Usulul Fiqh Principles of Fiqh
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Transcript of Usulul Fiqh Principles of Fiqh
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Dmjj wdKn
wdKn kv‡¯¿ i gjbxwZ
gj
kvn Ave`j nvbœ vb
Ab ev` W. Iqvwmg nK
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Dmjj wdKn wdKn kv‡ ¿̄ i gjbxwZ
gj: kvn Ave`j nvbœvb Abev`: W. Iqvwmg nK
cÖ KvkK
Avng` †nv‡mb gvwbK
eKgv÷vi
107 bqvcëb, XvKv 1000
†dvb: 01678 111105 [email protected]
MÖ š’ ¯^Z ¡
w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBU‡bm
cÖKvkKvj
b‡f¤^ i 2015
cÖ ”Q`
wRqv kvgm
g`ªY
w` wcÖ ›Ugv÷vi
†dvb: 01813 [email protected]
gj¨
`BkZ UvKv
AvBGmweGb 978-984-33-2353-X
Usulul Fiqh by Shah Abdul Hannan. Translated by Dr. Washim Haque.
Published by Bookmaster, 107 Nayapaltan, Dhaka 1000. 2nd Edition:
November, 2015. Price: Tk 200.00 / USD 10.00
fwgKv
w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBU‡bm -Gi cÿ †_‡K GB MÖ ‡š’ i Abev` cÖ Kvk Ki‡Z †c‡i Avgiv LeB Avb›` †eva KiwQ| gj eB‡qi bvg ÔDmjj wdKnÕÑ hvi A_© Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm Ges Drm †_‡K AvBb cÖYq‡bic×wZmgn| kvn Ave`j nvbœvb ÔDmjj wdKnÕ-Gi Áv‡bi cÖ ‡qvRbxqZvG MÖ ‡š’ ¯úó K‡i eY© bv K‡i‡Qb|
kvn Ave`j nvbœ vb wek eQ‡iiI AwaK mgq a‡i Dmjj wdKni Dcicovïbv K‡i‡Qb| G msµvšÍ K‡qKwU K¬ ¨vwmK I AvawbK eB ch© v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb hvi D‡jøL gj MÖ ‡š’ cvIqv hv‡e| wZwb Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg
K‡qKRb †jL‡Ki eB ch© v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb hviv gj Dmjj wdKni Dci Bs‡iwR‡Z eB wj‡L‡Qb| cvBIwbqvi I w` DBU‡bm Bmjv gx kwiqvni wewaweavb môfv‡e Abaveb Kivi Rb¨ kvn Ave`j nvbœv‡bi Usul al Fiqh(Islamic Jurisprudence) Bs‡iwR eBwUi evsjvq Abev` cÖ Kvk K‡i‡Q|
eBwU Bs‡iwR †_‡K evsjvq Abev` K‡i‡Qb M‡elK I †jLK W. Iqvwmg nK| eBwUi gj †jLK kvn Ave`j nvbœvb Abev`wU †`‡L w`‡q‡Qb| Z`cwi wZbRb kwiqvn we‡klÁ W. nviæb Avi ikx`, cÖ fvlK gnv¤§` wmivRj gvIjv Ges Rbve †gvL‡jQi ingvb, †m›Uª vj kwiqvn †ev‡W© i mv‡eK †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡ij hZœ mnKv‡i †`‡L w`‡q‡Qb hv‡Z eBwU‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKvi bxwZMZ fj bv _v‡K| Rbve nviæb Avi ikx` †`Ie›`
