hi. Ka khua hong dong pah-a, “Mualpi pan hi'ng,” ka cih leh, “Oh, Do Bawk’ khua” (late Rev. Thuam Khan Do, Tahan Tuiphum Pawlpi pastor & founder of Kaley Valley Baptist Association) hong ci pah lian-in ka hawh nopna hong khang seemseem hi. June 12 ni teh hawh dingin ka kigen uh-a, “Nitaak an hong ging ning in zannih bang hong taam teeiteei in,” hong ci hi. June 12 ni sun in ka dingkhia-a, lam kalah mawtaw (car) hawl kawm-in ka kimuh teh bangci ho ding ,cih khawng ngaihsun-in ka pian’na ka nu mu ding zah -n lawpin ka nehno hi. Tai 300 bang ka hawl khit ciangin nitaak 5:30-in ka tung hi. Lois in kongbiang-ah hong dawn-in tuivot hong suah khit ciang “Ka nu na muh nop pah leh,” ci'n innnuai-ah hong paipih pah-in, Nelson tonu tawh ka ki mu peetmah hi. Tedim pau thei lai cih za ka hih man in, “Dam maw,

tonu?" ci ding ka cih leh ka aw tung zo nawnlo in “Dam maw?” bek ka ci thei-a, khut kileen-in nuamna khitui tampi luanghi.

Zogam thucin’ thutang ka kikum pah uh hi. Nelson topa pen 1990-in hong nusia ahi hi. Tonu pen kum 86 pha-in tanu thum nei-a, Lois leh Karen tawh khuakhat-ah teeng khawm uh-a, a nau tum peen Phyllis khua dangah teeng hi. Tedim pan a ciah-un Lois kum 11 pha-a, Tedim gam thu tampi tak thei lai-in, a nu tawh kikum khawm thei lai uh hi. Tu-in Lois in zong pension la khin ta-in, a unau teng-un ta leh tu tampi ciat nei uh hi. A unau teng-un ei’ pau a theih lai uh khat in, “Ci mawkmawk” ahi hi. Nitaak ciangin amau’ video ka en uh hi. USA pan-in hong paikhiatna-a kipan Tedim khua bulphuh-in a nasepnate uh hong lak hi. Lois a suah dingin Tedim panin India a paina vuah Mualpi tawn kha-in a video-te zong ka en uh-a, ka khuapihte ahih hangin Rev. Kham Khaw Kai sim loh ka theih om lo hi. “Hih video sung-a naupangte zong teek ta ding hi,” hong ci uh hi. Kei zong ka lah dingin khualam video leh maan (lim) pawlkhat ka pua-a, “Zingteh en ni,” ka cih leh, tonu in, “ Tu nitaak mah-in en-pah ni, mu nuam pah ingh,” a cih teh ka lawmpa Sia Piangno’ mopawi video, Tedim khua mun thupi teng om ahih manin ka en uh hi. Tedim khuapi sung lampi-ah mivaak zong

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tam-in, inn zong dawl 4 bang a muh uh teh a nuta-un lamdang sa-in awng-awng liang uh-a, ko om lai tawh kikhai mahmah, khangto mahmah hi, ci uh hi. Tonu in ei’ pau tawh, “lamdang ka sa mahmah hi” hong cikhia-a, mikang khat ei’ pau -a pau ka zaak masakna ahih manin ka lungdam lua-a, ka bil-ah khum-in, ka diip hong zensuk-in, ka nakngek hong nasak hi. “I feel great wonder” a cihna a hi na? ci-in hong dong kik hi.

Nelson topnu pen a teek hangin a lungsim tei mahmah lai-in, Khamtung khuate leh Leilum, Lawibual, Sakollam cihte thei mahmah lai hi. June 13 ni zing-an neek khit phet-in kei’ video-te ka en leeuleeu uh-a, TTBA Silver Jubilee-a video sunga kihel a sang naupang lui Rev. Thawng Khaw Nang leh Rev. Khup Khen Thang-te a muh ciangin lungdam phadiak hi. Tua ban-ah Rev. I. Zen Thawng leh Sia Job Thawngno-te' sermon-te zong ka en suak uh-a, amau’ nasepna leh a pan’munte zong ka gen hi. Video et kawm-in, Pasian’ thu bek hi lo, pilna siamna hong pantah na hih man-un cihtaak takei leh ka lungdam lahna, ci-in tonu Zo puandum khat le Lois Zo puandum puanak a kikhui khat leh Zo niik khat ka pia hi. Sun thapaai-in video etna leh holimna-in ka zang uh hi. Lois leh Paul (Lois’ pasal) in zong hong tutpih hong etpih den-in zindo siam mahmah ka sa hi.

Nitaak ciangin tonu in “N’ong hawh theih lungdam mahmah ingh, nitaak an hong neekpih ning,” ci-in ansai China Garden-ah Lois-te nupa tawh an hong neekpih hi. Ka an neekna vuah vaimim gau zong om ahih manin, “Hih vaimim” hong ci ziau vial hi. Tua ban-ah India lam-ah a ciah lai-un Kansau Zaang-ah a an uh bei-in ni nga sung “kawlkai bekbek ka ne uh,” cih hong gen-a, ka nui ngeeingaai uh hi. Gataam, voksa, bawngsa cih khawng zong

hong gen lai hi. Nitaak ciangin “ZBCM vai za hiau bek-in a kician-in thei ke’ng, hong gen in,” ci in, kei zong ZCLS thukihupna-a kipan-in Khuasak-a ZBC tawh kikhenna thu a tom-in ka gen ciangin, “Tel ta ing in, ka lung nuam pah,” hong ci hi. Tua ban-ah Tedim man (lim)-te ka en uh-a, a sangnaupang lui a damlai ka theih teng ka gen hi.

Nelson-te Zogam hong tun’-a kipan a ciah dong uh (1939-1951) Tedim khua bulphuh-in nisim Pasian na a sepnate uh laibu-in gelh uh-a, "Rough Roads, Good Life" (Lam Haksa, Nun’taak Nuam) ci uh hi. Zogam sunga khua tampi thu kigelh-in, ei’ pau mahmah tawh zong a gelh kammal tampi om hi. Zaak nop-in theih huai tampi hong phawksak hi. Khamtung nun’taakna leh America nun’taakna sin khawm kha ka hih manin Japan gal ma-a Tedim-ah a nun’taak zia uh ka ngaihsut ciangin zahtaak huai mahmah ka sa hi. Pasian’ aading leh Zomite’ aading a thuaknate uh ka sim ciangin tam veipi tak ka khitui hong luangsak-a, Nelson tonu muh ding ka lunggulh mahmahna hong khang ahih man in a hawh ka hi hi.

Khua hong zan ta-in, kei zong ciamnuihna tawh “Tonu aw, Tedim na nusiat zia uh ka lungkim lo hi; Zato kilak dinga

Yangon paisuk pak pen a ciahsuak na hih

man-un kuamah zong mangpha khak lo hi uh

teh, tua ahih teh Tedim va ciah ni” ka cih leh “Hi mah hi, tuni dong ka lungkim thei kei, van seng lopi-a khualzin hi-in, kawm tung-a ka

man suan’te, ka kiteen’ vua letsongte a vek-in

kinusia hi. USA ka tun’ kik ciang-un zong

Pasian kiangah thungen-in America-ah om

nuam ke’ng. Zogam-ah ciah-in na seem nuam

ingh, ci-in ka kap den hi. Ahi zongin tu-in bel

teek lua ta ingh, hi thei nawn kei. Ka it Zomite

kiangah, teek mahmah ta in hunkhat peuh teh

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vantung pai ding kithawisa-in om hi, tua lai

ah kimu ni, cih Zogam na ciah teh na gensak

in," ci-in, aw liing keuhkeuh leh khitui luang pilhpelh sa-in hong vaikhak hi. Kei’ aading thu hong ngetsak khit ciangin, a tanu kiangah, “Hih tangvalpa in Zogam-ah ka leen’ lai hun nuamte hong phawk sakin ka lungnuam napi ka phawk tam lua! kalung hong leengsak hi. Tu ni-nih sung i khawl khopna ka tut hun tam ahih manin ka taksa zong gim mahmah ta ingh in lum phot ni,” ci-in, ei’ pau tawh, “Mangpha man in aw” hong cih khit teh ka kikhen uh-a, a zingteh ding baih ka hih manin ka kimu nawn kei uh hi.

Khualam ciah zah-in leh inn-a om bangin nuam ka sa hi. Ka omna ka tun’ ciangin ka email-ah, “USA gam sungah Zogam tunnu a nai peen muh theihna, Norton, Kansas hi,” cih ka gelh hi. Tonu kiangah “Na laibu bawl pen Zomite a tamzaw in sim thei lo ding ahih manin Kam Hau’ pau (ama' zat dan; Zokam cihna) tawh kigelh leh deih mahmah ingh; ka

mipihte’n zong sim nuam ciat ding uh hi; pawlpi tuamtuam om ma-in na hong seem na hih man-un, tu hun-a Zomi thu um khempeuh in deih-in sim nuam ding-in um ingh,” ka cih leh “Na deih dandan, hoih na sak dan-in na bawl,” in ci'n phalna hong pia hi. Zomite’ aading in Cope topa in ma hong pan-in khaici hong tuh-a, hong khan’suah taktak pen Nelson-te ci le’ng kikhial lo ding hi. Anneek dan, puansilh dan nangawn hong hilh-a, ih mit hong vaksak ahih man-un, tu lai khangthak Zono-te’n zong i theih ding a kilawm Zogam Pasian’ thu hong tun’ zia ahi hi. Pasian itna tawh cikmah-a theih ngei loh mite it uh ahih leh, eite in i mipih sikhat sa-khat ahi Zogam-a haksatna thuak i u i naute, bang hangin it lo-in paampaih thei ding i hi hiam? Nidang Sangmang hong seem Mikangte’ nasep maban zom ding nang leh kei i hi hi.

[Hih lai, 19 JUL 06 TUE ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zogam leh Zomite’ Khan’toh Nading a Ngaihsut Huai

Thu Pawlkhat

Tg. Thang Za Dal

Kei, hih lai at pa pen, Zogam ka muh lo zawh kum 40 bang pha ta phial ding ahih man in hih ka gelh thute tu hun tawh zong ki tuak nawn lo kha ding hi. Tua bang ahih leh zong n’ong theih siam nading-un hong thum masa nuam ing. Hih lai pen Planning Paper (Simankein bawlna lai) hi lo ahih man-in ngaihsut huai ka sak teng sung pan nam thum bek a tom theithei in k’ong gelh ding hi.

Tu ni dong i Zogam leh i minam khan’toh lohna a hang tampi omte lak-ah eimau ii i khuamuh loh man leh i bawl theih loh man-a i khan’toh lohna thu bulpi thum (3) tawm bek k’ong gelh ding hi. Tuate pen bang hiam cih leh: 1. I inn lam dan2. I an neek leh i tui dawn dan3. I singpuak, i lo khawhna-ah i vanh zatte

Hih a tung-a thu teng pen eimau’ thatang leh eimau’ theihna zah (know-how) ciangciang tawh a kibawl thei, a kilaih zo ding ahi hi. Hih teng hoih takin bawl thei lehang a manpha mahmah ahi i thatang, i hun, i sum leh i paai, i singkung i logam-te tampi tak a nuamtuam ding bek tham lo, i nun’taak dan zong tu-a i nun’taak sangin tampi tak nuamtuam zaw ding hi ci-in ka mu hi.

I. I Inn Lamm Dan

Ei Zomite in inn i lam ciangin Mikangte (Nitumna lam mite) ii inn lamm dan ngaihsutnate (architectural concepts) nei lo i hih manin inn a gol pipi, a zai pipi i lamm hi. Tua bang ih lammna a hang tuamtuamte lak-ah

(1) mi dangte dem nading

(2)nop ni, dah ni mi hong hawh, hong tutpihte tut na’ng, kihei na’ng mun a kicing tak, nuam tak-a a om theih na’ng

(3) tuk an, khal an i khawhasa ante i koih na’ng

(4) a kuamah peuh ta ki hau ciat ahih manin i tate lup na’ng leh om na’ng mun a kicing tak-a kisapna hang, leh

i vanh zat tuamtuam te i koih nading

cih bang te ahi hi.

Hih a tung-a a kigelh a hang tuamtuamte ngaihsutna tawh i lam hi ta mah leh i inn pen gol em-am (ahih kei leh) zai mahmah bek-in a kicing tak in kizangh thei tuan khol lo hi.

Mikangte’n inn a lam uh ciangin gual leh lawmte dem nadiing-a kiphatsakna tawh a

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lamm a hih kei nak leh functionality a kici geelna tawh a lamm uh hi. Hih functionality ii a khiatna bulpi pen bang hiam cih leh i lamm ding inn ii a golna ahi zong in, a zaina ahi zongin, a niamna/a saan’na pan -a ki pan a inn sung-ah khan (room)-te deih dan pan -a kipan a kisam lian ding teng bek ngaihsutna tawh lamm uh ahih manin om nuam, zat nuam bek dom lo-in kicing mahmah hi. A inn lammna-ah a zat uh vanh te zong a tuan a vaal om lo-in a kisam zah leh a kisam ding lian teng bek zangh uh ahih manin sum leh paai ahi zongin, thagui thatang ahi zongin, a hunte a hi zongin a tuan a vaal bei lo hi. Tua ahih manin a inn uh a pua lam pan en le’ng neu bang ahih hangin a sung lam pen kicing thei mahmah hi.

Tua hi-in i Zogam sungah mai lam-ah inn i lamm ciangin i ngaihsut ding thu tawmno khat k’ong gen nuam hi. Tuate pen bang hiam cih leh:

1. I inn khum (roof) ding pen sikkang khawng man ham pipi-a i lei-a gamla pi pan i puak sang-in i Gamgai/Limkhai suangpeek cih bangte i pu i pate’ hun lai-a zat bang-in i zat kik na’ng;

2. Tua suangpeek omna tawh a kigamlaatna mun te-ah innkhum ding pen singpeek thuap thum thuap li baang pen oksuang (brick) cian dan-in zat ding/ahih kei leh suangpeek mawkmawk te zong kizangh thei. (Gentehna-in Switzerland gam sung pan Swiss Italian-te’ teen’na Tessin Canton leh Italy gam saklam sung bang-ah hih bang suangpeek mawkmawk te nak zat mahmah uh hi).

3. Ih gam pen a diakdiak-in phalbi sung vot mahmah ahih manin i pang (wall), i sual (floor) leh ceiling cih bangte singpeek tawh thuap nih (double-layer) bangin hih le’ng a

pua lam pan a vot hong lut zo khol lo ding-a a lum ding-a i zat sing khuul-te tampi tak nuamtuam ding hi. Tua ban-ah tua singte kum sial-a a tom i numeite ii a man pha lua thatang leh hunte zong nakpi takin nuamtuam ding hi.

II.. I An Neeek leh I Tui Dawn Dan

Nisial phiall-a i neek Zo ante - gentehna: vaimiim, kaithum (kawlkai), cih bangte pen Mangbuh vui (wheat flour) a kibawl Mivomte/Mikangte’ an neek uh Rothi/Plata leh Pongmoh (bread) cih bang tuamtuamte tawh 50 % bang beek laih zo le’ng ut huai hi. Tua bek tham lo-in sa (meat) leh i an meh huan dante zong Sente (Chinese)-te’ huan dan tawh i laih ding kisam ta hi. Ei’n sa khawng an teh khawngte i huan teh nai 2 nai 3 bang i huan tazen hi. Sente’n sa hi ta leh anteh hi ta leh a huan/a kan uh teh minute 20/30 kaan huan/kang lo uh hi. Amau’ huan dan tawh a ki huan ante pen vitamin pan-a kipan i si leh i sa’ aadiing a kisam vitamin tuamtuamte zong bei mang lo hi.

III. Ih Singpuak, Ih Lokhawhna-ah I Vanh

Zatte

I lo khawhna-ah i vanh zatte en le’ng i pu i pate’ hun lai tangtawng pek pan-a a kizangh den vanh teng bek mah i zangh lai mawk hi. Tua vanh tuamtuamte a zat nop zaw dingin i bawlpha tuam (improve) peuhmah kei hi. Gentehna-in: i kawltu zatte bang a kung tom mahmah ahih manin lo i khawh, khai i tuh ciangin i kuun den kul ahih manin lokuante a kawng uh na bek dom lo-in a hun manpha tampi zong a mawk beipih hi. Tua bang kawltu khawngte pen a kung sau sak lehang kuun kuul het lo-a din’ lam-a zong lo a kikho thei ding kimlai. Tua teh an cii i pawi ciangin ei’n i kawltu mah tawh i to-a i tuh hi. Siik ka zum 3

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hiam 4 hiam om khat tawh mi khat in a din’ lam-in lei khawh henla a dang khat in anciite a nungzui-in phum leh. I an ciin’te lak-ah po lopa (grass)-te bot khiat nading zong ei’n i kawltu mah i zangh hi. Hih nitumna lam-a te’˜n siik kawi 3 hiam, 4 hiam a om kawltu khat tawh a din’ lam-in botkhia ziuuziau uh ahih manin a kawng lah na lo, a nasep ding teng lah man baih uh hi.

A tung-a ngaihsutna (idea) tuamtuamte zangh thei le’ng i hunte, i thatang te leh i sum i paaite mawk bei nawn lo ding hi.

Thukhupna:

A tung-a ngaihsut tuak/huai thute (food for thought) a lunglut a om leh i biakna lam pawlpi tuamtuamte’n makai-in vaihawm leh piang thei dingin ka um hi. Tua bangin well-organized movement khat mah in a makaih kei leh (initiative a laak kei leh) mimal sial (individual) in pan thei lo/pan nuam lo kha ding hi.. Hih teng ban-ah i Zogam sung

khan’toh na’ng khat peuhpeuh i bawl nop hangin a kizangh thei ding a kikaikhawmsa statistics/data om peuhmah nai lo ahih manin Planning pen kibawl thei vet lo hi. Gentehna ci mai ni: Khua khat sungah mihing om zah - nupi/pasal kum 70 val bangzah om; kum 60-70 pha bangzah om; kum 50-60 pha bang zah om, etc.; meigong tagah bangzah om; lo leh inn neih bangzah om; khuamite a cidam siang sitset bangzah om; etc., etc. Hih bang data/statistics a kicing tak in i kaihkhop kei leh i gambup aading gen loh khua khat bek zong i lap toh na’ng haksa kha ding hi.

Thang Za Dal pen Lophei khua pan

hi-in kum 60 pha ta hi. 1978 pan

kipan Germany-ah om hi. A zi pen

Shan-te hi-in tanu khat nei uh hi. A

tanu in Zo min bek nei-in tu laitak

Hamburg University-ah lai a sin

laitak hi.

[Hih lai, 15 AUG 05 MON ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zomite America Tun’ Dan leh Nun’taak Zia

Tawmkhat

Tg. Ngaih Lian Swante

Guwahati, India

Kum 1950 kiim-a kipan Kawlgam leh Vaigam Zomite’ teen’na munah missionary a hong pai sangmangte’ deihsakna tawh Zomi laithei masa nih leh thum in pilna sin dingin ei’n America i cih ziau (United States of America, a tak-a States a kici zaw) USA-ah kum nih kum thum sung sangkah-in, a man uh ciangin inn lamah hong ciah zeel uh hi. Tua banga a ki-om laitak 1962 kum Kawlgam kumpi ki-ukna pen mipi’ thuneihna pan aana tawh galkap ukna-ah hong kikheel ciangin Zomi laipil masa pawlkhat in Japan, England, USA leh Germany zuan uh-a, pawlkhat hong ciah kik-in pawlkhat om den uh hi. Hun hong pai zeel-in Kawlgam galkap ki-ukna deihlo sangnaupangte leh galkapte kikaal-ah nimit 8.8.88 ni-a buaina thupi tak hong pian’ ciangin Kawlgam-a om Zomi tampi takin nun’taak nuam zaw leh bit zaw ding zongin a gamveng ahi Thailand leh India-a kipan a tunga i gensa gamte banah S.Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Guam, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Norway leh Jamaica zuat theih bangin zuan-in Vaigam Zomite zong hong lawh uh hi. Tua bangin sak leh khanga om Zomite, Thailand leh Malayasia lo buang dingin America-ah kitam om peen hi, ci leng kikhial lo ding hi. A hang pen Zomite bek hi lo-in leitung mi khempeuh utna gam hi-in, mi namkim omna gam suak ta hi. Sum-le-paai zon’na-a kipan na sep zia tawh kisai-in gam khangtote kibang taangpi hi. Ahi zongin Singapore leh Japan

khawng tawh America a kibat lohna pen mihing suahtakna taktak a om banah mawtaw-a kipan inn ciang dong kilei thei pahpah hi. Tua banah America pen leitunga ‘a peenpeen’ tamna peen gama kigen ahi hi. A kigenna panin‘Americate’n mawtaw hoih peen lampi hoih peen-ah hawl uh-a, inn nuam peen-a a tam teen’na peen gam hi’, kici hi. Bek tham loin, ‘mimal suahtakna a taktakin a kizatna, pilna leh hauhna zon’ nadinga a olsamna peen

gam hi’, kici lai hi. Uang gen lai leeng mi pawlkhatte ngial in ‘America-a teengte vangam maleep, America pen vangam neuzaw hi’, ci uh hih tuak. Tua bang liangtak bel hi saam kei, leitung mah hi.

Zomite Tun’zia:

America-ah Zomite a lom-a a tun’ zawh sawt nai lo hi. Tel gen mahmah leeng, kum 2001 (September 11 ma)-a Guam tuikulha omte a tun’ uh ciang leh Thailand khuapi Bangkok pan Mexico tawna paite hong tun’ uh ciang hi pan hi. Tua ma teng pen gamdang tembawpi zuite US a tun’ uh cianga tuak sim, S. Korea leh gamdang pawlkhat-a kipan US tung ding tembawpite zui sim, khawmpi leh sangkah a pai kileh kik nawn lo, leh DV ngahte bek ahi hi. Sangkah-a paite a sang man ciangun America company-ah sepna nei-in, tua company in a om theihna ding saisak hi. Biakna sangkah-a pai pawlkhatte ahih leh i theihteksa bangin a omna Pawlpi in a zatnop pawlkhat om uh ahih manin, a om theihna ding

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vaihawmpih uh hi. Vaihawmpih i cih ciangin Permanent Residence (Green Card) ngetsakin a ngah leh kum nga khit ciangin American Citizen suak thei cihna hi. DV kici pen Diversity Visa cihna hi. America kumpi in leitung gam bangzah hiam DV-a a kihel thei ding teeltuam nei hi (Kawlgam kihel-a, India kihel lo). Tua gamte pan kum simin DV form hawmin, a utte’n ngen (lotto system) in, Zomi bangzah hiam in zong ngah hi. Hih a ngahte in ngeina bangin a teen’na gam passport leh a gam sunga US Consulate zumah lai poimawh teng bawlsak-in a hunlap-in a paina ding letmat lei-in lut uh hi. US leitang a tun’ uh ciangin Green Card leh Work Authorization Card ngah nading siausak pah uh hi. Kha nih/thum sung in nasep phalna lai ngahsak-a, kum khat sungin teen’ theihna lai ngah thei uh hi. Tua teen’ theihna lai a ngah zawh kum nga a cin’ ciangin a gammi suahna (citizenship) siausak thei uh hi. Tua lo-in America a lutsa khat peuh in Refugee kici-in Political Asylum ngenin, mi tam zawte in ngah hi. Kamsiatna pan kamphatna ci ding i hiam, America kumpi in Kawlgam galkap ki-ukna pen deih lo ahih manin, Kawlgama kipante aadingin ngah hamsa lua lo suak hi. DV ngahte mah bangin asylum ngahte in a ngah zawh kum thum a cin’ ciangin om den theihna siau thei-in, a ngah leh kum nga a cin’ ciangin a gammi suahtheihna siau thei leeuleeu hi. Tua bangin Green Card a ngah khat peuh in a innkuanpih a zi leh tate (kum 21 nuaisiah) sam thei-a, citizen a ngah uh ciangin a pian’na nu leh pa-a kipan a ut leh a meeltheihte sap nading siau thei hi. Hi- bang teng tawh a kigawm toto pen tu ciangin America ah Zomi tampi i om ta hi. Lungdam hang!

