Utah in the 1 st Half of the 20 th Century: 1900-1945

Unit 3: Utah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945

World War II & Nuclear TestingUtah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945The Big Ideas:WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWIIThe Big Ideas:One individual or groups of individualscan make a difference: for good or for badUtah Man ReadingsWhat was the Utah Man?How did this individual Utahan impact World War II?

Colonel Walter T. Stewart- Air Force pilot from Benjamin Utah1943Part of mission to take out Nazi oil refineries in Romania- (supplied 1/3rd of all Nazi oil)Stewart's plane, named "Utah Man," came back with 365 holes in it.

World War II & Nuclear TestingUtah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945The Big Ideas:WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWIIThe Big Ideas:One individual or groups of individualscan make a difference: for good or for badWorld War II Basics 101

What years was it? From 1939 to 1945 America involved as of 1941

World War II Basics 101


Sophie Scholl

Nazi Youth Movement

Who made a difference?PositiveNegativeWorld War II Basics 101

Blitzkrieg

Who made a difference?PositiveNegativeWorld War II & Nuclear TestingUtah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945The Big Ideas:WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWIIThe Big Ideas:One individual or groups of individualscan make a difference: for good or for badWorld War II Basics 101

Charles De Gaulle

Resistance Movements & American Resistance before entering the war

Utahans housed BritishevacueesWho made a difference?PositiveNegativeWorld War II Basics 101

Who made a difference?PositiveNegativeWorld War II & Nuclear TestingUtah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945The Big Ideas:WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWIIThe Big Ideas:One individual or groups of individualscan make a difference: for good or for badU.S Enters WWIIRead pages 237-246 in the Utah History textbook (including the textboxes and side margins) when finished answer the following questions in your handout:1. What countries were the major Axis Powers? What countries were the Allied Powers?2. What happened at Pearl Harbor?3. List three reasons why Utah was in such a good position to help the war effort?4. Explain how rationing worked?5. What kinds of items were in short supply during the war?6. List some ways in which women helped the war effort? Pop Quiz! Get out a blank sheet of paperName, date, periodNumber 1-5TRUE OR FALSEGermany, Great Britain, & China made up the Axis powers.During World War II, 1000s of Utahns left their homes & fought in the armed forces around the world.World War II started with Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. The Utah Man was a heroic pilot who died in World War II.Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing food & supplies & planting victory gardens. AnswersSwitch paper with neighborGet out red penAnswers: Germany, Great Britain, & China made up the Axis powers.FALSE: Germany, Italy, & Japan made up the Axis powers During World War II, 1000s of Utahns left their homes & fought in the armed forces around the world.TRUE (Letter A of ABCs)World War II started with Germany invaded Poland in September 1939.TRUE (Pearl Harbor did NOT start the war)The Utah Man was a heroic pilot who died in World War II.FALSE: The Utah Man was a plane flown by Colonel Walter Stewart that helped take out Nazi oil refineries during World War II. Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing food & supplies & planting victory gardens.TRUE (Letter D of ABCs) Put total correct our of 5 & pass up.World War II Basics 101What years was it? From 1939 to 1945What countries were the Axis powers? Germany, Italy, & JapanWhat countries were the Allied powers? Great Britain, United States, China & Soviet Union (USSR)How did the war start? Germanys invasion of Poland in 1939How did the United States get involved in World War II? Attack of Pearl Harbor December 1941


Major Warship typesWestern MedFRENCH NAVYMediterraneanITALIAN NAVYEastern MedROYAL NAVYEastern MedFRENCH NAVYMediterraneanALLIED TOTALBattleships46419Carriers--1-1Cruisers10219423Destroyers375225365Submarines3610610-46TOTALS87185498144


French Empire circa 1900African Nazi ResistanceResistance movements occurred in Nazi occupied Africa by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. Resistance movements are sometimes also referred to as "the underground. In Africa much of the resistance was connected to anti-colonialism.



GermanySoviet Unionest. 850,000 killed, missing or woundedincluding 107,000 captured (only 6000 survived the captivity and returned home to 1955)900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports)1,500 tanks6,000 artillery piecesApprox. 1,150,000 killed, missing or woundedincluding 478,741 killed and missing650,878 wounded and sick40,000 civilians dead4,341 tanks15,728 artillery pieces2,769 combat aircraft


Why was this battle so important?The failure of the German Army was nothing short of a disaster. A complete army group was lost at Stalingrad and 91,000 Germans were taken prisoner. With such a massive loss of manpower and equipment, the Germans simply did not have enough manpower to cope with the Russian advance to Germany when it came.Despite resistance in parts such as a Kursk they were in retreat on the Eastern Front from February 1943 on. In his fury, Hitler ordered a days national mourning in Germany, not for the men lost at the battle, but for the shame von Paulus had brought on the Wehrmacht and Germany. Paulus was also stripped of his rank to emphasise Hitlers anger with him. Hitler commented: The God of War has gone over to the other sideWho made a difference?PositiveNegativeWorld War II & Nuclear TestingUtah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945The Big Ideas:WWII impacted Utah, and Utahans impacted the course of WWIIThe Big Ideas:One individual or groups of individualscan make a difference: for good or for badWorld War II Basics 101



Utah Man World War II Basics 101

Utahs Candy Bomber


Fire bombing of Japan 1945

Consideration for Land Invasion of Japan JCS estimates:less than 50 days: 400-500 dead.90 days1,200,000 casualties, Assumed wide spread Civilian Response: 5-10 million Japanese fatalities.