gv`ivmv †_‡K BdZv (d‡Zvqv wefvM) we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e m‡e© v”P wWwMÖ AR© b K‡ib Ges cieZx© ‡Z AvwjMo wek¦ we`¨vjq †_‡K wcGBPwW jvf K‡ib| AvšÍ R© vwZK Bmjvgx wek¦ we`¨vjq PÆMÖvg (XvKv K¨v¤úvm)-Gi cÖ fvlK gnv¤§` wmivRj gvIjv Kvwgj (cÖ_g †kª wY), XvKv wek¦ we`¨vjq †_‡K weG(Abvm© ) cÖ_g †kª wY, GgG (Aviwe) cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z cÖ_g| Ab¨w`‡K †gvL‡jQi ingvb gv÷vm© wWwMÖ jvf Kivi c‡i wewfbœ e¨vs‡Ki kwiqvn †ev‡W© KvR K‡ib| wZwb †ek K‡qK eQi a‡i †`‡ki mKj Bmjvgx evsKmg‡ni cÖ wZwbwaZ¡ kxj msMVb †m›Uª vj kwiqvn †evW© -Gi †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡ij wQ‡jb| GB eB cÖ Kv ‡k Ab¨ hviv Mfxi cwikªg K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cvBIwbqv‡ii mv‡eK †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡ij Kwe Igi wek¦ vm|
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G QvovI cvBIwbqv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mnKgx© ivI G e¨vcv‡i Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|
D‡jøL¨ †h, Bs‡iwR eB †_‡K Abev` Kivq bvbvwea fj-ÎæwU _vKv A ^̄ vfvweK bq| †Kv‡bv cÖ Kvi fj-ÎæwU Avgv‡`i‡K AewnZ Ki‡j cieZ© x ms¯‹i‡Y Zv ms‡kvab Kivi †Póv Ki‡ev|
Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó ew×Rxex kvn Ave`j nvbœvb -Gi Bs‡iwR eBwUi
Abev` cÖ Kvk Ki‡Z †c‡i Avjøvni ïKwiqv Av`vq KiwQ|
mfvcwZ
†gv: nvweei ingvb
w` cvBIwbqvi|
15.11.2015
mwPcÎ
Dmjj wdKn t wdKn kv‡ ¿̄ i gjbxwZ /00
KiAvb /00
mbœ vn /00
KiAvb I mbœ vni e¨vL¨v /00
Av‡`k, wb‡lavÁv Ges i` /00
BRgv /00
wKqvm /00
Bmjvgx kwiqvn ce© eZx© cÖ Z¨vw`ó AvBb /00
mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv /00
BmwZnmvb /00
gvmjvnv gimvjvn /00
Did Ges BmwZmnve /00
mv` Avj hvivB /00
ûK‡ g kviC /00
ZvAvÕiæØ /00 BRwZnv` /00
MÖ š’ cwÄ /00
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Lvwj
Dmjj wdKn wdKn kv‡¯¿ i gjbxwZ
cÖv_wgKfv‡ e ejv hvq ÔDmjj wdKnÕ ( ) Bmjvgx AvB‡b i Drm ev wfwË wb‡ q Av‡jvPb v K‡i | Aek¨ Ôbiæj Av‡bvqvi Õ Mª ‡š’ †jL K †kL Avn‡g ` Beb Ave mvC` (whwb †gvjø v wihIqvb bv‡ g L¨vZ Ges mgª vU AvIi½‡R‡e i MnwkÿK) D‡jøL K‡i b †h , GK`j AvBbwe‡` i g‡ Z Dmjj wdKn Bmjvgx AvBb I AvB‡b i Drm ` ‡U v welq wb‡q B Av‡jvPb v K‡i|
Dmjj wdKn [Dmj ( ) n‡jv AvQj ( )-Gi eûePb] n‡jv Bmjvgx AvB‡bi wfwË| GB kv‡ ¿̄ i gva¨‡g Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm †_‡K AvBbcÖYq‡bi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Kiv nq| GB A‡_© Dmj n‡jv c×wZ Ges wdKn n‡jv Gi DcRvZ ev dj| mZivs Dmjj wdKn n‡jv Bmjvgx AvBb ev kwiqvni gjbxwZ (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence)
