uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamoyeneba da moxdis pirobebi ...

Funded by the European Union

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis

gamoyeneba da moxdis

pirobebi saqarTveloSi

Tbilisi

2009

uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTis gamoyeneba da

moxdis pirobebi

saqarTveloSi

kvlevis jgufi:

cira Wanturia – proeqtis koordinatori – PRI

zoia (maia) xasia – proeqtis oficeri – PRI

salome qusikaSvili – administratori - PRI

3

sarCevi

winasityvaoba ............................................................... 5

zogadi informacia .................................................... 9

meTodologia ............................................................... 9

sikvdiliT dasjis istoria saqarTveloSi 12

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTaTvis

sasjelis moxdis pirobebi ................................... 18

erovnuli kanonmdebloba da saerTaSoriso

standartebi ................................................................. 46

rekomendaciebi ........................................................... 59

5

winasityvaoba

dasrulda evrokavSiris mier dafinansebuli

orwliani proeqti - ,,globaluri moZraoba

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebisTvis~, romelic

daiwyo 2007 wels da moicavda sam regions –

Sua aRmosavleTsa da CrdiloeT afrikas,

aRmosavleT evropasa da samxreT kavkasias

(azerbaijani, saqarTvelo, somxeTi), centralur

azias. proeqti, romelic emsaxureboda

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebas im regionebSi,

sadac is jer kidev arsebobs da ganixilavda

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sakiTxebs im

regionebSi, sadac sikvdiliT dasja ukve

gauqmebulia, ganxorcielda asociacia ,,cixis

saerTaSoriso reformis~ (PRI) mier.

samxreT kavkasiis qveynebi – azerbaijani,

saqarTvelo da somxeTi arian evropis sabWos

wevri qveynebi. mocemul qveynebSi didi xnis win

gauqmebul iqna sikvdiliT dasja, rogorc

evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebisTvis aRebuli

valdebuleba. Sesabamisad, proeqtis mTavari

mizani iyo uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa

mdgomareobis Seswavla da sazogadoebis

informireba maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

kargad aris cnobili, rom msjavrdebulebi,

romlebic ixdian grZelvadian sasjels, an

uvadod aqvT Tavisufleba aRkveTili, xSirad

imyofebian ufro cud mdgomareobaSi, an xdebian

gansxvavebuli mopyrobis subieqtebi sxva

6

kategoriis msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT,

kerZod, samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi, sadac

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebi mudmiv

ganviTarebas ganicdian da sadac, am mxriv,

evropis qveynebTan SedarebiT naklebi

saSualebebia.

sirTuleebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis

mdgomareobasTan da uflebebTan, Zalian

seriozulia. sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso

organizaciis angariSis mixedviT, am regionis

cixeebSi arsebuli mdgomareoba ar Seesabameba

saerTaSoriso standartebs. dakvirvebebi

cxadyofs, rom uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili

pirebi ganicdian sakuTari uflebebis dacvis

SesaZleblobis naklebobas. patimrobis

periodSi ar arsebobs sareabilitacio da sxva

tipis RonisZiebebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom

situacia azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da

somxeTSi gansxvavebulia, mainc aris mravali

msgavseba. mTavari msgavseba aris cixeSi

arsebuli mdgomareobis problematuroba, Tumca

reabilitaciis ararseboba da gare samyarosTan

urTierTobis SesaZleblobebis simcire, aseve

saerTo problemas warmoadgens.

miuxedavad sirTuleebisa, saxelmwifo

struqturebis, samoqalaqo da saerTaSoriso

sazogadoebis mxridan arsebobs aseve mravali

dadebiTi cvlileba da Zalisxmeva. Zlieri

7

cixis sadamkvirveblo komisiebi da maTi

RonisZiebebi, saerTaSoriso treningebis

SesaZlebloba da gamocdilebis gaziareba,

kanonmdeblobis nabij-nabij gaumjobeseba

zrdis gamWvirvalobas da cixeebis

yoveldRiuri muSaobis xarisxs.

winamdebare gamocema ,,uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTis gamoyeneba da moxdis pirobebi

saqarTveloSi~ momzadebulia uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis mdgomareobis

mimoxilvis da misi sazogadoebisaTvis gacnobis

mizniT.

gamocema ar aris, ubralod, samecniero kvleva

– is Seqmnilia sikvidiliT dasjisa da samxreT

kavkasiaSi misi gauqmebis istoriis Sejamebis

mizniT, aseve dReisaTvis arsebuli, uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTis gamoyenebisa da moxdis

pirobebis aRweris mizniT. gamocemas aqvs

gansakuTrebuli Rirebuleba, radgan uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis azrebi da

Sexedulebebi gamocemis erT-erTi umTavresi

wyaroa. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRniSnuli

proeqti exeboda sakmaod mgrZnobiare, magram

amasTanave mTel rig mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs,

romelTa Soris yvela asaxulia gamocemaSi.

`PRI”-is samxreT kavkasiis ofisi gamoxatavs

madlierebas misi partniorebis, saxelmwifo da

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebis

8

mimarT, maT mier gaweuli TanamSromlobisTvis

da zemoT xsenebul proeqtsa da winamdebare

gamocemaSi maTi wvlilisTvis.

raiT qusi

regionaluri direqtori

`PRI”-is samxreT kavkasiis ofisi

9

zogadi informacia

intervius Catarebis periodisaTvis (ivlisi-

agvisto), 2008 wlis 18 agvistos,

sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis mier

mowodebuli monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi

imyofeboda 74 uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili

piri - 72 mamakaci da 2 qali. msjavrdebulebi

ganawilebulni iyvnen sam dawesebulebaSi,

kerZod, 71 msjavrdebuli mamakaci - #6

sapyrobileSi, 1 msjavrdebuli mamakaci - #7

sapyrobileSi da 2 msjavrdebuli qali - qalTa

da arasrulwlovanTa #5 saerTo da mkacri

reJimis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi.

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis

dawesebulebebSi ar imyofebodnen patimrebi,

romelTac misjili hqondaT sikvdiliT dasja

da mogvianebiT SeecvalaT sasjeli uvado

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.

meTodologia

angariSis momzadebis periodisaTvis

interviurebuli iyo 20 msjavrdebuli mamakaci

da 2 msjavrdebuli qali. interviuze mowveul

pirTagan uari mxolod erTma mamakacma

msjavrdebulma ganacxada. interviureba

xorcieldeboda yvela msjavrdebulTan kvlevis

jgufis warmomadgenelTa piradi SexvedriT.

garda kvlevis jgufis warmomadgenlebisa,

interviurebas eswreboda rusTavis #6

10

sapyrobilis fsiqologi. sxva TanamSromlebi

interviurebis process ar eswrebodnen. Tumca

aRsaniSnavia, rom mTeli intervius procesSi

dawesebulebis TanamSromeli, romelsac

mohyavda msjavrdebuli Sexvedraze, imyofeboda

meore oTaxSi. oTaxebs Soris arsebuli kari

Ria iyo. SeuZlebelia imis Tqma Tu ramdenad

dadebiTad an uaryofiTad moqmedebda misi iq

yofna intervius procesze, magram aRsaniSnavia,

rom garda erTi Sexvedris dRisa, es

TanamSromeli iyo socialuri samsaxuris

warmomadgeneli, erT SemTxvevaSi is iyo

usafrTxoebis samsaxuris muSaki.

interviurebis procesSi xorcieldeboda

urTierTTanamSromloba dawesebulebis

administraciasa da kvlevis jgufis

warmomadgenlebs Soris, aseve moxda

interviureba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis

yvela im samsaxuris xelmZRvanelTan, romelsac

samsaxurebrivad piradi Sexeba aqvs

msjavrdebulTan (dawesebulebis direqtori,

usafrTxoebis samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli, reJimis

samsaxurisa da socialuri samsaxuris

warmomadgenlebi). TanamSromloba orive

dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelTan da

administraciis sxva warmomadgenlebTan iyo

konstruqciuli da muSaobis procesSi raime

Seferxebas an xelisSemSleli garemoebebis

arsebobas adgili ar hqonia.

11

kvlevis procesSi aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo

interviureba saqarTvelos parlamentis

adamianis uflebebisa da iuridiuli

komitetebis, sasamarTlos, prokuraturis,

iusticiis saministrosa da sasjelaRsrulebis

departamentis warmomadgenlebTan da

advokatebTan, romelTac monawileoba aqvT

miRebuli iseT sasamarTlo procesSi, sadac

dadga gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni da sasjeli

ganisazRvra uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.

SexvedrebTan dakavSirebiT, werilebi winaswar

gadaegzavna aRniSnul struqturebs,

romelTaganac gamoxmaureba hqonda

saqarTvelos parlamentis adamianis uflebaTa

dacvis komitets, uzenaes sasamarTlos,

generalur prokuraturas. saapelacio

sasamarTlos sxva instanciebidan gamoxmaureba

ar yofila. gamoxmaurebis mixedviT, Sexvedrebi

daigegma agvistos TveSi, Tumca saqarTveloSi

ganviTarebuli movlenebidan gamomdinare,

Sexvedrebi gadaido garda uzenaesi

sasamarTlos mosamarTlesTan Sexvedrisa,

romelic Sedga 2008 wlis 22 agvistos. Sexvedra

da interviureba Sedga mosamarTle levan

murusiZesTan1.

sasjelaRsrulebis departamentSi Sexvedra

eTxova departamentis Tavmjdomaris

1 interviu Catarda 2008 wlis 22 agvistos.

12

moadgileebs da socialuri samsaxuris ufross.

Sexvedra Sedga Tavmjdomaris moadgilesTan

socialur sakiTxebSi da socialuri samsaxuris

ufrosTan. rac Seexeba Tavmjdomaris I

moadgiles, Sexvedris Txovnas ar

gamoxmaurebia. Sexvedris Sesaxeb Txovnas aseve

ar gamoxmaurebia iusticiis saministro.

kvlevis erT-erTi komponenti iyo erovnuli

kanonmdeblobis damuSaveba da misi ganxilva

saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad.

kvlevis Sedegebis ganxilvis mizniT, Catarda

regionaluri konferencia saerTaSoriso da

adgilobrivi organizaciebisa da saxelmwifo

struqturebis warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT.

sikvdiliT dasjis istoria

saqarTveloSi

sikvdiliT dasja, sakanonmdeblo doneze,

gauqmda 1997 wels. gauqmebis procesi

xorcieldeboda Semdegi etapebis gavliT,

kerZod, saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis 25

ivnisis # 387 brZanebulebiT Sewyalebul iqna

54 msjavrdebuli, romelsac mocemuli

periodisaTvis misjili hqonda sasjelis

umaRlesi zoma - `sikvdiliT dasja~. maT

alternatiuli sasjelis zomad ganesazRvraT

20 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, xolo 1997

wlis 11 noembers miRebul iqna kanoni #1069-Is

`sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebis –

13

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis Sesaxeb~.

aRniSnulma kanonma, gaurkvevlad, magram mainc,

gaaJRera iseTi saxis sasjeli, rogoric iyo

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, romelic, rogorc

sasjelis zoma, SemoiRo 1999 wels miRebulma

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsma, romelic ZalaSi

Sevida 2000 wlis maisis Tvidan. rac Seexeba

saqarTvelos konstitucias, masSi mxolod 2006

wels Sevida cvlileba, romelmac II Tavis me-15

muxlis me-2 nawili Camoayaliba Semdegi

formulirebiT: `saqarTveloSi sikvdiliT

dasja gauqmebulia~.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi,

romelic miRebuli iyo 1960 wlis 30 dekembers

saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos mier da

ZalaSi Sevida 1961 wlis 1 martidan,

iTvaliswinebda sasjelis umaRles zomas -

sikvdiliT dasjas. sikvdiliT dasja

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo mxolod gansakuTrebiT

mZime danaSaulisaTvis damamZimebel

garemoebebSi, kerZod, kodeqsis 24-e muxli

gansazRvravda Tu ra SemTxvevebSi SeeZloT

mosamarTleebs gamoeyenebinaT sasjelis

aRniSnuli zoma. muxli formulirebuli iyo

Semdegnairad: `sasjelis gansakuTrebuli

RonisZiebis saxiT, mis srul gauqmebamde,

daiSveba sikvdiliT dasjis - daxvretis

gamoyeneba saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

danaSaulisaTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul

SemTxvevebSi, ganzrax mkvlelobisaTvis

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damamZimebel garemoebebSi, rac aRniSnulia am

kodeqsis muxlebSi, romlebic aweseben

pasuxismgeblobas ganzrax mkvlelobisaTvis,

xolo saqarTvelos respublikis

kanonmdeblobiT specialurad gaTvaliswinebul

calkeul SemTxvevebSi – agreTve zogierTi sxva

gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisaTvis.

sikvdiliT dasja ar SeiZleba miesajos im pirs,

romelsac danaSaulis Cadenamde ar Sesrulebia

Tvrameti weli, da qalebs, romlebic

danaSaulis Cadenis dros an ganaCenis

gamotanis momentisaTvis orsulad arian.

sikvdiliT dasja ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul

iqnes qalis mimarT, romelic ganaCenis

aRsrulebis momentisaTvis orsulad aris~.

mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis nusxa,

romelic iTvaliswinebda sasjelis umaRles

zomas – sikvdiliT dasjas – iyo Semdegi:

1. Tavi I - danaSauli saxelmwifos

winaaRmdeg:

• muxli 65 `samSoblos Ralati~;

• muxli 66 `jaSuSoba~;

• muxli 67 `teroristuli aqti~ (IV nawili);

15

• muxli 68 `teroristuli aqti ucxoeTis

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlis winaaRmdeg~ (I

nawili);

• muxli 69 `diversia~;

• muxli 78 `banditizmi~;

• muxli 78I `moqmedeba, romelsac

dezorganizacia Seaqvs Tavisuflebis aRkveTis

dawesebulebisA muSaobaSi~ (III nawili).

2. Tavi II - danaSauli pirovnebis

sicocxlis, janmrTelobis, Tavisuflebisa da

Rirsebis winaaRmdeg:

• muxli 104 `ganzrax mkvleloba, Cadenili

damamZimebel mdgomareobaSi~.

yvela msjavrdebuli, romelsac gansazRvruli

hqonda sasjelis umaRlesi zoma - sikvdiliT

dasja, ganTavsebuli iyo Tbilisis #1

sagamoZiebo izolatorSi (SemdgomSi #5

sapyrobile), saknebSi, romlebic mdebareobda

aRniSnuli sapyrobilis sardafis tipis

(miwisqveSa) nawilSi. mcire zomis, nestiani

saknebi, romelTac ar hqonda fanjara da masSi

ver aRwevda bunebrivi ganaTeba da ventilacia,

ZiriTadad, erTadgiliani iyo, Tumca maTi

ukmarisobis gamo, erT sakanSi ori

msjavrdebulis moTavseba daSvebuli iyo.

sikvdilmisjil msjavrdebulebs moqmedi

16

kanonmdeblobiT ar ekuTvnodaT paemani da

gaseirneba. sikvdilmisjilebi 13:00 saaTidan

15:00 saaTamde SehyavdaT meddasTan, romlis

samuSao oTaxi ganTavsebuli iyo amave korpusis

(sarTulis) teritoriaze. es gayvana ufro

aqcentirebuli iyo imaze, rom msjavrdebulis

sasjelis aRsasruleblad gayvana moulodneli

movlena ar yofiliyo da ar gamoewvia

msjavrdebulebs Soris daumorCilebloba.

aRniSnuli msjavrdebulebi ikvebebodnen dReSi

samjer dabali kaloriulobiT.

msjavrdebulTa (patimarTa) sadgomad

aRniSnuli saknebis gamoyeneba aikrZala 2001

wlis 6-18 maiss wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis

mier Catarebuli monitoringis Sedegad

gacemuli rekomendaciis safuZvelze, kerZod,

2002 wels gamoqveynebul CPT‐s angariSSi saknebi, sadac adre sikvdilmisjili msjavrdebulebi

iyvnen ganTavsebulni, aRwerili iyo

Semdegnairad: `erTi patimris sacxovrebeli

farTobi, albaT, 1,7kv.m-c ki ar Seadgenda2.

garda amisa, saknebi bneli, gauniavebeli,

nestiani da usufTao iyo. zogjer, isini nagvis

gotebiT iyo savse da maTi mdgomareoba imdenad

2 angariSi saqarTvelos mTavrobas, saqarTveloSi

vizitTan dakavSirebiT, romelic ganaxorciela wamebisa

da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobisa an dasjis

prevenciis Sesaxeb evropulma komitetma 2001 wlis 6

maisidan 18 maisamde. punqti 75.

17

savalalo iyo, rom Znelad eqvemdebareboda

aRweras~. vizitis bolos delegaciam iTxova,

saqarTvelos xelisuflebas Seewyvita sardafis

gamoyeneba.

1997 wlis 25 ivliss saqarTvelos prezidentis

mier gamocemul iqna #387 brZanebuleba `im

pirTa Sewyalebis Sesaxeb, romelTac misjili

aqvT sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZieba –

sikvdiliT dasja~. aRniSnuli brZanebulebis

Tanaxmad, Sewyalebul iqna yvela is piri,

romelic mocemuli periodisaTvis

msjavrdebuli iyo da sasamarTlo ganaCenis

mixedviT, gansazRvruli hqonda sasjelis

umaRlesi zoma – sikvdiliT dasja da

elodeboda sasjelis aRsrulebas. amave

Sewyalebis aqtiT, yvela Sewyalebul pirs

sikvdiliT dasja Seecvala 20 wliT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. mocemuli

periodisaTvis sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi

sul imyofeboda 54 aseTi kategoriis

msjavrdebuli.

1997 wlis 11 noembers miRebul iqna

saqarTvelos prezidentis mier inicirebuli

kanoni #1069-Is `sasjelis gansakuTrebuli

RonisZiebis – sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis

Sesaxeb~, romelmac sasjelis aRniSnuli zoma

saqarTveloSi sabolood gaauqma. amave kanoniT,

cvlileba Sevida saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso da

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sasjelTa aRsrulebis kodeqsebSi, kerZod,

Sesabamisi muxlebidan amoRebul iqna sityvebi

`sikvdiliT dasjiT an ...~. sikvdiliT dasjis

saboloo gauqmebis Semdeg, 1999 wlis 22 ivliss

SemuSavebul iqna axali sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsi, romelic 2000 wlis ivnisidan ZalaSi

Sevida.

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil

pirTaTvis sasjelis moxdis

pirobebi

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoeba

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis

dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebuli uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi miekuTvnebian im

msjavrdebulTa kategorias, romelTac

sasamarTlos mier 2000 wlidan miesajaT uvado

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, anu axali sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis

Semdeg, romelSic sasjelis zomad dadgenil

iqna uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. rac Seexeba

kategorias, romelsac misjili hqonda

sasjelis gansakuTrebuli zoma - sikvdiliT

dasja da Seecvala uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT, aseTi kategoriis msjavrdebulebi

saqarTveloSi sasjels ar ixdian.

Tu ra saxis danaSaulisaTvis SeiZleba

ganesazRvros saqarTvelos realobaSi pirs

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, am SekiTxvas

19

pasuxobs realuri mdgomareobis Seswavlis

Sedegebi. kerZod, isini arian adamianebi,

romelTac sasjeli ganesazRvraT

danaSaulisaTvis `ganzrax mkvleloba

damamZimebel garemoebebSi~ saqarTvelos ssk 109

muxli da narkotikuli danaSauli saqarTvelos

ssk 260 muxlis `narkotikuli saSualebis, misi

analogis an prekursoris ukanonod damzadeba,

warmoeba SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna

an gasaReba~ III nawili. es aris sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis is muxlebi, romelic

figurirebs ganaCenebis absolutur

umravlesobaSi. Tu ramdenad obieqturad iqna

gamoyenebuli sasjelis es zoma, amaze

msjeloba scildeba proeqtis kompetencias,

magram Tu ra Sexeduleba aqvs mis

gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT im pirebs, romelTa

mimarTac es sasjeli iqna gamoyenebuli da im

pirebs, romelTa mierac iqna gamoyenebuli, am

SekiTxvas garkveulwilad pasuxi gaeca

interviurebis procesSi.

uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlem, levan

murusiZem3 interviurebis dros ganmarta

aRniSnuli sasjelis gamoyenebis realuri

SemTxvevebi da misi damokidebuleba mocemuli

sasjelis gamoyenebis mimarT. man aRniSna, rom

zogadad sisxlis samarTlis politikas

3 interviu Catarda 2008 wlis 22 agvistos.