90,000166,000 killed in Hiroshima[60,00080,000 killed in NagasakiTotal: 150,000246,000+ killed V-J Day (Victory in Japan)

At home in Utah

Who made a difference?PositiveNegativeUtah During World War IIDo you know your ABCs?Armed Forces- 1000s of Utahans left their homes & fought in armed forces around the worldBoot Camps & Bases- Utah was an ideal place for military trainingCourageous Women in the Workforce- Rosie the Riveters helped war productionDaily Rationing & Gardening- Utahans sacrificed food & supplies & planted victory gardens to help support the war

Readings

HolocaustDefinition: Systematic, intentional persecution & genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews by the Nazi regime & its collaborators during World War II. Why did this happen?Hitler & Nazis blamed Jews for Germany loosing in World War I They believed that Jews were less human than othersTold others that Jews were a racial threatWhy does it matter?Loss of millions of peopleLearn the dangers of hatred, prejudice, ideas of superiorityAmazing examples of kindness & sacrificeSome Holocaust survivors in Utah today

Navajo Code TalkersWho: 400-500 Native Americans who served in the United States Marine CorpsWhat: transmitted secret communications on the battlefields of WWIIImportance: code never brokenNavajo Code Talker from Utah- Samuel Holiday

Break the CodeTo develop their Type One Code, the original 29 Navajo Code Talkers first came up with a Navajo word for each letter of the English alphabet. Since they had to memorize all the words, they used things that were familiar to them, such as kinds of animals.So we start talking about different things, animals, sea creatures, birds, eagles, hawks, and all those domestic animals. Why dont we use those names of different animalsfrom A to Z. So A, we took a red ant that we live with all the time. B we took a bear, Yogi the Bear, C a Cat, D a Dog, E an Elk, F, Fox, G, a goat and so on down the line.Chester Nez, Navajo Code Talker, National Museum of the American Indian interview, 2004Here are some of the words they use:LetterNavajo WordEnglish WordCMOASHICatDLHA_CHA-EHDogEDZEHElkITKINIceONE-AHS-JAHOwlRGAHRabbitVA-KEH-DI-GLINIVictorSee if you can translate the following coded message:MOASI NE-AHS-JAH LHA-CHA-EH DZEH GAH DZEH MOASI DZEH TKIN A-KEH-DI-GLINI DZEH LHA-CHA-EH

D-DayWhat: Massive invasion of Allied powers on beaches of Northern France (Normandy) to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi controlWhen: June 6th 1944Who: 156,000 American, British, & Canadian forcesImportance: one of the largest amphibious military assaults in historyCode name for one of the five landing sites: Utah Beach

V-E Day & V-J DayV-E Day: Victory in Europe Day May 8th 1945End of War in EuropeUtahns & all Americans celebrate, many come home!V-J Day: Victory in Japan DayAugust 15th 1945After dropping of 2 atomic bombs on JapanEnd of War in PacificTHE WAR IS OFFICIALLY OVER!

Internment CampsRelocation and internment by the United States government in 1942 of about 110,000 Japanese Americans & Japanese who lived along the Pacific coast.Of those who were interned, 62% were American citizens.Topaz Relocation Center in Utah, one of 10 locations in U.S. Impact on Utah: Many men & women worked at Topaz. Thousands of people relocated there for the war.

49WWII deaths (check out the key)

World War II Linkshttp://www.history.com/topics/d-day/interactives/inside-wwii-interactivehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.html (click on World War II)http://www.earthstation1.com/wwii.html

Nuclear TestingExperiments to discover the strength, & explosive capability of various nuclear weaponsAt the Nevada Test Site- between 1951 & 1992 there were a total of 928 nuclear tests. 828 of these were underground. During the 1950s, the mushroom clouds from these tests could be seen for almost 100 miles in either direction.

Nuclear Testing VideoHow would you feel if you knew these tests were going on 100-200 miles away from you?What would be your reaction?What would you be afraid of?Nuclear Testings Effect on UtahOn May 19, 1953, the United States government detonated the 32- kiloton atomic bomb (nicknamed Harry) at the Nevada Test Site. The bomb later gained the name Dirty Harry because of the huge amount of off-site fallout generated by the bomb. Winds carried fallout 135 miles to St. George, where residents reported, an oddly metallic sort of taste in the air. St. George received the most of the fallout of above-ground nuclear testing.Increases in cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, bone cancer, & brain tumors, were reported from the mid-1950s through 1980 in Utah. A 1979 study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine concluded that: A significant excess of leukemia deaths occurred in children up to 14 years of age living in Utah between 1959 and 1967. This excess was concentrated in the group of children born between 1951 and 1958, and was most pronounced in those residing in counties receiving high fallout. p12

DownwindersDownwinders: individuals and communities who are exposed to radioactive contamination or nuclear fallout from atmospheric or underground nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear accidents.Or in other words: People who live(d) Down Wind from nuclear testing sites & have suffered health consequences from the radiationInfertility, blood disorders, genetic effects, birth defects, cancer, cataractsBy January 2006, over 10,500 claims had been approved, and around 3,000 denied, for a total amount of over $525 million in compensation dispensed to downwinders

Journal WritePretend a member of your family was affected by the nuclear testing in Nevada and has many unexplainable health problems. Many call your family member a, downwinder. Write a letter to the United States government and express your concern and alarm about nuclear testing and what you think they should do to fix the problem and help your family. (4 sentences at least)

Utah in the 1 st Half of the 20 th Century: 1900-1945

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