Dm‡j wdKn Bmjvgx AvB‡bi cÖ v_wgK Drm KiAvb I mbœ vn wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| A_© vr Dmj KiAvb I mbœ vni ˆewkó¨ wb‡q ch© v‡jvPbv K‡i Ges KiAvb I mbœ vn †_‡K AvBb cÖYqb c×wZ eY© bv K‡i| AvBbcÖYqb c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Dmj KiAvb I mbœ vni wewfbœ kã Ôwe‡klfv‡eÕGes Aviwe fvlv ÔmvaviYfv‡eÕ ch© v‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K|
ÔDmjj wdKnÕ ( ) Bmjvgx AvB‡bi gva¨wgK Drm wb‡qI
ch© v‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K| †hgbÑ BRgv ( Ñ m¤§wZ),
wKqvm ( Ñ mv`k¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K wm×všÍ MÖ nY),
BmwZnmvb ( Ñ AvBbMZ cÖ vavb¨) Ges
BRwZnv` ( Ñ M‡elYv I hw³i cª ‡qvM)|
AvBb cÖYq‡bi GmKj gva¨wgK Drm Aek¨ cÖ Z¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e KiAvbI mbœ vni Dci wbf© ikxj| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc ejv hvq, wKqv‡mi wZbwU gj Dcv`vb ÔAvQjÕ (gj NUbv), ÔûKgÕ (AvQ‡ji †cÖ wÿ‡Z ivq) Ges ÔBjø vnÕ(Kvh© Ki KviY) cÖ v_wgK Dr‡mi Dci wbf© ikxj| ÔDmjj wdKnÕ Bmjvgx
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AvBb msµvšÍ Ab¨vb¨ cÖ ‡qvRbxq welqvw` wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K| †hgb AvB‡bi Dci cÖ_vi cÖ fve wKsev AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e cÖ_vi fwgKv, Bmjvgx AvB‡bi ¸iæ‡Z¡ i w`K †_‡K Í̄ i web¨vm n‡jv:
diR ( ),
IqvwRe ( ),
gv›`e ( ), nvivg ( ) Ges
gvKiƒn ( )|
Dm‡ji KwZcq c Í̄ ‡K we Í̄ vwiZfv‡e Aviwe fvlvi e¨vKiY Av‡j vwPZ n‡q _v‡K| wbtm‡›`‡n ejv P‡j Bmjvgx AvBbwe`‡`i (& DmwjDb) Rb¨ Aviwe fvlvi Ávb I e¨vKiY Rvbv AZ¨vek¨Kxq Z‡e GwU Dm‡ji welqe ‘̄ bq|
Dmj cvV †_‡KB Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi, KiAvb I mbœ vnmn mKj gva¨wgK Dr‡mi e¨vL¨v c×wZ, eZ© gvb I AZxZKv‡ji Bmjvgx we‡klÁ‡`i Dmj wel‡q g‡bvfve, wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖ `Ë iv‡qi weeiY, BRwZnv‡`i Ab¨vb¨
c×wZ, Bmjvgx AvBb Ges AvBbwelqK ZvwË¡ K welqvw`i weKvk msµvšÍ BwZnvm| Dmj cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Gme wel‡q ÁvZ GKRb e¨w³ Bmjvgx AvBb cÖ ‡qv‡M i †ÿ‡ Î m‡PZ b _vK‡e | G e¨w³ †hg b AZx‡Zi AvBbwe`‡`i iwPZ c×wZ m¤ú‡K© kª ×vkxj _vK‡e †Zgwb eZ© gv‡bi bZb ev Í̄ eZvi Av‡jv‡K AvBb cÖYqb I e¨vL¨vi e¨vcv‡iI m‡PZb n‡e| †m ZLb Am‡PZb K_v I KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| Dmjj wdKn-Gi gj jÿ¨ n‡jv BRwZnv`‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv Ges AvBbwe`‡`i AvB‡bi Drmmgn†_‡K AvBb cÖYq‡b c_ cÖ `k© b Kiv|
