Utilization of creatine-phosphate by muscle extracts from rabbits with nutritional muscular...
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Southern Society for Clinical Research fvrce exerted over the hepatic area, changing relatively little after 50 mm. Hg pressure was reached. Thoracic and abdominal muscular resistance, state of respiration, and other varia- bles must continue to receive consideration in these studies. ABSORPTION OF TETRACAINE FROM MUCOUS MEM- BRANES. Donovan Campbell. Dept. of Surgery, Louisiana State Univ. School of Medicine, New Orleans, La. Reactions from local anesthetics result more frequently from topical application than direct injection into perineural tissue. Tetracaine, one of the most serviceable drugs for topical use, leads in the number of fatalities. It has been assumed but not proved that rapid systemic absorption is the cause. Data on the compara- tive rates of absorption of tetracaine and cir- culating blood levels following topical adminis- tration and injection into tissue were obtained, using the method of Auerbach, Davis and Foldes in which the drug is coupled with bromthymol blue at a pH of 6 and estimated calorimetrically after extraction from a protein-free filtrate with ethylene dichloride and toluene. In dogs rapid intravenous injection of 4.0 mg./kilo resulted in blood levels of 100 micrograms per cc. in two minutes which dropped to zero within 5 to 6 minutes. Levels of 30 to 40 micrograms in 4 to 6 minutes were obtained following application of the same dose in the pyriform fossa. Identical curves result when the same dose is used as a 2 or 40/, solution. Epinephrine 1: 100,000 did not retard the absorption. Application to the trachea and bronchi gave higher levels. The same dose infiltrated subcutaneously (0.1%) gave no detectable blood level. The free base resulted in levels similar to those of the hydrochloride. Tetracaine in water-soluble cream gave levels comparable to those of aqueous solutions. Tetra- Caine in a petrolatum base gave no detectable blood level. These data indicate that tetracaine directly applied to mucous membrane is rapidly absorbed and gives blood levels comparable to a slow intravenous injection. UTILIZATION OF CREATINE-PHOSPHATE BY MUSCLE EXTRACTS FROM RABBITS WITH NUTRITIONAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. Mary ~a@ltt?r, Paul B. McCay and Ranwel Caputto. Psychosomatic and Neuromuscular Section of the OkIahoma Medi- cal Research Foundation and the Dept. of Medi- cine and Biochemistry of the School of Medicine, Univ. of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla. JUNE, 1957 Previous investigators have shown that the increased creatinuria of rabbits with diet- induced muscular dystrophy usually precedes any other indication of muscle dysfunction. This observation conflicts with the hypothesis that creatinuria appears when surviving muscle is insufficient to retain creatine. It points to the possibility that the enzyme system which mediates the utilization of creatine-phosphate is particularly susceptible to vitamin E deficiency. Therefore, comparisons were made of the follow- ing systems: (1) glycolysis of muscle strips, (2) phosphate transference from creatine-phos- phate to hexosephosphates, and (3) the phos- phoglucomutase reaction. A group of twenty rabbits was given a modified Mason and Harris diet low in vitamin E. The control group of twenty rabbits received the same diet supple- mented by 50 mg. of vitamin E twice a week. Results show increased glycolysis in the vita- min E-deficient rabbits after twenty-five to forty days on the diet. Thereafter, glycolysis declined and after sixty days was normal or below. In contrast, the transference of phosphate in System 2 declined after twenty-five to thirty days and continued to decrease for the duration of the experiment. In System 3, phosphoglu- comutase activity consistently diminished after thirty days in vitamin E-deficient rabbits as compared to the control rabbits. No difference in muscle strength between the two groups was observed until after sixty days. The data suggest that in vitamin E deficiency, the utilization of creatine-phosphate as well as the activity of other individual glycolytic enzymes may decrease even when the over-all rate of glycolysis is elevated. IMPROVED METHOD OF MEASURING LOW PLASMA HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS; SOME PRELIMINARY CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS. J. V. Cockrell and H. N, Nau- mann. Dept. of Surgery and Pathology, V. A. Center, Jackson, Miss., and Univ. of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Miss. Measurement of plasma hemoglobin levels in low concentrations by the benzedrine reaction of Wu are not quantitative, as shown by Creditor and confirmed by Crosby and Furth. Unknown inhibitory substances depress the reaction and give erroneously low values, An improved modi- fication for measuring these values is presented which overcomes errors due to inhibition. The principle of our method is performance of the reaction in the presence of the inhibitory sub-
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Transcript of Utilization of creatine-phosphate by muscle extracts from rabbits with nutritional muscular...
Southern Society for Clinical Research
fvrce exerted over the hepatic area, changing relatively little after 50 mm. Hg pressure was reached. Thoracic and abdominal muscular resistance, state of respiration, and other varia- bles must continue to receive consideration in these studies.
ABSORPTION OF TETRACAINE FROM MUCOUS MEM-
BRANES. Donovan Campbell. Dept. of Surgery, Louisiana State Univ. School of Medicine, New Orleans, La.
Reactions from local anesthetics result more frequently from topical application than direct injection into perineural tissue. Tetracaine, one of the most serviceable drugs for topical use, leads in the number of fatalities. It has been assumed but not proved that rapid systemic absorption is the cause. Data on the compara- tive rates of absorption of tetracaine and cir- culating blood levels following topical adminis- tration and injection into tissue were obtained, using the method of Auerbach, Davis and Foldes in which the drug is coupled with bromthymol blue at a pH of 6 and estimated calorimetrically after extraction from a protein-free filtrate with ethylene dichloride and toluene. In dogs rapid intravenous injection of 4.0 mg./kilo resulted in blood levels of 100 micrograms per cc. in two minutes which dropped to zero within 5 to 6 minutes. Levels of 30 to 40 micrograms in 4 to 6 minutes were obtained following application of the same dose in the pyriform fossa. Identical curves result when the same dose is used as a 2 or 40/, solution. Epinephrine 1: 100,000 did not retard the absorption. Application to the trachea and bronchi gave higher levels. The same dose infiltrated subcutaneously (0.1%) gave no detectable blood level. The free base resulted in levels similar to those of the hydrochloride. Tetracaine in water-soluble cream gave levels comparable to those of aqueous solutions. Tetra- Caine in a petrolatum base gave no detectable blood level. These data indicate that tetracaine directly applied to mucous membrane is rapidly absorbed and gives blood levels comparable to a slow intravenous injection.
UTILIZATION OF CREATINE-PHOSPHATE BY MUSCLE
EXTRACTS FROM RABBITS WITH NUTRITIONAL
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. Mary ~a@ltt?r, Paul B.
McCay and Ranwel Caputto. Psychosomatic and Neuromuscular Section of the OkIahoma Medi- cal Research Foundation and the Dept. of Medi- cine and Biochemistry of the School of Medicine, Univ. of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla.
JUNE, 1957
Previous investigators have shown that the increased creatinuria of rabbits with diet- induced muscular dystrophy usually precedes any other indication of muscle dysfunction. This observation conflicts with the hypothesis that creatinuria appears when surviving muscle is insufficient to retain creatine. It points to the possibility that the enzyme system which mediates the utilization of creatine-phosphate is particularly susceptible to vitamin E deficiency. Therefore, comparisons were made of the follow- ing systems: (1) glycolysis of muscle strips, (2) phosphate transference from creatine-phos- phate to hexosephosphates, and (3) the phos- phoglucomutase reaction. A group of twenty rabbits was given a modified Mason and Harris diet low in vitamin E. The control group of twenty rabbits received the same diet supple- mented by 50 mg. of vitamin E twice a week.
Results show increased glycolysis in the vita- min E-deficient rabbits after twenty-five to forty days on the diet. Thereafter, glycolysis declined and after sixty days was normal or below. In contrast, the transference of phosphate in System 2 declined after twenty-five to thirty days and continued to decrease for the duration of the experiment. In System 3, phosphoglu- comutase activity consistently diminished after thirty days in vitamin E-deficient rabbits as compared to the control rabbits. No difference in muscle strength between the two groups was observed until after sixty days.
The data suggest that in vitamin E deficiency, the utilization of creatine-phosphate as well as the activity of other individual glycolytic enzymes may decrease even when the over-all rate of glycolysis is elevated.
IMPROVED METHOD OF MEASURING LOW PLASMA
HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS; SOME PRELIMINARY CLINICAL
CONSIDERATIONS. J. V. Cockrell and H. N, Nau-
mann. Dept. of Surgery and Pathology, V. A. Center, Jackson, Miss., and Univ. of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Miss.
Measurement of plasma hemoglobin levels in low concentrations by the benzedrine reaction of Wu are not quantitative, as shown by Creditor and confirmed by Crosby and Furth. Unknown inhibitory substances depress the reaction and give erroneously low values, An improved modi- fication for measuring these values is presented which overcomes errors due to inhibition. The principle of our method is performance of the reaction in the presence of the inhibitory sub-