20

saqarTveloSi gansazRvravs parlamenti, Tumca

aseTi saxis sasjelis gamoyeneba unda moxdes

ukidures SemTxvevaSi, aseve aRniSna, rom

praqtikaSi ar yofila SemTxveva, rodesac mas

gamoeyenebinos aseTi tipis sasjeli Tu piri

adre nasamarTlevi ar aris, magaliTad,

SemTxveva, rodesac ganixileboda yaCaRoba

Cadenil pirTa jgufis mier, romelsac mohyva

mZime Sedegi – 2 dazaralebulis gardacvaleba,

jgufidan uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa mxlod

or im pirs miesaja, romelic adre

yaCaRobisTvis iyo nasamarTlevi. SekiTxvaze

ramdenad mizanSewonilad miaCnia mosamarTles

aRniSnuli sasjelis gamoyenebis precendentis

daSveba qalebis mimarT, man aRniSna, rom

zogadad, sasurvelia, aseTi sasjeli qalebis

mimarT ar gamoiyenebodes, Tumca aqve unda

gaviTvaliswinoT Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTi

da simZime.

msjavrdebulTa gamokiTxvis mixedviT, aRniSnuli sasjelis gamoyenebis mimarT damokidebuleba Semdegia: ori gamokiTxuli qalbatonidan erT-erTi kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegeba mis mimarT gamoyenebuli sasjelis zomas da aRniSnavs, rom igi araobieqturadaa gamoyenebuli, radganac miaCnia, rom mis saqmeSi Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi ar moipoveba da aseve misTvis ganaCenis asli ar CaubarebiaT. rac Seexeba gamokiTxul mamakacebs, maT umravlesobas miaCnia, rom mis mimarT gamoZieba da

21

sasamarTlo iyo araobieqturi da amdenad, gamoyenebuli sasjelic, Sesabamisad, araobieqturia. kerZod, araobieqturobis safuZvlad saxeldeba sxvadasxva garemoebebi, magaliTad, umravlesoba miuTiTebs, rom `maT mier dasaxelebuli mowmeebi procesze ar iqnen gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli~; an `arc erTi pretenzia ar miiRes, miuxedavad imisa, rom advokatma gaasaCivra”; `sasamarTlom ar gaiTvaliswina fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobis faqti; advokatma moiTxova fsiqiatriuli eqspertiza, magram ar iqna dakmayofilebuli~, erT-erTi gamokiTxuli 1998 wels policiis ganyofilebaSi mis mimarT momxdar wamebis faqtze miuTiTebs: `policiaSi kbilebi damacales, mcemes da elene TevdoraZis4 naxva rom moviTxove, mcxeTaSi gadamiyvanes da 21 dRe mawamebdnen~. TiTqmis yvela gamokiTxuli piri aRniSnavs, rom zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlom yvela maTganis ganaCeni datova ucvleli da rom arc erTi maTgani zemdgomi insatanciis sasamarTloSi proceze dasaswrebad gayvanili ar yofila, Tumca adgilobrivi kanonmdebloba da saerTaSoriso standartebic mis am uflebaze miuTiTeben. kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 76-e muxlis Tanaxmad, braldebuls ufleba aqvs `monawileoba miiRos saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo sxdomebSi da daicvas

4 saqarTvelos parlamentis adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa

da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomare

(msjavrdebulis mier naxsenebi periodisTvis).

22

Tavisi interesebi damoukideblad an damcvelis meSveobiT~. aseve samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-14 muxlis me-3 punqti gansazRvravs, rom `yvela pirs, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, aqvs, sul mcire, Semdegi uflebebi: ... d) gaasamarTlon misi TandaswrebiT da daicvas Tavisi Tavi piradad an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis meSveobiT~. erT-erTi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili qalbatonis saqmes amJamad ixilavs uzenaesi sasamarTlo, kerZod, mosamarTle, romelTanac Sedga interviureba. mosamarTles daesva SekiTxva, Tu ratom ixileboda zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeebi msjavrdebulis dauswreblad, romelmac ganmarta, rom es ar warmoadgens darRvevas, ris safuZvladac miuTiTa sssk 558-e muxli `sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis monawileni~ - `sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvaSi monawileobs - patimrobaSi myofi msjavrdebuli misi SuamdgomlobiT da sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT~, amdenad aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad msjavrdebulebis moTxovnisa Tu damcvelis Suamdgomlobisa, sasamarTlos aqvs moqnili meqanizmi imisaTvis, rom msjavrdebuli ar daaswros sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis process, anu Tu sasamarTlom miiRo ardaswrebis gadawyvetileba. es ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb evropul konvencias – muxli 6(1) – `samoqalaqo uflebebisa da movaleobebis an nebismieri sisxlis samarTlebrivi braldebis gansazRvrisas yvelas aqvs ufleba misi saqmis samarTlian da Ria mosmenaze

23

kanonis mier Seqmnili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli tribunalis mier drois gansazRvrul vadaSi” – da gaeros mier miRebul samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqts, muxli 14(d) - ,,gaasamarTlon misi TandaswrebiT da daicvas Tavi piradad an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis saSualebiT; Tu mas hyavs damcveli, unda Seatyobinon es ufleba da hyavdes misTvis daniSnuli damcveli yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca marTlmsajulebis interesebi amas moiTxovs, usasyidlod im SemTxvevaSi, roca ar aqvs sakmarisi saxsrebi am damcvelis asanazRaureblad~. msjavrdebulTa gancxadebiT, sxvadasxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebisas mravali xarvezi iqna daSvebuli.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebasTan

dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia kidev ori

gamokiTxuli piris saqme, romlebsac

sasamarTlos mier ganesazRvraT sasjeli –

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT da romlebmac

danaSauli Caidines 1997 da 1998 wlebSi. orive

SemTxvevaSi maT mier Cadenili danaSauli

dakvalificirebul iqna sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis 104 muxliT, romelic iTvaliswinebda

sasjelis umaRles zomas - sikvdiliT dasjas,

Tumca 1997 wlis 25 ivliss gamoica

saqarTvelos prezidentis #387 brZanebuleba,

romlis Tanaxmadac Sewyalebul iqna yvela is

piri, romelsac am periodisaTvis Sefardebuli

hqonda sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZieba -

sikvdiliT dasja da sasjeli Seecvala 20

24

wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, xolo 1997 wlis

11 noembers miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni

#1069-Is `sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebis

– sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis Sesaxeb~. 1999

wlis 22 ivliss miRebul iqna axali sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi Sevida

2000 wlidan. aRniSnulma kodeqsma gaauqma 1960

wels miRebuli kodeqsis moqmedeba. axali

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT ukve

saqarTveloSi SemoRebul iqna sasjelis axali

saxe – uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. bolo ori

respondentis mimarT gamoyenebul iqna swored

aRniSnuli axali kodeqsi da maT miesajaT

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rac pirdapir

ewinaaRmdegeba amave

kodeqsis me-2 da me-3 muxlis moTxovnebs,

kerZod, me-2 muxlis `sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis moqmedeba droSi~ I nawilis Tanaxmad,

`qmedebis danaSaulebrioba da dasjadoba

ganisazRvreba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT,

romelic moqmedebda misi Cadenis dros~, anu am

SemTxvevaSi ss kodeqsi, romelic moqmedebda

1997-98 wlebSi, aseve me-3 muxlis `sisxlis

samarTlis kanonis ukuZala~ I nawilis

Tanaxmad, `... sisxlis samarTlis kanons,

romelic awesebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas an

amkacrebs sasjels ukuZala ar aqvs”.

aRniSnulis miuxedavad, orive piris mimarT

gamoyenebul iqna axali sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsi, romelic amkacrebda maT sasjels.

25

aRniSnuli saxis gadawyvetileba aseve

ewinaaRmdegeba samoqalaqo da politikuri

uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-15 muxlis 1-li

punqtis moTxovnebs `... arc imaze ufro mkacri

sasjeli SeiZleba Seefardos vinmes, vidre

sasjeli, romelic gamoiyeneboda sisxlis

samarTlis danaSaulis Cadenis dros~.

anketirebis dros msjavrdebulTa mier

dasaxelebuli argumentebis miuxedavad,

romlebic uTiTeben araerTgvarovan

darRvevebze, maTi ganmartebiT, sasamarTlo,

prokuraturisa da gamoZiebis organoebi maT

saCivrebs an ar ixilaven, an yvelaferi rCeba

ucvlelad. magaliTad, `sasamarTlom 60

Suamdgomlobidan daakmayofila mxolod 1~;

`gamoZiebidanve mivmarTavdi piradad me

gancxadebebiT, magram gancxadebebi amoiRes

piradi saqmidan da maT araviTari reagireba ar

mohyolia~5.

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis

pirobebi saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis

sistemaSi

msjavrdebuli mamakacebi, ZiriTadad,

ganTavsebulni arian #6 sapyrobilis 4-6

adgilian saknebSi. saknebi Sevsebulia, anu

5 interviuebi Catarda qarTvel mkvlevarTa jgufis mier

2008 wlis ivlisSi.

26

maTSi imyofeba, Sesabamisad, 4-6 msjavrdebuli.

saknis aRWurvilobaSi Sedis sawoli, karada

(sakvebis Sesanaxi), tansacmlis Sesanaxi karada

msjavrdebulebs ar gaaCniaT. sakanSi

msjavrdebulebs aseve aqvT magida, skamebi,

logini, TeTreuli (romelsac, ZiriTadad,

TviTon iZenen dawesebulebis teritoriaze

moqmed maRaziaSi) da Semdegi saxeobis WurWeli:

polieTilenis (plastmasis) erTi TefSi, erTi

Wiqa, erTi kovzi da erTi Cangali.

SekiTxvaze aris Tu ara arsebuli pirobebi

Sesaferisi imisaTvis, rom msjavrdebulma

adekvatur garemoSi moixados iseTi xangrZlivi

sasjeli, rogoricaa uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTa, yvela erTniSnad aRniSnavs, rom aseTi

sasjelis mosaxdelad es aris absoluturad

miuRebeli. kvlevis jgufTan Sexvedris dros

analogiuri pozicia daikava sasjelaRsrulebis

departamentis administraciam6. aRniSnulis

Sefaseba ufro mZafrad gamoikveTa bolo

interviurebis dros, rodesac msjavrdebulebi

ukve gadayvanil iyvnen #6 sapyrobilis axlad

aSenebul korpusSi, romelsac fanjrebze

damontaJebuli aqvs Jaluzebi (bolo vizitis

dros ukve moxsnili iyo), romelic

faqtobrivad araTu zRudavs sakanSi sufTa

haeris arsebobas, bunebriv ganaTebas da

6 Sexvedra Sedga 2008 wlis 18 seqtembers sasjelaRsrlebis departamentis Tavmjdomaris moadgilesTan da socialuri samsaxuris ufrosTan.

27

ventilacias, msajvrdebulTa ganmartebiT,

sakanSi aris daxuTuli haeri da dabali

ganaTeba.

aseve uTiTeben saknis farTobze, romelic maTi

ganmartebiT, `6-kaciania, magram ar aris

gaTvlili 6 kacze da Zalian viwroa~;

`sasiarulo farTi ar aris, ventilacia ar

muSaobs, sapirfareSo naxevrad Riaa~; `Zalian

Znelia am pirobebSi Caketil sivrceSi erTi da

igive adamianebis yureba, Jaluzebi

daamontaJes7, arc ganaTebaa da arc haeri

Semodis. xelovnuri ventilaciis sistema

gayvanili ar aris da xelovnuri ganaTebac ar

aris sakmarisi~; aRniSnuli pirobebi

ewinaaRmdegeba gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis

minimaluri standartuli wesebis me-11 muxlis

a) da b) punqtebis moTxovnebs, romlis

mixedviTac, `dawesebulebaSi, sadac cxovroben

da muSaoben patimrebi: a) fanjrebi unda iyos

sakmarisi zomis imisaTvis, rom patimrebs

SeeZloT kiTxva da muSaoba dRis sinaTleze,

aseve ise unda iyos konstruirebuli, rom

uzrunvelyos sufTa haeris mowodeba imisda

miuxedavad, arsebobs Tu ara ventilaciis

xelovnuri sistema; b) xelovnuri ganaTeba unda

iyos imisaTvis, rom patimrebs SeeZloT kiTxva

da muSaoba mxedvelobis gauaresebis safrTxis

7 2008 wlis agvistoSi, mdgomareobis monitoringis dros, kvlevis jgufma aRmoaCina, rom Jaluzebi ukve moxsnili iyo.