Bgvg kvwdC‡K Dmjj wdKn ev wdKn Áv‡bi RbK ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| K_vwU GB A‡_© mZ¨ †h, Dmjj wdKni gjbxwZ¸‡jv Bgvg kvwdC cÖ_‡gcÖYvjxe×fv‡e web¨ Í̄ K‡ib| Bgvg kvwdCi c‡e© i AvBbwe`iv bxwZi Av‡jv‡KB AvBb cÖYqb Ki‡Zb Z‡e †m mKj bxwZ GKwÎZ Ges mweb¨ Í̄ wQj bv| Bgvg kvwdCi c‡i cÖ Pi weÁ e¨w³ Dmj cv‡Vi e¨vcv‡i Ae`vb†i‡L‡Qb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jb, Avej nvmvb Avj evmwi(B‡šÍ Kvj 436 wn.), Bgvg Avj nvivgvBb Avj RqvBwb (B‡šÍ Kvj 487 wn.), Ave nvwg` Avj Mv¾vwj (B‡šÍKvj 505 wn.), dLiæwÏb Avj ivwR(B‡šÍ Kvj 606 wn.), mvBdwÏb Avj Avwgw` (ÑÑÑ), Avej nvmvb Avj KviwL (B‡šÍ Kvj 349 wn.), dLiæwÏb Avj evR`vIwq (B‡šÍ Kvj 483 wn.), Ave evKvi Avj Rvmmvm (B‡šÍ Kvj 370 wn.), mv`i Avj kvwiqvn
(B‡šÍKvj 747 wn.), ZvRDwÏb Avj mewK (B‡šÍ Kvj 771 wn.) Ges Bgvg Avj kvwZwe (ÑÑÑ) cÖ gL|
cÖ v_wgKfv‡e Dmj cv‡Vi `‡Uv aviv weKvk jvf K‡iÑ ZvwË¡ K I Av‡ivnx| ZvwË¡ K c×wZi weKvk N‡U Bgvg kvwdCi gva¨‡g whwb mmse×fv‡e KwZcq bxwZ cÖYqb K‡ib Ges Zvi wfwˇZ BRwZnv` K‡ib Ges d‡Zvqv
†`b| Ab¨w`‡K cÖ v_wgK nvbvdx cwÐZMY KiAvb I mbœ vni wfwˇZ d‡Zvqv †`b Ges †m me d‡Zvqvq †hme bxwZ AbmiY Kiv n‡qwQj Zvi wfwˇZ Dmj cÖYqb K‡ib| hv‡nvK, cieZx© cwÊZMY `‡Uv aviv‡K mgwš^ Z K‡ib Ges eZ© gv‡b GB mgwš^ Z aviv cÖ PwjZ i‡q‡Q|
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K iAvb
Dm‡ji KwZcq civ‡bv ^̄ xKZ MÖ ‡š’ (†hgb †kL Avng` Beb Ave mvC` iwPZ Ôbiæj Av‡bvqviÕ ev †kL Avej evivKvZ Beb Avng` bvmvwd iwPZÔgvbviÕ MÖ š’ Øq) Dm‡ji †ewkifvM Ask n‡”Q ÔwKZvejø vnÕ A_© vr KiAvb wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b| G wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b Av‡jvwPZ welqmgn n‡jvÑ KiAv‡bi k‡ãi †kª wYweb¨vm (A_ev Aviwe fvlv), KiAvb I mbœvni e¨vL¨vi cÖ ‡qvR‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Aviwe e¨vKiY|
Av‡jvP¨ MÖ ‡š’ KiAvb Aa¨v ‡q Aviwe fvlv ev e¨vKiY Av‡jvwPZ n‡e bv| eis KwZcq AvawbK Dmj we‡kl‡Ái Av`‡j Ôe¨vL¨vi c×wZÕ GB
wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b KiAvb I nvw`‡mi kã e¨vL¨v I †kª wYweb¨v‡mi c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡e| AvMÖ nx cvV‡Ki cÖ wZ Ab‡iva iBj Zviv †hb Aviwe fvlv I e¨vKiY wfbœ fv‡e cvV K‡i †bq| Av‡jvP¨ cwi‡”Q‡` KiAv‡bi KwZcq ˆewkó¨ I Gi fwgKv wb‡q ch© v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|
