V O C A surname, description, sightseeing/ B level (of ... · PDF fileinteresting, great ......
Transcript of V O C A surname, description, sightseeing/ B level (of ... · PDF fileinteresting, great ......
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
V
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C
A
B
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L
A
R
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surname, description, sightseeing/agriculture, Master’s Degree,
level (of English), Director of Studies, university/parrot, pet
shop, verse, funny (odd); intelligent, tourist, interview, hotel
GRAMMAR
Identify people:
Look! It’s Dave Watson.
No it isn’t. It’s Uncle Jim.
need + a noun & need to + a verb
I need English for my job.
I need to improve my English.
Irregular past tenses:
have had had
hear heard heard
buy bought bought
come came came
think thought thought
say said said
drink drank drunk
see saw seen
Expressing ownership:
(Whose?)
A: Whose is the parrot?
B: It's Ahmed's.
A:Whose are the shoes?
B: They’re Dave’s.
Question tags
Form: Positive statement ►question
tag negative
A: You’re a new student, aren’t you?
B: Yes, I am.
A: Elena’s Italian, isn’t she?
B: Yes, she is.
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
essay, open-topped bus, (in)
trouble, rhyme (v), fire (n),
destroy, baker/bakery,
oven, blow (v), building (n),
Londoner, burn (v), catch
(fire), dead, bell, wind,
forests, ran away, exit (n),
panic (v), (fire) drill
Adjectives:
fantastic, fascinating, open-
topped, beautiful,
interesting, great
An adverb is formed by
adding -ly to an adjective:
quick - quickly / calm -
calmly
If the adjective ends in -y,
replace the y with i and
add –ly
easy - easily / angry –
angrily
Examples of adverbs:
correctly, loudly, quietly,
carefully, quickly, slowly,
smartly, immediately,
clearly, suddenly, really
I’d like …
I’d like to go to the Science Museum
because I can learn interesting facts.
all/both Sit down, both of
you.
Sit down, all of you.
(Both) Two people (All) More than two
people
Past simple: Describing past events
We add (-ed or –d) to regular verbs in the
past simple.
Play - played / like – liked / …etc
Irregular verbs:
They change in different ways.
eat ate eaten
begin began begun
forget forgot forgotten, forgot
get got gotten, got
go went gone
know knew known
lend lent lent
put put put
read read read
run ran run
see saw seen
send sent sent
take took taken
teach taught taught
wake woke woken
win won won
write wrote written
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
mystery, break-in (n), investigate, strange, torch, (police) statement,
definitely, police station, burglar, reporter, headline, oversleep, accident,
hurt (v), bruise (v), break (a leg), teering wheel, ambulance, bandages,
halfway through, apologise, ambulance, bandages, steering wheel, traffic
lights, awful, hope, serious, angry, forgive
Asking for extra information:
(Which …?)
A: I was in the shop.
B: Which shop?
A: I like our teacher.
B: Which teacher?
A: Do you like my friend?
B: Which friend?
Apologising:
A: I’m sorry I’m late.
B: It doesn’t matter.
A: I’m very sorry.
B: That’s alright.
A: I’m very sorry I woke you up.
B: That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.
Why/Because
Teacher: Why are you late, Yasser?
Yasser: Because I … I overslept, Teacher. I’m, sorry.
The use and omission of "the" with places
We use "the" when we refer to a particular place.
EX: We played in the park.
We omit "the" when we refer to a place in general without having a specific
place in mind.
EX: She went to hospital.
Past simple negative: (Subject + didn't + verb)
EX: I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't go to the park.
break broke broken
have/has had had
burn burnt burnt hurt hurt hurt
cut cut cut oversleep overslept overslept
drive drove driven take took taken
forget forgot forgotten tell told told
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
mirror, knock,
mysterious,
remember, towards,
escape , reward ,
clean , ground , fault
, catch (bird), cage,
empty, escape,
notice, close, reward,
phoned, address, (fly
a) kite, (sea) captain,
crewman, shout,
lifeboat, ship,
anybody, nobody,
diary, sailing
Can and Could in the
question:
Form: (Could / Can +
the subject+ verb)
Examples:
A: Could you play
tennis?
B: Yes, I could. / No, I
couldn't.
A: Can Omar speak
English now?
B: Yes, he can. / No, he
can't.
could / couldn’t
Could and Couldn't
are the past tense
forms of Can and
Can't.
Could and Couldn't
refer to ability or
inability in the past.