Zomite’ Nun’taak zia:

America a tung Zomite’ nun’taak zia i cih ciangin omna inn leh mawtaw, sang kahna,

nasepna, biakna leh minam vaia gamtat zia teng huamsakin i kikum ding hi.

a) Inn leh mawtaw: America-ah omna ding inn leh lampaina ding mawtaw lo tawh lemtaang thei lo hi. Inn bek hi lo-in mawtaw pen nasep kuanna-a kizang ahih manin a lo thei lo hi. Mun dang khat peuh-ah nasep kisuanna a om ciangin omna ding inn (apartment) kizong pah-a, a veng leh a mun tawh kizui-in a saap kibang lo hi. A pongpi lupna khan khat omte kha khat zaguk-in kisaap-a, nih omte ahih leh zagiat pan zakua-in kisaap hi. I lut ding ciangin security deposit leh kha nih saap ding (kha masa leh kha nunung) piak pah kul hi. Fridge leh oven lo buang zat tawm ding bangmah om lo hi. I nutsiat ding ciangin van teng i hepkhiat banah puahsiang sinsen kul hi. I puah kei leh a puah man ding ong piasak veve uh hi. America-a om naseem khat pen mawtaw nei zo teeiteei dinga lamet hi. Mawtaw pen a kizangsa ahih leh dollar tulkhat pan a tung siah tawh kilei-a, a thak leh a lui (a hoih zawdeuhte) ahih leh instalment dana lei ding tam mahmah hi. I Credit a hoih kei leh midang khat’ huhna tawh lei kulsak uh hi. Inn lei tawh kisai ahih leh ei lam mah bangin town house leh single house om hi. Single house-te dollar tulza leh sawmnga pan a tungsiah hi-a, a khua leh mun tawh kizui-in a man kilamdang hi. Kum sawmthum sung piak dinga kiciam hi zawdeuha, dollar tul 150 – 200 ciang mante khasimin 1500-2000 (approx.) piakin kilei thei hi. Sumtang (cash) tul sawmlehnga pan sawmnih bang nei zo lehang,inn kizong thei hi. Eilam banga veng-le-paam tawh kihawhhawh cih bang om lo ahih manin TV leh computer pen naupangte lawm hoih peen suak pah ahih manin Zomi sungah hoihna sangin siatna tun’ zaw thei lai hi. Pilvan’ huai mahmah.

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b) Sangkahna: America gama sangkah i gen ciangin a masa-in i gam pana dikri ngah khinte in a ban secular/theology sin-a a kahte hi phadiak hi. Tua bang kah lakah tangval lai sangin papi tam zaw hi. Papite in a sangsiate deihsakna tawh kum khat khit ciangin a zi leh tate sam-in sang kahsak thei hi. A zi in innngak leh part time-in restaurant ahih kei leh sang huang sungah sep theih a neih bangbang seem-in kilawhna neisak thei uh hi. Innkuan pawlkhatte ahih leh a pa in a laisim a man ciangin innlam ciah nawn lo-in om suak theih dan ding lampi zongin ahi thei bangbangin nungta uh hi. Khangno a tam zawte ahih leh laisim a man uh ciangin innlamah ciahkik zaw tawh kibang hi. Khangno lakah mi tawmkhatte a laisim hun a sawt theithei dingin bawl-in om niloh uh-a; pawlkhat ahih leh sang a man uh ciangin missionary danin om uh-a, Pawlpi kizoppih nei-in thugen-in zin kawikawi uh hi. Khangno pawlkhat ahih leh kumpi pan huhna ngah-in computer/business management, etc. sin-in, a man uh ciangin tua a siamna uh tawh nasep ngah uh ahih manin nungta thei uh hi. Tua lo khangno lai-uuk pawlkhat ahih leh amau’ hanciamna tawh sun sung teng naseem-in nitaak leh nipi-kaal tawp ciangin a kinaihpih-a om Community College-ah Mangkam leh a lunglutna subject sin uh hi. Tua bangin High School, College leh Uninversity kah Zomite bangzah hiam om hi. Pasian’ huhna tawh, tua banga sangkahte in a laisim uh zo mahmah uh hi.

c) Nasepna: Nasepna tawh kisai-in laisim lai leh a sim nawn lo mi picing khempeuh in ut leh ut loh thu hi lo-in, nun’taakna dingin muh bangbang leh sep theihtheih sep loh phamawh hi. Lai Siangtho sunga, ‘Na seem lo in ngawl hen’, kici pen kizang phadiak tawh kibang hi. Ahi zongin agam kumpi in kum sawmlehgiat a

pha nailote Work Permit leh Driving License ngahsak nai lo ahih manin nasep gentham ding om lo hi. Zomite sung panin professional ahi –doctor, nurse, computer leh management lam a makhinte in amau’ siamna tawh nasepna ngah zo zaw deuh uh hi. Tua bang mi kitawm mahmah lai hi! Tua lo pastor tam zaw-a kipan midang khempeuh in realtor, receptionist, factory, Chinese Gourmet leh Sushi Bar/Restaurant-ah seemin nungta uh hi. Hih teng sung panin Sushi Bar-a sepna nei pen mi za-ah sawmsagih pan sawmsagihlehnga hi ding hi. Tua ahih manin Zomite’ nun’taak zia i theih cian nadingin Sushi Bar nasep dan i gen ding hi. Sushi pen Japante’ ngeina an khat ahih manin a seem peuhmah Japan anneek bawl suakpah hi. Manpha ahih manin ‘kei ka hi’ a kici zawdeuhte bek in ne zo hi. America sungah Japan Company lian AFC leh ACE company nuai-ah direct leh indirect-a sepna hi. Direct i cih ciangin hih company-te tawh kizom-a franchise a neite (franchisee/contractor) hi-in, a seppihte pen indirect seem cihna hi. Tu laitak-in Zomite’ sungah Sushi franchise mi sawmsagih pan sawmkua pha dinga, tuate in seppih nih-le-thum-a kipan a tam zaw nei hi. Sushi Bar pen ei lam hotel bawl bangin inn khat sap tuam-a bawl hi lo hi. Company-te in Super Market min nei zaw deuh pawlkhat contract bawl-in, tua super market-pi sunga seafood leh deli tawh kinai munkhat-a kibawl hi. Sushi pen Japan pau-a rice-vinegar cihna hi. Sushi antang pen cooker tawh huan-in, a min ciangin vinegar a hoih bek ding zah (3.5 – 4.1 pH ) hel-in, 45°F sanga lum zaw lo dingin kivotsak hi. Hih buh pen seaweed (tuipaan pan-a kibawl) tungah phalh siilsial-in, simui kansa theh siuhseuh khit ciangin gaw-pheek (bamboo mat) neu saphuklai-a a kituun (buh man lua ahih manin a belhloh nading) tawh a sunglam hiam a lehlam hiamah i hel nop

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bangbang nam nih leh thum hel-in, a kiphel nawn lo dingin kitawnzial hi. Tuate a neek nop nadingin temta tawh kitan litlet hi. A sunga kikoihte ahih leh, uipi an ahi tuna leh salmon a sial, shrimp (tiger shrimp leh baby shrimp), crab (real and imitation) yellow tail, eel, leh octopus a minsa, frozen-room-a kikoih, a kinipsak kik hi-a; anteh ahih leh -tangmai, thawhbat (avocado), kambulsan (carrot), ankam neel (lettuce), leh lothaang hing (green onion) kizang hi. A mehpih dingin soy sauce, eel sauce, teryaki sauce, pickled ginger,

wasabi (horse radish), spicy sauce (Chinese hot sauce, sesame-seed oil, leh maiyonaise hel khawm) kizang hi. Mehtui dingin miso leh tofu kilimzat-a, chopstick zang-in kine hi. Nasep hun sung pen zing nai sagih pan nitaak nai guk dong hi-a; ahi zongin a busy leh a thazawh lote in nitak nai sawm dong mah seem uh hi. Tua banah sai pen kum khat-in thumvei — Easter Sunday, Thankgiving Day leh Christmas Day — bek kikhak-a, pawlkhatte bang in nipi kalkhat-in ni sagih mah na seem (ompihte ni khat off ) ahih manin hun awl nei man lo uh hi.

d) Kikhopna: Biak kikhopna tawh kisai-in omna mun ciatah kihanciam mahmah cih ding hi. A om khawm zawdeuhte in nipi nitaak simin kikhopna biakinn saap-in nei-a, nipi kaal khat-in khatvei ta home cell nei lai uh hi. Pawlkhatte in kha khat-in khat vei bek mah kikhopna nei thei uh hi. Pasian’ hehpihna tawh a mi tawh kituak-in Pastor (innlama pastor sem ngeisa) ding kicing bilbel i hih manin Zomite i omna peuhah kikhopna-a kipan biakna ni thupite lim takin kibawl thei hi. Zomite’ makaihna tawh biakna pawlpi zong a hun khop mah ki-om ta hi. Tuate pawlkhat ahih leh, Zomi Christian Fellowship (OK), Zomi Baptist Church (FL), Zomi Innkuan (DC), First Myanmar Christian

Church (FL), First Myanmar Assembly of God Church (FL), Myanmar Christian Mission (FL), Evangelical Baptist Church (OK),leh Burmese Christian Church (OK), hi. Tua banah Zomi om tam lohna mun khenkhat-ah Zomi Pastor om khate in a kinaihpih Kawlmi leh midang pawlkhat tawh Pawlpi phuan in kikhopna nei uh hi.

e) Minam Vai: I minam ni thupi ahi Khawdo Pawi leh Zomi Nam Ni zatna tawh kisai-in Zomi khat leh nih in zong a omna peuh uah awlmawh takin bawl uh hi. Tua bang hunte-ah kilawm takin i nam puan ciat silh tawh i Zo ngeina laam tuamtuamte kilak hi. Tua banah i khangthute sutna-in anneek khopna kinei hi. Tua bang nite pen Zomi Innkuan innteekna tawh kibawl hi. Tua hi-in, Zomi Innkuan, Oklahoma state in Tulsa-ah; Zomi Innkuan, Florida state in Miami-ah; Zomi Innkuan, District of Columbia in Maryland leh Virginia sunga om Zomite tawh Washington DC-ah kizang hi. Tua lo Chicago, Georgia, California, Portland, Texas, leh mun dangdanga omte in anneek kikumin kithuah khawmna hun nuam khat -n zang den uh hi.

Thukhupna:

A tunga i gen bangin Zomite, America tun’ dan leh nun’taak zia i et ciangin i teen’na Kawlgam leh Vaigam zawn’ manin nun’taakna bangci le’ng kikhangto zaw ding cih lametna tawh a pai banah hamsapi leh sum tampi bei-a tung i hi hi. Tampi kitung i cih teei hangin i minambup tawh en le’ng dawi havang kaal pana suakta mi pawlkhatte bek a tung zo i hi hi. Tua banga suakta sunte i hih manin tupna leh ngimna kiciantak tawh nun’taak i sawm ding thupi mahmah hi. Pilna leh siamna hanga tung leh Mangkangte banga nasep nei zo pen i khutme kaih theih lai ding hi. I pi leh pute in inn leh lo thupi a sak mah bangin inn

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leh mawtaw hoih neih ding i hanciam uh-a, Pasian’ hehpihna tawh a nei zo bangzah hiam i om ta hi. Lungdam hi. Ahi zongin i ngaihsut phat mahmah dinga kisam tampi lakah hih thu thum teng tu-a kipan lim ngaihsut mahmah lehang deih huai hi:

a) Pilna zon’: I zawn’ luat man mah hi ding hiam, America Zomite sungah pilna zon’ beh leh hahkat kitawm mahmah hi. I tun’ tuung bang nawn lo-in, tu-in inn leh lo, mawtaw nei zong tam ta i hih manin kum sawmli a pha nai lo peuhmah in pilna zon’ tawpsan lo-in i hamciam ding hi. Laisiam kitawm lai mahmah hi! High School leh College-a om laite in zong nu leh pate’ nasep ahi Sushi pan i suahtaak zawh nading hanciamin laisim huai hi. Americate mah banga nipi kal khat nai sawmli seem-in, vacation leh health insurance hoihtak neih zawh i hanciam ding kisam hi. Zato, sitni, engineer leh IT lam limsin huai mahmah hi.

b) Minam leh Zolai: I minam leh i Zolai i zuun ding hi. Koi mun peuh-ah i teeng zongin i minam, i Zolai leh i Zopau pen i neu-et mawk theih hi lo hi. Kua mi, bang lai zang, bangci bang ngeina nei cih pen leitung i nun’taak sung teng i kikholhpih khat peuh in zong a theih nop leh ei’n zong i theih loh a phamawh ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Mangkang-Mangvom kawm-ah i om ta zongin i pau, i lai leh ngeinate thupi simin; i tu leh tate dong-ah i kihilh tangtang ding kisam hi. A diakin i Zolai tawh kisai bang, gamdang-a omte in general fund neih-a i puah, i zuun kei leh midangte’n hong puah-in, hong zuunpih lo ding uh hi. Gentehna-in Zomi Christian Foundation (ZCF) cih bang phuan-a, i Zolai ahi Tedim pau tawh laibu a tam thei peen bawla khetkhiat kisam mahmah ta hi. I kipat khiatna leitang,

minam leh pau i mangngilh loh ding thupi hi.

c) Biakna thupi sim: Minam khat peuh in hong bawlpa ahi i biak Pasian i zahtaak ding ahi hi. Tua bang hi lo-in biakna i thupi sim loh nini pen i minambup niamkiat hun hong hi ding hi, cih i mangngilh loh ding thupi hi. Sum leh paai, inn hoih, mawtaw hoih leh pilna kisam mah hi hang. Ahi zongin tuate i zon’ kawm mah-in i biakna i thupi sim ding hi. America khangthu i sim ciangin a pu, a pate un Pasian zahtak in biakna thupi sim uh ahih manin gam hausa suak hi. Ahi zongin khangthakte in Pasian zahtak lo-in a pilna uh leh hauhnate suangin hong om uh ciangin Vietnam gal (1957-1975) leh November 04, 1979 kuma Iran khuapi Teheran-ah US Embassy zum-a seem mi sawmkua valte hotkhiat ding nasepna-ah maizumna lianpi tuak hi. Tua bang-a a om laitak October 1978-in Pastor John Gimenez muhkholhna bangin, amah tawh biakna makai tuamtuamte kipawlkhawm-in April 29, 1980 ni-in, Washington For Christ ci-in America gambup in thungetna nei uh hi. Tua-a kipan President Ronald Reagan makaihna tawh hong cithei kik uh hi. Tua bangmah-in Zomite zong hau-in, pil-in gamdangah tampi i om zongin, i biak Pasian i thupi sim loh nini pen i kamsiat kipat nading hun hi, cih phawk huai hi. A beisa-in Chin For Christ i ci uh-a, tu’n Zomi For Christ ci-in i biak Pasian tungah i gam leh minam dam nding i hanciam khawm hun hi ta hi.

Tua bang ahi zo dingin i biak Pasian in leitung bup-a om Zomi khempeuh hong siam ta hen!

[Hih lai, 06 AUG 05 SAT ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zomi (Myanmar Northern Chin Hills-a Tedimmite

pen Zomi, Ciimnuaimi leh Chinmi Ahihna Uh) leh a

Gam a Lei Uh

Tg. Kham Lam Tuang Hangshing, Phaipi

A masa-in hih lai gelh theih nading phalna hong pia Editor leh Publihsher tung-ah lungdam thu k’ong pulaak hi. Zomite i cih ciangin ei leh ei Zomi a kici Tedim mi, Paite, Vaiphei leh Dapzal mi cihte-in i tel pah hi. Sino-Tibetan Languague 250 bang, Chin Pau/Dialect nam 45 bang (E. Sword) ciaptehna-ah, tuhun ciangin tam seem ding hi. A beh-in ci le’ng 234 bang kival ding hi. Zo cih kammal pen ZOPAU-in Zo kici hi ding-a,* Zhou Dynasty (Chou Dynasty) 690-705 BC leh* Zhao Xiang 255BC-250B etc. pan ZO a kici to hi ding-in um ing.

*Fangyan (China ) pau nampi 7 lak-ah Yue Dialect zong ZO cih tawh kinaih mahmah sa ing. CIIMNUAI, GEELTUI, leh TIBET PLATEAU-te-ah teeng khawm ngei i hihna kitel sak nuam kikkik zaw i hi hi. Zo tangthu kante’ gelh leh gen kicing khin zo hi. Ahi zongin, ka ngimna bulpi in: Unau khat hi hang; i gei-a omte hong suktuah-in kigalbawl-in kidodo kei ni. A gam, kituh masa kei ni in, a mite, ki-it, kituh masa zaw ni, cih ahi hi.

Thupatna:-

TEDIM Khua kipatna

Tedim mite: Mi a tam zaw’ ciaptehna-ah Pu

Gui Mang in Tedim khua A.D. 1550 kum-in na sat, kici hi. Sia Pum Khan Nang’ gen dan-in “Milong-te, Kawm-te, Zo-te, Teizang leh Dim-te (Teizang leh Dim-te a teen’ khop man-in Teidim pan Tedim kici, a ci zong om uh), Gang-te Pu Suk Tung leh a lawmte, Pu Hah Son - Gualnam Sial Siah kaih haksa sa, kipia nuam lo,” [1] ci. Pu Mang Sum nutsiat khit ciangin Pu Kam Hau – Sukte in A.D. 1810 pan uk-a, Pu Khaw Cin’ uk sung A.D. 1890-in British gal tung, Pau Za Kam – Sukte mah in Tedim gam uk hi. S. Khup Cin Pau in “Capt. Pau Za Gin –Tombing in Kam Hau ukpi a sep ma-in Tedim gam uk ngei,”[2] ci.-in na gen hi. Tuhun ciangin kikhangto-a, Tedimmi om kei ki ci hi. A pau, a khua bek om i cih nop hangin i vek-un Tedim mi huam/ham sung-ah i kihel uh hi. Gangte zong Tedimmi huam/ham or ZOMI taktak ahi uh hi.

1. Zomi leh Mizo

Zomi leh Mizo pen a pau uh kibat lohna uh pen, a kilehbulh Zo leh Mi a nung a mai-ah a kikoih a ki lamdang bek ahi hi. Mizote Zomi hi kei, Zomite Mizo hi lo kici thei lo hi. Tua

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bang kikhenna lung sim i neih loh ding thupi hi. Laimi, Zomi leh Mara, Lakher, Chakma, Hmar-te, Hualngo leh Paite leh a dangte, Lusei mi ahih loh hang-un Mizo lak-ah nam khat ahi uh hi. Amau teng a kihel man-in MIZO cih leh MIZORAM a piang hi zaw-a, a kihel lo hi le-uh Luseimi/Luseigam, Duhlian gam peuh ci den kha ding uh hi. Tua ahih manin, amaute zong India Kumpi gamsung-ah om uh ahih manin ki-innteek sak lua-a, “R” zanglo/“R”ci thei lo a sanggam Zomite pen, Burma-te, Paite, leh Pawite peuh a cih loh ding uh thupi hi. Mizo gam buai lai-in Kawlgam-a Zomi/Mizo-te’ kep mah uh ahi uh hi. Sia Khai in “Tangkhul Naga-te in Zomi nam khat hong suak nuam ung, a cih leh Zomi makaite in phal lo uh,” ci hi. [3] Bo Sing Khai in “Zomi lak-ah Naga zong kihel,” na ci hi. [4] Sanggam Nagate tuni ciang dong-in Zomite tung-ah thunuam uh hi. Ahi zong-in Chinmi a kici pawlkhat tawh buaina nei ngei uh hi. 2. Zomi leh Zo

Zomi te pen i nam min ZO pan kipan tek-in kikhangto tektek kithutuak loh nading zong kizong zeel hi. Zo min tawh kilo pen Zophei, Zotung, Laizo, Mizo, Zote [JOUTE] leh Zo a hi uh hi. Tedim mite lak-ah nam tam/mi tam pawl ZO a kici, ZO kam zang pawl in “Ko Zo khempeuh pian’na i Pu Zo min pua hi ung,” ci uh hi. Amau a bulpi ahih leh zong lungdam huai hi. C. Thang Za Tuan in Zo pawl “Balzang pan/Zolak pan kipan hi, a veng min/a teen’na min pua,” ci-a a gelh pen, Saya Pum Khan Nang in “Ko Balzang pan leh Zo lak-ah ka teen’ ngei man-un Zo kici hi lo hi ung. Tibet gam, Sengam pan i Pu Zo’ min a keng hi ung” [5] ci hi. Tedim mi nam sawm leh li sang-in tawm zaw lo-a, tuate lak-ah pawlkhat pen a veng min uh pua-in nam min hong piang khia-in a kiciamteh ahi hi. (Gtn.: Teizang,

Sihzang, Saizang, etc. ) Hih Zokam zang pawl leh Thahdo hausa pawl a om man-in tuni ciang dong i laizat uh Zolai (Tedimkam) a nei i hi uh hi. Amau pawl leh Guite makai pawl-in na thukim hi. Tua hi kei leh Sihzang kam kizang kha ding hi.

3. Zomi leh Laimi

Ciimnuai-a teeng ngei teng Cimmnuaimi, Lailun cave-a, teeng ngei teng Laimi ci le’ng kitel peen hi. Ciimnuai mi khempeuh ZOMI hi pah hi. Chin Hills (Khamtung)-ah Zomite ahi Thahdo, Vaiphei, Gangte, Simte, Zo leh a dangte Ciimnuai kul (Ciimnuai Hamlet/Ciimnuai Cave)-ah AD 1400-1500 pawl-in na teeng ngei uh ahih manin Ciimnuaimi a kici uh hi. Paite pawlkhat gen dan-ah “Ko Chin Hills tawn lo,” a ci pawl pen Zomi ahih uh hangin Ciimnuai mi hi lo ding uh hi. Hakha, Falam, Matu-te in ZO a cih uh Zolak/gam min ahi hi. Ei pawl Zo min pen Tibet gam pan i neih khit uh ahi hi. Laimi a kici Falam. Hakha-te in “Laimi hi hang,” hong cih uh leh um kei in. Zomi te pen Laimi hi ngei lo hi. Kawlgam-a-te in a theih hang-un India-a Zomite in Laimi thei ngei lo uh hi.

4.Zomi leh Chin mi

Zomi leh Chin i gelh i gen ciangin a gen dan a haksa pi ahi hi. CHIN pen hih bangin kiciamteh hi. “*QIN is sometimes spelled as ‘CHIN’ ” (CHINA word) in na kici hi. Qin Dynasty pen 210 BC pan hi. Zomi Kawlgam lam-a-te Kawl kumpi nuai-ah i omlai teng, Chin mi mah i hih phot kul hi. Ahi zongin Zomi khempeuh Chin hi thei lo ci le’ng dik peen hi.

5. Kuki-Chin leh Ciimnuaimi

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Linguist-te in Kuki-Chin-te pen Chin leh Zomi a kici khempeuhte sang-in a madawk zaw uh-in na ciamteh uh hi. Upa peen ahih mah bang-un amau bek hun sawtpi tangdin’ zo den uh hi. Tuhun ciangin Pasian in hong kilemsak kipawl khawm dingin Kawlgam, India, USA leh mun dang-a omte hong kipan ta uh hi. India gam-a om KUKI-te in Zomi leh Chin a ut loh hang-un Kawlgam (Myanmar)-a om Thahdo kam zang pawlte Zomi Nam Ni (Chin National Day ) leh Cimnuai mi kipawlna (Yangon Ciimnuai Theological Student Fellowship)-te-ah a kihel den uh a hi hi.