KiAvb n‡jv Ggb MÖ š’ hv Avjø vni evYx wn‡m‡e ivmj †gvnv¤§` (m.)-Gi wbKU bvwRj n‡q‡Q| KiAv‡b †gvU 114wU Amg AvqZ‡bi miv i‡q‡QGes miv¸wji mwP welqvbmv‡i web¨ Í̄ bq| Avjø vni evYx ev Iwn `BcÖ Kvi| h_vÑ Iwn Rvwni Ges Iwn evwZb|
Iwn Rvwni ( ÑcÖ Kvk¨ Iwn): KiAvb cÖKvk¨ Iwni (Iwn Rvwni)
mgwó hv Avjø vni fvlvq gvb‡li mv‡_ Zvi mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM| Iwn evwZb ( Ñ AcÖ Kvk¨ Iwn): Iwn evwZb (AcÖ Kvk¨ Iwn) Iwn Rvwni †_‡K wfbœ GB A‡_© †h Iwn evwZb Ab‡cÖ iYvwfwËK| ivmj (m.)-Gi nvw`m Iwn evwZb ch© vqf³|
nvw`‡m K`wm: †hLv‡b Avjø vn‡K ivmj (m.) D×Z K‡i‡Qb, hv KiAv‡bich© vqf³ bq, cÖ KZc‡ÿ GmKj nvw`‡mi mb` (nvw`m eY© bvKvix‡`i AvbµwgK) h_v_© wKbv Zv hvPvB mv‡cÿ welq| hw` mb` (AvbµwgK) `e© j _v‡ K Z‡e nvw`mwU `e©j e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e hw`I nvw`mwU nvw`‡m K`wm ch© vqf³ nq| GwU D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h ivmj (m.) nvw`‡m K `wmI Ab¨vb¨ nvw`‡mi g‡a¨ cv_© K¨ wbiƒcY K‡ib wb|
KiAv‡bi ïa A_© ( Ñ gvÕbv) wKsev ïa cvV ev Text ( Ñ bvRg) KiAvb bq| Bmjvgx AvBbwe`MY G e¨vcv‡i m¤§Z n‡q‡Qb †h A_© Icv‡Vi mgwóB KiAvb|
KiAvb bvwRj n‡q‡Q av‡c av‡c (KiAvb, 17:106) Ges avivevwnKfv‡e(KiAvb, 25:32)| Iwni avivevwnK AeZiY ( ) Iwn‡K ü`q½g
Ki‡Z I gL ’̄ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| mKj Bmjvgx we‡klÁ mgMÖ KiAv‡bi weï×Zvi e¨vcv‡iI HKgZ¨ † cvlY K‡i‡Qb|
KiAv‡bi enr Ask bvwRj n‡q‡Q g°v‡Z (30 fv‡Mi cÖ vq 19 fvM) Ges evwK Ask gw`bv‡Z| g°vq bvwRjKZ AvqvZmg‡n ewY© Z n‡q‡Q GK Avjø vn‡Z wek¦ vm, Awek¦ vmx‡`i mv‡_ we‡iva, m‡Z¨i w`‡K Awek¦ vmx‡`icÖ wZ AvnŸv b BZ¨vw` welqmgn| wKš‘ gw`bvq AeZxY© mivmg ‡n Dc‡ivw jø wLZ welqvw`i AwZwi³ cwievi, mgvR, A_© bxwZ, †`Iqvwb I†dŠR`vwi `Êwewa BZ¨vw` welqK AvBbx aviv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv miv hw` cÖ_‡g g°vq bvwRj nq Ges Gi Ab¨vb¨ AvqvZmgn cieZx© ‡Z hw` gw`bv‡ZI bvwRj n‡q _v‡K †mB miv‡K g°x miv ejv n‡e| Avi †Kvb
miv g°x Ges †K vbwU gv`vbx Zv wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q mvnvwe I Zv‡ewqb‡`i eY© bvi †cÖ wÿ‡Z|
wewfbœ wnmve †_‡K †`Lv hvqÑ KiAv‡b cÖ vq 500wU AvBb msµvšÍ welqvw` weeZ n‡q‡Q| GmKj wewaweavb msµvšÍ Avqv‡Z e¨³ n‡q‡Q ÿwZKviKcÖ_v †hgbÑ wkï nZ¨v, m`, Rqv, mxgvnxb eûweevn, ÿwZciY, †gŠwjK Bev`Z †ÿ‡Î bvgvR, †ivRv, nR, RvKvZ BZ¨vw` cÖ m‡½| Av‡iv ewY© Z n‡q‡Q `vb, kc_, weevn, ZvjvK, BÏZ, †gvni, fiY‡cvlY, wkïicÖ wZcvjb, `acvb, wcZZ¡, DËivwaKvi Ges †nev msµvšÍ welqvw`|GQvovI Av‡Q e¨emvwqK Av`vbcÖ `vb †hgbÑ µq, weµq, avi, eÜK, abx-Mwi‡ei gv‡S m¤úK© , b¨vqwePvi, mvÿ¨, h× Ges kvwšÍ BZ¨vw` welq|