28

gareSe~. aseve msjavrdebulebs cudi pirobebis

argumentad mohyavT is garemoeba, rom iataki

aris e. w betonis da ganmartaven, rom `betonze

cxovreba SeuZlebelia da janmrTelobisaTvis

saxifaToa~.

msjavrdebulebs abanoTi sargeblobis ufleba

aqvT kviraSi erTxel, rac stabiluria da

pretenzias naklebad gamoTqvamen, Tumca rigma

maTganma aRniSna, rom es sakmarisi ar aris da

umjobesi iqneboda sakanSi duSis qona.

evropuli cixis wesebi TavSi `higiena~, punqti

19.4 gansazRvravs, rom `adekvaturi samyoflis

uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes, raTa yovelma

patimarma SeZlos SxapiT an abazaniT

sargebloba klimatisadmi Sesatyvisi

temperaturis pirobebSi. Tu es SesaZlebelia

dRiurad, an kviraSi orjer mainc (Tu saWiroa

ufro xSiradac) zogadi higienis interesebidan

gamomdinare~.

TeTreuliT momarageba, rogorc aRiniSna,

problemuria da msjavrdebulebi TviTon iZenen

TeTreuls dawesebulebis maRaziaSi.

gaurkvevelia im msjavrdebulebis mdgomareoba,

romelsac ar SeuZliaT SeiZinon an momavalSi

ver SeZleben mis SeZenas. rac Seexeba

TeTreulis recxvas, yoveli maTgani aRniSnavs,

rom TeTreuls TviTon recxaven da aSroben

sakanSi, radganac `saerTo samrecxaoSi

garecxili aradamakmayofilebelia~. rac Seexeba

29

sarecxis gaSrobas sakanSi, romelic isedac

uhaerobiT gamoirCeva, damatebiT problemas

qmnis msjavrdebulTa janmrTelobisaTvis.

msjavrdebulTa gaseirneba xdeba yoveldRe

erTi saaTiT garda SabaTisa, rodesac maT

`utardebaT abano~. Tumca, aqac

msjavrdebulebis ganmartebiT, arsebobs

garkveuli problemebi, radganac

msjavrdebulebi, romlebic axal korpusze

arian gadayvanili aRniSnaven, rom `saseirno

ezo Zalian pataraa~; `#6 sapyrobileSi axali

saseirno ezo Zalian mcirea - 3 kaci Tu eteva~,

msjavrdebulebi erTdroulad gadian saseirnod

da maTi raodenoba xSirad orjer aRemateba

sams. sayofacxovrebo pirobebis Semowmebisas

gairkva8, rom saseirno ezoebi, daaxloebiT,

igive zomisaa, rogorc Zveli da masSi 4-6

msjavrdebulis erTdroulad yofna

SesaZleblad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

msjavrdebulebi aRniSnaven, rom sufTa haerze

yofnis saSualeba aseTi kategoriis

msjavrdebulebs unda hqondeT dReSi aranakleb

2-3 saaTi, sadac maT eqnebaT varjiSis

saSualeba.

arsebuli pirobebi ewinaaRmdegeba evropuli

cixis wesebs, romlis Tavi `varjiSi da

8 Semowmeba Catarda kvlevis jgufis wevrebisa da cixis

administraciis mier.

30

dasveneba~ ganmartavs, rom `27.3 saTanadod

organizebuli RonisZiebebi, romlebic xels

uwyobs sijansaRes da uzrunvelyofs fizikur

varjiSsa da dasvenebas, unda warmoadgendes

reJimis ganuyofel nawils. 27.4

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis

xelmZRvaneloba xels unda uwyobdes msgavs

RonisZiebebs Sesabamisi aRWurvilobisa Tu

bazis uzrunvelyofis meSveobiT~.

kveba

kvebas gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba kargad

afasebs, Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac

TviTon gamzadebis xarisxs uaryofiTad

afaseben da aRniSnaven, rom `wiwibura wyliani

da ugemuria, makaroni - cudad moxarSuli~, aqve

unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela gamokiTxulma

miuTiTa kvebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze bolo

periodSi, anu moqmedi xelmZRvanelis daniSvnis

(interviurebis droisaTvis) Semdeg, manamde,

respondentebis gadmocemiT, yofila

SemTxvevebi, rodesac sakvebi gafuWebuli iyo.

gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa erTi garemoeba, rom

dieturi sakvebis miRebis SesaZlebloba ar

aris, kerZod, erT-erTma respondentma aRniSna,

rom Saqriani diabetiT aris daavadebuli da

igi specialur aRricxvaze ar auyvaniaT.

aRniSnuli daavadebis mqone msjavrdebulis

31

yofna cixis eqimma9 daadastura. Tumca

evropuli cixis wesebi, TavSi `kveba~, punqti

22.6 gansazRvravs, rom `eqimma an kvalificiurma

meddam unda moiTxovos sakvebi racionis

Secvla konkretuli patimrisaTvis, rodesac es

samedicino mosazrebiT saWiroa~.

rac Seexeba damatebiT sakvebs, amanaTiT

SeuZliaT miiRon xili da wvenebi, danarCeni

produqtebis SeZena SeuZliaT adgilobriv

maRaziebSi, rac bevr maTgans ar xelewifeba,

radganac ar aqvs iseTi ojaxuri mdgomareoba,

rom ojaxis wevrebma SeZlon mis angariSze

Tanxis gadmoricxva. msjavrdebulebi yvelaze

aRSfoTebiT gamoxatavdnen protests imis gamo,

rom arc amanaTiT da arc maRaziaSi ar iyideba

kitri, pamidori, yava da Cai, rac aikrZala

sityvieri miTiTebiT da am akrZalvasTan

dakavSirebiT brZaneba ar arsebobs. yavis da

Cais akrZalvas Zalian mtkivneulad gamoxatavda

yoveli maTgani. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi

saxis akrZalvebi anketirebis periodisaTvis

sxva sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi ar

SeiniSneboda, aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom es

akrZalvebi ar ganixileba `patimrobis Sesaxeb~

saqarTvelos kanoniT.

9 ix. Tavi `samedicino momsaxureba”. eqimTan interviu

Catarda 2008 wlis 10 ivliss.

32

samedicino momsaxureba

samedicino momsaxurebas respondentebi

sxvadasxvagvarad afaseben. rigi

respondentebisa mas afasebs

damakmayofileblad, rigi - saSualod da rigi

ki – cudad, kerZod, eqims miRebis dReebi ar

aqvs, magram gamoZaxebis SemTxvevaSi isini

cxaddebian uproblemod, an morige

TanamSromels Cahyavs eqimTan is msjavrdebuli,

romelsac raime Civilebi aqvs.

personalis momsaxurebas isini dadebiTad

afaseben. rac Seexeba medikamentebiT

momaragebas, yoveli gamokiTxuli piri

aRniSnavs, rom is ar aris damakmayofilebeli,

xSir SemTxvevaSi eqimebs ar aqvT saWiro

medikamenti da misi motana msjavrdebulis

ojaxis wevrebs uwevT.

gansakuTrebul problemad stomatologiuri

momsaxureba gamoikveTa, kerZod, dawesebulebas

hyavs stomatologi, romelsac ar aqvs e. w.

`bormanqana~. msjavrdebulebma aRniSnes, rom

maT im kbilis amoReba uwevT, romelic ar aris

amosaRebi, radgan misi mkurnaloba

SeuZlebelia. xelsawyoebis nakleboba aseve

problemad iqna dasaxelebuli cixis eqimis

mier10.

10 interviu cixis eqimTan Catarda 2008 wlis 10 ivliss.

33

gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri

standartuli wesebis samedicino momsaxurebis

TavSi, 22-e muxlis (2) da (3) punqtebSi

aRniSnulia, rom (2) `cixis saavadmyofoebs unda

hqondeT Sesabamisi samedicino

momsaxurebisaTvis da maTi mkurnalobisaTvis

saWiro danadgarebi, preparatebi da

medikamentebi, agreTve unda hyavdeT sakmarisad

kvalificiuri personali. (3) TiToeul patimars

unda hqondes imis SesaZlebloba, rom

isargeblos kvalificiuri samedicino

momsaxurebiT~.

rac Seexeba dawesebulebis gareT

saavadmyofoSi gadayvanas, #6 sapyrobileSi

ganTavsebul uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil

pirTagan, mxolod erTi msjavrdebuli iqna

gadayvanili, romelsac gaukeTda operacia, sxva

precendenti ar yofila11. erT-erTma

respondentma aRniSna, rom `piradi eqimis

Semoyvanis problemaa, SesaZlebelia marto

sistemis eqimis gamoZaxeba~.

#6 sapyrobilis mTavarma eqimma intervius

dros aRniSna, rom msjavrdebulTa

janmrTelobis mdgomareoba stabiluria,

fsiqikuri garTulebebiT aris mxolod erTi

patimari, erTi daavadebulia tuberkuloziT,

romelmac mkurnalobis kursi gaiara, erTs

11 interviu cixis eqimTan Catarda 2008 wlis 10 ivliss.

34

gaukeTda qirurgiuli operacia da gadayvanil

iqna qalaqis saavadmyofoSi, erT msjavrdebuls

aqvs diabeti da mowmdeba sistematurad, Tumca

mocemulma msjavrdebulma intervius dros

aRniSna, rom ar aris ayvanili aRricxvaze

rogorc daavadebuli da ar eZleva dieturi

sakvebi, rac ewinaaRmdegeba eqimis ganmartebas.

