Today’s railways

Proposed railways

The east-west link

Luanda Railway

Benguela Railway

Mocamedes Railway

BROADLEAF EVERGREEN FOREST

UNDIFFERENTIATED GRASSLAND AND WOODLAND

DECIDUOUS FOREST AND GRASS

GRASSLAND

BRUSH

SAVANNA

DESERT

VEGETATION

1980 - 19,42 Km2

1989 - 100,80 Km2

1998 - 253,27 Km2

2000 - 270,05 Km2

2010 - 350,00 Km2

Luanda - rapid growth in population and size

The country continues to face massive developmental challenges including reducing the dependency on oil and diversifying the economy, rebuilding its infrastructure, improving institutional capacity, governance, public financial management systems, human development indicators and the living conditions of the population.

(World Bank)

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Rehabiliting the 480 km long CFL railway and the 16 railway stops along the way

NEW RAILWAY STATIONS ARE POPPING UP ALONG THE CFL RAILLINE

Colonized under Portuguese rule for 400 years- independence 1975

Devastating civil war lasting 27 years - ended 2002

BEFORE THE WAR, MOST PEOPLE SUPPORTED THEMSELVES BY SMALL-SCALE FARMING

RURAL AREAS AND FARMLAND ARE MANY PLACES LEFT USELESS, LITTERED BY LAND MINES. IN THE INLANDS, BIG AREAS OF FORMER FARMLANDS ALSO SUFFERS FROM DEGRADATION OF THE FERTILE SOILS

People migrating to the capital as a result of the civil war- the larger towns and cities were more safe

Luandas muceques 80 % of the urban population

UN Habitat’s Executive Director Anna Tibaijuka called upon President dos

Santos to allocate 10% of Angola’s oil income to upgrading vital social services

such as housing, plumbing, clean water and electricity and praised Angola’s

stated commitment toward a slum revitalization program. Approximately 85% of

Angolans live in slum conditions surrounding major cities.

In April 2009, Angola announced the creation of a special fund to build one

million houses over the next four years. Three months later in July, three

thousand families were forcibly evicted from the Luanda neighborhoods of Iraque

and Bagdad, utterly demolishing homes and possessions.

“Armed police, soldiers and presidential guards arrived in both neighbourhoods at

3am on 20 July and ordered people out of their homes before bulldozers began

to demolish the houses. The residents stood and watched as their homes were

being demolished. Some of those who tried to stop the demolitions were beaten.”

Since 2001, Amnesty International has documented the forcible eviction of more

than 10,000 persons from slum dwellings in Angola, often accompanied by

violence including police indiscriminately firing their weapons and beating women

and children.

Source: Amnesty International

1,000,000 houses to be built by 2012 - is to inculde social housing for the poor - has been critisized as being million dollar houses

Big-scalenew social housing projects

Wester ideals’ dwelling areas

“We face neither East nor West; We face forward”

Kwame Nkrumah

Massive construction boom as a result of oil revenues

“We have very little time, so we have to move slowly“

Kwame Nkrumah

LuandaFORMAL RESIDENTS

LuandaINFORMAL RESIDENTS

20% 80%

WORKING ON BOTH TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP-STRATEGIES.

A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION DEPENDS ON THE BOTTOM-UP PERSPECTIVES’ INFLUENCE ON THE TOP-DOWN STRATEGIES.

THE URBAN CORRIDOR (Luanda)

DIFFUSE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT (Railway potential)

Working in the transition zone in Luanda, from urban corridor towards a ‘diffuse’ development.

Make usage of the human potentials at the site,facilitate local initiatives

POTENTIALS

SKILLS

KNOWLEDGE

ENTHUSIASM

Poor urban residents identified water supply and better in-site sanitations facilities as problems for which they require assistance (...) Housing and constructions, however, were not identified by the poor urban resident as problems for which they needed assistance.

Deveolopment Workshop,Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas, p 13

Offering Social Housing

Offering proper bases for building homes

“When you no longer improve your house, you are close to death”

Arab proverb (Barefoot Architect, p 71)

1 000 000 APPARTMENTS

Top-down support of mass produced appartments.

Lack of sanitation systems and energy supply

1 000 000 SOLAR PANELS

Top-down support of site, sanitation systems and energy support

Lack of building mass

TOP-DOWN STRATEGY

VS

BASIC NEEDS FOR HOUSING SITUATION

These needs are crutial to cover as a re-quirement to enable social development

+LAND!

BASIC RIGHTS FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

EDUCATIONHEALTH CAREINFRASTRUCTUREEMPLOIMENT

FØRST DETTE; SÅ DETTE..

DEVELOPING RAILWAY CENTRES IN EXISTING AREAS

SOCIAL MEETING

CENTREQUALITY

HOMOGENIOUS SLUM DWELLING AREA

RAILWAY STATION/ MARKET PLACE

RIPPLE EFFECT

DIVERSITY

MEETING PLACES

DEPENDING / NON-DEPENDING

CELL DIVISION

Second core

SUGGESTION FOR TOP-DOWN STRATEGY SUPPORTING BASIC HOUSING NEEDS -PAVING THE WAY FOR SELF-SUSTAINING LIVING UNITS.

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African Union’s work towards a more united continent Raillines as a part of this programPotential new development

Participation in process Railway station as local generator

Node thinking in Luanda’s outer areas and growth zonesWork towards inclusiveness and communityMezoscale identity

“The butterfly effect is a metaphor that encap-sulates the concept of sensitive dependence on initial conditions in chaos theory; namely, a small change at one place in a complex sys-tem can have large effects elsewhere. Although this may appear to be an esoteric and unusual behavior, it is exhibited by very simple systems: for example, a ball placed at the crest of a hill might roll into any of several valleys depend-ing on slight differences in initial position. The butterfly effect is a common trope in fiction when presenting scenarios involving time travel and with “what if” cases where one storyline diverges at the moment of a seemingly minor event resulting in two significantly different outcomes.”

Wikipedia