6. Tedim mi leh Paite

Luseite bang-in Tedim mite zong Paite ci-in Dapzal-te zong Paite ci uh hi. Paite leh Tedim minam khat ahihna Ciimnuai mi leh Zomi i hih man uh ahi hi. PAITE pau a kici pen Pu Gui Mang in Tedim khua a sat tuung-in a GUITE pau-in “a tui naleeng (=nangawn) hoih kisa, tedimdim" na ci hi. Tua hun lai-in Paite pau kici lo-in GUITE pau kici hi. Paite minam khat-in hong om hang in pau tawh kisai nam 4-in na khen uh-a, Losau pau, Lamzang, Val pau leh Dapzal pau, hih nam 4 kizang khawm ban-ah Tedim pau, Lusei/Duhlian pau leh pau dang a kizang khawm pen PAITE pau-in a kiciamteh na hi zaw hi. Mi tampi in PAIHTE a cih uh dik lo-a, Paite hi zaw uh hi. Tibet/Kawlgam lam pan saklam-ah a zinto, a paito pawl cihna hi. Tedim mi leh Paite mi pen ZOMI-ah kipumkhat-a, a pan’khopna uh sawt nai het lo hi. Hun khat lai-in “No Chinmi-te, Ko Paite,” a kicici uh hi. A.D 2000 nungsiah lam-ah a gah i mu thei pan uh hi. Hih-te lak-ah ZOMI khempeuh a kihel ding ut huai mahmah hi. Zogam’ aading-a Pasal Pha/Galhang Pu Khai Kam leh a mi Sihzang kampaute’ nasepnate, tuhun Zomite in et kik hun mahmah hi. Union of Burma Revolutionary Council in

Tedim mi nam 10-in 1966-in ciamteh-a, C. Thang Za Tuan in nam 12 in na gen-a, Vaiphei, Vangteh, Phaileng-te kihel hi. Dr. Khen Za Sian in 14 dan-in na gen-a, a dangte gen loh Gangte, Losau, Ngawnte, leh Simte [6] na gen beh hi. Dr. Khen in Gangte Zomi a cih, Sia Pum Khan Nang in Tedim-ah Gangte teeng ngei a cih ciang in Zomi taktak a hihna uh kilangsak seemseem uh hi. Amau bel Mizo pawl-ah kihel uh hi.

7. Zogam

Zogam Tedim gam tuipi pan-in feet 2500 sang-in North Latitude 22-24 degrees leh East Longitude 92-94 degrees kikaal-ah om hi. Vaphual Magazine Vol. ii-na in a cover-ah “ZOGAM buppi Kawlgam Chindwin gun pan kipan saklam Nagaland, Kawlgam khang lam Acho-Chin-te, zangsung Zomite’ teen’na Pegu (Bago) leh Magwe (Magway) gam, Arakan gam ciang leh Chin State khempeuh leh Manipur gam khempeuh ciang huam sak-in Assam gam Cachar Hills, Tripura State, Mizogam State leh Bangladesh Chittagong Hills (Laimite)’ teen’na ciang huam-sak hi. [7] Zomite’ teen’na khempeuh a Zogam hi lo-in i pu i pate in gal leh sa-a a na aihna ngei uh, a khuasat ngeina-te uh ahi hi.

8. Zogam leh Zoram

“Gam” leh “Ram” i zat dan a kibat loh manin namdang i kisa kha uh hi. Sir Henry Jule’ gen pulaak kik “A narrative of the mission to the court of Ava in 1855” leh “the plat of XXVI” leh “Historical Atlas of South Asia” sung-ah Zomite Zoland-ah teeng ngei ci-in kiciamteh-in A.D. 1500-A.D. 1580 leh A.D. 1822-A.D. 1856 sung 8 dan ahi hi. “R” a zangh Zomite pen Ralte, Hmar, Pawite, Fanai leh Duhlian-te hi uh-a, “G” a zangh Zomite pen Paite, Tedim,

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Zote , Thahdo, Vaiphei, Simte leh Gangte leh a dangdangte ahi uh hi. “GAM” leh “RAM” pen Tual Cin Neihsial in Assam pan Sanskrit Professor gen dan-in “GAM” pen “GRAM” hi-in “G” a zangh-te in “R” silence sak uh-in “GAM” a suak ahi hi, ci hi. “R” a zanghte in zong “GRAM” a gelh uh ciang in “G” silence sak uh-a, “RAM” [9] a ci uh ahi hi. ZO GAM leh ZO RAM zat dan-ah “GAM” zat hoih zaw, “RAM” sang-in, na ci hi. Mizo pawlkhat Israel minam 10 lak-ah a mangthang Manasseh suante ut uh hi. Zomi pawlkhat zong lawh ta uh hi. Mizoram Chief Minister Pu Zoramthanga in TIME magazine-ah English-in “ ‘There is a possibility that the Mizos are one of the lost tribes of Israel. There are certain practices and custom which suggest this. But I should add that only when we reach in heaven will we have the proof,’ he says, roaring with laughter” [10] Hih thu pen dik hi. Pu No Than Kap in Yangon Theological Seminary-ah ka kah lai, 2001-2002 kumin “Zomi-Mizo Israelmi a suak nuamte om nading pia napi uh, hehpih huai sa ing. Judah biakna biasak uh, Christian suak thei nawn lo uh hi,” ci-in gen ngei hi.

Thukhupna

Zomi i hihna-ah lungkim ni. I omnate leh kampau kilamdan’nate hangin minam tuamtuam-in kikhen nawn kei ni. Zomi vive hi hang. Zomi, Zolai, Zogam, Zongeina-te leh Zola-te zong it-in zuun khawm pahtawi den ni. Topa’n thupha hong pia tek ta hen.

Reference:

1. Saya Pum Khan Nang tawh kihona: Yangoon, 54th Street, Pa Vial Khan Kim’ inn, Monday, Dec. 15, 2003 7:00-9:00 pm

2. S. Khup Cin Pau, “The State of Zomi Literature” Tedim BEHS No. 1 Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine 1948-1999 (Yangon: CLC Offset, 2000), p. 596.

3. Lang Khan Khai. “Zogam Zun Ni” Kalay College Ngeisok Magazine No.1, ed. Vial Za Mung (Yangoon: Eagle Computer, 2003) p.86.

4..Sing Khaw Khai, The Theological Concept of Zo in Chin Tradition and Culture (Yangon: Unpublished B.R.E. thesis, MIT, 1984) p. 7

5. Kham Lam Tuang, Suggestive Solutions for the Dialectical Barriers of the Development in Christian Literature among the Zomis, (Yangon: Unpublished M. Div. thesis, ACTS, 2004) p.52

6. Khen Za Sian, Tedim Innkuan I Hihna Tangthu (History of Being the Tedim Family) (Kalaymyo: Private printing, 2000) p. 47.

7. Lam Khan Piang, ed., Vaphual Magazine Vol.ii 2004, (New Dehli: Sagarpinters, 2004) Cover

8.Tual Cin Neihsial, I GAM MIN ZOUGAM: A brief History of Analysis, Siamsin Pawlpi Magazine (Lamka: 1993) pp. 77-78.

9. R. T. Turner, GRAM: A comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages: (England: Oxford University press, 1973) p. 234.

10.Michael Father Aizawl, “Mizos living in the remote hills of northern India claim they are descendants from Jewish stock: Lost tribes of Israel?”; TIME Magazine, Sept., 1995) p. 27.

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*QIN, CHIN, ZHOU, ZHAO leh a dang, hih mun-ah: www.chinapage.org/language/dialect.htm

*CHINA:-Dr.Vum Son Suantak in CHIN MI-te China gamah teeng ngei lo-in Tibetan Plateau mualsaang-ah kiteeng zaw, ci hi. Tibet-ah QIN Dynasty om ngei lo ahih man in ei Zomite pen CHIN hi lo hi hang, cih hong kilangsak hi.

Laigelhpa Tg. Kham Lam Tuang in Th.M. (N.T.), Jeounju University, S. Korea-ah a sin laitak hi. A pa Rev. Neng Khen Mung (Late), a nu Hau Ngaih Cing, leh a naute tawh Tahan, Kalay-ah teeng uh hi. June 2005. tgtuang@gmail.com [Hih lai, 21 JUL 05 THU ni-in kingah hi. ]

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Guite Numei in Sal Khawi Thei

Tg. Hang Khan Lian

“Tuni-a Pute tung-a k’ong nget nop uh thupha in, “leitung kumpi minthang David, Solomon leh mawhna pan aa ong gumkhia i Topa Zeisu khangsimna-ah a kihel a pian’na pi uh Ruth tung-a i Topa’ piak thupha tawh a kibang Thupha, hih, ko na tute uh ii pian’na ka Nu uh, na sanggamnu uh, na tanu uh tung-ah n’ong piak na’ng uh ong ngen hi ung” ci-in pute zu kholhna-a a kingen, thupha ngetna kammal ka za ngei hi.

Lungkim huai leh cidam huai mahmah kasa hi.

Zomite in i khang i sim ciangin ih Pa’ lam beh leh phung i la-a, i Nute’ beh leh phung i la kei hi. Tom ngaihsutte’ aadingin, i Nute bangmah man lo dan khat-in om-a tua dungzui mah-in numei ahih leh simmawh nopna lungsim, thusim lohna lungtang om kha thei hi. Khatvei katute, Biakna sangsia seem, Biakna pilna sang sin behlai khat in, “No numeite leltak” cih kammal khat ong zang kha-a ka khasia mahmah hi. A pian’na a nu simmawh, thusim lo leh a Nu’ beh leh phung thu-a ong sim het lo hitah-a ci-in ka lungsim a hilo lamlam-in ka lam toto kha hi.

Ahih hang, daai takin ngaihsun phapha lehang, i ki pasal sak mahmah hang i innsung bek hi lo, i beh bup i phung bup-a mi ong suah, ong van leh a vai hawmpi in behdang phungdang ahi, i Pi te i Nute hi zaw gige hi. I beh sung, phung sung, i u sung nau sung thu khempeuh i Pu te i Pate leh ei mahmah sang-in i Pite i Nute in vaan zaw, en zaw, seem zaw, geel zaw leh laamto zaw ahih lam nial theih hi lo hi. Amin ngah ciang i Pate lam, eilam in ngah

ahih hang a seem taktak, mi ong suah taktak, i pite i nute hi zaw hi. Hih teng mah taanglai i Pu, i Pate’n na mu khol gige uh ahih manin, “Pute leh lam phung”, “ Pute lo-in hanmual kikhum zolo” cih te-a kipan i Nu leh a nunglam ahi i Pute zahtaak nading thu tampi na khung khol uh hi.

Sih leh nat i tuah ciangin zong handal ni-in, “Pu te n’ong kim nai uh hia…” ci-in Pute tung hun ngetna i laak khit ciang, melmuh i cih hun, kipan-a i nun’taak lai-a Pute ong kepna, ong itnate-a kipan lungdam thu suut kik-in, lungdam ko kik tangtang hi hang. “Pute k’ong khasiat sakna uh, ka gamtat, ka kampau khialhna uh a om leh zong ong maisak un”, ci-in kithum hi hang. I sih khit nangawn-in i pian’na i pute zahtaakna a nunung peen-in a pia tangtang minam i hi-a tua in i pian’na i Nu ih thupi bawlna ahi hi. Mihing muhna-ah etlawm mahmah-in Pasian in zong ong lungkimpih mahmah ding in ka um hi.

Khatvei khangno lai khat in “Pu” ci-in ong lo laizang-a, “Nang bang hang-a ‘Pu’ ong ci na hiam” ka cih leh “Ka Pa’n i pute hi ong ci hi” ong ci hi. “Tua ahih leh na Pi ko beh hiam”, ka cih leh, “Hi kei” ong ci-a, “Tua ding nang’n lah Pu n’ong ci-a” ka cih leeuleeu leh, “ka Pu in ka Pa kiang i Pute hi a cih hi” ong ci leeuleeu hi. A naai pen a Pu’ nu ko beh maw, ahih kei leh amau’ pian’na a Pi-te uh khat peuh, (ko geel leh a Pa nangawn in theih nawn loh khat) pen ko hi kha ngei ka hih man vua pian’na ‘Pu’ ong ci ahih lam ka theih teh, “Hih te innkuan’ nun’taak zia cidam huai mah si”,

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ci-in, i pianna i Nute a zahtaak mahmah minam, Zomite i hihna ka phawk kik saansaan-a Topa’ hoihna ka mu seemseem hi. Hih bang ngeina nei minam sung-a ong pian’sak Topa ka phat niloh hi.

Zogam ukpi Pu Guite ong khan’ khit, Pu Sukte ong hat ciang, a nung-a khang Pu Sukte tawh teen’ khop ding nuamsa nawn lo-in Pu Guite te a tamzaw saklam-ah lal to uh hita se leh taanglai Pu Sukte a tamzaw in zi ding, ta dingin Pu Guite mah a tun’tun’na pan na la kik hamtang uh-a, “Guite numei in sal khawi thei” na ci uh hi. Hih in bangzah ta-in i lian, i mang zongin i inn sung thu a saipi i Nute ahih gige lam, i ukna, i liatna, i vangneihna, i vaihawm zawhna, i kipasal sakna, i minthan’na khempeuh ei sang i Nute, i zite ahih lam ong lak mahmah i taang ngeina, i kamciin’ khat ahi hi. I pian’na i Pute a zahtaak, a pahtawi, a lungdam thei tang ngeina hoih neite i hih lam ong lak phadiak hi. Tua bek tham lo-in, i taang Zo ngeina in Laisiangtho ah zung kip nei

gige ahih lam kimu thei hi.

Tua ahih ciang, Zomi u leh nau in,

Leitungbup in “Nute Ni”-a a ciapteh May kha nipi (nihna) ni-in Nute zahtaakna, itna i lah khit ciang, thupha thuap dingin “Pute zu kholh Ni” cih tawh thuah to hi leeng, ong Siampa in leitung minam dangte ngeina aa a neih loh leh a nget theih loh a “Thupha-thuap” ong piak na’ng a ngen thei minam-a ong siam hi mawk lo i hi hiam.

Ngen thei, zang thei hi leeng i taang ngeinate Thupha ngah nading ngeina ahih lam phawk kawmin hih bang ngeina sung-a ong piangsak, ong pantah, mi ong suah ong Siampa leh i Nu/Pute tung lungdam ko khial kei ni.

I inn sungah i Pite, i Nute i zahtaak, i lapsang, i pahtawi leh mun i piak masiah Zomi numeite kilapsang nading thu om thei lo hi. I Pite i Nute i Pute, i Pate zah-in sang thei masa phot phot dih ni.

[Hih lai, 29 MAY 05 SUN ni-in kingah hi.]

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Kawl leh Zo Kilamdan’na

Dr. Tg. Vum Son

Mungpi tawh ka ki ho leh, “Kawlte pen Zote sangin kal suan khat a masawn zawkna pen bang hang hiam?” hong ci hi.

Kawl leh Zo pen mipilte (Linguists, Anthropologists, Historians) in Tibeto-Burman minam-te sungah hong koih khawm uh hi. Tua pen thu dang hang hi lo, Kawl leh Zo pen a paute uh kinaai-in, a daan uh zong kinaai hi, ci hi. Tua bek tham lo-in hong paikhiatna pen kibang pian-a, tu laitak Sen (Chinese)-te ii uk Tibetan Plateau pan hong paikhiate hi, ci hi. Hun khat lai-in, Tibeto-Burman minamte pen mun khat-ah om khawm-in, pau namkhat zangh khawm dingin kingaih sun hi. Unau zong hi kha ngei ding hi, cih upna zong om hi.

Tua ahih leh bang hangin Kawlte pen masawn-in om hiam cih, en ni. Zomite pen Kawlgamah Zeisu’ suah zawh khum zakhat, kumzanih (First or second century AD) sungah tu-a Chindwin gun kiang hong tung suk hi-in mipilte in mu uh hi. Kawlte pen kum zasagih-zagiat zawh ciang (seventh to eighth century AD)-ah Kawlgam hong tung suk ding-in mipilte in mu hi. Tua hun-in pen Kawlte in Kawlgam sunga kum tampi a omsa Pyu mihingte tawh Kyaukse a cihna khawngah hong kimu uh hi.

Pyu te pen Kawlgam-ah sawtpi om ta ahih manin, Kawlgam zaangtamna-ah bangci lo kho cih na thei ta uh hi. (Wet cultivation buh ciin’na cih bang.) Mual leh uuam gam Tibet leh Salween, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Chindwin, Brahmaputra gunpi-te’ kipatna pan hong

tuakkhia a hih hang Kawlte in Pyu-te’ pilna teng luah thei pah ahih ciang in, amau te kal khat a suan-in hong makai ta hi.

Tua bek hi lo-in, tu laitak-a Kawl galkapte gilo si e, i cih mah bangin, midang tawh a kipeh uh ciang gilo gawp-in Kawl te Kawlgam dry zone a tun’ khit sawt lo-in Pyu mihingte mangthang uh hi. Pawlkhat in tulaitak-a om Pao te pen Pyu-te hi-in, Kawlte a thuak lah hanga, mualtung-ah taito hi ci-in upna nei hi. Bangbangh hi leh Kawlte’ giitlohna hangin, Pyu-te bei manghi. Tua a hih kei leh Kawlte in zawhthawh thu tawh Kawlte suak hiam cih zong muan’mawhna om hi. Tua hang-in zong Kawlmi hong tam toto hi kha ding hi. Tua pen a ma suanna bulpi khat hi.

(Kawl te giitlohna pen Thailand-a Ayuthia kumpi khua a siat sakna, a bawlsiatna uh, Mon-te a khuapi Bago (Pegu) pan a mangthan’na uh, Arakan (Rakhaing) kumpi te a bawlsiatna uh, Assamte bang in, bangci-a hih bang-a gilo lawmlawm hiam, a cihna uh, Meitei (Manipur) kum sagih Kawlte ii uk hun pen Meiteite in seven years of devastation (kum sagih sung mi mon’sak na ) ci-in ciamteh-in, Kawlte pen i kidop kei leh mi gilo lamdangte hi cih theih-in ciapteh ding thupi hi.)

Zo mite pen tu laitak-a Monywa sak lam khawng teng-ah hong teeng to uh-a, tua-ah pen midang om lo ahih ciangin, mual sangpi Tibet plateau khawng, gun golpite’ kipat na mualsang tung-a a teen’ lai uh-a, lo khawhna

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teng zang gam hong tun’ uh ciang tua tengmah zangh uh ahih ciangin, khan’tohna na om khol lo uh hi. Zaanggam om zo hi napi, leisangna teng mah-ah lo kho nuam zaw-in Kawlgam sung hi ta leh Kawlgam sak lam mualtung (tu laitak-a i gam khawng-ah nuam na sa zaw mai uh ahihciangin, khangto lo-in i ngeina teng ngeina sak mawk uh hi.

Kawl te zaanggam ah om-in, mitam ta uh ahih ciangin, migilo, zuauthugen, leh mikheem pen tampi hong nei ta uh hi. Tua banga mihoihlote pen a kitheih ciangin, khuadangah paikhia-in mangthang thei hi. Tua hangin Kawlte in mi a theih ngeilo khat pen um thei nawn lo ahih manin, bangci-in hih leng mi kheem thei ding ka hiam, mi’ na te bangci-in, ngah thei ding ka hiam cih hakkat -na hong nei ahih uh ciang, mikheemna pen pilna golpi khat suaksak uh hi. Tua ahih ciangin Kawlte in mikehem hong siam-a, a mikheem theih ding mite hong mu thei uh. Tua pen Mangkangte pau (English)-in ci leeng Urban society, mitamna khuasungthu hong suak hi.

Zo mite pen khua neuneu sungah teengin, khua sungah kua teng teeng hiam, tua bek domlo in, beh leh phung vive ahih uh ciang, guta, zuauthu, mikheem cih te pen piangthei lo mai hi. Mun dangah taai ding ci leeng lah khua dangte zong a beh a phung vive na hi mai uh ahih ciangin, khuadang kibeel thei lo-in, mihoih lote mangthang thei lo-in, mihoihte bangin, a khua uh-ah a om kenkan uh kul mawk ahih ciang, Zo mite pen mikheem thei lo, thuman gente, i suak mawk. Tua pen

English-in ci leeng Village Society ci-in, Zo mite’ village society hong suak hi.

Europe khawng, America khawng-ah i om ciangin, amau zongh Village Society na hi nwn lo-in Urban society na hi uh hi. Kidawm kei leeng hih mipil i cihte’ gam-ah, mi’ bawlsiat na i thuak ding lauhuai mahmah hi. Tua hangin zong Kawl mite in British-te Kawlgam-ah hong pai ciangin, kiho thei lo-in British-te’ colony (British-te’ sal) hong suahna uh zong tua hang hi. Asia sung-ah mipil deuhte Thai-te bang ci leeng, British-te tawh thu kiho thei ahih ciangin, British leh France-te in uk nuam taleh zong, uk zo lo-in, Thaite in, hoih takin, thukimna bawl thei hi. Kawlte pen Zo mite sang kal khat masuan ahih uh hang Thaite sang kal khat nung khak zaw leeuleeu cihna hi.

Tu laitak Kawlgam leh a kiangkap-a gamte en leeng, Kawlte pen mihai mahmah mihing ahih hun lam i mu hi.

Kawl i cih pen Sing Kho Khai laibu sungah zangtam mi te cihna hi ci-in at a hih manin Zo History ka at lai-in, ama’ at ka zui hi. Tu’n Bangladesh-ah ka pai ciang, Bangladesh-a Zo mite in Bengali-te Korka ci uh hi, hong ci hi. Kor or Kawr cih pen zadang neu cihna hi. Mualtung mi pen a zadang uh gol-in Bengali-te a zadang uh neu cihna hi. Tua hang zongin, ei zong in “Kawl” ci-in a min uh pia kha i hi tam, ka ci hi.

[Hih lai, 11 MAY 05 WED ni-in kingah hi.]

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Zolai -- Tedim leh Teizang

Tg. Pau Cin Thang

I. Zolai Bulpite Pawlkhat

Zolai i cih teh, Falam Zolai, Haka Zolai, Tedim Zolai, cihte a vekpi-in a huam ahi hi. Ahi zong-in, hih mun-ah Tedim Zolai thu, i gen nuam hi. Sang-ah Zolai a sin ngei kha lote leh, sin kha napi-a awlmawh peen-a a nei kha ngei lote sung pan-in, tu'n awlmawh a sawmta-te’ aading-in, a tom mahmah-in tawm k’ong gelh nuam hi. 1. LAIBUL (ALPHABET): 21 i nei hi. a b c d ef g h i kl m n o ps t u v wz

Tua sung-ah Laimung (Letters of the Consonant Sound) 22 leh Awmung (Letters of the Vowel Sound) 21 i nei hi. A. Laimung: 22 single consonants: 16b c d f gh k l m np s t v wz double consonants (consonant digraphs): 6ch, kh, lh, ng, ph, th

Awmal (Syllable) ahih kei leh Kammal (Word) patna-a kizang thei consonant laimalte (initial consonant letters): 20 single consonants: 15b-, c-, d-, f-, g-,

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h-, k-, l-, m-, n-,p-, s-, t-, v-, z- gentehna: Bang Cih Ding? Falam Gam Hiam, Kawl Gam Lam Hiam, MaNawh-a Pai Sawm TeengTuung VeVe Zaw Ding Maw? double consonant (consonant digraphs): 5ch-, kh-, ng-, ph-, th- gentehna: CHin maw, KHamtung maw? NGen in, a PHa na NGah THei hi. Awmal (Syllable) ahih kei leh Kammal (Word) tawpna- a kizang thei laimalte (Final Consonants): 10 single consonants: 8-h, -k, -l, -m, -n-p, -t, -w gentehna: PaH-taaK na ngaH na'ng-iN a kuL bang teng ahi taM maW? double consonant (consonant digraphs): 2-lh, -ng gentehna: I khiaLH ciang-in bawlpha ni.I ma-ah paNG ciat ni. Theihding: (1) “w” tawh a kipan kammal i nei kei hi. “w” tawh a tawp kammal zong khat bek om-a, tua pen "a" ahi hi. “a” leh “w” panin “aw” kingah hi. (2) “f” zong, Teizang pau bek-ah om hi. (Hih laibu pha ka sa hi = Hih laibu fa ka sa hi.) (3) J, Q, R, X leh Y-te zong, nidang ciang-in i guang nuam kha thei ding hi. B. Awmung (Vowel): 21 monophthongs: 5a, e, i, u, aw diphthongs: 12

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ai, auei, euii, iuoi, o (ou) [awtom]awi, awu [awsau]ui, uu triphthongs: 4iai, iauuai, uau Theihding: (1) Vowel pen aw (sound) hi masa-a, laimal (letter) hi masa lo hi. Tua aw (sound) pen laimal tawh a hi thei bang-a i lah (lak), ahi hi. (2) Tua ahih man-in, tu laitak-a Kawlgam Zolai-a i zat “o” pen laimal (letter) khat tawh i lah hang-in, a taktak-in, aw-nih (diphthong) hi gige hi. India Zolai-a “ou” ci-a a kizang pen, a maan zaw, ahi hi. (3) Ei Zomite in Kawllai-a “o” aw, nei lo hi hang. Tua ahih man-in, Ko Ko Naing, cih bang pen, Ku Ku Naing peuh-in a aw i suaksak kha thei hi. Kawllai-a “o” pen “ou” lah hi lo, “aw” lah hi lo, “u” lah hi lo-in, a kikaal khat, ahi hi. (4) Kawlgam Zolai-a awsau “aw” pen laimal nih i hihsak hang-in aw khat bek hi-a monophthong ahi hi. A awtom “o” pen laimal khat i hih sak hang-in, aw nih ahih man-in, monophthong hi lo-in, diphthong ahi hi. Tua mah bang-in, a awsau “awi” leh “awu” pen laimal thum i hihsak hang-in, aw nih ahih man-in, triphthong hi lo-in diphthong ahi hi.