#5 dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis ganmartebiT,

samedicino momsaxureba aris 24-saaTiani da

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, maTi gadayvana moxdeba

farTo profilis qalaqis saavadmyofoSi.

sanitarul-higienur mdgomareobas

respondentebi dadebiTad afaseben, Tumca erT-

erTma respondentma aRniSna, rom `sasmeli

wyali uvargisia, ikeTebs naleqs da Smordeba~.

yvela gamokiTxulma pirma aRniSna, rom

Semoyvanis dros samedicino Semowmeba ar

gauvlia, man gaiara mxolod garegani

daTvaliereba. erT-erTi respondentis

ganmartebiT, mas sapyrobileSi Seyvanis dros

aReniSneboda sxeulis sxvadasxva saxis

dazianebebi, romelic ar dafiqsirebula.

reJimis samsaxuris ufrosis ganmartebiT,

Semoyvanisas msjavrdebulebi gadian samedicino

Semowmebas da aseve ecnobian ufleba-

movaleobebs. operatiuli morige ukiTxavs

uflebebs da awerinebs xels, Tu aqvs survili,

SeuZlia TviTon waikiTxos, aRniSnul faqts ar

35

adastureben #6 sapyrobilis msjavrdebulebi.

rac Seexeba #5 dawesebulebas, direqtoris

ganmartebiT, msjavrdebulebs SemoyvanisTanave

ecnobaT TavianTi ufleba-movaleobebi,

romelic aseve gamokrulia maT saknebSi. aseve

msjavrdebuls konsultaciis mizniT xvdeba

socialuri muSaki, fsiqologi da utardebaT

samedicino Semowmeba.

kavSiri gare samyarosTan

ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedris SesaZlebloba

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs eZlevaT

weliwadSi oTxjer, 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT.

erT-erTma respondentma aRniSna, rom es dro

Semoifargleba 45 wuTiT. ojaxis wevrebTan

Sexvedrebis problemas respondentebi 4

konteqstSi ganixilaven:

a) Sexvedra xdeba tixaris meSveobiT, rac

absoluturad miuReblad miaCniaT. erT-erTma

respondentma Sexvedris procesi aRwera

Semdegnairad: `ar gvaqvs uSualo kontaqti

ojaxis wevrebTan, radgan Cvens Soris minis

kedelia~;

b) msjavrdebulTa absoluturi

umravlesoba grZelvadiani paemnis akrZalvas

mwvaved ganicdis da aRniSnavs, rom

faqtobrivad es procesi gaxda safuZveli maTi

ojaxebis dangrevis, an maTi ganmartebiT, Tu

36

dRes es ar momxdara, uaxloes momavalSi

aucileblad moxdeba;

g) Sexvedraze dasaSveb pirTa SezRudva,

rac imas niSnavs, rom es adamianebi verasdros

Sexvdebian iseT axlo naTesavebs, rogoricaa

deida, mamida, biZa, biZaSvili da a.S.;

d) bolos ki, gansakuTrebulad xazi gaesva

2007 wels kanonSi Sesul cvlilebas (2006 17 10,

#3630), romlis Tanaxmadac msjavrdebulis

paemnis Sesaxeb administracias unda ecnobos 5

samuSao dRiT adre, rac problemas uqmnis

Soridan Sexvedraze mosul pirebs, romlebsac

ar aqvT SesaZlebloba 5 dReSi orjer

Camovidnen sasjelis moxdis adgilze, rac

problemas uqmnis maT rogorc ekonomikurad,

aseve fizikurad.

evropuli cixis wesebi ganmartavs, rom punqti -

24.4 `paemnebis organizacia ise unda

ganxorcieldes, rom saSualeba mieceT

patimrebs SeinarCunon da ganaviTaron ojaxuri

urTierTobebi SeZlebisdagvarad normalur

garemoSi~, rasac mkveTrad ewinaaRmdegeba

ojaxTan SesaZlo urTierTobis arsebuli

sistema, rac garda imisa, rom aris xarvezi

praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli wesebis mixedviT, aseve

igi warmoadgens `patimrobis Sesaxeb~

saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonis xarvezs,

romelSic 2006 wels Setanilma cvlilebebma

37

mkveTrad gaamkacra, SezRuda da gaarTula

msjavrdebulebis ojaxTan kontaqtis

SesaZlebloba.

administraciis gamokiTxul warmomadgenelTa

azri sxvadasxvagvaria msjavrdebulis paemanTan

mimarTebiT, kerZod, Tavmjdomaris moadgile

socialur sakiTxebSi ganmartavs, rom

moklevadiani paemnebi tixaris meSveobiT xdeba,

raTa msjavrdebulebma SeigrZnon maT mier

Cadenili danaSaulis mTeli simZime, rac

Seexeba grZelvadian paemnebs, igi ganmartavs,

rom grZelvadiani paemnebi kargi meqanizmia

cixis marTvisaTvis, magram Tu menejmenti ar

aris awyobili, anu aris korufciis albaToba,

aseT SemTxvevaSi, iqneba rTuli, amdenad ar

aris momxre grZelvadiani paemnebisa.

sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis socialuri

samsaxuris xelmZRvanelis ganmartebiT,

Sexvedris pirobebi unda iyos gansxvavebuli

tixariT da tixars miRma administracias unda

mieces saSualeba msjavrdebulis qcevis

mixedviT gansazRvros romeli tipis paemani

hqondes mas, xolo rac Seexeba grZelvadiani

paemnebis akrZalvas, igi ganmartavs, rom

grZelvadiani Sexvedrebis akrZalva

gamowveulia akrZaluli nivTebis gadacemis

prevenciis mizniT.

38

sapyrobilis direqtori aRniSnavs, rom

Sexvedra ojaxis wevrebTan uwevT weliwadSi

oTxjer. Sexvedris akrZalvis SemTxveva ar

yofila, direqtors ufleba aqvs misces erTi

damatebiTi paemani, romelic gamoiyeneba.

msjavrdebulebi ar gamoTqvamen pretenzias im

gareSe pirebis SexvedrasTan dakavSirebiT,

romelic gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT, kerZod,

advokati, religiis warmomadgeneli, saxalxo

damcvelis warmomadgeneli. Tumca erT-erTma

respondentma, romelic iyo somexi erovnebis,

aRniSna, rom ar hqonia SemTxveva Sexvedroda

Tavisi religiis warmomadgenels.

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebs

ar gaaCniaT telefoniT sargeblobis problema,

anu #6 sapyrobileSiEmyof pirebs telefoniT

sargebloba SeuZliaT yovel meore dRes 15-15

wuTiT, Tumca msjavrdebulebi aRniSnaven, rom

15 wuTi ar aris sakmarisi dro. rac Seexeba

qalTa dawesebulebas, uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebs

telefoniT sargeblobis problema ar gaaCniaT.

presisa da sainformacio saSualebebis

xelmisawvdomoba msjavrdebulebs met-naklebad

gaaCniaT, anu yvela sakanSi, rogorc qalebs,

aseve mamakac msjavrdebulebs aqvT televizori

da xeli miuwvdebaT presis saSualebebze im

SemTxevaSi, Tu maT moutanen ojaxis wevrebi,

39

xolo rac Seexeba radios, ar gaaCniaT. orive

dawesebulebaSi funqcionirebs biblioTeka,

romelic xelmisawvdomia msjavrdebulTaTvis.

gancxadebebi da saCivrebi

respondentebis umravlesoba aRniSnavs, rom

gancxadebebisa da saCivrebis gagzavnis

SesaZlebloba aris da am mxriv problema ar

yofila arc qalTa #5 dawesebulebasa da arc

#6 sapyrobileSi. umravlesobis pasuxi iyo -

`aris gagzavnis SesaZlebloba~ da yoveli

maTgani aRniSnavda, rom gancxadebebi da

saCivrebi igzavneba socialuri samsaxuris

warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT. Tumca am sferoSi

gamoikveTa gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi, kerZod,

orma msjavrdebulma mamakacma aRniSna, rom

`realurad ar igzavneba, Tu administracias

exeba~, `saCivrebis miReba da gagzavna xdeba

kviraSi erTxel, rac aradamakmayofilebelia,

xSir SemTxvevaSi kontaqts ver vamyarebT

socialuri samsaxuris muSakebTan, radgan

kontroliorebi ar eZaxian~12. rac Seexeba

msjavrdebul qalebs, maT ar dausaxelebiaT

aRniSnul TemasTan dakavSirebuli raime

problema #5 dawesebulebaSi, Tumca maT mier

12 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi `patimrebis

mopyrobis” Sesaxeb, wesi 36(1).

40

dasaxelebuli aqtualuri problema exeboda #2

sapyrobileSi maTi yofnis periods, sadac

aRniSnavdnen, rom `xdeboda fsiqologiuri

zewola, gancxadebebi korpuss gareT ar

gadioda~.

#6 sapyrobilidan gancxadebebisa da saCivrebis

kviraSi erTxel gagzavnis faqts adasturebs

dawesebulebis administraciac.

msjavrdebulTa absoluturma umravlesobam

daafiqsira, rom yovel maTgans gasaCivrebuli

hqonda sasamarTlo ganaCeni, Tumca pasuxi iyo

erTi da igive `adekvaturi pasuxi ar mimiRia~.

personalTan urTierToba

personalTan urTierTobas da maTi mxridan

mopyrobas #5 dawesebulebasa da #6

sapyrobileSi myofi pirebi dadebiTad

axasiaTeben. isini aRniSnaven, rom maT xSiri

Sexeba aqvT personalTan, urTierToba

normaluria da problemebiT ar xasiaTdeba.

Tumca, aq aRsaniSnavia qali

msjavrdebulebisadmi #2 sapyrobileSi yofnis

procesSi maTdami mopyroba da damokidebuleba.

orive maTgani aRniSnavs, rom isini

ganTavsebuli iyvnen ara im ganyofilebaSi,

sadac arian patimari qalebi, aramed

ganyofilebaSi, sadac xorcieldeba programa

`atlantisi~ da sadac msjavrdebulebi,

romlebic programas gadian, arian mamakacebi da

41

personalic ZiriTadad mamakacebi arian,

aRniSnaven rom imyofebodnen `fsiqologiuri

zewolisa da SiSis qveS, 6 Tve ar gauyvaniaT

abanoSi~, erT-erTi maTgani ganTavsebuli iyo

sakanSi fsiqikurad daavadebul

msjavrdebulTan erTad.

gamokiTxuli msjavrdebulebi ar afiqsireben

personalTan urTierTobaSi raime problemas,

ramac SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos maT

urTierTobas, Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom arc erT

dawesebulebaSi, sadac aseTi kategoriis

msjavrdebulebi arian ganTavsebuli, ar hyavT

specialurad momzadebuli personali13.

personalis sakiTxs gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

daeTmo dawesebulebebis administraciasTan

interviurebis dros.

#5 dawesebulebis direqtoris ganmartebiT,

`personalis SerCeva konkretulad am

kategoriis msjavrdebulebTan samuSaod ar

xdeba, maT emsaxurebian Cveulebriv sapyrobilis

TanamSromlebi, romlebic raime

gansakuTrebuli saxis momzadebas ar gadian.

urTierToba msjavrdebulebsa da personals

Soris normaluria, maT raime SezRuduli an

daZabuli urTierToba ar aqvT~.

13 interviu #5 sapyrobilis administraciasTan, 2008 wlis

ivlisi.

42

analogiur ganmartebas iZleva #6 sapyrobilis

administracia: `calke gamoyofili personali,

romelic uvadoebTan muSaobs, aseTi kategoria

ar aris, eseni arian Cveulebrivi reJimis da

usafrTxoebis TanamSromlebi. personalis

SerCeva xdeba adgilze administraciis mier,

ufro sworad, saukeTeso kadrebi irCeva

arsebulidan da maTi mimagreba xdeba mocemul

kategoriasTan, TanamSromlebi irCevian

namsaxurobis, Tvisebebis, xasiaTis mixedviT,

unda icodes maTTan muSaoba. personalsa da

msjavrdebulebs Soris urTierToba

normaluria da raime seriozul dapirispirebas

adgili ar hqonia~.