Ex: When she was one,
she could walk.
Ex: When she was one,
she couldn't speak.
Past continuous: (was / were + verb + -ing)
Affirmative Negative (Full forms) Negative (Short forms)
I was eating.
He was eating.
She was eating.
It was eating.
We were eating.
You were eating.
They were eating.
I was not eating.
He was not eating.
She was not eating.
It was not eating.
We were not eating.
You were not eating.
They were not eating.
I wasn’t eating.
He wasn’t eating.
She wasn’t eating.
It wasn’t eating.
We weren’t eating.
You weren’t eating.
They weren’t eating.
Questions Short answers
Was I eating?
Was he eating?
Was it eating?
Were we eating?
Were you eating?
Were they eating?
Yes, I was.
Yes, he was.
Yes, she was.
Yes, we were.
Yes, you were.
Yes, they were.
No, I wasn’t.
No, he wasn’t.
No, she wasn’t.
No, we weren’t.
No, you weren’t.
No, they weren’t.
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
climate, lifestyle, electricity, rubbish, gas, carbon dioxide CO2 , heat ,
Japan, Earth, escape, climate, diagram, recycle, plastic, glass
(uncountable), oil, petrol, spaceship, throw, limited, energy, coal, waste ,
valuable, (radio) studio, expert, top , journey, necessary, clean
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
Much
"Much" is used with uncountable
and singular nouns.
Examples:
We don’t have much time left.
We are using too much electricity.
Many
"Many" is used with plural nouns.
Examples:
We need many computers.
We are driving too many cars.
should / shouldn’t
We use "should" and "shouldn't" to give advice or to talk about
what we think is right or wrong.
We should use plastic bags again.
We should keep our air clean.
We shouldn’t throw away plastic bags.
"Fewer" is the comparative form
of few, and it is used before a
count noun to indicate a
decreased number of items.
Example:
We should drive fewer cars.
"Less" is used for uncountable,
usually abstract nouns: money,
happiness, snow, idealism.
Example:
We should use less electricity.
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
activity, bird of prey,
Hawk Conservancy,
prehistoric, parallel,
desert, religious, trade,
trip, explore, turn off,
pick up, publish, glasses
(spectacles), save, a cup
of tea, hall, upstairs,
cool, bee, honey,
traditional, ski,
crowded, palace
Expressing possibility: (possibly / probably)
Possibly means that (he doesn’t know).
EX: He's possibly going to London on the 23rd.
Probably means (he think he is).
EX: He is probably going to Cairo on the 9th
.
Infinitive of purpose: (to + verb)
Penny: What are you doing, Nina?
Nina: I’m turning the lights off, Mum.
Penny: Why?
Nina: To save energy.
Penny: Why do you want to save energy?
Nina: To stop climate change.
Phrasal verbs:
Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases
consisting of (verb + adverb) or (verb +
preposition).
Phrasal verbs and their opposites:
put on × take off
come in × go out
go away × come back
get up × go to bed
pick up × put down
go to sleep × wake up
Describing places: past
simple questions
1. When did you go?
2. Where did you go?
3. What did you see?
4. What did you eat?
5. What was your
favourite activity?
6. How many photos
did you take?
7. What did you buy?
Irregular verbs: 8.
blow blew blown
fly flew flown
come came come
put put put
meet met met
wake woke woken
Past simple tense irregular verbs: questions and
negatives:
I had a car. I didn't have a car. Did you have a
car?
He ate my
toast.
He didn't eat my
toast.
Did he eat my
toast?
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
bank, bin, rot, naturally, disappear, gold,
rubbish, glass/plastic bottles, wood, planet,
matters, verse, conserve, scissors, mobile
(phone), fridge, dryer, tap, throw away, turn
off/on, man-made, volcano, Mount, erupt,
ash, tonne, serious, flood, drought, visa,
cloud, Embassy, finally
Describing material:
It’s made of
1. What’s a table made of?
A table’s made of wood.
2. What’s a pen made of?
A pen’s made of plastic.
3. What’s a notebook made of?
A notebook’s made of paper.
4. What’s a window made of?
A window's made of glass.
5. What are the boots made of?
They’re made of leather.
Giving advice:
(should/ shouldn't + verb)
You should turn the water off.
You shouldn’t drive to school.
Describing purpose:
What’s a/What are …s for?
It’s/They’re for + -ing
1. What’s a dictionary for?
It’s for looking up words.