2. AWBUL LEH KAMBUL (PHONEME AND MORPHEME) Awbul (Phoneme) pen tu-a ih neih consonant leh vowel teng hi pah hi, kici thei hi. Kambul (Morpheme) pen nam nih-in khen pak ni: (1) Free Morpheme: Kambul amah guak a ding tawm theite hi. Gentehna: bawng, gan, ha, va (2) Bound Morpheme: Kambul amah guak a ding tawm thei lote hi. Gentehna: uiphuk, uitawmm, aw-le, sumkuang, vatawt Bang kammalte kinaisak ding?

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(1) Free Morpheme + Free Morpheme =

va + sa = vasa

nga + sa = ngasa

(2) Free Morpheme + Bound Morpheme =

ui + phuk = uiphuk (frog)

bawng + tal = bawngtal

bawng + pi = bawngpi (cow)

bawng a lian, a gol ahih leh bawng PI (big cow or big bull) “bawng” leh “pi” pen kammal tuam tuak.

bawng a nu, ta a nei ahih leh bawngPI (cow)“bawng” leh “pi” kimat ding.

(3) Bound Morpheme + Free Morpheme =

ki + gen = kigen (be told)

ki + phat = kiphat (be praised)

(4) Bound Morpheme Bound Morpheme

teem + baw = teembaw (ship)

thaai + thek = thaaithek (a certain creature)

II. Tedim leh Teizang

Dim, Hualngo, Khuano, Saizang, Sihzang, Teizang, Thahdo, Zo, Guite, Vaiphei, etc. kigawm-in Koiné Tedim (Zattaang Tedim) hong piang hi, kici hi. Kei, Teizang kampau sung pan piangkhia-in Tedim pau ka zangh hi. Teizang pan Tedim-ah, Tedim pan Teizang-ah, conversion bawlna, a tom mahmah-in hih a nuai-a bang ahi hi.

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Tedim = Teizang

1 a s- = s-

b kh- = s-

c th- = s-

=

2 a ng- = ng-

b g- = ng-

=

3 ph- = f-

=

1 a sa = sa

b kha = sa

c tha sa

2 a nga = nga

b ga = nga

=

3 pha = fa

1 a Tu ni-in Sa ka ne hi = Tu ni-in Sa ka ne hi.

b Zan-in KHa taang hi = Zan-in Sa taang hi.

c Ka ci a dam a, ka THa a hat hi. = Ka ci a dam-a ka Sa a hat hi.

all Hih THu PHa ka Sa hi = Hih Su Fa ka Sa hi.

2 a Gun-ah ka pai-a Nga ka beng hi. = Vaimim leh Nga (NGataam) ka ne hi

b Vaimim leh Ga (Gataam) ka ne hi = Vaimim leh Nga (NGataam) ka ne hi.

3 PHalam-ah THuPHa om hi = Falam-ah SuFa om hi.

[2003 October 27 Monday ni-in gelh]

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III. Zolai Punctuation: Hyphen, En-Dash, Em-Dash, Colon, etc.

Ka laigelh, na simsak na hih man-in, lungdam ing. Zolai tawh kisai, awlmawhna a nei khat na hih man-in, hong paakta ing.

Subject mun-a “Zolai Tedim leh Teizang” na cih tawh kisai, hong gen pak nuam ing. Na gen a dangte pen, hun ka ngahna tawh kizui-in damdam-in hong gelh toto ning.

Subject mun-a ka gelh pen, “Zolai Tedim leh Teizang” hi lo-in, "Zolai-Tedim leh Teizang" zong hi lo-in, “Zolai-Tedim leh Zolai-Teizang” zong hi lo hi.

Subject mun-a ka gelh pen “Zolai -- Tedim leh Teizang” ahi hi.

“Zolai-Tedim” ci-a a gelh hi leng, "Zolai" leh “Tedim” kikaal-a punctuation pen hyphen hi ding hi. Tua hyphen pen keyboard (typewriter leh computer)-ah, a gual tungnung 1, 2, 3, etc. gual, a tak lam-ah, om hi. "Zolai" leh hyphen kikaal-ah hi ta leh, hyphen leh "Tedim" kikaal-ah hi ta leh, space om lo-in kimat pah ding hi. "Zolai - Tedim" hi lo ding; "Zolai-Tedim" hi ding.

“Zolai -- Tedim leh Teizang” ci-a ka gelhna-ah, “Zolai” leh “Tedim” kikaal-a ka zat punctuation pen hyphen [-] hi lo-in, dash [--] ahi hi.

Typewriter keyboard-ah hyphen bek om-a dash om lo hi. Tua ahih man-in, hyphen leh dash i khentel theih nading-in, dash pen hyphen nih [--] tawh i lah hong kul hi.

Computer keyboard-ah zong hyphen bek om-a, ahih hang-in, typewriter sang-a a hoih zawkna-ah, dash pen kigelh thei veve hi.

Windows operating system a zangh-te in, dash a gelh nop leh, Alt-0150 khen suk leh, en-dash [–]suak hi. (Press Alt on the main keyboard, and at the same time press 0150 on the numeric keypad.) En-dash ih cih pen, tua dash in character n tawh space a huam zah kikim cihna ahi hi. Hyphen zah nih bang-in sau hi.

Em-dash ih cih pen m tawh a golna a kikim dash cihna hi-a, en-dash zah nih bang-in sau hi. Em-dash [—] pen Alt+0151 tawh kingah hi.

[Application program tuamtuamte — Word, Excel, Access, etc. — in amau’ aituam rule nei ciat ding uh-a Alt-0150, Alt-0151 zong hi tuan lo thei hi.]

A saunate-uh tehkaakna:

hyphenen-dash (Alt-0150)em-dash (Alt-0151)

===

-–—

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Punctuation tawh kisai rule-te a tamzaw in, dash pen hyphen mah bang-in, a mailam leh a nunglam-a laimalte tawh kimat pah ding-a space om lo ding, ci hi. Gentehna:

Ka lawmte thum—Thang Ho, Lian Do leh Gal Ngam—hong hawh uh hi.

Hih mun-ah, “thum” leh “Thang” kikaal-ah dash om-a, “thum” leh dash kikaal-ah hi ta leh, dash leh “Thang” kikaal-ah hi ta leh, space om lo-in kimat pah hi. Tua mahbang-in, “Ngam” leh “hong” kikaal-ah dash om-a, “Ngam” leh dash kikaal, leh dash leh “hong” kikaal-ah space om lo-in, kimat pah hi.

Rule pawlkhatte (a tawm zawte) in, dash leh a mailam leh a nunglam-a om laimalte kimat pah lo thei hi, ci uh hi. Gentehna:

Ka lawmte thum — Thang Ho, Lian Do leh Gal Ngam — hong hawh uh hi.

Hih mun-ah, “thum” leh “Thang” kikaal-ah dash om-a, “thum” leh dash kikaal-ah space khat om-in, dash leh “Thang” kikaal-ah space khat om hi. “Ngam” leh “hong” kikaal-a om dash zong, tua bangmah, ahi hi.

"Zolai -- Tedim leh Teizang" ci-a ka gelhna-ah, tu-a a nunungzaw rule a zangh ka hi hi. Dash ka gelh nading-in, Alt-0150, Alt-0151 cihte zangh lo-in, typewriter-a dan-in, hyphen nih a zangh ka hi hi.

Tu-a mun-ah dash pen colon taang-a ka zat ahi hi. A tuung-in, “Zolai: Tedim leh Teizang” ci-in ka gelh hi. Message body-ah, hih bang-in ka gelh hi:

THU: ZOLAI: TEDIM LEH TEIZANG

Ka et kik ciang-in, “THU” khit teh colon om, “ZOMI” khit teh colon om leeuleeu. Kithuap venvan lua ahih teh, ci-in hih bang-in ka gelk kik hi:

THU: ZOLAI -- TEDIM LEH TEIZANG

Tua thulu ka zatna a hang (reason): Ka gen nop pen, Zolai thu, ahi hi. Ahih hang-in, Zolai buppi (Tedim Zolai, Falam Zolai, Haka Zolai, cihte) kigen man lo ding ahih manin, tua Zolai sung pan-in Tedim Zolai thu, gen a sawm ka hi hi. Tua Tedim Zolai sung-a om Teizang thu ka genna pen, a dangte (Dim, Khuano, Saizang, Sihzang, cihte) sang-in tel zaw ka hih man hi.

[Dotna khat dawn’na-in, 2003 October 31 Friday ni-in gelh]

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A New, Inclusive Name In Place of Burma/Myanmar

Goodheart

The word Burma as used in English comes from Bamar as written in Burmese. A member of the people of Burma is a Burman in English and Bamar in Burmese. (Is the plural form of Burman Burmans or Burmen?) The name refers to the dominant people inhabiting Burma. The adjective form of Burma is Burmese in English. The language of Burma is also Burmese in English.

Bamar and Myanmar are interchangeable. The Mya Zedi Kyauksar (a historic inscription during King Kyansittha's reign, 11th century AD) contained four languages: Pyu, Myanmar, Mon and Pali. Pyu people were later assimilated into Myanmar people. Mon people are still with us. Pali is a dead language from India.

Although Shan people conquered and ruled Myanmar people at one time, and were conquered and ruled by Myanmar people at another time, Zomi (Chin) people never conquered and ruled Myanmar people, and were never conquered and ruled by Myanmar people. If you read Myanmar History, you will not find much about Zomi (Chin) people, despite the propaganda "Chin neh Bamar, swe-yin-char; Bamar neh Chin, swe-myo-yin" (Chin and Bamar are genuinely close relatives).

From Tagaung Dynasty and Pagan dynasty up to Konbaung Dynasty, there had been almost no connection between Myanmar

(Bamar) people and Zomi (Chin), Kachin, and Kayin people. And neither the word Myanmar nor the word Bamar included these people. We can read about the battles and wars between Myanmar and Mon, and Myanmar and Rakhaing. That means that Mon and Rakhaing people were not, and are not, Myanmar people.

Zomi (Chin) and Myanmar had some kind of connection only when both fell under the British, who put them under one country, called Burma. All Myanmar people fell under the Bristish by 1886, and all Zomi (Chin) people only by 1900. Even though they were under one British governor, Myanmar and Zomi were administered differently. Therefore Doh-Bamar A-si-a-yone was an organization founded by Bamar people for Bamar people. You will not find any Zomi (Chin) who was among the leaders of that organization.

Neither the word Bamar nor the word Myanmar is inclusive of all the 135 indigenous races. Bamar/Myanmar is only one of the 135 races. There are 134 other races, who are not Bamar/Myanmar. Therefore to call our country Burma or Myanmar does not do justice to the other races who are not Bamar/Myanmar. We need a new word which is inclusive of all the races in our country.

Does any of us conceive of a good idea?

[Written on June 14, 1996]

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An Inclusive Name for a Country:

How Others Did It

The Voice of a Zomi

When we look at the names of countries, we find at least two kinds:

1. Exclusive Names 2. Inclusive Names

[Some of my friends want me to show the relevant website URLs. If these URLs disturb you, please feel free to skip them. Some URLs may be too long; in that case, instead of just clicking them, select them, copy them and then paste them in the address field of your web browser.]

1. Exclusive Names

Some countries bear the name of a dominant ethnic group and exludes the names of other lesser ethnic groups.

Examples:

(1) Burma/Bamar/Myanmar (1948-present)

The successive military governments of Myanmar (in power since 1962) have been claiming that in Myanmar there are 135 ethnic groups under 8 major national ethnic races: (1) Kachin, (2) Kayah, (3) Kayin, (4) Chin/Zomi, (5) Bamar/Myanmar, (6) Mon, (7) Rakhine, and (8) Shan.

[I challenge the listing of the 135 ethnic groups (which includes the same groups twice

or thrice, and excludes some groups, etc., making it less than 135 if you take out those needless repetitions, and making it more than 135 if you take in those groups that are excluded), but that calls for another article, which I hope I will write sometime later.]

http://www.myanmars.net/people/ethnic.groups.htm http://www.metelaviv.co.il/ethnicgroups.htm http://www.journeysmyanmar.com/123_ethnic.htm

http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=0qod805i3h9g9t8e1kmv00g6ehur3rr2

http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=mdpd80t4bnh4pe9i4p2trihmm2ef0bve

The name of the country is taken from that of the dominant group, Bamar or Myanmar. The seven states are based on the seven non-Myanmar major national ethnic races, and the seven divisions are for the most dominant major national ethnic race, the Bamar/Myanmar people. The name of the country, Myanmar, excludes the names of other ethnic races.

(2) The Russian Federation (1992-present)

The Russian Federation consists of 89 constituent components: 21 republics (respubliki), 6 territories (kraya), 49 regions

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(oblasti), 2 federal cities (federalniye goroda), 1 autonomous region (avtonomnaya oblast), and 10 autonomous areas (avtonomniye okruga).

http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/ch3.html http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia

The name was derived from that of the dominant race, Russian. The name excludes the names of all other ethnic groups.

(3) The British Empire (circa 1600 - circa 1960)

At its height, the British Empire consisted of 16 territories in Africa, 21 in Asia, 4 in Europe, 25 in the Americas and Atlantic, 9 in the Pacific, 1 in Antartic. It was said that the sun never set on the British Empire. See <http://www.friesian.com/british.htm>.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_Britannica http://www.britishempire.co.uk/ http://www.friesian.com/british.htm http://www.originofnations.org/British_Empire/The%20Sun%20Never%20Set...

The whole British Empire was dominated by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The name of the Empire was taken from that of Great Britain.

(4) The Roman Kingdom/Republic/Empire (753 BC - AD 554)

In the Roman Republic (and the Roman Empire), there were many countries and races, such as Rome (Roman), Greece (Greek), Syria (Syrian), Israel (Israelite), Egypt (Egyptian), Libya (Libyan), Carthage (Carthagian), Spain (Spaniard), Gaul, Britain (Briton or British), and Cyprus (Cyprian).

Roman Kingdom : 753 BC - 509 BC Roman Republic: 509 BC - 27 BC Roman Empire: 27 BC - AD 554

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Ancient_Rome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_institutions_of_Rome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_province http://www.livius.org/gigr/governor/provinceshtml http://www.livius.org/pppr/procurator/procurator.html http://www.livius.org/pppr/prefect/prefect.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Roman_province http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_province http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senatorial_Roman_province

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_assemblies http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magistrate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_justification_of_the_state

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Tables

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic the Roman Republic (509 B.C. - 31 B.C.)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegiality http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrician http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebeians

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republican_Roman_Consuls http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Early_Imperial_Roman_Consuls http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Late_Imperial_Roman_Consuls

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_Emperors http://www.roman-emperors.org/impindex.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Emperors http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_Empire-related_topics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JulioClaudian_family_tree

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Savoy

The republic (and the empire) derived its name from the dominant group, Rome (the Romans).

2. Inclusive Names

Some countries tried to include all the constituents (lands or races) in their names. We see:

(1) Countries bearing the name that includes the NAMES of all the major ethnic races (e.g.,

Pakistan, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia);

(2) Countries bearing the name that includes all the major ethnic races and countries (e.g., the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

(3) Countries bearing the name that indicates all the major political areas (e.g., the United States of America);

(4) Countries bearing the name that indicates the social/political system of the time and does not indicate any ethnic race at all (e.g., the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics);

(5) Countries bearing the name of an impartial, even insignificant place or thing (e.g., Canada);

(6) Countries bearing the name that is acceptable to all and does not indicate any ethnic races (e.g., Switzerland).

Examples:

(1) The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1947-present)

The word “Pakistan” was coined in 1933 by Choudhury Rahmat Ali (1895-1951), in Cambridge, England. It is composed of letters taken from the names of the homelands of his people.

[P]unjab [A]fghania [K]ashmir [I]ran [S]ind [T]urkharistan [A]fghanistan

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Baluchista[N]

http://www28.brinkster.com/pakistan4ever/wordpakistan.html http://paknews.com/articles/1999/jan/art1jan-29.html http://www.bartleby.com/61/79/P0017900.html http://www.uh.edu/~sriaz/pakistan/ http://www.uh.edu/~sriaz/thecountry/plotp/ http://www.shelleys.demon.co.uk/Ali.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

All the different ethnic groups are Pakistanis and there is no separate, specific Pakistani ethnic group.

(2) Czechoslovakia (1918-1992)

Czechoslovakia was a republic of the Czechs and the Slovaks.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Czech_Republic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovaks http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Slovakia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia

(3) The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945-1992)

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia consisted of:

6 republics (Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Montenegro);

2 autonomous republics within Serbia (Kosovo and Vojvodina)

Yugoslavia = Yug + Slavia= South + Slavia

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/yugotimeline1.html http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/dof/chron/chrontit.htm http://www.srpskamreza.com/library/facts/after-WWII.html http://www.titoville.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_People%27s_Republic_of_Yugoslavia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_People's_Republic_of_Yugoslavia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Yugoslavia

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Yugoslavia http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Slavs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavs

http://www.serbiainfo.com/enc/history/sfrj.hml

“Yugoslavia” is a name that embraces all the Slavs of the South.

(4) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922-present)

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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is composed of 4 “countries”: (1) England (2) Wales (3) Scotalnd (4) Northern Ireland

Historically, the United Kingdom (1801 and 1922) is composed of (1) Great Britain (2) Northern Ireland

First, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801) Second, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922)

Great Britain (1707) is composed of (1) Britain (2) Scotland

Britain (1536) is composed of (1) England (2) Wales

Therefore, we can present it as below:

United Kingdom

(1) Great Britain

(A) Britain

(a) England

(b) Wales

(B) Scotland

(2) Northern Ireland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_United_Kingdom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_topics

http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Isles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Islands http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_England

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_States_(1171-present) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Union_1536

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Britain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_England http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wales http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Scotland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ireland

“United Kingdom” is not the name of an ethnic group. It is the name of the country and it includes all the 4 constituent countries.

(5) The United States of America (1776-present)

The United States of America (1959-present) is composed of 50 states. It also includes 1 federal district (District of Columbia, where Washington, the capital city, is situated), 3 territories (American Samoa, Guam and the Virgin Islands), and 2 commonwealths (Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands).

http://www.nga.org/cda/files/AM02WORKFORCE.pdf http://www.50states.com/ http://www.macmeekin.com/Library/terr+commonw2.htm http://www.doi.gov/oia/ http://www.doi.gov/oia/commerce/comstatpage.htm http://www.eurisles.com/Textes/statut_iles/AmericaFR.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_divisions_of_the_United_States http://www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html

America was named after an Italian man called

Amerigo Vespucci. There is no ethnic group called American.

(6) The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1917-1991)

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1940-1991) consisted of:

15 Union Republics;

20 Autonomous Republics (16 within the Russian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic, 1 within the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, 2 within the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1 within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic);

8 Autonomous Regions (5 within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1 within the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1 within the Ajerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, 1 within the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic);

? Autonomous Areas (?)

http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/r100000_.html http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/ussr.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Soviet_Constitution http://www.thisnation.com/library/ussr.html

“Soviet” is not the name of an ethnic group. It means “council”. Although the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the dominant one, the name of the whole country did not contain the word “Russia”. “USSR” or “Soviet Union” was the impartial, inclusive

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name for all the subjects.

(5) The Canadian Confederation (1867-present)

The name “Canada” derives from the Huron-Iroquois word Kanata, which means village or settlement.

The Canadian Confederation (1999-present) consists of 10 provinces 3 territories

The official languages are English and French.

http://www.collectionscanada.ca/8/11/r11-203-e.html http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/sc-cs/o5_e.cfm http://canadaonline.about.com/library/bl/blconfed.htm http://canada.gc.ca

The name of the country does not do any discrimination against any ethnic race.

(8) The Swiss Confederation (1291/1848-present)

The Swiss Confederation (1978-present) consists of 23 cantons (= 20 full-cantons + 6 half-cantons).

There are 4 major languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh. The first three are official languages.

The name of the country in 6 languages:

German: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft

French: Confédération Suisse Italian: Confederazione Svizzera Romansh: Confederaziun Svizra

English: Swiss Confederation Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Switzerland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland

http://www.about.ch/

http://www.genealogienetz.de/reg/CH/history.html

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14358a.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire

Although German is the most dominant language, the official name of the country is Confoederatio Helvetica, which is in Latin, and which is very impartial, because Latin is a dead language. (We could use a name in Pali, a dead language, for the name of our country!)

What Should We Do About The

Name of Our Country?

When the Constitution of Burma was drafted in 1947, nobody complained about the exclusive name Burma, because all the non-Burman members respected and trusted Bogyoke Aung San. Now that our beloved and respected Bogyoke Aung San is no more with us, and that the non-Burman national races have been suffering a lot, we should think about the name seriously, although we know

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that having an appropriate inclusive name will not solve all the problems.

In the British Empire and the Roman Empire, the British and the Romans conquered other countries and ruled over them. Therefore it is understandable that the name of the conqueror was used as the name of the whole empire.

But the Myanmar people never conquered and subjugated the Zomi (Chin) people, and vice versa. Therefore, why should the Myanmar people act as if they conquered and subjugated the Zomi people? (Thank God that most Myanmar people are not hostile like the SPDC.)

When I read the New Light of Myanmar, I have noticed that the SPDC has been quietly using less and less of “Union of Myanmar” and using more and more of “Myanmar”. In

the past, we saw “the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma” or “the Union of Burma Revolutionary Council” (1962-1974), and “the Council of State of the Union of Burma Socialist Republic” or “the Council of State of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma” (1974-1988). But now we find that there is less and less mention of “the Union of Myanmar”. The role of the non-Myanmar national races in the “Union” has been quietly ignored.

At a time when the SPDC tries to -- or pretends to try to -- draft a new Constitution, we should think about finding a name that will best describe or represent all the national races of our country.

The Voice of a Zomi

[Written on Sunday, April 25, 2004]

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Ka Nu(Notes on My Mother)

Tg. Tung Za Pau

1. Gam 10 pan -a doctoral sang naupangte, sianu in thu khat dong hi. Pasian’ naseem na suah theih na’ng, kua in hong phungvuh (invest/influence) peen hiam? A dawn’nate uh khat bek ahihna a theih ciang, sianu in lamdang sa hi. “Tua bang ahih mawk leh kei pen ka tanu’ aading Nu Hoih ka hih nai lohna kiphawk ing. Ka tanu tawh ka kikholh hun tawm lua hi,” ci-hi.

2. Pasian’ itna thuk a kigen ciang in, “Nawi

teep lai naungek, a Nu in manggilh thei ding hiam?” kici hi. Nau in nawi teep leh a Nu in nawi cancer ngah thei lo hi. Ta ngek’ aading Nu’ nawi mah zatui hoih (an lim) peen ahi hi. Ka Nu’ nawi ka kham-a, ka Nu’ ang-a ihmut mah nuam ka sa peen hi. Ka Nu in hong pua-in luai ah hong sial hi. Ka thawk ciang hong no-no in, a kam hai zan sa an hong muam hi. A nung-ah hong pua-in, hong laampih hi. Sun kaal zan kaal-in ka kiang-ah om den hi. Ka pian’ zia ding, ka neu-a kipan-in mu khol hi.

