VAGLIOVAGLIOVAGLIOVAGLIO

Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common “Common Man”?Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?3 White male suffrage increasedWhite male suffrage increased

3 Party nominating committees.Party nominating committees.

3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.Presidential electors.

3 Spoils system.Spoils system.

3 Rise of Third Parties.Rise of Third Parties.

3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)floats, etc.)

3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:election:

Dem-Reps Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Natl. Reps.(1828) WhigsWhigs (1832) (1832) Republicans (1854) Republicans (1854)

Democrats (1828)Democrats (1828)

Jackson’s First Jackson’s First Hermitage Hermitage ResidenceResidence

Jackson’s First Jackson’s First Hermitage Hermitage ResidenceResidence

First Known First Known Painting Painting

of Jackson, 1815of Jackson, 1815

First Known First Known Painting Painting

of Jackson, 1815of Jackson, 1815

General Jackson General Jackson During the During the

Seminole WarsSeminole Wars

General Jackson General Jackson During the During the

Seminole WarsSeminole Wars

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

John C. John C. CalhounCalhoun

[SC][SC]

William H. CrawfordWilliam H. Crawford[GA][GA]

Results of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 ElectionResults of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 Election

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

Yankee Misfit in the White House

• Characteristics– Puritanical honor – – Great popularity

• Plans for Administration– Construction of roads, canals, national university,

astronomical observatory– Means higher tariffs – Cherokee were dealt with fairly by JQA – but Georgia

resisted those attempts of equal treatment

States Expand Voting Rights

• Under John Q. Adams – voting rights expanded because many states eliminated property qualifications– 1824 election 355, 000 Americans voted or

26.9% of the electorate– 1828 1.1 million Americans voted or 57.6% of

the electorate voted – giving A Jackson the presidency

Rachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel Jackson

Final Divorce DecreeFinal Divorce Decree

Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His

WifeWife

Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His

WifeWife

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in theCountry Moves Country Moves

WESTWEST

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in theCountry Moves Country Moves

WESTWEST

Jacksonian Revolution

• Jackson won the popular vote and the EC• Jackson received support from the South and

West while New England States liked Adams• Political gravity shifting away from the north –

(Essex Junto/ Hartford convention anyone?)• Adams still had a great political career – getting

elected to the House of Reps

People’s President

• Orphaned at the age of 14• Received little formal education• Elected to represent TN in congress before the

age of 30• Famous for the Battle of New Orleans in the

1812 War• Captured Spanish Florida – • Took part in 5 duels killing 1 of his adversaries

Advent of Old Hickory

• Personal Battles– Dysentery, malaria, tuberculosis, lead poisoning

• Characteristics– Rough, jack of all trades, genuine folk hero– Violent temper, got into many duels – From the west – lived in a fine Mansion (the

Hermitage)– Ignored the Supreme Court on Occasion – used the

veto 12 times– “Inaugeral Bowl”– King Mob

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

3 The Planter Elite in the The Planter Elite in the SouthSouth

3 People on the FrontierPeople on the Frontier

3 State Politicians – State Politicians – spoils spoils systemsystem

3 Immigrants in the Immigrants in the cities.cities.

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”3 Intense distrust of EasternIntense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” “establishment,” monopolies, & special monopolies, & special privilege.privilege.

3 His heart & soul was with His heart & soul was with thethe“plain folk.”“plain folk.”

3 Belief that the common man Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon was capable of uncommon achievements.achievements.