Sewyaleba da sasjelis moxdisagan vadamde

adre gaTavisuflebis SesaZlebloba

yvela gamokiTxulma respondentma icoda, rom

msjavrdebuls, romelsac sasamarTlos mier

miesaja sasjeli uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT,

aqvs ufleba mimarTos prezidents Sewyalebis

moTxovniT, an gaTavisuflebul iyos sasjelis

moxdisagan vadamde adre. Tumca mxolod

ramdenime respondentma icoda, rom vadamde

adre gaTavisuflebis SesaZlebloba maT

SeiZleba hqondeT sasjelis aranakleb 25 wlis

moxdis Semdeg. respondentebis pasuxebi

mocemul SekiTxvaze iyo Semdegi: `Cemi versiiT,

Sewyaleba - 15 weliwadSi, vadaze adre

gaTavisufleba - 25 weliwadSi~, pirvel

43

versiasTan dakavSirebiT aqve ganmartavs, rom 15

weli sakmarisi droa da meti saWiro ar aris;

Semdegi pasuxi `15-20 weli~; `Sewyalebaze

gagzavnis ufleba - 20-25 weliwadSi~, pasuxebi

am ukanasknel kiTxvaze, xSir SemTxvevebSi

rekomendaciis saxesac iRebs da isini uTiTeben

sakuTar versiebs, Tu ramden xanSi unda moxdes

aseTi kategoriis msjavrdebulebis saqmeebis

gadaxedva, radganac droTa ganmavlobaSi am

msjavrdebulebis sazogadoebrivad saSiSi

xasiaTi klebulobs. magaliTad:

`msjavrdebulebs unda hqondeT yovel 5

weliwadSi saqmeebis gadaxedvis moTxovnis

ufleba~, an `saqmeebis gadaxedvis saWiroeba

yovel 10 weliwadSi~. rac Seexeba

msjavrdebulebs, romlebmac ar icodnen maTi am

uflebebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, aRniSnavdnen, rom

ar gaacnes maT Tavisi ufleba-movaleobebi.

SekiTxvaze, Tu rogor fiqroben es adamianebi,

Tu ra vadaSi iqneboda mizanSewonili sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis gadaxedva

msjavrdebulTaTvis sasjelis Semsubuqebis

mizniT, pasuxebi araerTgvarovani iyo rogorc

msjavrdebulTa mxridan, aseve personalis

mxridanac. aRsaniSnavia mosamarTlis14 azri,

interviurebisas dasmul SekiTxvaze man

ganmarta, rom sasjelis Semsubuqebaze fiqri 10

14 uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTle, levan murusiZe.

mosamarTlesTan interviu Catarda 2008 wlis agvistoSi.

44

wlis Semdeg iqneboda mizanSeuwoneli im

adamianebis mimarT, romlebmac gansakuTrebiT

mZime danaSauli Caidines, Tumca SesaZlebelia

es iyos 15 weli, magram aqve kanonSi unda

ganisazRvros vis mieniWeba es uflebamosileba

(sasamarTlo, sasjelaRsrulebis departamenti

da a.S.).

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis

administraciis midgomac mocemuli

sakiTxisadmi iyo araerTgvarovani, SekiTxvaze _

SewyalebasTan dakavSirebiT ar aris kanoniT

dadgenili Tu rodis ekuTvnis uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs Sewyaleba,

rogoria Tqveni azri da aris Tu ara

adekvaturi dro sasjelis moxdis 25-wliani

vada imisaTvis, rom pirma miiRos SeRavaTi?

departamentis Tavmjdomaris moadgile _

SewyalebebTan an sxva SeRavaTebTan

dakavSirebiT sasurvelia da misaRebi ucxoeTis

praqtika sxvadasxva dadebiTi maCveneblebis

mixedviT, magaliTad:

1. kargad muSaoba;

2. kargad swavla;

3. sxva maxasiaTeblebi, romelic aCvenebs

sasjelis moxdis periodSi aris Tu ara piri

orientirebuli gamosworebisken.

45

am monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasjelis

garkveuli vadis moxdis Semdeg, unda iyos

SesaZlebeli piri gadaiyvanon naklebad mkacri

reJimis dawesebulebaSi.

magaliTad, qalis SemTxvevaSi unda xdebodes

asakis an/da janmrTelobis mdgomareobis

gaTvaliswineba, aseve gadamwyveti unda iyos

administraciis azri am piris mimarT.

Tu saqarTveloSi Seiqmneba axali kategoriis

dawesebulebebi, am SemTxvevaSi aucileblad

unda gaiaros daxuruli tipis dawesebuleba,

SemdgomSi individualurad unda iqnes

miRebuli gadawyvetileba yovel pirze Tu

romeli reJimis dawesebulebaSi unda moxdes

piris gadayvana sasjelis mosaxdelad.

#5 dawesebulebis direqtori - `25 weli

vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis moTxovnisaTvis

Zalian bevria. maT mimarT SeRavaTis gavrceleba

saqcielis gaTvasliswinebiT, an saqmis

gadaxedviT unda xdebodes~.

#6 sapyrobilis administracia - `msjavrdebuls

Sewyalebaze mimarTvis ufleba unda hqondes,

savaraudod, sasjelis 20 wlis moxdisASemdeg

administraciis daxasiaTebis safuZvelze~.

imdenad, ramdenadac saqarTvelos

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi zogadad da

gansakuTrebiT ki, uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili

46

pirebisaTvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi

ganaTlebis, dasaqmebis da sxva saxis

sareabilitacio programebSi monawileoba,

amdenad zemoT aRniSnuli kriteriumebiT

msjavrdebulTa Sefaseba faqtobrivad

SeuZlebelia, saWiroa moiZebnos sxva

alternativebi, rac ufro moqnils gaxdis

aRniSnul pirTa mimarT SeRavaTebis

gavrcelebis sakiTxis ganxilvis

SesaZleblobas.

erovnuli kanonmdebloba da

saerTaSoriso standartebi

1999 wlis 22 ivliss sikvdiliT dasjis

sabolood gauqmebis Semdeg, SemuSavda axali

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi

Sevida 2000 wlis ivnisSi. aRniSnuli kodeqsiT

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis

sferoSi dainerga sasjelis axali zoma -

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, romelic

faqtobrivad iyo sikvdiliT dasjis

alternatiuli RonisZieba, radganac sasjelis

es zoma gamoiyeneba im danaSaulebze, romelzec

gamoiyeneboda sikvdiliT dasja, Tumca aqve

unda aRiniSnos, rom misi masStabebi mkveTrad

gaizarda da igi bevrad ufro meti

danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba vidre

sikvdiliT dasja.

47

aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom sikvdiliT dasjis

gamoyenebisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac

mosamarTles kanoni zRudavda aRniSnuli

sasjelis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, uvado

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamoyenebisas SezRudva

mosamarTlis mimarT kanoniT Zalian mcirea,

kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 51-e

muxliT `uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa~

gansazRvrulia, misi gamoyenebis standartebi:

`1. uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa SeiZleba

dainiSnos mxolod gansakuTrebiT mZime

danaSaulisaTvis; 2. uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTa ar daeniSneba imas, visac danaSaulis

Cadenamde ar Sesrulebia Tvrameti weli, an

visac ganaCenis gamotanis momentisaTvis

Seusrulda samoci weli~. axali sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT im muxlebis nusxa,

romelzec SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, Semdegia:

1. Tavi XIX – danaSauli sicocxlis

winaaRmdeg15;

2. Tavi XXIII – danaSauli adamianis

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg16;

3. Tavi XXX – danaSauli sazogadoebrivi

uSiSroebisa da wesrigis winaaRmdeg17;

15 muxli 109 `ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi~ (III nawili). 16 muxli 1432 `arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi) – cvlileba 25.07.06 #3530~ (IV nawili).

48

4. Tavi XXXIII – narkotikuli danaSauli18;

5. danaSauli saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg, Tavi

XXXVII – danaSauli saqarTvelos

konstituciuri wyobilebisa da uSiSroebis

safuZvlebis winaaRmdeg19;

6. Tavi XXXVIII - terorizmi20;

17 muxli 2272 `stacionaruli platformis marTlsawinaaRmdegod daufleba, ganadgureba an dazianeba~ (nawili III; cvlileba 25 07 06 #3542). 18 muxli 260 `narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba~ (nawili III; cvlileba 25 07 07 #3530); muxli 260 `saqarTveloSi narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanonod Semotana, saqarTvelodan ukanonod gatana an tranzitiT saerTaSoriso gadazidva~ (nawili IV; cvlileba 25. 07. 06 # 3530). 19 muxli 308 `saqarTvelos teritoriuli xelSeuxeblobis darRveva~ (nawili II; cvlileba 2804 06 #2937); muxli 318 `sabotaJi~ (nawili III; cvlileba 28 04 06 #2937). 20 muxli 323 `teroristuli aqti~ (nawili III; cvlileba

25. 07. 06 #3530 ); muxli 324 `teqnologiuri terorizmi~

(nawili II; cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3542); muxli 3241

`kiberterorizmi~ (nawili II; cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530);

muxli 325 `saqarTvelos politikuri Tanamdebobis pirze

Tavdasxma~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530); muxli 326

`saerTaSoriso dacvis mosargeble pirze an

dawesebulebaze Tavdasxma~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530);

muxli 330 `strategiuli an gansakuTrebuli

mniSvnelobis obieqtebis xelSi Cagdeba an blokireba

teroristuli mizniT~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530); muxli

3311 `terorizmis dafinanseba~ (cvlileba 25. 07. 06 #3530).

49

7. danaSauli kacobriobis winaaRmdeg, Tavi

XI.VII - danaSauli kacobriobis mSvidobis,

uSiSroebisa da saerTaSoriso humanitaruli

samarTlis winaaRmdeg21.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba

gansazRvravs garkveul normebs, romlebic

adgens SezRudvebs samarTalwarmoebis

sxvadasxva etapze, kerZod, 81-e muxlis,

ìZulebiTi dacva~, Tanaxmad, procesis

mwarmoebel organos ekrZaleba eWvmitanilis,

braldebulis, gansasjelis uari damcvelis

daniSvnaze Tu: punqti d) eWvmitanils,

braldebuls, gansasjels Cadenili aqvs iseTi

danaSauli, romlisTvisac SeiZleba sasjelad

dainiSnos uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

muxli 284 `braldebis wayeneba~, adgens

prokuroris monawileobas dakiTxvis procesSi,

kerZod, nawili 3. `... im pirTa saqmeebze,

romelTac SeiZleba daeniSnoT uvado

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, agreTve, Tu

braldebuli an misi warmomadgeneli

21 muxli 404 àgresiuli omis momzadeba an warmoeba~

(nawili II; cvlileba 28 04 06 #2937); muxli 407

`genocidi~ (cvlileba 28 04 06 #2937); muxli 408

`danaSauli adamianurobis winaaRmdeg~ (cvlileba 28 04

06 #2937); muxli 409 èkocidi~ (nawili II; cvlileba 28 04

06 #2937); muxli 411 `saerTaSoriso humanitaruli

samarTlis normebis ganzrax darRveva SeiaraRebuli

konfliqtis dros~ (nawili II).

