Utilizing a Spring as a Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic Regenerative Kinetic Regenerative

Braking System in Braking System in VehiclesVehicles

Eugene LeeEugene Lee

Modern engines are excessively largeModern engines are excessively large

http://www.mfe.govt.nz/environmental-reporting/report-cards/transport/2009/images/figure-8.jpg

NeedNeedEngine Sizes from 2000-2007Graph 1

(Martinez et al, 2008)

•Domestic Transport produced 10% of total Domestic Transport produced 10% of total emission in Europe during 2004emission in Europe during 2004

Diagram 1

Regenerative BrakingRegenerative Braking Mostly electrical systems in useMostly electrical systems in use

Conversion lossesConversion losses

Regenerative BrakingRegenerative Braking Kinetic energy recovery systems do Kinetic energy recovery systems do

not suffer from electrical losses not suffer from electrical losses

Flywheel, Hydraulic, Spring systemsFlywheel, Hydraulic, Spring systems

Vex RoboticsVex Robotics Vex Robots will be used to simulate a Vex Robots will be used to simulate a

vehiclevehicle

Example of programming setupExample of programming setup

Model Design PlanModel Design Plan

Motor

Motor Motor

Wheels

Wheels

Vex RobotBatteryBattery

RatchetRatchet

Spring Spring Activator Activator MotorMotor

Rubber dots act Rubber dots act as Face Gearsas Face Gears

SpringSpring AxleAxle

Rack and Rack and Pinion GearsPinion Gears

Processing UnitProcessing Unit

Gear separates, Gear separates, allowing wheels allowing wheels to turnto turn

Turns Spring Turns Spring Activator MotorActivator Motor

Turns Movement Turns Movement MotorsMotors

Activate Activate MotorsMotors

‘‘Gears’ intermesh, Gears’ intermesh, causing the Spring to causing the Spring to spin on one endspin on one end

Spring attaches Spring attaches onto static gearonto static gear

Spring has tensionSpring has tension

Spring attaches Spring attaches onto wheel, onto wheel, releases energyreleases energy

MATLABMATLAB A computational program A computational program

which can be used to which can be used to simulate real world forcessimulate real world forces

ADVISOR - a Premade system for regenerative braking Example code and graphical view

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

Li et al (2008) used a microcontroller and Li et al (2008) used a microcontroller and CVT to increase the efficiencyCVT to increase the efficiency

Figure 1: Shows the system configuration of Li’s drive system.

Figure 2: Shows a simple CVT

Torsion Spring CVT

Accelerometer and MCU

Engine

Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Kinetic Energy Recovery System for VehiclesKinetic Energy Recovery System for Vehicles”; Nanyang ”; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 20087 October, 2008

http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/eee/news/FTF/FTF_Design_Challenge.pdf

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

Leonard et al (2003) used a tension Leonard et al (2003) used a tension spring to store energy for bicycles. spring to store energy for bicycles.

Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Braking SystemRegenerative Braking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02; ME 59; 9-2003-02

http://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003-04.pdf

Literature ReviewLiterature Review Martinez et al 2008 experimented with a Martinez et al 2008 experimented with a

mechanical flywheel regenerative modelmechanical flywheel regenerative model

Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple Mechanical Transmission A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008

www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf

•In an urban setting, frequent braking is observedIn an urban setting, frequent braking is observed

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in a vehiclea vehicle

Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Development Development and Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicleand Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle ; The ; The University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000

http://146.164.33.61/termo/Motores/trabalhos%2007/P2000_04.pdf

Figure 1. SIMULINK block diagram schematic of ADVISOR used in research

PurposePurpose

To determine a spring powered To determine a spring powered kinetic energy regeneration system’s kinetic energy regeneration system’s feasibility in real world usage. feasibility in real world usage.

Engineering GoalsEngineering Goals

To create a working system that:To create a working system that:

– allows for greater energy production allows for greater energy production than energy lost through its frictionthan energy lost through its friction

– successfully is able to use energy lost successfully is able to use energy lost from braking to forward momentumfrom braking to forward momentum

BudgetBudget

VendorVendor Order #Order # Quantity Quantity DescriptionDescription PricePriceTotal Total priceprice

Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2330-EASYC276-2330-EASYC 11 VEX RobotVEX Robot

Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2184276-2184 11Advanced Advanced Gear KitGear Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99

Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2163276-2163 11 Motor KitMotor Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99

Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2162276-2162 11 Servo KitServo Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99

Stock Drive Stock Drive ProductsProducts A 1B14-24012A 1B14-24012 22

Ratchet and Ratchet and PawlPawl $7.10 $7.10 $14.20 $14.20

TotalTotal $74.17$74.17

Available at schoolAvailable at school

FlowchartFlowchartVex RobotVex Robot MATLABMATLAB

With Equipment (friction +

weight)

Distance traveled / # of rotations

Energy captured

Compare two results, should not be significantly different from each other

Without Equipment (control)

With unattached Equipment (weight)

With Equipment (friction +

weight)

Without Equipment (control)

With unattached Equipment (weight)

n=50

Determine energy output of spring devicen=50 Determine energy output of spring device

Compare results, should not be significantly different from each other

Distance traveled / # of rotations

Distance traveled / # of rotations

Distance traveled / # of rotations

Compare spring output energy with spring energy losses

Analyze through SPSS after processing

Physical TestingPhysical Testing Computer SimulationComputer Simulation

Do-abilityDo-ability

VEX robot is easy to use and adjustVEX robot is easy to use and adjust

No large or costly materialsNo large or costly materials

Prior experience with programming and Prior experience with programming and other roboticsother robotics

Going to Stony Brook Engineering CampGoing to Stony Brook Engineering Camp

BibliographyBibliography Hewitt, Paul G.; Hewitt, Paul G.; Conceptual PhysicsConceptual Physics; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003 Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Kinetic Kinetic

Energy Recovery System for VehiclesEnergy Recovery System for Vehicles; Nanyang Technological ; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008

Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Regenerative Braking SystemBraking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02 ; ME 59; 9-2003-02

Kilcarr, Sean; Kilcarr, Sean; Shifting for fuel economyShifting for fuel economy; Fleet Owner; February 1, ; Fleet Owner; February 1, 20062006

Harrington, Winston; Harrington, Winston; A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options for Motor Vehiclesfor Motor Vehicles; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; ; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; Page 22Page 22

Martinez, James; Martinez, James; Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009; Motor ; Motor Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html>energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html>

Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008

Ogando, Joseph; Ogando, Joseph; A different Kind of HybridA different Kind of Hybrid; Design News, July 16, ; Design News, July 16, 2007; Volume 62 #10; Page 752007; Volume 62 #10; Page 75

http://www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf