Utility: A Measure of the Amount of SATISFACTION A Consumer Derives from Units of a Good Chapter 5:...
Transcript of Utility: A Measure of the Amount of SATISFACTION A Consumer Derives from Units of a Good Chapter 5:...
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Utility:
A Measure of the Amount of
SATISFACTIONA Consumer Derives fromUnits of a Good
Chapter 5: Utility Analysis
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Utility as a basisfor Demand
David's Utility Schedule for Hamburgers
0 01 62 113 154 185 206 217 21.1
Number Total Utility
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Diminishing Marginal Utility:
Each ADDITIONAL hamburgerProduces Less and Less
ADDITIONAL SATISFACTION
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David's Utility Schedule for Hamburgers
0 01 62 113 154 185 206 217 21.1
Total Utility Marginal Utility
(6-0)/1 = 6
(11-6)/1 = 5(15-11)/1 = 4(18-15)/1 = 3(20-18)/1 = 2(21-20)/1 = 1(21.1-21)/1 = 0.1
Each additional hamburgerproduces less and less additional utility
Number
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Indifference Curve:All Possible Combinationsof Two Goods that Producethe Same Amount of Total Utility
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An Indifference Curve: The consumer isequally happy (satisfied) at any of the points along a single curve
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An Indifference Curve represents the same amount of utility everywhere
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Indifference Curvefor OneUtility Level
"Convex to the Origin"Preference For some of bothHamburgers and French Fries
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Indifference Curvesfor each Utility Level
Indifference curves never touch or intersect each other
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Indifference Map
utility level 1
utility level 2
utility level 3
utility level 4
More Utilit
y
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Budget LineAssume:
Price of Hamburger is $1.00Price of French Fries is $.50Income is 7.50
Could Purchase 7.5 Hamburgers0 French Fries
or 15 French Fries, 0 Hamburgers9 French Fries, 3 Hamburgersor
Many other feasible combinationswith the $7.50 of income
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Budget Line for $7.50 Income
Combinations of Hamburgers & French Fries
that can be Purchased for $7.50
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An Indifference Curve and Budget Line
Specific utility level
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3
Point of Tangency between Budget Line and Indifference Curve Determines Optimum Quantities ofHamburgers and French Fries
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utility level 2
utility level 3
utility level 4
utility level 5
Indifference Curve Map
utility level 1
9
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Price of Hamburgers /Price of French Fries= Slope of Budget Line
Marginal Rate of Substitutionof Hamburgers for French Fries= Slope of Indifference Curve
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Optimum Combination: 3 Hamburgers, 9 French Frieswhere
Price of Hamburgers/Price of French Fries =Marginal Rate of Substitutionof Hamburgers for French Fries
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Impact of More Income
A new, higher budget line
with the same slope
but reaches a higher indifference curve
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Budget Line for $7.50 and $12.50 Income
$12.50
$7.50
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Impact of Price Changefor Hamburgers
Hamburgers
Special Today
All you can eat
50 cents each
Hamburgers
$3.75 each
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Price of Hamburgers decreases to $.50
9 Hamburgers x $.50 = 4.50
6 French Fries x $.50 = $3.00
still spent $7.50 total
9
6
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Price of Hamburgers now $3.75
How many French Fries ??
Quantity of Hamburgers now taken: 1
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Tracing the Demand Curve for Hamburgers
Price Quantity Demanded
3.75 11.00 30.50 9
.5
1.00
3.75
1 3 9
Price of
Quantity Demanded per unit of time
Demand
A Demand Schedule for Hamburgers
Hamburgers
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Consumer demand has its roots
in consumer utility theory
Price
Quantity/ unit of time
D