50

Suamdgomloben, prokuroris monawileoba

dakiTxvaSi savaldebuloa~ (cvlileba 16 12 2005

#2265).

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba

krZalavs sasamarTlo gamoZiebis gauqmebis,

Sekvecis an gagrZelebis sakiTxis gadawyvetas,

kerZod, 473-e muxlis me-4 nawili adgens:

`sasamarTlo gamoZiebis gauqmeba, Sekveca

dauSvebelia, Tu gansasjels ar Sesrulebia 16

weli, fsiqikuri nakli aqvs an bralad edeba

iseTi danaSaulis Cadena, romlisTvisac

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

gaTvaliswinebulia sasjelis saxiT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 15 welze meti vadiT an

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.....~; aseve

saproceso kanonmdebloba uwesebs SezRudvas

mosamarTleebs gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros,

kerZod, muxli 500 `mosamarTleTa YTaTbirisa

da saqmis calkeul sakiTxebze

gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis wesi~, nawili me-4:

`sakiTxi wydeba xmaTa ubralo umravlesobiT.

gadawyvetileba sasjelis zomad uvado

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvnis Sesaxeb

mosamarTleebma SeiZleba miiRon mxolod

erTxmad~.

`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos

kanomdebloba gansazRvravs uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulTa

sasjelis moxdis adgilas ganTavsebisa da

51

sasjelis moxdis pirobebs. aqve aRsaniSnavia,

rom kanonmdebloba Zalian mokled da mSralad

gansazRvravs uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil

msjavrdebulTa yofnis pirobebs, romelic

mxolod moiazrebs Tu sad unda moTavsdnen am

kategoriis msjavrdebulebi, ramdeni paemani

ekuTvniT da ra saxis disciplinuri sasjeli

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes maT mimarT,

miuxedavad maT mimarT gamoyenebuli sasjelis

simZimisa da gansakuTrebuli xasiaTisa

(xangrZlivobisa).

amasTan, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas,

rom es msjavrdebulebi kanonis Tanaxmad

Tavsdebian sxva kategoriis

msjavrdebulebisagan izolirebulad da aseve

awesebs specialur standarts maTTan

kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad kerZod

mocemuli kanoni muxli 77 `uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrdebulebis yofnis

Taviseburebani~ pirveli nawili gansazRvravs

Tu ra pirobebSi unda moTavsdnen uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi, `1. uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebs

amyofeben sadReRamiso dakavebis saknebSi, sadac

SesaZlebelia mudmivi vizualuri kontroli~,

rac aSkarad usvams xazs aseTi kategoriis

msjavrdebulTa kanonis mixedviT

gansakuTrebul kategoriad ganxilvas,

miuxedavad amisa kanoni ar ganmartavs maT

yofnis pirobebs, gare samyarosTan

52

urTierTobas, reabilitaciis, ganaTlebisa da

dasaqmebis SesaZleblobas, samedicino

momsaxurebis Taviseburebebs da a.S.

aseve mwiria im debulebis standartebi,

romelic aregulirebs sapyrobilis muSaobis

Taviseburebebs, anu im dawesebulebis muSaobis

specifikas, romlis erT-erT danayofSi unda

moTavsdnen uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili

msjavrdebulebi. Tu CavTvliT, rom garda im

standartebisa, romelic kanonSi gamoyofilad

aris aRwerili sxva yvela ufleba da pirobebi

analogiuria sxva msjavrdebulebis pirobebisa,

rac kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil realur

mdgomareobas ar Seesabameba, aseT SemTxvevaSic

kanonmdeblobis analizi da misi Sedareba

saerTaSoriso standartebTan, kerZod ki,

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 2006

wlis 11 ianvars miRebul `cixis penitenciur

wesebTan~ da gaerTianebuli erebis

organizaciis mier 1955 wels miRebul

`patimrebTan mopyrobis minimalur standartul

wesebTan~, gvaZlevs mniSvnelovan Seusabamobas.

ganTavseba

`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 22-e

muxli `msjavrdebulTa gancalkevebiT

moTavseba~, I nawili, romelic ganmartavs, Tu

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi vis

aTavseben calke, romlis d – qvepunqti

53

uTiTebs, rom sxva masisagan calke aTavseben

`uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTilebs~, aRniSnuli

moTxovna ewinaaRmdegeba zemoT aRniSnul

standartebs, radganac cixis penitenciuri

wesebis 18.8 punqti da minimaluri wesebis me-8

wesi, sadac ganxilulia kategoriebis mixedviT

patimarTa moTavseba, aseT diferencirebas ar

scnobs.

`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 76-e

muxli `msjavrdebulebi, romlebic sasjels

ixdian sapyrobileSi~ gansazRvravs, rom `1.

sapyrobileSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxda

Seefardeba pirs, romelic msjavrdebulia

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT...~, Tumca aq ar

aris miTiTebuli Tu sapyrobilis romeli

reJimiT unda moixadon sasjeli aseTi

kategoriis msjavrdebulebma da romeli

reJimisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi

Seesatyviseba maT yofnis pirobebs, radganac

amave kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, sapyrobile

dayofilia or reJimad - sapyrobilis saerTo

da sapyrobilis mkacri reJimi (muxli 78,

sapyrobilis reJimis saxeebi).

disciplina da sasjeli

saerTaSoriso standartebi gansazRvravs, rom

disciplinuri sasjeli unda iqnes

gamoyenebuli, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba,

aseve cixis penitenciuri wesebi adgens

54

moTxovnas, Tu ra standartebs unda

iTvaliswinebdes erovnuli kanonmdebloba,

kerZod:

`57.2 erovnuli kanonmdebloba unda

gansazRvravdes, rom:

a. patimari dauyovnebliv iyos

informirebuli im enaze, romelic gasagebia

misTvis da detalurad hqondes miwodebuli

informacia im danaSaulis Sesaxeb, romelSic

edeba brali;

b. patimars gaaCndes adekvaturi dro da

SesaZlebloba, raTa moemzados dasacavad;

g. patimari iyos uflebamosili, daicvas

Tavi TviTon an advokatis meSveobiT, rodesac

samarTlianobis interesebi amas moiTxovs;

d. patimari iyos uflebamosili moiTxovos

damswreebis daswreba da moiTxovos maTi

dakiTxva da;

e. patimars gaaCndes Tavisufali

xelmisawvdomoba Tarjimanze, Tu mas ar

SeuZlia gaigos an isaubros im enaze, romelic

gamoiyeneba sasamarTlo mosmenisas”.

aRniSnul moTxovnas ewinaaRmdegeba `patimrobis

Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 77-e muxlis me-3

nawili, sadac ganmartebulia, rom `reJimisa da

Sinaganawesis darRvevisaTvis msjavrdebuls

55

(saubaria uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirze)

SeiZleba disciplinuri sasjelis saxiT

ganesazRvros: a) sayveduri; b) safosto

gzavnilebis miRebis da gagzavnis akrZalva; g)

karcerSi moTavseba vadiT samidan oc dRemde~.

analogiurad, arasaTanadod aris ganxiluli

kanonSi disciplinuri sasjelebis gamoyenebis

wesi, zogadad, yvela msjavrdebulis mimarT

(muxli 30), sadac ar aris saubari gasaCivrebis

wesze da instanciebze, romelsac SeuZlia

mimarTos sasjeldadebulma pirma, aseve dacvis

uflebaze, TarjimniT sargeblobaze da a.S.

aRsaniSnavia, rom interviurebis dros rigi

msjavrdebulebi aRniSnavdnen, rom

disciplinuri sasjelis forma uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis mimarT aris ara

adgilze karcerSi moTavseba, aramed maTi

gadayvana #7 sapyrobileSi.

yvela saerTaSoriso standartidan da aseve

adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebidan

gansxvavdeba is instituti, romelic SemoRebul

iqna `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi

2007 wlis 29 ivniss Sesuli cvlilebiT,

romliTac kanons daemata xuTi axali muxli

(301; 302; 303; 304; 305). aRniSnulma cvlilebam

SemoiRo administraciuli patimrobis

instituti, romelic msjavrdebuls

SesaZlebelia daekisros 90 dRemde vadiT da es

vada ar Sedis sasjelis moxdis saerTo vadaSi,

56

anu is sasamarTlo ganaCeniT dadgenil

sasjels emateba.

sayofacxovrebo pirobebi

sayofacxovrebo pirobebis nawilSi uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTaAyofnis pirobebi

calke ganxiluli ar aris, amasTan saerTo

standartebiT gaTvaliswinebuli normebic ar

Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs, kerZod,

muxli 33, nawili 4: `sacxovrebel sadgoms unda

hqondes fanjara, romelic uzrunvelyobs

bunebriv ganaTebas da ventilacias~, Tumca aq

ar aris miTiTebuli Tu ra moTxovnebs unda

akmayofilebdes es ganaTeba da ventilacia,

rogorc es ganxilulia minimalur wesebSi,

kerZod, wesi 11 - (a) fanjrebi unda iyos

sakmarisi zomis imisaTvis, rom patimrebs

SeeZloT kiTxva da muSaoba dRis sinaTleze da

unda iyos ise konstruirebuli, rom

uzrunvelyos sufTa haeris miwodeba imisda

miuxedavad, arsebobs Tu ara ventilaciis

xelovnuri sistema.

kontaqti gare samyarosTan

evropuli cixis wesebi gansazRvravs

msjavrdebulis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis

Semdeg standartebs:

57

`24.4 paemnebis organizacia ise unda

ganxorcieldes, rom saSualeba mieceT

patimrebs SeinarCunon da ganaviTaron ojaxuri

urTierTobebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, normalur

garemoSi. 24.5 cixis administracia unda

daexmaros patimrebs gare samyarosTan

adekvaturi kontaqtis SenarCunebaSi da unda

uzrunvelyos isini Sesabamisi mxardaWeriT~.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobas,

uTiTebs, rom `uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil

msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs wlis ganmavlobaSi

hqondes ara umetes oTxi paemnisa (cvlileba 28.

04. 2006)~.

aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom paemnis xangrZlivoba ar

unda aRematebodes 1 saaTs, paemnis Sesaxeb

Txovna paemanze mosulma pirma administracias

unda acnobos 5 dRiT adre. aRniSnuli

standartebi ara Tu xels uwyobs

msjavrdebulisa da ojaxis urTierTobas,

aramed piriqiT xels uwyobs am urTierTobebis

moSlas. aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia arsebuli

praqtika, rom msjavrdebulebi ojaxis wevrebs

xvdebian gadatixrul oTaxSi, sadac maT

pirdapiri kontaqtis SesaZlebloba ar aqvT.

aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonmdeblobam

mkveTrad Seamcira im pirTa wre, romelsac

ufleba aqvs Sexvdes msjavrdebuls.