Rvwbœ ( Ñ AbgvbMZ) Ges KvZC ( Ñ wbwðZ) `BwU wel‡q Dmjcv‡V Av‡jvPbv nq| KvZC Ges Rvwbœ aviYvwU Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q cvV(Text) Ges cv‡Vi A_© †evSv‡Z| KiAv‡bi mg Í̄ cvVB KvZC, A_© vr KiAv‡bi eY© bv m‡›`nvZxZ| KiA v‡bi evB‡i Avi †h cvV‡K KvZCi gh© v`v †`qv nq Zv n‡jv gZvIqvwZi nvw`m Ges mbœ vn| Ab¨vb¨ nvw`m Ges BRwZnv` Rvwbœ ch© vqf³|
KvZC: KiAv‡bi †hmKj cvV m¯úó k‡ã AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv( ) weeZ n‡q‡Q Ges k‡ãi GKwU gvÎ A_© enb K‡i GmKjcvV‡K A_© MZ w`K †_‡KI KvZC e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
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Rvwbœ: hv KvZCi msÁvi g‡a¨ c‡o bv Zv-B Rvwbœ| KvZC Ges Rvwbœ i ¸iæZ¡ wbf© i K‡i AvwK`vMZ wel‡qi †ÿ‡Î Ges AvnKvgMZ welqvejxi Í̄ iweb¨v‡m diR ( ), IqvwRe ( ), mbœ vn ( ), nvivg ( ), gvKiƒn ( ) BZ¨vw`| AvwK`v ( ) ev wek¦ vm msµvšÍ welqvejx wba© vwiZ nq KvZC cvV I KvZC A‡_© i mgš^ ‡q| GKRb e¨w³ Kv‡di e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e hw` †m KiAv‡bi KvZC cvV‡K A_ev gZvIqvwZi mbœ vn‡K
A ^̄ xKvi K‡ib, Ab¨_vq bq| GKBfv‡e diRI wba© vwiZ nq KvZC cvVI cv‡Vi KvZC A_© mnKv‡i (`ª óe¨: cwi‡”Q` 17, W. nvwkg Kvgvwj, wcÖ wÝcjm Ae BmjvwgK RwimcÖ æ‡WÝ)|
KiAv‡bi AwaKvsk cvV A_© MZ w`K †_‡K KvZC| A_© MZ w`K †_‡K Rvwbœ G iKg k‡ãi D`vniY miv wbmvi (evbZKgÑ †Zvgv‡`i Kb¨viv) kã (KiAvb, 4:23) Ges miv gv‡q`vi ÑÑÑ (BqvbdvD wgbvj Avi`Ñcw_ex †_‡K wbe©vmb) kã| Gme kã ev evK¨vsk ^̄ ZtB m¯úó bq, ZvBG¸wj Rvwbœ|
KvZC I Rvwbœ i Av‡jvPbvq KiAvb I mbœ vn G‡K Ac‡ii cwiciK| †h
†Kv‡bv GKwU Rvwbœ AvqvZ KvZC e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bvGKwU KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZC mbœ vni gva¨‡g| GKBfv‡e Rvwbœ mbœ vn KvZC mbœ vn‡Z cwiMwYZ n‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZC mbœ vni mg_© ‡b|
hZ`i m¤¢ e KiAvwbK AvB‡bi en`sk e¨vcK Avw½‡K (BroaderOutlines) cÖ `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ejv P‡j Le Kg †ÿ‡ÎB KiAvb we Í̄ vwiZfv‡e wewawb‡la eY© bv K‡i‡Q| mZivs G msµvšÍ Ach© vßZv `i Ki‡Z Ges cÖ ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B mbœ vn Ges BRwZnv‡`i Dci wbf© ikxj n‡Z n‡e|