3. Africa gam-taak lak-ah nawi-ne lai naungek khat kikoih hi. Gamsate’ neek theih loh na’ng kikulh hi. A neek a dawn ding an leh tui kipia hi. Mi peuhmah kimusak lo hi. Kum sagih a phak ciang-in tua pa, pau thei lo-in ganhing

bang-in om milmel lel hi. Nu leh Pa-te in kampau ding hong hilh-a, siate in nun’taak

zia ding hong hilh hi. Nute in hong keem kei leh tu ni-in mihing suak lo-in, ganhing kihi lai ding hi. Paunak khat-ah naupang khat mi a suah na’ng khua zang bup pan’pih na kisam hi, ci-hi.

4. Lam pai kawm-in suang peuh sui kha le’ng, nasia leh “Ka pa” kici lo-in, “Na ei, Nu,” kici hi. Gilna sa-in tau le’ng, “Nu” mah kilo hi. Dam mawh-in lup mun tung-ah luilui le’ng “Na ei, Nu,” kici hi. Thu khat peuh i phawk ciang “Ka Nu om leh ut si ing e,” kici hi. Bang hangin Nu...Nu...Nu... ki lo hiam?

5. Ka Nute unau giat pha-in, ka Nu, khualzin hat peen hi. Ka Nu in mi’ gam mi’ lei pha ahih manin, kampau zia, niik teen’ puansilh zia, zindo zia, tate kep zia siam phadiak hi. Muhna zai-in, thu khualna taanzaau hi. Ka Pa in a sungh teng leh a nuphal teng, Mualnuam pan Kawl zang tun’pih hi. Sa a gawh loh kuamah om lo hi. Neu lai-in pate in gan go leh kinuam peuhmah hi. Ak bang a kigawh ciang kilawp mahmah-in ka laamlaam mai hi. Kizawng lua ahih manin sameh kine mun lo hi. Sa kham ni-in mang hoih ka man zeel hi.

6. Ka Nu in lungsim siangtho nei-a, kampau sawi ngei lo hi. Thu dik gen, nuam sa-in, thu maan mah za nuam hi. Pasian itna leh maaisakna telcian ahih manin mite hehpih den

hi. Pawlpi sungah kum tampi makai-in om-a, a tavuan zo den hi. Nu leh pate in Pasian’ thu tawh hong vaak-in biakinn lampi ngil hong totpih ahih manin tu ni dong-in tua lampi mah ka nun’taakna phung ahi hi. Biakna leh piakna kizom hi. Kutkai (Shan gam) ka om lai-un, ka Pa’ zato lup na’ng, ka Nu in sum leitawi ngah zo lo hi. Mite in “Tua na pa uh, a si ding peuh, bang sum leitawi zongzong na hiam?” cih san

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uh. Tg. Vung Nang in, a sum Ks. 600.00 (zaguk) zangsak hi. Pa Nang-te pension-a hong ciah ciang, ka Nu in sa gawh-a, bawng - la khat pia hi. Meeltheihte in ka nu mawhsak uh hi. Ka Nu in, “Hun khat lai-in mi si ding kimlai nun’taakna hong guan-te innkuan tung-ah ka lungdamna manggilh thei ding ka hi hiam?” ci-in dawng hi. Pastor-pa zingsang khat, inn thungetna nei hi. Ka Nu in, “Siapa, n’ong hawh theih kituak lian ei. Ka vokpi suak-in 9 pha hi. Na deih bel peen khat teel in” ci-hi. Siapa in sakhi vok mah teel pah hi. Ka Nu, piakkhiatna ah cigh mahmah hi. Seh suah

maanmaan pia hi.

7. Zingsang tho baih-in thunget hun nuam khat a khit ciang bawinawi suuk-in, an huan kawm hi. A tate, a tute a thawh uh ciang an min sa-in om hi. Zing tho baihte nasep telh hi. Ozone dat lei pan pi 3 na-ah om ahih manin zatui a diik diik tawh kibang hi. Khua a vaak ciang ozone pen lei tawh kinai om nawn lo hi. Zing tho

baihte cidam-in, a cidamte zing tho baih uh

hi.

8. Khuapihte, meeltheihte a dam loh uh ciangin nat veh-in pai den hi. An duh gil kialte an leh tui pia hi. Puan silk kisamte guan hi. A tate tute’ sang vai geelpih hi. Sang kah nai lo teng a pi uh tawh inn-ah ciak ngeeingaai uh hi. A pi inn-ah om kei leh kuamah kimu zo lo hi. Ka neu lai ka Nu’ zu-ning bawl a lim dan, tu dong ka phawk lai hi. Zu ning man tawh inn mun lei zo hi.

9. 1965 kumin Tahan-ah pawl lut-in tuiphumna nei uh hi. Kum nih sung ka kikhawm uh hi. Ka Pa in zingsang innkuan kikhop hong patpih hi. Nu leh Pa-te’ thunget hat dan lamdang ka sa hi. A gingkhia-in thu ngen den uh hi. Ka Nu’ deih phat diak kammal khat om hi. “A tawn tung” cih hi. Tua pen

Pasian’ attribute khat ahi hi. Pasian’ hihna nam khat hi. Mt. 1:21sung-a Emmanuel cih tawh kibang hi. Mt. 28:20-ah Topa Jesuh in “Leitung a bei dongin note tawh ka om tawntung ding hi,” a cihna zong hi pah hi. Pasian’ itna kisam tawntung hi. Mawhmaisakna nisim-in kisam tawntung hi. Kha Siangtho’ kepna leh lamlahna nisim-in kisam tawntung hi. Ka Nu’ thungetna ka muang mahmah hi. College ka kah ciang zong ka lai huan ding time-table ka khaak zeel-a, thungetna-ah hong phawk hi. College kum-in distiction 4 ka ngah hi. American scientist-te in sang naupang kum 11 kiim mi 400 research bawl uh-a, thungente’ tate, sang-ah mark hoih

ngah zaw cih mu hi. Huan ankung e thu ngetsak le’ng gah siam zaw deuh hi. Ka Nu’ zia zui-in ko innkuan zong tate’ a ding thunget na zang thei ung.

10. Ka Pa lo giak-in, inn pan ka Nu kuan hi. Ko unau teng sang kah. Inn tawh kilh den hi. Sang khak peuh leh lo-ah na ka seem uh hi. Ka Nu in “Na Pa gim a hih ciang, sa meh leisak kul -a, ei inn-a-te bel anteh meh huan ni,” ci thei zeel hi. Sa ka puak ni, khat vei, ka Pa in “Inn-ah sa na ne uh hiam?” ci-in hong dong hi. Tua ni-in sa a lang inn-ah hong puasak kik hi. Nu leh Pa-te kitheih zia leh tate hong khualna lamdang ka sa hi. Nu leh Pa-te in a duh uh ne

ngam lo liangin tate sang hong kahsak lam

ka thei hi.

11. Ka tan sagih kum-in typhoid natna vei-in kha khat sung zato ka lum hi. Ci sa lua ahih manin zan nih khua phawk lo-in ka om hi. Khua ka phawk ciang ka Nu’ ang-ah ka om lam ka thei hi. Dam tak-in a khut heem khialkhial-a lui gei khat-ah ding-in lam sak lam khang ka en kawi kawi hi. Ka lung leeng mahmah hi. Ka nung pan ka Pa in aw neem tawh hong hopih hi. “Tu-a i omna koi lai

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hiam? ci-in ka Pa ka dong hi. Lo khawh kin mahmah laitak-in zato-ah kitawlnga pikpek hi. Nu leh Pa-te geel in zato-ah hong kepna in itna lian hong phawksak-a, ka nun’taakna-ah mualsuang khat-in po hi.

12. Khat vei, ka Nu in Tahan Bazaar-ah vai

zuak-a hong sawl hi. Seeng bing dim pen pek thum-a hong zuaksak hi. Khua vak ma-in nupi khat in pek nih leh hamu-a deih hi. Pek thum ka ci teta hi. Khua hong vak ciang kuamah in hong dawp nawn lo uh hi. Ka vai khawngh zo lo ka hih manin inn kiu khat-ah ka bua-a, khut hawm sum hawm-in inn ka ciah hi. Thu piangte ka gen leh tua ni-a kipan vai hong zuaksak nawn lo hi. Ka maizum lam thei ahih manin hong hah sawl nawn lo hi. Tu bang-a ka nuta-un ka gen uh ciang nuih suak mahmah hi ung.

13. Ka Nu pen a ci ngo, a tha dim, pi nga leh let mat nih sang-a, 150 lb gik hi. Tha hoih-a, tha dim den hi. Ka Pa’ hong nusiat laitakin ka Nu kum 35 bek pha hi. Meigong nih leh thum, inn-ah hong hawh thei uh hi. “Pasian aw, ka Nu in pasal nei kik mawk leh, ko unau bang cih mawk ding?” ka ci hi. Innkuan ka neih khit ciang khat vei ka Nu ka dot leh “Sawm kei bilbel ing” ci hi. Ka Nu in a tate hong it luat man-a, pasal nei kik lo ahih lam America-a mite’ om dan ka muh ciang ka thei saan hi.

14. Ka tan sawm kiat kum-in ka Nu zato-ah ka puak uh hi. Numei kepna-ah kei’n ka keem hi. “Pasian aw, ka Pa om nawn lo-in, ka Nu si

mawk leh, ko unau bang cih ding?” ka ci leeuleeu hi. Ka Nu a dam ciang Munlai pan Kalemyo dong tai 4 bang pen khe tawh ngiat kum khat sung sang ka kah hi. Tua kum tan sawm ka on’ (aun’) ciang ka nuamna khauhpai mahmah hi.

15. Tedim sangpi-ah tan sawm ka kah kum-in nungak meel hoih khat ka mu hi. Pasian kiang ah ka zi ding in thu ka ngen hi. Ngai mahmah napi ing in, bangmah ka pulaak ngam kei hi. Ka nun’takna uh kikhaai lua ka sa hi. 1985 kum-in Bangalore-ah India Campus Crusade-ah trainning kah kawm leh na seem kawm-in ka om hi. Ka omna peuhpeuh-ah Zomite omna a kan den ka hih manin, khua sung-a sang teng ka baan hawh thei hi. Ni khat BBBC sport ni-in ka hawh leh ka lawm ngaih nu ka mu hi. Tui vot hai nih hong suah hi. Tedim sang ka kah ngei lam ka gen hi. Tua pan ka thunget hong tangtun’ na’ng ka hanciam leeuleeu hi. Thum vei bang a tuam-in an neek khopna ka nei hi. Sum nei lo zeel ka hih manin ka puan hoih peen ka pong (paung) hi. Sang a man ciang inn lam-ah hong ngak hi. Pune-ah B.D. kum khatna December sang khak sung-in inn ka ciah hi.

16. Ka Nu kiang-ah zi hong pisak na’ng ka gen hi. “Zi na deih leh Tahan-a na Pu’ tanu teen’pih in,” hong ci hi. Tua ban-ah, “Vuandok, Mangpi-te’ inn-ah mo dong dingin kilawm lo hi hang. A tha ang mahmah uh zahtaak huai khin hi. Ei pen tagah khat hi lel hang,” ci hi. Ka Nu kiang-ah, “Kumpipa’ tanu zong a teen’pih ngam hi ing,” ka ci hi. Amah’n bel, “Hoih teei leh,’ hong cihsan hi. Ni thum sung khauhual kisutna ka nei hi. Zingsang khat ka Nu kiang-ah mo dot kul nawn lo hi. “Ka taaipih ding hi,” ka ci hi. Hong dawng vet lo hi. Zingsang ka thawh ma-in, meltheih honkhat tawh Tedim pai uh hi. Hong it luat manin ka khan sung-ah ka it peenpeen tawh

ka teen’ theih na’ng, maizum ngam lo-in zi hong pisak hi. Ka zi leh ka tate geel ka Nu in it mahmah hi. Zomi Theological College-ah ka sep sungin ka Nu hong hawh thei zeel-in ka tate in, “Pi aw, ka pa’ neu lai thu, hong gen in,” ci-in tangthu dan-in gen thei zeel uh hi. A

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tapa hong it luat man-in a tute geel bang lim it phadiak hi. Ka zi in zong pian’na nu zah-in zeem zo, huai zo-in it den hi.

17. Ka Nu kiang-ah “Zingsang thawh pan zan dong, na na sep gim lo maw?” ka ci hi. “Ka tate’ aading hi peuh leh ka gim thei kei hi,” ci-in hong dawng hi. Ka neu lai-in ka Nu a pil lo-a ka ngaihsut pen ka kum ham ciang, ka Nu

pil lam ka thei pan hi. Kei’ aading-in pilna cih pen itna sung pan hong phulkhia hi lo hiam?

18. Khat veivei antang bung sung-ah buhtang mal khat zong a om loh lam om hi. Ka Nu in Munlai-a meeltheihte lak-ah buh huum taangh nih cih bang leitawi-in an ka su thei uh hi. Sum leitawi, an leitawi cih bel nei mun pian ung. Ahih hang kipuksi sam lo hi.

19. Neu lai-in an neek sang-in, bawlung suih ka kin zaw hi. An neek hun leh ka Nu in khua zang zaak-a hong sam au-au zeel hi. Kimawl

leng lah nuam saan ka hih manin inn ki uan pah thei lo hi. A kimawl kimlai besan lei-a hong sawl hi. Ka lungsim-ah kimawl ding bek om hi. Besan lei ding-a pek nga lai dal khat tawi-a ka tai vingveng hi. Sai-ah tawi khai khin-in ka sum piak ding ciang ka khut sung-ah ka sum na om lo mawk hi. Lam gei khat-ah paai kha hi leng kilawm. Be lo sum lo tawh thung-ip hawm tawh inn ka ciah hi.

20. Nute tung bangci-in lungdam ko thei ding

hiam? Bang hun-a koh ding hoih hiam? A kisap nate a manlang peen-a huh hoih hi. Nisim-a hopih thei, a hawh theite hampha uh hi. An duh gil kial-a om lo-in, kam nuam lo i pau khak loh ding kisam hi. Kumpi Nu bangin itna, zahtaakna, thupi bawlna leh thupha khat teeiteri lah den ding hoih peenpeen hi. Ha-ni

kawm-a nawizu bang zah thu pha zong khang khat-a kiloh zo lo, ci-uh hi.

21. “Na Nu kua hiam?” hong kici leh laigual khat tawh ka dawng nuam hi. “Ka Nu pen

neih sa kep siam mi (good stewardship) a hi hi.”. A pasal keem siam-in, tate tute keem siam-a, a neihsate zeek siam hi. Pasian’ gam leh unaute’ aading hawm diamdiam thei hi. Hun zat dan, sum zat dan, nate zat dan leh itna zat dan siam ka sa hi. Pasian’ mi zat mi muan’ huai ka suah theih na’ng Nu hoih hong pia Tung Sian Mang’ min sial bang lo ing e. Tu dong hong dampih lai hi. Ka Nu ka itna ka gengen leh ama’ hong itna thu vive hi zaw e. Ka omna mun Dayton, Ohio hong tung baih ding cih zong ka thungetna ahi hi. Ka laikung tawh ka Nu ka itna ka gelh hi. Nu aw, kong

ngai lua hi! Cik ciang kimu thei ding hiam? Nute itna, lai tawh ki gelh kim zo lo hi.

Ka lungdam hi.

Tung Za Pau

[Hih lai, 06 AUG 05 SAT ni-in, kingah hi.]

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Zomi Christian Netwok

Tg. Zam King Mang

Bringing together Zomi and proclaiming

the Good News.

About ZCN

Welcome! Thank you for visiting the ZomiChristianNetwork website.

ZCN focuses primarily on work among the Zomi. Since its founding, the vision and passion of ZCN is to join together Zo people from around the globe impacting Myanmar and the world for Christ, and sending Zomi as missionaries to proclaim the Good News of Jesus to other ethnic peoples and nations. ZCN represents and stands for religious freedom. The Zomi, as they have called themselves from time immemorial, are one of the major ethnic groups in Myanmar commonly known as the Chin People. The Zo people are a mountain dwelling ethnic group who inhabit Chin State in Myanmar and Mizoram State and some parts of Manipur State in India. Our organization is called “Zomi Christian Network” because we believe that it is vital to be identified by our more accurate and historical name “Zo”.

Christian Heritage

Religion has played a very important part in uniting the Zomi. Zo people have maintained

their traditional belief, which was animist until

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the British and American missionaries began work on both sides of the India-Burma border. A majority of Zomi began converting to Christianity and it was estimated that by 1947 about 80% of Zomi were Christians. The term Zomi was officially adopted by the Zomi Baptist Convention in 1953. The ZBC remains one of the largest groups of Baptists in the Myanmar Baptist Convention.

Our Vision

We are a non-profit, biblically based, Zomi Christian organization dedicated to building up the church, preaching the Good News, and promoting religious freedom. ZCN is actively seeking to include all people of all races, ethnic origin and social and economic standing. When someone joins ZCN, they join a spiritual family. The ZCN seeks to bring together like-minded individuals to network in evangelistic outreach and social aid.

Our Mission

● Exalt the Lord (bring glory to God) in all that we do.

● Equip people to grow in their faith and know their God-given privileges and responsibilities.

● Expand the Kingdom of God and build relationships with other Christian communities.

● Build bridges between the Zomi and humanitarian agencies while being involved through social work.

Statement of Faith

We believe● The Bible as originally given by God,

divinely inspired, infallible, entirely trustworthy; and the supreme authority in all matters of faith and conduct.

● There is one God, eternally existent in three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

● We believe deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His vicarious and atoning death through His shed blood, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, and in His personal return in power and glory.

● The Salvation of lost and sinful people through the shed blood of the Lord Jesus Christ by faith apart from works, and regeneration by the Holy Spirit is absolutely essential.

● The present ministry of the Holy Spirit by whose indwelling the Christian is enabled to live a godly life, to witness and work for the Lord Jesus Christ.

● The resurrection of both the saved and the lost; they that are saved unto the resurrection of life and they that are lost unto the resurrection of damnation.

● In the spiritual unity of all true believers in our Lord Jesus Christ.

Our Strategy

We believe that one of the most effective strategies, as well as the most cost-effective, is to sponsor native workers. There are varieties of ways to get involved in helping local Christians. Some of the ways we help local ministries:

1. Local church ministers2. Social workers3. Bible Colleges

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4. Bible College student scholarships5. Orphanages6. Drug rehabilitation centers

Our Invitation

We invite you to become a member of ZCN. There is no cost for membership, though you will be given the opportunity to invest in some significant ministries amongst the Zo people.

When you join ZCN, you become part of a worldwide movement. Just imagine the influence you can have by joining with other members. You will be given wonderful opportunities to invest your talents and financial resources toward ZCN’s missions. Thank you for prayerfully considering supporting ZCN.

To become a member of Zomi Christian Network, simply send us an email with the following information:

First name Last name AddressEmailPhone Number (Home and Cell)

Thank you for joining ZCN! Please make a commitment to spread information about ZCN by e-mail, letter, or word of mouth to your friends and family members to encourage them to join ZCN also.

The best way you can support our work is through a regular monthly gift. Every penny given to ZCN makes a difference in someone’s life. Your gifts enable native workers to reach out in love and introduce Jesus Christ to people who otherwise would not have a

chance to hear.

Join ZCN Prayer Network

We invite you to partner with us in prayer.One of the most effective ways to help the ZCN's mission is to partner with us in prayer. Join our prayer network to spread the Gospel of Jesus Christ world wide through your prayers. We will provide you with specific prayer requests so that you can stay informed and join with us as we pray for the nationsPlease fill in your name and e-mail address to join our Prayer Network:Name: ------------------------------Email: ----------------------------- (Thank you for joining us)

Do not be anxious about anything, but in

everything, by prayer and petition, with

thanksgiving, present your requests to God.

And the peace of God, which transcends all

understanding, will guard your hearts and

your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6

Global Network

ZCN is a network of individual members from up to 15 countries around the globe, joining together for the expression of unity amongst Christian individuals belonging to different churches.

Where our members are:

Australia Germany ItalyMalaysia Singapore

Burma Great Britain JapanNorway Thailand

Canada India KoreaPhilippines USA

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F.A.Q.s

1. What is ZCN’s current status and affiliations?

ZomiChristianNetwork was founded and incorporated in Portland, Oregon, USA. The state of Oregon granted non-profit corporate status to ZNC as a religious organization on May 17, 2005 .

City Bible Church, a 4,000-member church in Portland, Oregon, serves as an apostolic covering over ZCN with its Extension Ministries Department. We are also seeking to become an associate member of World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE), and other organizations that share similar concerns.

2. Is ZCN membership only for the Zo people?

Joining ZCN is open to all individuals who have the same vision and mission. We firmly believe that the church of Jesus Christ is one body, consisting of multi-ethnic groups without any discrimination. At the moment membership is free.

3. How is ZCN accountable for its finances?

We have the highest standard of integrity and uncompromising Christian values in all our fund raising events. We have outside auditors who audit all of ZCN’s accounts. This report is available to the public, upon request.

4. What are the benefits of being a member of ZCN?

The benefits are:● Connect and communicate with fellow

ZCN members’ world wide to get in touch with one another.

● Share experiences and information that benefit Zo people around the globe.

● Receive updates of developments among the Zomi, and participate in networking activities.

● Biggest benefit is being a part of a

Zomi global community, in uniting the Zo people and expanding the kingdom of Christ.

Contact Information:

For General Questions

Email: kingmangzo@yahoo.com info@zomichristian.org

Postal Address: Zomi Christian NetworkP.O. Box 1468

Portland, OR 97024-1468, USATelephone and Fax Number:

(503) 762 7560

Our Leadership Team

Advisors: Bob & Sharon WagerPhilip & Helen Stanley Joel & Kelly Kaylor

President: King Mang ZamVice President: Kham Go PauVice President: S.B. Hau PauTreasurer: Thang Suan Khup

Secretary: Amber Dawn Roth

[This article was received on 18 JUL 05

MON]

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Ak Khuang ta, Thawh Hun ta!

Rev. Tg. Tung Za Pau

Mangngilh theih loh neu lai thu khat ka gen nuam hi. Zingsang ak a khuan’ sim-in, ka naunu (nu Boih) in, amah a kisam sa hi ding hi ve’n, “Hawi” ci-a dawng thei zeel hi. Kum nga, kum guk pawl hi-in, tho tuan saam lo baan-ah, a ihmut nuam sa saan hi. Mang man saan hi leh kilawm. Kua’n hong sam hiam, zing tuung-a “Hawi” ci -a, na dawn’, ci-in ciamnuih bawl zeel ung. Unau pasal giat lak-ah sanggam numei khat bek nei ka hih manun kicim man ngei lo hi. Ka it mahmah uh hi.

Tu hun leitung om zia ka muh dante zingtuung ak khuang tawh ka gen kaak nuam hi. “Hunte bei hanhan-a, eite lah Gupna i ngah nai kei-a,” ci-in tanglai kamsang patauhna awging ka za hi. Hun leh nite kikheel meengmeeng-a, mun tuamtuam-a om ei Zomite i thumuhna bangci-in a om hiam? Eite i kikheel sawm hiam? I kiphuahphat sawm hiam?

Tu hun khang pen postmodern era kici hi. Khua-phe-lep khang ci-in min ka vawh nuam hi. Khualzitna khang zong kici hi. Sente million 1300 lakah, million 110 bang leitung mun khempeuh ah kizeel uh hi. Leitung bup-ah Sen mite’ om lohna om lo hi. Japan mite phaak ngei lohna mun om lo hi. A muh, a zaak, a theih thute inn ciahpih-a, set nam tuamtuam bawl thei uh hi. Khualzinte in a hoih leh a sia a nam kim-a thei uh hi. America-te sum lut tam peen in bomb zuak man hi lo hi. Pilna sang (technology) a zuak man uh zong hi lo hi. Khualzin (tourism) hang-a sum luutna hoih peen hi. Zo Pu-Pa-te leimong koi mun

ciang tung ngei uh hiam? Khua lam-a vai min beel, beel san (copper)-te koi pan kingah hiam? Ka pu in Silchar pan-a a leina thu hong gen den hi. Mualnuam pan-in ni sagih kipai ci hi. Silchar pen Hingtal ci-in lo uh hi. Aijawl-Gauhati bus ka tuan’ ciangin, ka pu’ thu gente a maan lam ka phawk hi.