`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ kanonis 48-e muxlis

`Sexvedra ojaxis wevrebTan da axlo

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naTesavebTan~ 1-li nawili gansazRvravs

Sexvedraze dasaSveb pirTa wres `meuRles,

mSobels, bebias, papas, Svils, mSvilebels,

Svilobils, das, Zmas, agreTve maT visTanac

cxovrobda da eweoda saerTo meurneobas

patimrobamde 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi~. aRniSnuli

punqti ewinaaRmdegeba minimaluri standartuli

wesebis wesi 37 moTxovnebs, romlis Tanaxmadac,

`aucilebeli zedamxedvelobis pirobebSi

patimrebs unda mieceT saSualeba, rom

mimowerisa da vizitebis saSualebiT

regularuli urTierToba iqonion ojaxebTan

da SeubRalavi reputaciis mqone megobrebTan~,

Tumca qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT, rogorc ukve

aRiniSna, absoluturad gamoricxulia

urTierToba megobrebTan da naTesavebTan,

romlebic ar Seadgenen ojaxis wevrTa wres.

samedicino momsaxureba

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs

msjavrdebulis samedicino momsaxurebis zogad

standartebs, Tumca masSi ar aris miTiTebuli

Tu ra kvalifikaciis eqimebis yofnaa

aucilebeli zogadad sasjelaRsrulebis

dawesebulebaSi da maT Soris dawesebulebebSi,

sadac imyofebian uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili

msjavrdebulebi, gansxvavebiT evropis

penitenciuri wesebis moTxovnisa, sadac

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miTiTebulia, rom sasjelaRsrulebis

dawesebulebas aucileblad unda hyavdes

fsiqiatri, stomatologi da okulisti. es

CamoTvlili mimarTulebebi absoluturad

Seesatyviseba im moTxovnebs, romelic gaaCniaT

msjavrdebulebs praqtikulad da rac

dafiqsirda interviurebis dros.

dasaqmeba da ganaTleba

`patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni ar

ganmartavs dasaSvebia Tu ara uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebisaTvis

uzrunvelyofili iyos ganaTlebis miReba da

dasaqmeba, miuxedavad sasjelis xangrZlivobisa

kanonmdebloba aseve ar ganmartavs

msjavrdebulebis sareabilitacio programebSi

CarTvis SesaZleblobas, rac mkveTrad

arTulebs aRniSnuli kategoriis

msjavrdebulebis mxridan sasjelis moxdis

procesisadmi adaptirebas da mis momzadebas

aseTi simkacris sasjelis mosaxdelad.

rekomendaciebi

zemoT warmodgenil informaciaze dayrdnobiT,

kvleviTi jgufis rekomendaciebi Semdegia:

1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

saproceso kodeqsSi naTlad unda iqnes

gansazRvruli im piris yvela instanciis

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sasamarTlo procesze daswrebis ufleba,

romelsac SeiZleba miesajos uvado

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, raTa am pirs mieces

saSualeba efeqturad daicvas Tavi22;

2. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi

(,,patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni), ar

arsebobs calke Tavi, romelic gansazRvravs

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebisTvis

sasjelis moxdis pirobebs: sasjelis moxdis

reJimi, sacxovrebeli farTi, sacxovrebeli

farTis mowyoba da sxva sacxovrebeli pirobebi,

saknis mdgomareoba da mowyobilobebi. Cven

gTavazobT am yvelafris kanonSi

gaTvaliswinebas da gansazRvras. es

mniSvnelovania, raTa uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebisaTvis Seiqmnas

efeqturi garemo sasjelis mosaxdelad23;

22 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 76; saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb, muxli 14; saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 558; evropuli konvencia adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, muxli 6(1). 23 Recommendation Rec(2003)23; §4; §21; Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers; cixis cxovreba unda iqnes mowyobili ise, rom igi SeZlebisdagvarad maqsimalurad miuaxlovdes sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sinamdvileebs (normalizaciis principi); fizikuri, inteleqtualuri da emociuri stimulaciisaTvis Sesaferisi materialuri mdgomareobisa da SesaZleblobebis SeTavazeba; cixis Senobis, avejisa da dekoraciis sasiamovno da praqtikuli dizainis Seqmna.

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3. mizanSewonili iqneba, Seicvalos

penitenciuri dawesebulebebis infrastruqtura,

sadac uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi

arian ganTavsebuli da igi unda moewyos ise,

rom iyos Sesaferisi grZelvadiani sasjelis

mosaxdelad24;

4. Seiqmnas sistematuri da moqnili

meqanizmi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil

patimarTa saqmeebis gansaxilvelad,

privilegiebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobisa da

reJimis Secvlis mizniT25;

5. gaumjobesdes #6 dawesebulebaSi uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa sacxovrebeli

saknebis ganaTeba da ventilacia (rogorc

bunebrivi, ise xelovnuri) ise, rom safrTxe ar

eqmnebodes msjavrdebulTa janmrTelobas26;

6. ganxilul iqnes uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT msjavrdebul pirTaTvis grZelvadiani

paemnebis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi da moewyos

24 minimaluri standartuli wesebi patimarTa mopyrobis Sesaxeb, nawili 2, wesi 60(1) – ,,dawesebulebis reJimma unda Seamciros gansxvaveba cixeSi cxovrebasa da Tavisuflebaze cxovrebas Soris, romelic amcirebs patimrebis pasuxismgeblobas an maTi, rogorc adamianebis Rirsebis pativiscemas”. 25 Recommendation Rec(2003)23, Committee of Ministers, paragraph 11 ‐ ,,ganaCenis dagegmva unda daiwyos, rac SeiZleba adre, cixeSi Sesvlis Semdgom, ganxilul iqnes garkveuli intervalebiT da Seicvalos saWiroebisamebr~. 26 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi ,,patimrebis mopyrobis” Sesaxeb, wesi 11 (a da b).

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infrastruqtura aseTi tipis paemnebis

uzrunvelsayofad27;

7. uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis

kvebis racionSi gaTvaliswinebul iqnes

dieturi kveba samedicino personalis mier

Catarebuli saWiroebebis kvlevis Sedegebis

gaTvaliswinebiT28;

8. prezidentisadmi Sewyalebis moTxovna

xelmisawvdomi gaxdes uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirisaTvis manam, sanam

igi moixdis sasjelis 25 wels, rogorc es

Sewyalebis Sesaxeb mimdinare brZanebulebiT

aris daregulirebuli29;

9. uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTaTvis

im minimaluri vadis (25 weli) Semcireba,

romlis Semdgomac SesaZlebelia pirobiT

vadaze adre gaTavisuflebis gavrceleba;

27 evropuli cixis wesebis 24.4 Tavi ambobs: paemnebi unda moewyos ise, rom patimars mieces saSualeba SeinarCunos da ganaviTaros saojaxo urTierTobebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, normalurad; Recommendation Rec(2003)23, Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers – werilebi, satelefono zarebi da paemnebi unda iqnes maqsimaluri xSiri, piradi da ganmartoebuli. 28 ,,samedicino praqtikantma an kvalificiurma meddam unda miuTiTos konkretuli patimris kvebis racionSi dieturi sakvebis samedicino TvalsazrisiT saWiroebis Sesaxeb~. 29 prezidentis brZanebuleba Sewyalebis gamoyenebis wesis Sesaxeb #277, 2004 wlis 19 ivlisi.

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10. #6 sapyrobilis administraciis

mier zomebis miReba, raTa Seiqmnas uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis ganacxadebisa

da saCivrebis miRebisa da gagzavnis

yoveldRiuri meqanizmi30;

11. Seswavlil iqnes #2 sapyrobileSi

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTis mqone pirTa

ganTavsebis mdgomareoba da mopyrobis pirobebi;

12. penitenciuri sistemis

dawesebulebebSi dainergos uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa sareabilitacio

da saganmanaTleblo programebSi CarTvis

praqtika31;

13. moewyos dasaqmebis obieqtebi, sadac

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs eqnebaT

30 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi patimarTa

mopyrobis Sesaxeb, wesi 36(1) - ,,TiToeul patimars unda

hqondes SesaZlebloba, kviris nebismier dRes mimarTos

TxovniT an saCivriT dawesebulebis direqtors an

oficers, romelic uflebamosilia warmoadginos igi~.

31 evropuli cixis wesebi, wesi 106 – ganaTlebis sistematuri programa, unarebis gavarjiSebis CaTvliT, patimrebis zogadi ganaTlebis donis gaumjobesebis da aseve maT mier pasuxismgeblobiT da danaSaulisgan Tavisufali cxovrebis warmarTvis mizniT, unda iyos msjavrdebulTa reJimis sakvanZo nawili. yvela msjavrdebuli unda iqnes waxalisebuli, monawileoba miiRon saganmanaTleblo da mosamzadebel programebSi; patimarTaTvis gankuTvnili saganmanaTleblo programebi unda moergos maTi sapyrobileSi darCenis savaraudo periodis xangrZlivobas.

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muSaobis SesaZlebloba anazRaurebadi

samuSaoTi32;

14. uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili

pirebis saseirno ezoebi moewyos ise, rom maT

hqondeT varjiSisa da fizikur aqtivobebSi

monawileobis SesaZlebloba33;

15. gaumjobesdes samedicino

momsaxurebis done, samedicino samsaxurebis

medikamentebiT momarageba da Sesabamisi

aparaturiT aRWurva. aseve, ganxilul iqnes

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa samkurnalo

dawesebulebaSi gadayvanis moqnili meqanizmis

Seqmna da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi piradi eqimis

an msjavrdebulis an misi ojaxis mier

mowveuli eqim-specialistis mowvevis sakiTxi34;

32 Recommendation Rec(2003)23; §10; Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers; - monawileoba samuSao, saganmanaTleblo, mosamzadebel da sxva RonisZiebebSi, romlebic hqmnian sapyrobileSi drois mizanmimarTulad gamoyenebis saSualebas da zrdian gaTavisuflebis Semdeg cxovrebis warmatebulad gagrZelebis Sansebs. 33 evropuli cixis wesebi - ,,varjiSi da dasveneba~, 27 (3-4) - ,,saTanadod organizebuli RonisZiebebi, romelic xels uwyobs sijansaRes da uzrunvelyofs fizikur varjiSsa da dasvenebas, unda warmoadgendes reJimis ganuyofel nawils~; ,,sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis xelmZRvaneloba xels unda uwyobdes msgavs RonisZiebebs Sesabamisi aRWurvilobisa Tu bazis uzrunvelyofis meSveobiT~. 34 gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi ,,patimrebis mopyrobis” Sesaxeb – wesi 22 (2-3).

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16. grZelvadian da uvado

TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebTan momuSave

personalma unda gaiaros specialuri

momzadeba, romelic saWiroa maTi movaleobebis

xarisxianad Sesasruleblad, radgan maT uwevT

garkveul sirTuleebTan SeWideba35.

angariSi moamzada:

maia (zoia) xasiam

35 Recommendation Rec(2003)23; §37.a.; Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers.

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