fveevi welq n‡jv, AvnKv‡gi Kvh©KviY (ZvwjjÑ ) wK Zv wb‡q AbmÜvb Kivi †Kv‡bv GLwZqvi Avgv‡`i Av‡Q wK bv? AwaKvsk Dmj we‡klÁ‡`i gZ G wel‡q ïa n¨v †evaKB bq, AwaKš‘ BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g Bmjvgx AvB‡ bi AvawbKvq‡bi Rb¨ AZxe RiæwiI e‡U|
hv‡nvK, Aí msL¨K we‡klÁ g‡b K‡ib Zvwjj Ab‡gvw`Z bq Ges GKB hw³‡Z wKqvmI mg_© bxq bq| Z‡e GB avivi gZwU `e© j Ges m¤¢ eZ Zvwj‡ji D‡Ïk¨ bv †evSvi Kvi‡YB G avivi mwó n‡q‡Q| Ab¨ Av‡iKwU we‡eP¨ welq n‡jv Avmeve Avj-bRj ( )Ñ AvqvZ bvwR‡ji †cÖ ÿvcU| KiAv‡bi †Kv‡bv AvBb Avmeve Avj-bRj Øviv mxgvwqZ bq| Z‡e Avmeve Avj-bRj KiAvb I Gi AvBb eS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
mbœ vn
Aviwe fvlvq mbœ vn k‡ãi kvwãK A_© n‡jv c`wPý (beaten track) ev AvPi‡Yi cÖwZwôZ aviv| Bmjvgce© Avieiv mbœ vn kã Øviv cÖ vPxb A_evcÖ PwjZ Abkvmb‡K eSv‡Zv| nvw`‡mi Av‡jg‡`i g‡Z ivmj (m.) n‡Z ewY© Z e³e¨, Kg© Ges bxie m¤§wZÑ GB wZ‡bi mgwóB n‡jv mbœ vn| Dmj ev AvBbkv‡ ¿̄ AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e mbœ vn kãwUi e¨envi †`Lv hvq| D`vniY n‡jvÑ ivmj (m.)-Gi we`vq nR Ges gqvR Be‡b Rvjvj (iv.)-†K Bqvgb cvVv‡bvi eY© bvq|
AvBbZ‡Ë¡ mbœ vn kãwUi mPbv nq wnRwi cÖ_g kZ‡Ki †k‡l| D‡jøL Kiv
`iKvi †h wØZxq kZ‡Ki †klv‡a© Bgvg kvwdC mbœ vn kãwU ivmj (m.)-Gi mbœ vn‡Z mxgvwqZ K‡i †`b| Dmjj wdKn‡Z mbœ vn‡K kwiqvni wØZxq Drm wn‡m‡e †evSv‡bv nqÑ KiAv‡b i ci hvi ’̄ vb| wKš‘ wdKvniIjvgv‡`i Kv‡Q mbœ vn ej‡Z cÖ v_wgKfv‡e kwiq‡Zi †mB Ask‡K †evSvq hv Aek¨ KiYxq ch© vqf³ bq, Z‡e Zv gv›`e ev Ab‡gvw`Z ch© vqf³| G wel‡q ûK‡g kiqx Aa¨vq †`Lb| wKš‘ kwiq‡Zi Drm wn‡m‡e mbœ vn †Kv‡bv wKQ‡K IqvwRe, nvivg ev gvKiæn e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvaviY e¨env‡i mbœ vn Ges nvw`m Dfq kãB ivmj (m.)-Gi AvPi‡Yi mgv_© K wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| mbœvn †Kv‡bv wKQ cÖ wZôvi Rb¨ GKwU cÖ gvY(û¾vn)| KiAvb mvÿ¨ †`q †h, mbœ vn Avjø vni wbKU †_‡K †cÖ iYvg jK
(KiAvb, 53:3)| KiAvb ivmj (m.)-†K gvb‡Z wb‡`© k K‡i‡Q (KiAvb,4:59, 4:80, 33:36, 59:7)| ivmj (m.)-†K wePviK gvb‡Z Avjø vn wek¦ vmx‡`i‡K Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb|
GK ai‡bi †kª wYweb¨vm Abhvqx mbœ vn‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq:
KvDwj ( )Ñ †gŠwLK D”PviY,
†dBwj ( )Ñ ev Í̄ e Kg© Ges
ZvKwiwi ( )Ñ bxie Ab‡gv`b|
wewaMZ Ges AwewaMZ mbœ vnÑ G `B fv‡MI mbœ vn‡K fvM Kiv hvq|
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wewaMZ mbœ vn ev mbœ vn ZvkwiBq¨v ( ) ej‡Z GKRb bex, kvmK I wePviK wn‡m‡e ivmj (m.) KZ© K mKj e³e¨ I K‡g©i mgwó‡K †evSvq|