1917, Galpi Masa lai-in Zogam pan mi tul khat Europe-ah gamkuan uh hi. Piancit (France) gam leh London kiim-a meileeng lam dung-ah na seem uh hi. Ka Pute geel Pum Ngin le Pu Song Theu zong makai-in kihel uh hi. Zomite Europe leitang i siik khit kum sawm kua hi ta hi.

USA ah Zomi a tung masa kua (-te) hiam? Bang hun pawl-in tung uh hiam? Bang lampi tawn uh hiam? Ka theih nop pawl hi ciitciat hi. 1945 April kha-in US Army 101-a Col.. Peer (intelligence) in Pu Tg. Lian Pum, Karen khat leh Kachin khat, special vanleng tawh Calcutta, Bombay, Istanbul, Rome, Paris, Kiev, London, New York leh Washington, D.C. kha khat khualzitpih hi (etkaak: Pu Lian Pum leh Pi Lia Goih Za Niang-te Golden Jubilee). Pu Tg. Lian Pum pen America leitang a siik masa peen Zomi-in ka ciamteh hi. Tua ma-in a tung na theih uh leh hong gen dih un. America i tun’ zawh kum sawm guk pha hi. Tua hun lai-in mi khat bek hi-a, tu-in ahih leh tul sawmnih, tul sawmthum bang pha kuan ta ding hi. Tu-a a khangte i tun’ theih na’ng-a lam a sial kholkhol om cih ka phawk saan hi. Amau tung-ah lungdam ko hang.

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Dr Robert Kecks. Sacred Quest, laimai 7-ah, America leitang-ah a teeng masa mite pen Mikang (Caucasian)-te hi lo hi. Native Indian-te zong hi beek lo hi. African-Asian American te hi uh-a, tu nung kum tul sawm thum le nga pawl-in khua na sat khin uh ci-in mukhia hi. Tua ma-a om mite kithei nai lo hi. Ei Asia mite’ gam-ah a zuan kik ka hih lam ka phawk ciangin zin bangin om nawn lo-a, innteek bangin ka gamta hi. Tua pen hoih zaw, cidam huai zaw hi. Mission thupil ka sinna-ah “ownership”, innteek lungsim neihna in nasep silbawlna-ah a mui bun peen ahih lam ka thei hi. Ka logam ka innmun a zuan kik ka hih manin sep ding tavuan tam peuhmah hi. Ka sep nop, ka sin nop, ka theih nop, ka pai nop, ka muh nop, ka kaan nop thute tam peuhmah hi.

Zomite khang thum khang li a kizom-a a pil, a siam, a hau leh a minthang, bang hang om lo hiam? Na nun’taakna sungah mi bangzah sathau nilh na hiam? Mi nam’ aading na nun’takna bangci ciang na kiphal hiam? Etteh huai ding lim hoih-in na om hiam? Mite in mi muan’huai-in hong ngaihsun hiam? Na kampau leh na gamtatna a tonkhawm hialhial maw? Kisai lo pi-in mite’ innkuan vai, pawlpi vai, beh le phung vai, ngeina vai, sang vai, thu khat peuhpeuh-ah na buai kha maw? Na din’mun na kitelcian maw? Na din’na mun a kip hiam? Na nasep a kip hiam? Na suunmang a siang lai hiam? Makai siam na hi maw? Mihuai siam na hi maw? Mailam bang tan na mu khol thei hiam? Ei le ei kidot ding dil-sih zah om hi.

Yangon a tung ngei lo ahi ngeite in tu ni-in US leitang-ah, Malaysia-ah, Japan-ah, Singapore-ah, Korea-ah inn leh lo nei-in, sumbuk nei-in, an-saite nei-in, pastor seem, nurse seem, sang sia seem, professor seem,

pilna saang sin-in, inn-teek-in ki-om ta hi. Mikang, mivom, mi-eng, mi-san, mi-puang (mi namcin’)-te’ thudot leh thu kikuppih-in om uh hi. Hun khat ni ciang White House leh UNO khawmpi-ah thu gen lai ding hi. Nobel letsong sang lai ding hi hang! Na um ngam maw? Ahi thei ding maw? Pasian’ hong siamna leh eima’ hanciamna hang-a piang hi lo maw! Pu-pa-te in a nungta Pasian a biak man-un, ei tu ni-in lei thupha, van thupha a sang hi lo i hi hiam! Leimong kiu li-ah ki zeel thei ta hi lo i hi hiam? Pasian lapsang ding-in kei kua hi lel tak ka hi hiam? Kumpi David, Evangelist Billy Graham, Bill Bright, cihte, tua bangin lungsim kiniamkhiatna kampau uh hi. Ei bangci-in kam i pau hiam? Kiniamkhiatna maw, tungtuan’ nopna; kiphasakna maw, lungsim sian’thona? Thu khual ‘na maw, kidem na?

1900 pawl-in leitung bup Khristian 85% pen Mikangte hi uh-a, 15% pen a dang teng kigawm hi. Kum za a cin’ ciang, 85% pen minam dang kigawm bup (Mikang lo) hi-in, tam zaw ta hi. Zogam-ah kum za a cin’ ciang 85% in Khristian kihi hi. Bangzah-in angtan’ huai! Lungdamna thu (gospel) in nun’taak na bang tan hong puahpha hiam? Hun khat lai-a ganhing a bang mite, mihing hong bangsak hi. Mihing hihna panin pasian hong bang sak hi. Vantungmi hong suunsak hi. Lengtong Hoih hong bangsak hi. 1899-in Lungdamna thu (khaici) Haka hong tung masa-a, gam buppi-ah kithehthaang hi napi-in, a kung hoih kop nih pen Khuasak (Tedim gam)-ah po masa peen hi. Bang hang-a lei hoihna mun dang khat peuh-ah po masa lo hiam? Lei pian’ ma Pasian in geelna khat nei hi. Zomite i ut- i ut kei zong-in a kikhen thei ding bang hi lo hi. Kampau, lai, ngeina, pian’ zia, biakna leh upnate-ah kikhen thei lo ding hi. Pasian’ gawm sate kuamah in khen kei ta uh hen.

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Nitumna pan nisuahna-ah sangmang (missionaries) kipuak-a, tu-in kilehbulh ding kipan ta hi. Nisuahna gam leh nitumna gam-ah pilna zong-in Topa’ tuu huang-ah innteek na sem ka hih man-in, thute lang muh lo-a, pumkhat-a ka muh khop theih na’ng ka hanciam hi. A bu cing-a khil khawm thei le’ng hoih kimna kilang pan hi. Physicist David Bohm in “Thu khat bel vel-in bucing tak- a mu thei le’ng kitel cian sinsen hi,” na ci hi. Cihmawh gentheihna gam pan a taanzaauna mun zuan i hih manin, sang kahna, gamtatna, leh nasepna kihanciam hi. A pil thei lo, a hau thei lo nam kihi lo hi. Kumpi a seem thei nam kihi lua hi!

1776 kum-in leitung buppi-ah democracy gam khat bek om pan-a, tua pen U.S.A. gam ahi hi. 1900 kum-in gam 13 democracy gam hi-a, 1950 ciang-in gam 36, 1990 ciang gam 60, tu ni-in gam 201 te-ah democracy ki-ukna kizang hi. Ei gam, Union of Myanmar zong democracy ki-ukna tung kik hak nawn lo ding ci-in i lamen hi. Pasian leh mihing’ hanciamna tawh hong piang ding hi.

Gamdang i tun’ciangin, bangci bang-in an neek tui dawnna i nei hiam? Pongmoh bawlna set khat ($35.00 tawh) ka lei-a, buh sang-in pongmoh ka lim neek zaw hi. Buh bel ei gam-ah kikham khin hi. Sa sangin anteh an-gah lim zaw hi. Ci-al, ci-khum, leh sathau tam zat loh a hoihna ka thei ta hi. Mikangte’n an lim peen a cih uh “Zo-huan” na hi lel e! Florida leh California-a omte in huan bawl thei na hih man-un hampha k’ong sa hi. Sum bei ngaihsutna bek hi lo-in, cidamna ngaihsutna leh innkuan kikholh theihna ahih lam thupi ka sa hi. Tate tawh huan sung-a hun tawmkha sung nui liingliing-a kiak bot kawm-a kikholhna pen manpha mahmah hi. Huan tui buak kawm-a tui kitheh zong a nopna tuam

pian’ hi lo hiam. An lim tah ci-a tampi neek na in van gik hi leeuleeu hi. An neek siamna zong pilna ahi hi. Ka gihna bangzah pha cih mi kim in nisim-in kisit ding hoih hi.

Pilna bangci-in i zong uh hiam? Mundang i phaak theih zong pilna kipatna hi pah hi. Pope John Paul II in gamdang khual a zit ciang a tun’na gam leitang nam masa den hi. “Daih-lemna (= daihna + kilemna) om ta hen,” ci-in thupha pia masa hi. Israel-te in bel “Shalom” ci-in mi hopih uh hi. Kawlmite in “Mingala ba” ci-uh. Zomite in “Na dam kim ta vo,” “Topa’thupha maw,” ci hi hang. Khua-phe-lep khang-ah laibu sim sangin lim et nuam kisa zaw hi. Video, film, CDs hun hi ta hi. Et ding a hoih, pilna, gamtat hoihna, Pasian tawh kinaina zon’ siam kisam. Tel siam kisam hi. Thu khat peuh-ah telsiamna in na nun’taakna kilamdangsak ding hi. Bangci kam pau ding. Bang ngaih sun ding. Bang seem ding. Sang koi zaw teel ding. Nun’taakna bangci-in limci tak-a zang ding. Innkuan nuam leh innkuan kip na’ng bang cih ding. Bangci kam pau ding. Laikhak bang ci-in gelh ding. Mi kuamah simmawh huai lo hi. Inn-a naseem peen-a na zat khat peuh hun khat ni ciang-in mihau mipil misiam pipi hong suak kha thei ding hi. Minam le Khazih gam khan’toh na’ng bang movie, video bawl sawm na hi hiam? Sum ngah theih na’ng bang na seem ding. Na pil nop le pil masa in kici thei hi. Na hauh nop leh hau masa in.

Solomon kumpipa in “Nungak leh tangval kingaih theihna thu, a hang ka thei zo kei hi,” na ci hi. Ei hong ngai khat va ngaih pen thu lamdang hi lo hi. Ei hong ngai lo, hong thei ngei lo nungak meel hoih khat, (tangval pong cing khat) va ngaih pen tha tho keei hi. Kilawp mahmah hi. Bang hang hiam? Ngah zawh na’ng in sun leh zan-in thu kingaihsun

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hi. Laibu hoih teng kisim hi. Lawm dangte kiangah thu kidong hi. Lawm ngaih numei theih teng kikan-a, huhna kingen hi. Lampi dang bang om lai, bang om lai ki cici mai hi. Kimaizum zo lo hi. Maizumna bei ta hi. Pasian kiangah a sunsun, a zanzan-in phone kihopih hi (Jer.33:3). Sum bangzah ka nei ta hiam, cih kituat man lo hi. A maan (photo)-te ki-en-a, kihopihpih mai hi. Mikangte’ paunak-ah, “Nungak meel hoih a teen’pihte in, a vul thei lo paak huan keemcing tawh kibang” ci uh hi. Nungak leh tangval ki-itna namtui pen thupi hi. Zawl Cing leh Ngam Bawm ki-itna zawl thu, zaak nop ka sa den hi. Galkap mang Napoleon Bonaparte’ zawl laite tu dong sim nop hi. Na zawl thute lai-in na ciamteh hiam? Laibu-in hong bawlkhia un, sim nuam hang e. Nungak khat in pasal nei-a, a naunu in,“U aw, pasal neih a nuam na?” ci-in dong hi. A unu in, “A khum tawh kibang, a thak tawh kibang, khat veivei lum zeel, vot zeel e. A nuam bang si, a nuam lo bang si. Hi keei zel e. Nang’n pasal na neih ciang’n thei ni teh” ci- hi. “Zi (pasal) neih a nop lam thei leng, kum 20 ka phak pawl-in ka nei ding,” a ci zong om. A nei hakte in innkuan neih ding lau deuhdeuh uh-a, zi (pasal) nei lo-in om suak thei uh hi. Ni nung zui, nu unau kiteeng cihte tu-in hun nawn lo hi. Kilawm nawn lo hi. Ei beh bek mah, cih pen khang lui vai. Dr. Maung Maung Nyo’ laibute, P. Moe Nin’ laibu hoihte sim huai hi. Mi kim in amau’ lunggulh peen mah bangin, lawm kingaihna-ah suahtaakna om ta hen.

Upna-ah suahtaakna om ta hen. Kampauna-ah suakta uh hen. Kuamah in thu nei kei ta hen. Nu leh pa’ thu zong hi lo hi. Lia le taangte in khensat hen. Kumpi George in U.K. gam-ah kha khan’lawhna a om lai, Pasian in Wesley-te unau a zat hun lai-a a kampau ciapteh huai ka sa hi. “Kumpi tokhom-ah ka tut lai teng, ka ukna gam mite in upna thu-ah a lungkim bang-un suahtaakna om ta uh hen” ci hi. Tate’

mailam sunmang (vision) a khaktantan na bang kha hiam? Kisam lo pipi kampauna kol na ok kha hiam? Kidop huai hi. Zomi makaite in tua bang mipi-lungsim (noble heart) neih hun hong tung kuan ta hi (Isaiah. 32:8). Suahtaakna pen lauhuai mahmah zeel hi. Kizang khial baih mahmah hi.

Nupa ki-it na pan, tanu tapa kinei hi. Tate in pilna a zon’ masak ding deihsak huai peen hi. Siate leh Board makaite in naupangte’ pilna leh gamtat hoih a neih ding uh hahkat uh hi. A kisam sum lah om lel hi. Pilna sin theih nam tul zakhat bang om hi. Ei’ ki sap pen nam tul khat hi lo-in, khat leh nih hi lel hi. Sang-ah kimawlna tuamtuam, tui peekna, media ci-in pilna behlap na’ng tam mahmah hi lo hiam! Music a kivate bang sum naak hoih khat hi den hi. Pilna kician khat leh nih na neih leh hauhna in hong pawlbawl pah ding hi. College siate kum sum $ 100,000 tung siah ngah thei uh hi. A zatna pen 10% hi zo lo hi. Kum sawm bang na a seem theite in $ 500,000-$700,000 bang khol thei uh hi. Etteh huai mahmah hi. Ei zong tua bang din’mun a piang thei lua hi. Hahkat dih un.

Gam dang i om sung-in khua lam-te, pawlpi-te, beh leh phung-te bangci-in huh thei ding i hi hiam? Mizawng gam-a khangkhia-in, zawn’na in hong khuhcip zawh khang tampi pha-in, hauhna pen thu lamdangpi khat tawh ki bang hi. Kizawng lua ahih manin, thupha i bawl sunsun zong, sehnel lak-a tui buah tawh kibang hi! Gam ang i tun’ phet -a $ ki ngah ziahziah pah saam lo hi. $ nei le’ng, ei sang deih zaw lai uh hi. Zomite sang-in Kawlmite in sum deih zaw. Kawlte sang Kala-te in sum deih zaw. Kala-te sang in American-te in sum duh zaw lai uh. Mipilte in sum manphatna lim theih lua uh hi!

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Inn lam-a-te in bel $ a nei dingin hong tuat uh hi. Ahi bang kigen ngam saam lo hi. I gen zongin um tuan lo ding uh hi. Hihna taktak a gen ki-om pha nai lo hi. Ei leh ei mah kisial puut zel mawk hi hang. $ omna mun-ah om i hih manin $ bel kingah mah hi. Ahih hang i zatna tam veve hi. Sang-ah sum zat dan ding kihilh ngei lo-a, nu leh pate in lah hong hilh ngei lo uh hi. Tua kawmkaal mah-a, inn lam-te i vaan kul hi. 1965-in Pa … in mi khat (Tg.…) taan-sang sang kahna sum tul li leh za nga zang sak hi. 1995 ciangin tua zah lian mah-in loh hi. Ka mit-a ka muh thu ka gen hi. Tua pen thumaan ka sa thei kei hi. Ka lung nuam het-het lo hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, 1965 pawl-in sum in man nei lai-in, kum sawmthum khit ciang a man neihna kilamdang lua hi. Ka gen nopna-ah inn lam sum na huh nop leh a khong-in pia kei inla, inflation (sum man khan’ dan) tawh tuat den ding han ciam in. Piak khong pen bei khong lel hi. Loan (leitawi) hoih zaw hi.* (Bangladesh economist Muhammad Junus in micro-credit zangh-a Grameen Bank phuan hi. 2006 December ciang-in Nobel Peace Prize Award $ 1.37 million ngah hi.) Khangluite in, “sum-ah unau pata om lo hi,” na ci uh hi. Tua pen sum hangin unau sung-ah kikhasiatna a om loh na’ng kigin’kholh na’ng cih nopna hi. Zogam-a thusia tam peen sum vai hi. Lawm hoih tampite sum han in khan’ tawn kinuak uhi. Mi i muan’ sang Pasian muang le’ng hoih zaw hi. Mi in hong huh zo kei leh kiheh-in, kigensia nuam-in, kikhasiat lawh hi. Pasian in bel tu ni dong leitung bup mi khempeuh (million 6300) huh lo-in om ngei lo hi. Huh lo-in om thei lo hi. Pasian tung ah kikha sia thei lo hi. Khasia kha le’ng peuh tuahphatna piang zawsawp hi. Inn lam-te i huh ciangin a dapphah (endowment) kip ding geel masa-a, tua tung-ah amau zong a hahkat theih ding kisam hi. Huh thadah huai lo hi. Amau kin kei le’ng, kua khual ding i hi hiam? Hun a ngah

sim-a nang kiang pan thupha ($) lamen den ahihna na phawk hiam? Zogam-ah kum sim-in sing khawl hoih teng phuk-in mei cih-in, khai kituh hi. A dang a hoih zaw lampi a theite in i innkuanpihte hong lamlak ta un. Huan bawl siamna, lo khawh siamna a neite hong kipan ta un. Jhuming cultivation pen tu hun khang-ah hi thei nawn vet lo hi. Tua dan-a nun’taakna zong ei bek mah hi le’ng kilawm khong e. Dah huai sa ing.

Khua-phe-lep khang-ah laamna pawi kilim bawl hi. Laamna in damna pia thei hi. Khut, khe, kam, maitang, pumpi bup bek hi lo-in, lungsim le kha zong laam pah hi. Pasian mai-ah i laam thei hiam? Dahna, kahna, mite simmawhna, lungleen’na, tuahsiatna, supna, baaina, zawn’na, ngauna, a deih huai lo, a dik lo, a muh thadah huaite Pasian’ mai-ah i laampih ding ki aam hi. Pasian’ mai-ah lungsim buppi tawh singkhia hun (=sin’khiat hun) hi ta hi. Pasian mai-ah tang-guak-a omna kisam hi. Na lung sim buppi tawh Pasian mai-ah pu laak in (Late. 51). Na muan’ na suan’ khat kiang-ah pulaak in, na van gikte zaang tuam ding hi. Tua hi kei leh kikangtum thei hi. Tua bang-a thu-sim (confidential) hong kigente pholaak lo ding hi.

U.S ka tun’ ciangin, $ manphatna ka thei pan hi. $ zon’ ding a thupina ka thei pan hi. $ zatna kidop luat ding ka thei pan hi. Sum in nun’taakna nei hi. Sum sazian nisim-a sit huai hi. Zat loh ding kizang kha pahpah hi. Sum pen ei’ aa hi lo-a, kumpite’ aa, taangpi’ aa, ahi hi. Sum pen mun khat bek-ah tol-om thei lo-in vasa bang-in leeng kawikawi hi. Khasum i saan’ ma nagawn-a kizang khin hi. Sum zat siamna pen pilna khat ahih lam ka thei ta hi.

Tel khialh den thu khat om hi. Kumpi

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nasep pen a deih huai leh a thupiitna, tu’n kithei pian ta hi. Kumpi naseemte pen kumpite mah hi pah uh hi. Khasum kikham lo ahih pen dah huai hi. Bang cih ding? Biakna naseem lung lut hun a om mah bangin, biakna lam bek pai hun ahih lohna kithei ta hi. Pilna zon’na, sum zon’na, siamna zon’na pen mihing’ pian’pih lungsim tawng pan-a kinei khinsa hi. Na tate sum tulza zakhat na piak sang, pilna an kuang dim khat pia lecin, mai lam-ah lametna om zaw hi. Na zi (pasal) leh na tate pil nading na sum bang zah na phungvuh (invest) hiam? Kumpi Nu’ naseem ding in na tate sawl in.

Thu khempeuh hoih kim thei saam lo hi. Kidop ding ka gen nuam hi. Europe-ah mi thum ciangin mi nih pen mi gilo hi. America gam-ah ni khat-in nau kitolhsak (abortion) pen tul sawmnga val om-a, ni khat-in mi 1000 bang mang den hi. Thong kia lak-ah numei, kum sim-in tam peen den-a, a zom-ah mivom pasalte ahi hi. Gambup-ah million thum (1% of total population) thong sung-ah om uh hi. US-ah pasal sangin numeite gilo zaw hi. Huihpi nungh-te ‘min, numei min bek kizang se se! Mi pawlkhat kam khum kam neel tawh hong hopih hang, a lung sim tawng-ah ngaihsutna tuam peuh nei thei uh hi. Mi khat mi hoih ahih leh hih loh theih ding haksa peuhmah hi. Mite in kamciam kip nawn lo-in, minute nga noptuamna zong zaw uh hi. A piangthak-a, kha tawh kidim a kineihte sang Pasian a um vet lote peuh in thumaan gen zaw-in, midangte thupi ngaihsutna (respect) nei zaw thei hi. Mikang leh mivom kideidanna lian mahmah lai hi. A nei leh a nei lote kideidanna sang mahmah lai hi. Mite in “sal leh to” lungsim nei lai uh hi. Mi gensiatna zong hahkat thei bilbel uh. Mi hon mai-ah thu gen siam na pi-in, inn-ah a zi leh tate, (a pasal leh tate) tung-ah siam zo lo uh hi. Kineihna pen inn sung-ah kizang thei lo hi. Nasep taan

lawh ding baih mahmah hi. Sum, zah-mawh leh min (money, sex, fame) thu mah-ah thusia tam peenpeen hi. Mi thahna baihsak uh hi. $ 1 hangin si ngam uh hi. Kithat ngam uh. Zuau mun tampi luah hi. Biakna mite nangawn kimuang thei lo hi. Mi kuamah muang ke’n. Zomite zong muan’huai nawn lo uh hi. Nu leh pa bang-a muan’ theih ding mi om pha nawn lo hi. Nang leh nang zong kimuang kei in. Muan’ theih ding peuhmah om lo hi. Hun khat ni ciang ka gen nop thu na thei ding uh hi. Nang teekteek in na phuu khak ni ciang na thei ding hi. Thu lang khat leeuleeu-ah, mi hoih mi dik mi muan’ huai a om lua hi. Theih ding haksa. Kituah khak ding mual mong et bang.Khang kilehbulhna thu en dih ni. Nu leh pa-te in ei hong vaak-in, ei’n zong amau i vaak kik thei hi. Zo tate, tute khang-ah tua cih dan hi lo ding hi. Amau leh amau bek kikhual-in, a tate, a tute zong kum 18 a phak nak uh leh inn-ah om nuam nawn lo ding uh hi. Kiim le paam-ah en le’ng tua cih hi khin hi. African- American-te, Korean-American-te, Chinese-American-te, Indian-American-te khang nih khang thum a pha khin-te tua bang-a piang khin ta uh hi. Khat veivei ei pian’ zia tawh i tate gentehna i neih pen maan lo hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, a mun leh a hun kibang lo hi. Mihingte’ lungsim, kha leh pumpi pian’zia kibang nawn lo hi. Rabbi khat in, “Ka tate kei tawh ka kigenteh leh, kei a khial ka hi zaw ding,” ci-hi. Numei kum kua (9) khat in nau nei mawk hi. Pasal neu kum giat khat, numei tawh lum khawm thei mawk hi. Kum li nau pang in a pa, thau tawh kap lum thei hi. Kum 40 sung innkuan-a a om khit ciang n, “Hong ngai nawn ke’ng,” ci-in taisan mawk hi. “Vantung gam na muh nop uh leh ko innkuan hong etteh un,” a ci ngam, Billy Graham-te innkuan bek mah om hi. Satan’ innkuan bel ni sim-in kimu thei hi.