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”

The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”

Cabinet Crisis & National Set Back

• “Matty” or the “Little Magician”

• “Eaton Malaria”

• Maysville Road Veto

Nullification Crisis

• Tariff of Abominations – 1828 --- many South Carolinians threatened to secede

• John C. Calhoun – The South Carolina Exposition and Protest– Robert Hayne (SC) & Daniel Webster (MA)

Debates– Jackson Position – “Our Federal Union is

tmust be Preserved”

• Congresses passes the Tariff of 1832 – considerably less on the % of tax on imports

• SC not satisfied --- adopted an Ordinance of Nullification

• Jackson considers this treason – orders a war ship to Charleston

• FORCE BILL• Henry Clay – Great Compromiser

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict3 1828 -->1828 --> “Tariff of “Tariff of

Abomination” Abomination”

3 1832 --> new tariff1832 --> new tariff

3 South Carolina’s South Carolina’s reactionreaction??

3 Jackson’s responseJackson’s response??

3 Clay’s “Compromise” Clay’s “Compromise” TariffTariff??

The The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne DebateThe The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne Debate

Sen. Daniel Sen. Daniel WebsterWebster

[MA][MA]

Sen. Robert Sen. Robert

HayneHayne[SC][SC]

1830183018301830 WebsterWebster::

Liberty and Union, now Liberty and Union, now andand forever, one and forever, one and inseparable.inseparable. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must Our Federal Union—it must bebe preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal3 Jackson’s GoalJackson’s Goal??

3 1830 1830 Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

3 Cherokee Nation v. GACherokee Nation v. GA (1831)(1831) ** “domestic dependent “domestic dependent nation”nation”

3 Worcester v. GAWorcester v. GA (1832)(1832)

3 Jackson:Jackson: John Marshall has made hisJohn Marshall has made his decision, now let him decision, now let him enforce enforce it! it!

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)

Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”

forforNative AmericansNative Americans

Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”

forforNative AmericansNative Americans

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

VETOVETO

1830 1830 Maysville RoadMaysville Road projectproject in KY [state of his in KY [state of his political rival, Henry political rival, Henry Clay] Clay]

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

“Soft”(paper) $

“Soft”(paper) $

“Hard”(specie) $

“Hard”(specie) $

3 state bankers state bankers feltfeltit restrained it restrained theirtheirbanks from banks from issuingissuingbank notes bank notes freely.freely.

3 supported rapid supported rapid

economic economic growth growth & speculation.& speculation.

3 felt that coin was felt that coin was

the only safethe only safecurrency.currency.

3 didn’t like any didn’t like any bankbankthat issued bankthat issued banknotes.notes.

3 suspicious of suspicious of expansion &expansion &speculation.speculation.

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!3 ““pet banks”pet banks”??

3 1832 1832 Jackson vetoed Jackson vetoed thethe extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.

3 1836 1836 the charter the charter expired.expired.

3 1841 1841 the bank went the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!

Jackson & BUS

• Jackson regarded the bank as a monopoly that benefited the wealthy

• Jackson crushes the BUS– Removed Federal Money from BUS and

placed it in state banks (PET BANKS) ---- WILD CAT BANKS

– BUS – called in loans and stopped lending (Nicholaus Biddle)

– Leads to Panic of 1837

The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”

An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:

““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??

An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:

““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

MainMainIssueIssue??

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)3 ““wildcat banks.”wildcat banks.”

3 buy future federalbuy future federalland only with gold land only with gold ororsilver.silver.

3 Jackson’s goalJackson’s goal??

Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie CircularResults of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular$ Banknotes loose their Banknotes loose their value.value.

$ Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

$ Credit not available.Credit not available.

$ Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.

$ Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

New Party Emerges

• KING ANDREW – a new party emerged to oppose him --- WHIGS – named after the party in England that worked to reduce the power of a monarch

• Platform – larger federal gov’t, industrial and commercial development,

• 1836 Election – Martin VanBuren defeated 3 Whigs

The 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResultsThe 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResults

Martin Van Martin Van BurenBuren

““Old Old Kinderhook”Kinderhook”

[O. K.][O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

1767 - 18451767 - 1845

• Van Buren Presidency – Panic of 1837 – – Highest unemployment in American History

• Tippecanoe and Tyler Too– Tyler – his Accidency– Third Bank?– Webster – Asburton Treaty