2. What are scissors for?
They’re for cutting paper.
Sequencing
adverbs order:
First ►Then ►Next ►After that ►Finally
First ►After that ►Next ►Then ►Finally
First ►Then ►After that ►Next ►Finally
First ►Next ►Then ►After that ►Finally
or
or
or
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
lamp, feed,
spare time,
pole, lid, duck,
rabbit, pour,
ground, wild
birds, flat
(adj), Briton,
huge, weigh,
midsummer,
observatory,
agree,
disagree, plain,
planet,
equipment,
snack, dark,
blond, fitness
centre, café,
island,
brochure,
swimming pool
Describing appearance: looks like
Lucy: Here, look!
Nina: But what is it? It looks like a small spaceship!
Elena: No it doesn’t. It looks like a lamp.
Agreeing: So do I …/Neither do I …
1. We use (so + affirmative auxiliary verb + subject)
When we agree with an affirmative statement.
EX:
A: Reema likes ice cream.
B: So do I.
2. We use (neither + affirmative auxiliary verb +
subject) When we agree with a negative statement
EX:
A: Omar doesn’t like coffee.
B: Neither does Fred.
Specifying people: (Prepositional modifiers; verb+ing)
Fred: Who’s that boy sitting at the table?
Charlie: There are four boys sitting at the table.
Fred: The one with the blond hair.
Charlie: There are two boys with blond hair.
Fred: The one in the green shirt. The one holding some juice.
Expressing possibility: (may + verb infinitive)
He may travel by train.
The hotel may be quiet.
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
kid, close (adj), get lost, map, embassy, (photographic)
plate, image, optics, establish, major (adj), invent(or),
upside down, ray (of light), web page, development,
project, liquid, jet lag, stewardess, bumpy, position, enjoy,
wound up (excited), hostess, basketball, feed, weigh, huge
VO
CA
BU
LA
RY
Directions
Fred: Excuse me, but can you
help us? We’re looking for
Charles Street, the Royal
Embassy of Saudi Arabia.
Policeman: Oh, you’re very
close. Go to the end of this street
and turn left. The Embassy’s on
the other side of the road. You
can’t miss it.
Fred: Thank you very much.
Explaining a subject: What’s it
about? It’s about …
A: A project? What’s it about?
B: It’s about photography.
GR
AM
MA
R
Wishing a good experience:
Enjoy your trip / flight / holiday /
day.
Subject, object and possessive
pronouns
Subject
personal
pronouns
Object
pronouns
Possessive
adjectives
I Me My
You You Your
He Him his
She Her her
It It its
We Us our
You You your
They them their
should / shouldn’t
Should/ shouldn't : Use (subject + should/shouldn’t +
verb) for advice
Should = This is a good idea
Shouldn’t = This is a bad idea.
Affirmative I/You/He/She/It/We/They should stay in
safe place.
Negative I/You/He/She/It/We/They shouldn't go
outside.
Use (should + subject + verb) for questions
Question Should I read the instructions?
Answer Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.
Haqebat Al-Enjaz (Organized by \ Bandar Al-Hazmy)
scholarship,
congratulate,
congratulations, escape,
score, award, include,
pocket money,
committee, specially,
relatives, erupted
why / because:
A: Why did the
mouse run up the
tree?
B: Because it wanted
to escape from the
cat.
infinitive of purpose:
(to + verb infinitive)
A: Why does Elena
go to Italy every
year?
B: To see her
relatives.
(Some-, an-, no-) with (-one, -thing)
1. Some
We use compounds of some in affirmative sentences and in questions:
Somebody/Someone left their wallet on my desk yesterday.
Can I have something to drink?
2. ANY
We use compounds of any in negative sentences and in questions:
There wasn’t anyone/anybody on the beach this morning
Is there anything interesting on television tonight?
3. NO
We use compounds of no with an affirmative verb:
Nobody/No one wanted to go out last night, so we stayed at home.
Pasts Simple:
Affirmative Negative
Full forms Short forms
I /He/ She/ It
Played.
We/ You/ They
I /He/she/it
did not play.
We/You/They
I /He/She/it
didn’t play.
We/You/They
Questions Short answers
I /He/ She/ It
Did play?
We/you/they
I /He/ She/ It
Yes, did.
we/you/they
I /He/ She/ It
No, didn’t.
we/you/they
Question tags
The exam was difficult, wasn't it? I tried, didn't I?