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Mite biak nn zuan nuam nawn lo-in, kimawlna mun, tui kipeekna, car kidemna, sakol kidemna, movie mun, nopna leh gamlumna mun teng-ah mi dim hi. Pasian sang in robot (set lim) peuh kin zaw ta uh hi. Kha thu sangin computer games peuh lunglut zaw. Thu dang khat leeuleeu-ah, nitumna gam mite in nasep hahkat mahmah-in, innkuanpihte bang phawk kha lo liang uh hi. Tua lah hoih kim saam lo zeel hi. Ei zong gamdang i tun’ ciang nasep kikin lua-a, Biakinn kizuan man nawn lo hi. Pasian bia man lo liangin $ zon’ huai ahi hiam? Biakinn zuan tase kei le’ng i nasepna mun-ah / pan Pasian kibia thei lel lo hiam? Pawlpi nei tase kei le’ng bang awlmawh kul hiam? Pasian biakna-ah mimal a om mah bangin mihon zong ki-om hi. Kha (spirituality) nun’taakna bulphuh kik ni. Mi siangthote tawh kiho khawm, kikhawl khawm, an kuang uum khawm, la sa-in thu i kikupna pen Pasian ompih a kilang phadeuh hi. It luat ngaih luat-te tawh ho-lim lehang, bangmah kiphawk man nawn liang lo dong-in nuam hi lo hiam! Biakinn ih zuat manin lawm hoih kinei-a, tate’ aading zong lawm hoih zon’na hi pah hi. Seh-suah i piak loh hang inn lam-te khak peuh leng, kici kha thei hi. Seh-suah pen i kikhopna mun-ah piak hamtang hoih hi. Biakna siate,sum tawh huh thadah kei ni. I kha nun’taak na’ng lampi hong lakte ahi uh hi. Biakna nasep theihna a om naak leh na sep dang nusia-a zuat huai hi. World Wide Web-

ah en le’ng tam mahmah om hi. Ngah zawh mateng hanciam huai hi. Sang-a i sinsa pilnate i zat theih na’ng lim zon’ huai hi. A kipat -in, pawlpi neu, a thahat khol lo tawh kipan kha thei ding hi hang. Pasian in a hun a cin’ ciang hong dom sang veve ding hi. Evangelist nasep bang kisam pha mahmah hi. Ka nun’taak sungin mi bangzah nungzui hoih-in ka bawl hiam? Mi dangte bang tan ka dom to hiam? Khut leh khe ka guan’ zo hiam? Lampi dik ka

tonpih hiam?

Tu hun om dan bang tawh ka genteh ding hiam? Lam-ka bom-a ding mi khat tawh kibang hi. Lam thum leh li, a om ciang koi zaw zuan ding, cih hi. Pawlkhat, “Koi lam sawm?” ci le’ng, “Thei lo” peuh ci uh hi. Pawlkhat in bel “Ka khepi ngatnana.” Tua bang om thei lo hi. Khua-phe-lep khang pen Tupna man’suah khang (purposeless generation) kici hi. Bang mah kin meel lo-a, om pongmawk. Thu ngaihsun meel lo-a an nene pong.

Tu hun-in a sia a pha khen tel ding haksa hi. President Bush in Iraq gal a patna thu en le’ng. Henry Kissinger, Jimmy Carter, Dr. Andrew Sung Park (ka mentor)… mi honkhat in “Thumaan lo, a ki sam lo gal (unjustified war)” ci uh hi. Pawlkhat in, “Tua dan-in hih kei le’ng, Saddam in a mi te thatthat lai ding hi,” ci-uh. Kua maan zaw? Tu zawh kum 15 bang ciang a kitel pan ding hi. Pawlkhat in “America bel ‘van gam’ zah-a nuam,” ci uh. Pawl khat in bel ‘Hell’ gam tawh genteh uh. Kuamah bel van lehhell tung ngei nai saam lo hi hang. Pawlkhat mi dang tawh kikholh nuam sa-in nui zuahzuah uh. Pawlkhat pen om ngeungau uh. Kua dik zaw? Pawlkhat in mite huh nuam-in, tha pia uh hi. Pawlkhat in mite gensia-in, simmawh bawl uh hi. Pawlkhat in mimal leh pawl min thupi sa-a, pawlkhat bel awlmawh nei se lo uh. Guah zu, nuam a sa om, ni tanag, nuam a sa om. Gamtat hoih a hamciam om, mawhna a zongzong lah om. “Khuapihte’ geelna hi mawk in kipan’pih ni,” a ci om. Ko sia hoih zaw, ci-a a kidemdem om, a hoihna a tuam ciat hi e, a ci om. North Korea-te in nuclear bomb nei ta hi. A kiim leh paam-te’ aading bangci? Biakna pen kisimmawh thei lo hi. Kizangh khial baih hi. Mailam-ah thu buai tam tektek ding hi.

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Khua-phe-lep khang-ah zuau mah tam peenpeen hi. Nu leh pa kikheem uh hi. Zi leh pasal kikheem na, siate leh pawlmi kikheemna, van zuak kheemna, nasep hun kheemna, kampau kheemna, gamtat kheem na, na khempeuh, thu khem peuh-ah z-u-a-u zuau bekbek in buplaak hi. Mite in hong kheem zawh loh na’ngin nisim Pasian thu tawh nun’tak ding kisam. Credit card bang na zat ciang na ciamteh kei leh hong kheem pah uh hi. Bank statement lim tak-in en den in. Kum khat-in credit kheemna $ 42 million pha hi. Sangte in mi kheemna mun tam peen hi. Zato siam mite in dam lote kheem uh hi. Kumpite in mipite zuau uh hi. A maan lo pipi-a kiteelna bawl-in makai seem uh hi. Makai siam kimu zo nawn lo hi. Na email-in personal information-te midang khut a tun’ loh ding ki keem siam in. A neite phal loh leh theih loh-in information kipia khong thei lo hi. SS # ki zang nuam nawn lo hi.

Yangon leh Mandalay-ah biakinn thak a lam nuamte (a sawm-te)’ theih huai thu khat ka gen nop om hi. Kum 2015 ciangin Yangon ah mi million 6 pha ta ding-a, innmun logam haksa mahmah ding hi. Gam ki-uk-na zong kikheel dingin tuat le’ng. Innkuante in sum neihna, min neihna, kha neihna, za neihna, deihsakna, thu theihna, thu tuamtuamte a zah tampi-in pung ding-a, mawtaw nei tampi om ding hi. Biakinn pen khuapi sungah lam hun hi nawn lo hi. Khua pua lam, mun taan-zau, parking tampi om theihna ki sam hi. Huihpi leh ziinliing lauhuai deuhdeuh ding ahih manin dawl tampi deih huai lo hi. (New York leh Singapore, Hong Kong-te bel a mun om ngiat lo a hih man-un saang lam ding kisam hi. Yangoon-ah tua bang kisam lo lua hi. Tu-a inn saang kilamte zong show hi lel hi.) Tu-in, bus lampi a om nai kei hang, tua hun ciang hong

om ding hi. Pawlpite in bus service a neih ding uh kisam ding hi. Gam khangtote’ pai dan mah ei gam in zong hong zui thei ding hi. Zuih loh phamawh hi. Tua ding tawh tuat huai hi. Tua lo-in plan gol na hih uh leh no le no a kithal-awk (suicide) na suak kha ding uh ka patau khol hi. Tu-in khua pi sung ih deih hang, zing ciang khua pualam kizuan zaw ding hi. Inn na lam le inn in nang hong lam kik ding hi. A hoihna leh a siatna kikim linlian hi. Inn hoih sungah lungdamna dim om tuan lo-a, kitotna tampi om zawsop hi. Inn sia-ah om kul ding maw? Tua lah hi saam kei e.

Pasian kammal in zin do siamna lim gen peuhmah hi. Zuih ding zong hi saam mah hi. Yangon leh Mandalay-ah Bible’ gen bangin zin do dingin kipan lecin, kum khat-a cin’ ma-in na neih na lam bei siang ding hi. Tua bang ahih mawk leh bang cih ding. Khual sau vei a zin (taam) dingte in inn saap ding zon’ masakna in pilna hi. Sang kah dingte in inn saap zon’ hoih zaw hi. Meeltheih inn pan sang kah hun hi nawn lo. Ni khat ni sawm taam dingte Hotel ah taam huai hi. Innteekte in nang hong vaak na’ng sum val nei tuan lo uh hi. Nang’ vai-a zum kong hong paipih man lo ding uh hi. Mi dang te hun leh sum sup lawh loh na’ng kisam ta hi. Pawlpi kim in zin buuk neih huai hi. Zinte amau leh amau an huan tui lei-in om ding hun hi ta hi. Khua-phe-lep khang-ah dam lo khempeuh Pastor-te in veh kim zo lo ding uh hi. Pawl sung-ah a khawk-a hawm-in, a vaak kilaih kul ding hi. Nopna leh dahna pawi tuamtuamte-ah sum tam pi bei aa bawl ding hun hi nawn lo hi. A veng veng in tavuan lak hun hi ta hi. Mi khempeuh lung kim sak sawm dah in, na kaang tum kha ding hi. Amau van gik amau ciat in pua uh hen. Mi kim in van gik ki nei lua hi. Zin na doo ciang vantung mi ngaih sun in. Zin na hih ciang in Satan (Hell-gam) ngaih sun in. Nang tung

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hong ki bawl ding na ut bang in midangte tung ah bawl in. Nang hong ki bawl bang in midang te khual kik in. A thei lo te hilh cian in itna tawh. Midang te an nek sak kei in. Tui dawn sak kei in. Amau zong ki sam ciat uh hi. Lung sim bup aa bang in hong piang pah hanhan lo hi. A hoih ih theih teng ki sem kim pah thei sam lo.

Khua dak in la, na kiim le paam en dih ve. Mi dang te in nun tak na ding bang ngaih sun uh hiam? Bang na sem uh hiam? Bang pilna zong uh hiam? Lawm hoih bang ci in nei uh hiam? Minam na it leh na sep na tawh lak khia in. Kampi bek bel niin-huai lua ta hi. Zomite in khat le khat ki khual in ki hawh aa, nopna dahna ih ki uap pen man pha in nuam mahmah saam hi. Tua in ih hun neih teng, sum neih teng mang thang khin aa khan toh nang lam pi khak taan liu leu hi. Pastor te in pawlsung na a vek aa sep hun hi nawn lo hi. Makai le nung zui te nasep siam kim nang ki hilh ding ki sam hi. Thei lel in cia, cih pen thei lel khol lo uh hi. A hun ciang hoih lel lo dia cih pen upna hi lo in, tha dah na hi. Kha in hong makai lel in cia ci aa, hun zat ding ki ging khol lo te kha in makai lo aa tha dah na in ma kai in thu um mite gilkial sa in innlam zuan mawk uh hi. Makai te in nisim in laibu hoih ih sim man hiam? Kei sang in makai siam zaw ka ngah zawhmateng, kei sang a pil zaw a om mateng, a hau zaw, a khual zaw cih na lung sim pha ki sam hi lo hiam? Ki man lah lua sak dah in. Na khem peuh in hun nei hi. An nek hun, nasep hun ih neih le thu nget hun, lai hilh hun zong neih den ki sam hi.

Pianna Zogam pianzia tawm suul leng maw. Tu nung kum za lai aa mi hau te in tu ni sum na nei nawn lo uh hi. Thu dot pi te kiang ah mi te hawh nawn lo uh hi. Mi min thang te khut-maa tam ki dawk nawn lo hi. Thu gil tampi te ki ciam teh kha lo hi. Thu-man pawl khat ki-im-sim lai hi. Khua-phe-lep khang ah

nuntak hun tom peuh mah hi. Up mawh sang in ki teek baih zaw, tha tual baih zaw hi. Kum za bang a dam ding in ki tuat leng, tu ni aa na tha tang zat, na khuak zat, na lung tang zat nate ah ki dawm siam in. Pumpi, lungsim, kha le tha nam cin gim luat pen sau vei ki khom lo hi. Nupa om khopna sau vei na khom ding hiam? Sum zat khom ding na nei hiam? Pilna zat khom ding na nei hiam? Nuntak na sau vein a khom ding hiam? Na khuak khua-phe-lep a bang hiam? Khang thak te tawh na ton-khawm thei hiam?

Pil na sang pen B.A; B.Sc te ban ah Ph. D a ngah zomi a sawm thum (India gam aa te zong ki hel) aa sim om ta hi. Tua hun aa mite sang in tu hun ciang thu thuuk thei mipil tam zaw hi. Ih muanhuai zaw maw leh? Khua-phe-lep khang ah, kua in gen hiam? Kua theih hiam? Kua neih sa hiam cih te thu pii nawn lo hi. Kua beh kua phung thu pi nawn lo hi. Kua pau kua ham thu pi nawn lo hi. A ki zang thei hiam, phat tuam na bang, nuntak na om maw, om lo, cih thu pi ki sa bek hi. Mel hoih, mel sia, pil le mawl, cih thu pi lo hi. Bang gam teng pai ngei, bang teng thei cih thu pii nawn lo aa, tu ni in bang thu pha bawl cih ki za nuam bek hi. Mei sau neih thu pi lo aa, khut buan bang ngam thu pi zaw. Kam zol kam nel ki sam lo aa, lungsim ciim le lung duai na ki sam hi. Pawlpi ki dei dan na ki sam lo in bang sem khawm thei ding cih hi zaw. Gam dang pai a hoih zah in inn om na man pha zaw lai. Hauhna taktak gam dang ah om lo in, inn ah om zaw hi. Leitung bup aa a hau taktak gam pen eigam hi zaw hi. Gam aisa le inn ai sa a thau hun ki bang.

Hun te bei han han aa eite lah ih ki lam dang mel kei aa! Hun te bei han han aa, ih ngaih sut na te lah piang thei lo in awk keei-kaai lai ee. Hun te bei han han aa, ih lam et na te lah tang tung thei lo hi. Hun te bei han han

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aa, Pasian hoihna ki mu thei sem sem hi. Hun te bei han han aa, na sep ding lah tam sem sem hi. Hun te bei han han aa, lung dam na thu kua teng in taang ko ko uh hiam! Hun te bei han han aa ….

Ka lung dam hi.

Contact:

Tung Za Pau, tungzapau at juno.com,

937-837-2104. Dayton, Ohio.

Rev. Tung Za Pau pen United

Theological Seminary ah Doctor of Missiology sin aa, “Quantum Urban Mission” research a bawl lai tak a hi hi. Pastor Don Ngaih Lian tawh innkuan hi aa, tanu khat le tapa khat nei uh hi. West Ohio Conference ah Pastor a sep zawh kum nga le a lang pha khin hi.

[Hih lai pen, 25 JUL 06 MON ni-in kingah

masa hi. A mangcipte lak-ah kihel ahih

manin, 04 NOV 06 SAT ni-in hong khak

leeuleeu hi.]

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“Zomi” cih tawh kisai

Tg. Hang Khan Lian

Zomi cih kammal i zaak khaak naak leh i lungsim sung-ah, lungkim mahmahnakhat nei ciat dingin ka lamen hi.

A diakdiakin Zomi cih kammal a deihdeuhte in banghangin deih phadiak i hi hiam cih leh, leitung minam tampi lak-ah i min,i puam a it phadiak minam khat i hih man ahi hi. I kilawhna minte zong mawk phuah lo-in, a min neipa, amin neinu ii khan’ sung a sep a bawl, a nun’taak zia, a gualzawh, a lungleen’, a khuangaih, a nop, a dahna khempeuh huam

kim ding, ngaihsunsun-in kammal mal nih mal thum tawh kicingsak ahih manin i minte in khiatna nei-in ngaih thei mahmah pah hi. Tua mah bangin, min ahih naak leh i it, i deih phadiak-a, i min lo khat-in ong kisam kha leh, min sel, min mangsak ci-in ih deih het kei hi. I neu lai-a gual lelh man-a ong kikhel sapnate i gol khit dong i mangngilh zo het loh lam a thuak khate’n i thei lai dinghi.

Hih tungtawn-in i ngaihsut mahmah ding khat om dingin ka um hi.

[Hih lai, 29 MAY 05 SUN ni-in, kingah hi.]

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FZI Cup

Tg. Ongpu

Leitung bup in America (USA) ci ta liang-a a gengenna mun ahi USA gam-ah tu ni dongciang ei Zomite nisim-in hong tung ziahziah ahih manin Topa’min i phat masa hi. Tua hi-in ei Tedim kampau Zomi a tam zaw pen US gam Florida state a nuailam tengah ki-om-in nisimin Japanese Sushi a kici Japan an hual-in na kiseem-in nun’taakna sum zon’nadingin a hoih mahmah khat Zomite’ aadingin hong suak hi.

Tua ciangin nasepna pen kum khatin thumvei bek kikhak-in kimuh den ding zong a hong

haksa leeuleeu suak hi mai hi. Ahih hangin kha khat-in khat vei cih bang leh kum khat sungin ni khat nuam takin an kine khawm den hi. Kum 2002 nunglam ciangin hih South Florida sungah Zomi mimal-in 200 vaal ta bang kipha den ta-in, hong nuam mahmah ta-in Khamtung gam bang a kimangngilh dekdek ta pianpian hi.

Tua hi-in-ah kum khat sung-in Thinksgiving ni a hong tun’ sim-in makai ding kiteelna om den-in veng kihawm-in veng 4 bang kipha ta ahih ciangin khangnote’n zong a vengveng-un

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Bawlung (soccer) kidemna kum 2002 Thinksgiving ni pan kipanin tu dongciang, tua bekmah a hong tun’ ding kingaklah mahmah tek-in ki-om den ta hi. Tua ciangin, FZI cup pen a khatna a ngah ngei veng teng, hih nuai-a bang hi.

F Z I cup since 2002:

(1) PalmBeach veng (0)(2) Fortlauderdale veng (2002)(3) Miami veng (0)(4) Kendall veng (2003) to (2004)

cih bang himawk-in tu kum (2005) zong Kendall vengte mah kimuang mahmah uh hih tuak-in veng dang teng bel a patau mahmah uh ahi hi. Kendall veng bel veng khempeuh lakah a mimal-in ka tawm peen uh hang-un a kithutuak peen leh a gualnuam peenpeen veng kihi-in Pasian in zong a ki-it a kithutuakte mah ama’ mai leh mite’ mai-ah pahtawina pia hi, ci-in ka gen nopna a bulpi tua hi zaw hi.

Tua ahih manin tua Thinksgiving ni a hong tun’ ding a kuamah peuh in kingaklah-in tu kum mahmah zong kum dangte sangin nasia tak leh thupizaw takin kibawl zawlai ding hi. Tua ahih ciangin state tuamtuam panin zong Zomi honkhat mah hong pai-in nopci mahmah ding cih kilamen seemseem hi. Hih bang teng hangin khat leh khat ki-itna om seemseem-in khan’tohna leh ki-itnate mang ngei loding hi cih ka gen nopna hi-in gen khialhnate a om leh zong hong maisak zaw unla Zomite mahmah i omna ciatah i biak i Pasian in cidam ludamin hong keem den ta hen, cih teng tawh, Topa’thupha, Amen.

OngpuKendall Veng,lungdam hi sanggam aw!

[Hih lai pen Tg. Neng Khan Pau in hong

khak hi-a, hong khak ni, kimu zo pak lo hi.

2005 April leh July kikaal pawl hi kha ding

hi.]

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Burmese Democracy

A paper presented to Junior High School Class, Alhambra, CA

Lia Dim San

Dec. 17, 2004

Many countries around the world have fought long and hard for democracy and Burma is one of those countries. Everyone wants some sort of democracy, or freedom. Many countries that have fought for democracy now have it but Burma does not. Burma probably forgot how it felt like to have the freedom to do things without the absolute control of the government. Many people don’t know the country’s struggle or haven’t heard of Burma; and I think that it’s time for people to know.

Burma is a country that lies in Southeast Asia. It is about the size of Texas and has in it eight cities whose populations are over 100,000. Burma has seven states which are Rakhine, Chin (Zomi), Kachin, Shan, Kayin and Mon. The Burmese are descendants of the Mons, the Pyus, and the Burmans. The first Burmese Empire lasted from AD 1044 to AD 1257, under the rule of Anawrahta, who led for 33 years. In 1287, Kublai Khan ruled, which disunited Burma. The Second Burmese Empire lasted from 1551 to 1752. The third Burmese Empire lasted from 1752 to 1885. In 1886, the British had made Burma a British colony.

On January 4, 1948, Burma won its independence from the British and Japanese. General Aung San led the fight fro independence. The Chinese had settled into Burma by 1950’s. Burma feared that China would attack and that Burma would have to

face extinction, especially since the US supported the Chinese at the time. Because of this, Burma’s government strengthened its military. “By the last 1950’s, the military was unofficially running the country” (Callahan).

The last democratically elected government was in abolished in 1962, and the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) came to ower. Now, Burma is a military dictatorship. Burma has been said to have the “longest military regime in modern history” (Callahan). The largest political party is the National League for Democracy (NLD), led by Aung San Suu Kyi, General Aung San’s daughter. Many political upheavals in July, August, and September of 1988 resulted in a coup d’etat, in which thousands of unarmed protesters were killed. The reasons for these upheavals were because of “economic mismanagement, a prolonged insurgency problem, and a heavy foreign debt” (Yin).

The State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) took over . In 1989, Burma was renamed the Union of Myanmar, and its capital from Rangoon to Yangon. In 1990, an election was held. The NLD got 82% of the votes but the SLORC, which was renamed State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), in 1997, has yet to recognize it.

A report has found that as of late 2003, about

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1,700 political prisoners have been put in to Burmese jails. On May 30, 2003, the SPDC attacked NLD supporters, killed and injured civilians, and arrested activists such Aung San Suu Kyi. The NLD is continually being monitored and harassed or arrested. In 2003, the House of Representatives passed a bill called the “Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003.” It supports Burma’s fight for democracy and the NLD, and sanctions the ruling military government, and others.

Burma has been named one of the world’s least developed countries. Its people are violated constantly, which includes forced labor, rape, mass arrests, torture, etc. Burma has had half million deaths in just 50 years. Burmese people have been denied freedom of assembly, association, expression, and religion. Anyone that publicly supports any form of democracy can have a 20-year long prison sentence. The government must censor everything before it goes on air, newspaper, etc. Many companies in the US, Europe, and other countries have agreed to not trade with Burma because of the forced labor.

The military have invaded places of religion such as monasteries. They have removed Buddhist leaders who support human rights and democracy. Muslims in Burma are targets for any attacks, too. A quarter million left for Bangladesh in 1989, and about 25,000 more in 1997. They escaped during a big army offensive. Soldiers have destroyed Christian churches and nationwide church activities are not allowed.

Three out of ten children never started school and are malnourished. The government spends 11% on education and 2% on health care, while it spends 222% on military spending. Burma’s main profits come from a heroin industry.

Burma has seen democracy only for a short time. I think that it is not right that this country should be stripped of it. Before the military took over, Burma was a rich country. But the military’s selfish ambitions have turned Burma into a mess. I think people should continue to fight for Burma’s democracy and independence, for without democracy, how can we have independence? Being free is what the US is about; why can’t Burma have the same? Democracy is something a lot of people have taken for granted but a country like Burma hasn’t even experienced it.

Works Cited

Yin, Myat Saw, Culture of the World: Burma, Singapore: Kim Hup Lee Printing Co. PTe. Ltd, 1990.http://www.theorator.com/bills108/hr.2330.htmlhttp://www.cfob.orghttp://www.State.gov/g/drl/rls/10971.htmhttp://www.burmacampaign.org.uk/aboutBurmahttp://www.artsci.wahsington.edu/newsletter/Summer02/Burma.htm

[This article was received on 14 JUN 05

TUE]

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Florida Zomite’ Thu Ciaptehna (1998-2005)

Florida Zomi Almanac (1998-2005)

Rev. Tg. Vungh En Thang

Kum 1988 hun lai-a kipanin, Kawlgam ki-ukna tawmkhat hong kikheel-in, kumpi in Kawlgam mite a ut uh leh gamdang-ah pai theihna phalna nakpi-in hong piakhia uh hi. Zomite in zong nun’taakna a nuam zaw muh theih nadingin, koi gam-ah ka pai ding hiam, bang na ka seem ding hiam, ci-in, nasia tak-in, hong lungngai hong khuadakkhia uh hi. Tua bang-a, gamdang mun tuamtuam-a, a paikhia Zomi tampite Florida (USA)-ah hong tung hong kibu-sa uh-a, a tung masa peente 1998 kum in, tung uh-a, tu-in, mimal 200 val pha ta uh hi. Amaute’ om dan khawl dan, nopna, dahna, nun’taakdan , nasep silbawl dan, thu tuamtuam tampi theih huai, ciamteh huai, ciin’ huai, puahphat huai tampite, a nuai-a bangin, ciaptehna i bawl hi.

I. Florida-ah a tung masa peente leh Sushi nasep a seem masa peente:

1. Florida a tung masa peenpeen: Tg. Do Kap Pau. (1998).2. Florida-ah Sushi nasep a seem masa peenpeen: Tg. Gin Sian Pau leh Tg. Pum Za Khai-te ahi uh hi. (1998).

II. Florida-ah Innkuan kim leh Nupa kop-a a om te:

01. Tg. Zam Khan Kam-te Innkuan 02. Tg, Vungh Pian Siing-te Innkuan3.03 Pastor Tg. Tuang Khan Nang-te Innkuan04. Tg. Kam Sian Lian-te Nupa

05. Tg. Peter Pau En-te Nupa06. Tg. Neng Khan Pau-te Innkuan07. Tg. Kham Kap Hang-te Nupa08. Tg. Sian Ngen Kam-te Innkuan09. Tg. Thang Suan Mang-te Innkuan10. Tg. Kham Khup Pau-te Innkuan11. Tg. Lian Khan Mung-te Nupa12. Tg.Kap Khua Vel Sang-te Nupa 13. Tg.Pau Sian Lian-te Innkuan14. Tg. Hang Lian Kham-te Nupa15. Pastor Tg. Eddie Ngin Hang-te Innkuan16. Rev. Tg. Thawng Lian Khup-te Innkuan17.Rev. Tg. Vungh En Thang-te Innkuan18.Tg. Suan Khan Mung-te Nupa19. Tg. Gin Za Pau-te Innkuan20. Tg. Lian Thawn Thang-te Innkuan 21. Tg. Lian Suan Nang-te Innkuan22. Tg. Alex Thang Khen Mung-te Innkuan23. Tg. Thang Khaw Khai-te Nupa24. Rev. Tg. Go Khan Pau-te Innkuan25. Tg. Tuan Za Cin-te Innkuan26. Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau-te Innkuan27. Tg. Nang Lian Dal-te Innkuan28. Pastor Tg. Kham Do Thang-te Innkuan29. Tg. Pa Kai Hen Thang-te Innkuan30. Tg. Gin Lam Khup-te Nupa31.Tg. Zam Sawn Pau-te Innkuan32. Tg. Do Kap Pau-te Innkuan33. Pa Gin-te Innkuan34. Tg. Thang Khan Dal-te Innkuan35. Tg. Thang Sian Tuang-te Nupa36. Tg. Kim Khua Suan-te Innkuan37. Tg. Vum Za Cin-te Nupa38. Tg.Tuan Suan Khai te Innkuan

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39. Dr. Tg. Pau Khen Mung-te Innkuan40. Tg. Thawng Cin Pau-te Nupa41. Tg. Langh Suan Mung-te Nupa

III. Florida-ah Inn leh Lo, Mun le Mual nei-a a omte:

01. Tg. Zam Za Lian-te02. Tg. Kam Sian Lian-te03. Pastor Tg. Tuang Khan Nang-te04. Tg. Neng Khan Pau-te05. Tg. Kham Kap Hang-te06. Tg. Sian Ngen Kam-te07. Tg. Thang Suan Mang-te08. Tg. Lian Khan Mung-te09. Tg. Pau Sian Lian-te10. Tg. Hang Lian Kham te11. Rev. Tg. Thawng Lian Khup-te12. Tg. Do Suan Mung13. Rev. Tg. Vungh En Thang-te14. Tg. Gin Za Mung-te15. Tg. Alex Thang Khen Mung-te16. Tg. Thang Khaw Khai-te 17. Tg. Gin Lam Khup-te18. Tg. Zam Sawn Pau-te19. Lia Sanda Suan-te20. Tg. Thang Khan Dal-te21. Tg. Kim Khua Suan-te22. Tg. Vum Za Cin -e23. Sanda Suan te24. Tg. Pau Khan Pian-te

IV. Kipawlna, Biakna Pawlpite leh Makai Siate:

A. Minam kipawl na:

“Florida Zomi Innkuan” kipawlna pen Zomi a om khempeuhte’ kipawl khawmna minam kipawlna ahi hi. Member Fees leh Monthly Fees kipia-in, nopna dahna haksatna khempeuh-ah hih kipawlna in ahih theih zahin,

thu vaan hi. Kumpi e ciaptehna zong la khin-in, minam aadingin kip tak-a, a ding khin ahi hi.

1. President a seem ngeite:1). Tg. Zam Sawn Pau2). Tg. Pum Za Khai3). Rev. Tg. Thawng Lian Khup4). Rev. Tg. Vungh En Thang5). Tg. Gin Za Pau

2. General Secretary a seem ngeite:1). Tg. Pau Sian Lian2). Tg. Thang Do Hang3). Tg. Kam Sian Lian

3. Sumkeem a seem ngeite:1). Rev. Tg. Vungh En Thang2). Tg. Zam Sawn Pau3). Tg. Fredy Langh Suan Mung4). Tg. Pau Sian Lian5). Tg. Zam Khan Kam

B. Biakna lam:

1. Zomi Christian Fellowship (ZCF): 2000 kum-in, kiphuan-a, kizom zo lo ahih manin, 2001 kum bul lam-in bei kik hi.

2. Zomi Baptist Church: 2001 kum-in, kiphuan hi.1). Pastor Tg. Eddie Ngin Hang2). Rev. Tg. Tun Cin Kap3). Pastor Tg. Tuang Khan Nang

3. Burmese AG Church: 2003 kum-in, kiphuan hi.1). Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau

4. Myanmar Christian Church: 2003 kum-in, kiphuan hi.1). Rev. Tg. Thawng Lian Khup

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2). Pastor Tg. Thang Khan Mang

5. Myanmar Mission Church: 2003 kum-in, kiphuan hi.1). Pastor Tg. Kham Do Thang2). Youth Pastor Tg. Kham Kap Hang

V. Nopna Dahnate:

A. Maban-tun’ Gualzawhna tawh Nopnate:

1. Dr. Tg. Pau Khen Mung in: D. Min. hong ngah hi.2. Dr. Tg. Zam Khan Thang in: Ph. D. hong ngah hi.3. Dr. Tg. Zam Sian Mang in: D. Min. hong ngah hi. 4. Lia Zen San Kim in: M.A. (Medical Assistant) hong ngah hi.5. Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau in: Ordination hong ngah hi.

B. Lia leh Taang ki-it, ki-ngai-a, pumkhat suahna tawh Nopnate:

1. Lia Niing Lam Man leh Tg. Sian Ngen Kam: November 25, 19992. Lia Thang Deih Huai leh Tg. Zam Sawn Pau: August 15, 20003. Lia Do Lam Niang leh Tg. Kam Sian Lian: July 21, 20004. Lia Dim Khan Lun leh Tg. Thang Suan Mang: February 13, 20015. Lia Zen San Kim leh Tg. Gin Za Pau: July 15, 20016. Lia Ngai Lun Mang leh Tg. Vungh Pian Siing; July 30, 20027. Lia Don Go Cing leh Tg. Kham Do Thang: August 16, 20018. Lia Don Lam Cing leh Tg. Suan Khan Mung: May 6, 2002 10. Lia Luan Go Man leh Tg. Gin Lam Khup:

April 4, 200011. Lia Cing Sian Zo leh Tg. Lian Khan Khual: April 20, 200412. Lia Ciin Deih Cing leh Tg. Zam Za Lian: March 3, 200513. Lia Marites Hang leh Tg. Kham Kap Hang: December 6, 200414. Lia Don Ngaih Dim leh Tg. Lian Thawn Thang: October, 200415. Lia Vung Sian Mang leh Tg. Mang Kap Suum: September, 200416. Lia Pau Ngaih Hau leh Tg. Lian Khan Mung: January 11, 200317. Lia Cing Sian Ngai leh Tg. Kap Khaw Vel Saang: April 24, 200418. Lia Gin Khawl Cing leh Tg. Tun Cin Kap: May 4, 200120. Lia Mang San Lun leh Tg.. William Aung Ko Ko Soe:November, 200421. Lia April Chit Khin leh Tg. Kham Go Pau: April, 200422. Lia Cing Zen Vung leh Tg. Langh Suan Mung: August 2005

C. Florida-ah a suak Zo Vontawi Maithakte: (Min, Suah ni leh Nu leh Pa)

1. Lia Cing Lun Huai; October 8, 2003; Pa Tg. Zam Khan Kam/Nu Lia Man Khan Ciin 2. Lia Man Za Lun; June 30, 2003; Pa Tg. Vung Pian Siing/Nu Lia Ngai Lun Mang3. Lia Man Sian Huai; August 17, 2000; Pa Tg. Sian Ngen Kam/Nu Lia Niing Lam Man4. Lia Ciin Hau Cing; December 18, 2002-same5. Tg. Hang Lian Khai; June 7, 2004-same06. Lia Cing Tawi Lun; November 10, 2002; Pa Tg. Neng Khan Pau/Nu Lia Saw Myat Aye07. Tg. Zam Muan Sang; December 20, 2004-same-08. Tg. Tuang Sian Muang; February 17, 2002; Pa Tg. Thang Suan Mang/Nu Lia

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DimKhan Lun09. Lia Man Siam Lun; December 12, 2003; Pa Tg. Pau Sian Lian/Nu Lia Man Sian Mang10. Tg. Dal Sian Muang Gual Nam; November 16, 2004-same-11. Tg. Siam Sian Thawng; January 20, 2005; Pa Tg. Gin Za Pau/Nu Lia Zen San Kim12. Lia Pau San Muan; April 23, 2001; Pa Tg. Thang Khen Mung/Nu LianHau Lian Vung13. Lia Niang Khan Cing Thang; August 10, 2002; Pastor Tg. Kham Do Thang/Nu Lia Don Go Cing14. Tg. Ngin Sian Lian; July 28, 2002; Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau/Nu Lia Ciin Lian Man15. Lia Niang Sian Huai Kim; July 30, 2002; Pa Tg. Zam Sawn Pau/Nu Lia Thang Deih Huai16. Lia Cing Sian Hoih; May 17, 2005-same-17. Tg. Thang Sian Muan Sang; March 30, 2005; Dr. Tg. Pau Khen Mung/Nu Lia Dim Khan Man

D. A sawtlo-a, Zovontawi Maithak a tawiding Zomi nu le pate:1. Tg. Kham Khup Pau leh LiaVung Khen Niang2. Tg. Aung Ko Ko Soe leh Lia Mang San Lun3. Tg.Lian Suan Nang le Lia Niang Hau Lun4. Tg. Lian Thawn Thang leh Lia Don Ngaih Dim5. Rev. Tg. Do Sian Pau leh Lia Ciin Lian Man6. Tg. Gin Lam Khup leh Lia Lian Go Man E. Florida Zomite’ neih ngei Mawtaw nam tuamtuam te: 01. Land Rover02. BMW03. Lexus (RX300)04. Honda (CRV)05. Honda Pilot

06. Honda Accord07. Toyota Corolla08. Toyota 4 Runner09. Toyota Sequdia10. Toyota Camry11. Toyota Rav 412. Toyota Tacoma13. Toyota (Van)14. Isuzu Rodeo15. Nissan Maxima16. Nissan Xterra17. Nissan Frontier18. Nissan Path Finder19. Ford Ranger20. Saturn21. KIA22. Hyundai23. Mazda24. Suziki25. Ford Focus26. Ford Mustang27. Dodge (Caravan)28. Mitsubishi (Montero)29. Mitsubishi Outlander30. Old Mobile31. Plymouth Breeze Expresso32. Acura Legend

etc.

F. Florida Zomi Siamsinte (2005):

1. Tg. Neng Khan Pau (Mechanical Engineering)2. Tg. Cing Ngaih Lian (Veterinary Science?)3. Tg. Thang Suan Mang (Automotive Technology)4. Tg. Thawng Thawn Aung (Psychology?)5. Lia Julia Don Saan Cing (Business Management Information System) 6. Tg. Pum Go Mang (Automotive Technology)

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7. Tg. Pau Za Dot (Automotive Technology)8. Lia Niang Hawm Cing (Registered Nursing)9. Tg. Cin Sian Mang (Electronic Engineering)10. Tg. Zam Lian Dal (Network and Security Management)11. Pastor Tg. Kham Do Thang (D. Min.) 12. Lia Gin Nuam Cing (Pharmacy)13. Tg. Mung Cin Tuang (Mechanical Engineering?)14. Tg. Cin Sian Khai (Electronic Engineering)15. Tg. Kai Za Thawng (Medical?)16. Pa Sian Ngen Kam (M.T.S.)17. Rev. Tun Cin Kap (Ph. D.)

( ? = Basic Study-ah omlai)

G. Florida-a a om Zomi American-te:

01. Pastor Tg. Eddie Ngin Hang02. Lia Dim Khawl03. Tg. Suang Khan Cin04. Tg. Pau Sian Khai05. Tg. Sian Ngen Khan Siing06. Tg. Cing Ngaih Lian07. Lia Ngai Lun Mang08. Lia Dim Khan Lun09. Tg. Gin Za Mung10. Lia Niing Lam Man11. Rev. Tg. Tun Cin Kap12. Tg. Alex Thang Khen Mung13. Tg. Zam Lian Dal14. Florida -ah a suak Zovontwi maithak khempeuh.

H. Gamdang pan Florida-ah hong hawh a pahtawi huai leenglate:

01. Rev. Tg. Dam Suan Mung-te Innkuan02. Rev. Dr. Tg. Simon Pau Khan En-te Nupa03. Rev. Tg. Suan Za Pau04. Dr. Tg. Dal Lian-te Nupa (India)

05. Rev. Tg. Ngul Khan Pau (India)06. Pi Lia Luan Za Cing07. Rev. Tg. Thang Za Pau08. Rev. Dr. Tg. Gin Khan Khual (England)09. Dr. Lia Cing Zam Ciin (London)10. Dr. Tg. Pau Khan Mung (London)11. Maj. Tg. S. Khup Cin Pau-te Nupa (Singapore)

I. Dahnate:

1. Florida pan Zogam/Innlam-ah hong ciah sante:1). Tg. Gin Deih Sian (Kawlgam-ah)2). Rev. Tg. Go Lian Thang (Zogam-ah)3). Tg. Neng Ngaih Lian (Zogam/India-ah)

2. Florida-ah Zomite kikhuaina tu ciangciang om nai lo hi.

3. Innlam mun tuamtuam pan-in dahna thu a kizaak ciangin, nasia takin, kihehneem-in, kitutpihin, ki-uap hi.

4. Dah huaina khat ahi mawtaw accident-na pen Florida-a om Zomi khempeuh in, tuak kha ngei kim ciat uh hi.

5. Nasepna lam pan supna baaina tuamtuamte zong a tuak kha ngei tampi om khin hi.

J. Pawibawlna Tuamtuamte:

Kum Thak Dawnna (December 31 nitaak pan January 1 dong).

Zomi Nam Ni (February 20).

Easter Sunday

Air and Sea Show ( Last week-end in April): US Navy and Air Force.

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Zomi Khuado Pawi (October Third Week, Friday)

Thanksgiving Day (November Last Week, Thursday): Florida Zomi Innkuan Kiteel na; Bawlung suih kidem na ki nei hi.

Christmas (December 24 night or 25)

Combined Service (Khasim third week Friday)Pawlpi tuamtuamte-in, amau’ pawlpi tawh kisai pawi leh ni thupite nei kim tek den uh hi.

[Hih lai, 24 JUL 05 SUN ni-in kingah hi.

Magazine a kisuahsak zawh ma sung teng, a

hun a hun-in, a ki-update toto ahi hi. Ahi

zongin, tua a ki-update-sa teng mangthang

ahih manin, a ki-update lo, a kigelh ciil peen

mah, hong kisuaksak hi.]

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The first Zomi Hip Hop the world has ever sung!

What’s Up, Zomi?

Tg. Thang Do Hang

What's up, Bro? What's up, buddy? What's up, man? What's up, ZOMI?Come on, man.Let's have a merry-making, for today we have the unity on the land of the Rhododendron, Bouquets of cherry, orchids, we can give you for your kids.From the land of the Rhododendron, Different birds are singing songs,sweetly in the forest along,on the land of the Rhododendron.

Zomite kithutuak thei lo, amau’ mawhna hi lo, a pi' pat, a no' pat, ei mau’ pat,Sa khi a pi san, a no san, Aisa a pi phei pai, a no phei pai, Gal lianpi khat a neih loh man hi zaw, Gal lianpi khat nei leh ong kithutuak na ve, Aakno ciauliau kaw pai ding? Nu' phu la ding Pa' phu la ding, sangak' dai tuan paai ding, (Hah cih ciaih! Na takpi lah ka sa-a!) Ci dih oh! Ci lai dih oh, Come on.

Tu laitak a neih uh gal in, ZAWN’NA GAL.Pawlkhat in sushi tawh do, (Do) Pawlkhat in pulpit pan do, (Do)Pawlkhat in kham theih tawh do,( Do)Pawlkhat in guih theih tawh zo, (Zo)Khuado-a do, (Do)Gal do-a do, (Do)Zin do-a do, (Do)Ton’ zo-a zo, (Zo),

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Khuado lah do,Gal do lah do,Zin do lah do,Do lah do,Zu nu wat nam se!Come on! Ci dih o, Ci lai dih o!

A gam leh a dikna a zong uh-a, Zo gam leh Zo lei a nusia ve vua leh,Zo gam leh Zo lei a it uh -a, A mi leh a nam a it kei ve vua leh,A mi leh a nam a it uh -a, A khua leh a tui a it kei ve vua leh,A khua leh a tui a it uh-a, A beh leh a phung a it kei ve vua leh,A beh leh a phung a it uh-a, A innkuanpihte a it kei ve vua leh,A innkuan pih te a it uh-a, Ama’ pumpi a it kei ve vua leh,Ama’ pumpi a it uh-a, ama’ pumpi a it bangin a lawmte a it kei ve vua leh,Zu nu wat nam se? zu nu watna min? (ya ya ya, come on, ci dih o)

Nang’ cih, kei’n ci lo,Kei’cih, nang’n ci lo,Nang’ cih, kei’n ka cih ke’h,Kei’ cih, nang’n na cih ke’h, (Khawk ngeel ve)Kei’ cih, nang’n na cih ke’h,Nang’ cih, kei’n ka cih ke’h (Khawk ngeel ve)Na cih, ka cih ke’h, Ka cih, na cih ke’h, (Khawk ngeel ve)Ka cih, na cih ke’h,Na cih, ka cih ke’h (Khawk ngeel ve)Come on, Zomi (Khawk ngeel ve) What's up, ZOMI? (Khawk ngeel ve)Wat sap, wat sap?

Phuak/sa by Hangpi, Go, Mungpi, Gen SingMiami, Florida (USA)October 22, 2004 FZI Khuado Pawi.

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Solicitation of Articles for the Next Issue

The Editor

1. A new issue will be pubslished in 2007, if possible.

2. All are invited to submit articles, as attachments, toZomiMagazine@gmail.comZoPhualVa@gmail.com

3. REQUIREMENTS:

A. LANGUAGE:

(1) Zolai, or (2) English

B. LENGTH:

I. Number of Words:

(i) Minimum: a few words (ii) Maximum: about 6,000 words

[OR]

II. Number of Pages:

(i) Minimum: about one tenth of one page (ii) Maximum: about 12 pages, if you use the following:

(a) Paper Size: (aa) US Letter (Width 8.5" x Height 11")

[or]

(bb) International A4 (Width 210 mm x Height 297 mm = 8.27" x 11.69")(b) Margin: 1" each from left, right, top and bottom (c) Word Processor: Microsoft Word 2003 or Corel WordPerfect 12 or

OpenOffice.org 2.0 or any other good word processor (d) Font: Times New Roman (e) Font Size: 12 points (f) Character Spacing: Normal (neither Expanded nor Condensed)

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(g) Word Spacing: 1 space between adjacent words (h) Line Spacing: Single-spaced (i) Paragraph Spacing: Either Single-spaced or Double-spaced between paragraphs,

preferably double-spaced

C. SUBJECT CATEGORIES:

Novels, Cartoons, News Stories, Academic Papers, Popular Papers, Articles on Zo, Zomi, Zogam, culture, literature, ethnicity, sociology, anthropology, economy, history, genealogy, religion, health, education, et cetera ad infinitum, as long as they are beneficial to our people.

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Pau Cin Hau and The Characteristics of an Old

Testament Prophet [in Brief]

Tg. Pau Cin Thang

[Old Testament Prophets assignment, 1975] The Characteristics of an Old Testament Prophet 1. A prophet is one who foretells.2. A prophet is one who forth-tells (tells forth) messages from God.3. A prophet is compelled (constrained) by God.4. A prophet is controlled (restrained) by God.5. A prophet works miracles.6. A prophet heals (God heals through a prophet).7. A prophet sees (visions).8. A prophet hears (auditions). Pau Cin Hau: More Than An Old Testament Prophet 1. Pau Cin Hau foretold.2. Pau Cin Hau forthtold.3. Pau Cin Hau was compelled (forced) by Pasian.4. Pau Cin Hau was controlled by Pasian.5. Pau Cin Hau wrought miracles.6. Pau Cin Hau healed (Pasian healed sick people through Pau Cin Hau)7. Pau Cin Hau saw.8. Pau Cin Hau heard. and 9. Pau Cin Hau created writing.

[Written in 1975; written again on 19 AUG 06 FRI]

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Laipian Hierarchy

Tg. Pau Cin Thang

1. Laipian (Script Creator)

“Laipian” is a unique position held by Pu Tg. Pau Cin Hau, not to be taken up by any other person.

2. Laimang (Script King; Professor)

“Laimang” is the second highest rank in the Laipian hierarchy, but the highest rank one can hold, because “Laipian” cannot be held by any other person than Pu Tg. Pau Cin Hau himself.

Only one person can hold this Laimang position at a time. He is the vicarious leader of the Laipian Religion.

Pu Tg. Lian Vungh (Mualbeem), second son of Pu Tg. Pau Cin Hau, held that position. I do not know who the present Laimang is.

3. Laito (Script Lord; Script Master)

This is the third ranking position, held by Pu Tg. Vum Khaw Thang (Lailui), a contemporary of Pu Tg. Pau Cin Hau (actually one of his brothers), and later left vacant after his death.

Recently Pu Tg. Ngin Suanh (Suangpi), who was a very faithful and diligent Lai-at for many years, was promoted to this office.

There is only one Laito at present, although I assume that there can be more than one.

4. Lai-at (Script Writer)

The fourth ranking position, it was held by Pu Tg. Ngin Suanh for many years. I do not know whether somebody else was appointed to this post after he was promoted to Laito.

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5. Khawk Laisang (Circuit Script Receiver)

A position created later for practical purposes, Khawk Laisang is one who supervises several Laisangs in his jurisdiction.

6. Laisang (Script Receiver; Pastor)

This is the lowest rank in the hierarchy. A Laisang leads a local congregation, called Sang (School), in a village, or a ward (in a town).

[This note was written on 19 AUG 06 FRI, and corrected on 23 AUG 06 TUE]

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Place for Taking NOTES

on articles of this magazine

Page Particulars

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