AwewaMZ mbœ vn ev mbœ vn Mvqi ZvkwiBq¨v ( ) n‡jv ivmj (m.)-Gi Lv`¨ vf¨vm, wb`ª vhvcb, cwi‡aq †cvlvK -cwi‡”Q` Ges Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ AvPiY hv kwiq‡Zi Ask e‡j we‡ewPZ bq|
Ôbiæj Av‡bvqviÕ bvgK Dmj MÖ ‡š’ ivmj (m.)-Gi Gme Kvh© Kjvc‡K Af¨vm ( Ñ Av`Z) wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKQ wKQ AvPiY Aek¨ `‡Uv As‡kB c‡o e‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i | GKRb †h vM¨ we‡kl‡Ái c‡ÿBGB wefvRb Kiv m¤¢ e| AwaKvsk we‡kl‡Ái g‡Z wPwKrmvwe`¨v, K wlwe`¨v BZ¨vw` †ckvMZ wel‡q ewY© Z mbœ vn kwiqvni AšÍ f© ³ bq| ivmj (m.)-Gi†mmKj K_v I KvR hv we‡kl Ae ’̄ vi mv‡_ m¤úwK© Z, †hgbÑ hׇKŠkj, kÎæcÿ‡K weåvšÍ Kivi †KŠkj, Avµg‡Yi mgqmwP, Ae‡iv a A_ev Ae‡iva Z‡j †bqvÑ GmKj mvgwqK Ae ’̄ vaxb welqvejx kwiqvnf³ bq|
Av‡iv wKQ welq Av‡Q hv ïa ivmj (m.)-Gi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ ‡hvR¨| †hgbÑ Zvi ¿̄ xi msL¨v, †gvni e¨ZxZ we‡q, ivmj (m.)-Gi ¿̄ x‡`i cbwe© ev‡n
wb‡lavÁv| KiAvb I mbœ vni cÖ KwZMZ wfbœ Zv, mbœ vni h_v_© Zv Ges mbœ vn †h‡nZ KiAv‡bi we¯ — Z e¨vL¨v ZvB mbœ vni Dci Aek¨B KiAv‡bi cÖ vavb¨ _vK‡e| hw` KL‡bv Df‡qi g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv †`q Z‡e Aek¨B KiAvbcÖ vavb¨ cv‡e| KL‡bvB mbœ vni AbK‡j KiAvb evwZj n‡e bv|
D‡jøL Kiv `iKvi †h, mbœ vn †ewki fvM †ÿ‡ÎB KiAvb‡K mg_© b K‡i| mbœ vn KiAv‡bi mvjvZ, RvKvZ, nR, m`, †jb‡`bÑ Giƒc Av‡iv A‡bK wel‡q AwaKZi e¨vL¨v cÖ `vb K‡i Ges ¯úóZi K‡i †Zv‡j| mbœvni Av‡iKwU Ask n‡jv wfwËgjK mbœ vn ( Ñmbœ vn Avj gAvm& mvmvn) A_© vr †h weavb mbœ vn‡ZB †Kej i‡q‡Q, †hgbÑ ¿̄ x I Zvi Lvjv ev dd ‡KGK‡Î weevn Kivi wb‡lav Áv A_ev m¤úwËi cÖvK µ‡qi AwaKvi (ïdv) BZ¨vw`i D‡jøL KiAv‡b cvIqv hvq bv| mbœ vn Avj gAvm& mvmvn KZ © KcÖ `Ë wb‡lavÁv I Zvi AwaKv‡ii `óvšÍ KiAv‡b D‡jøL e¨ZxZ mbœ vni wfwˇZB n‡q _v‡K|
nvw`m kv‡ ¿̄ i we‡klÁiv msMnxZ nvw`m‡K MÖ ‡š’ ’̄ vb †`evi c‡e© msMÖ ‡ni mgqB mKj nvw`m‡K wbixÿY K‡i †`‡L‡Qb nvw`mmg‡ni Bmbv`(eY© bvmÎ) h_v_© wK bv Ges GB wbixÿvi wfwˇZ nvw`mmgn‡KÑ mwnn( ), nvmvb ( ), RBd ( ) ev `e© j Ges gvIR (ÑÑÑ) ev ev‡bvqvU GB Pvi fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb|
GL‡bv nvw`m kv‡ ¿̄ i cbtwbixÿv Pjgvb| eZ© gvb kZ ‡K bvwmiæwÏb
Avjevwb G wel‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| hviv Aviwe‡Z cvi`kx© Zviv Avjevwbi wjwLZ MÖ š’ mgn †`L‡Z cv‡ib| Gi evB‡iI Gg Gg AvRwg iwPZ Ô÷vwWR Bb nvw`m †g_WjwRÕ †`L‡Z cv‡ib|
gZvIqvwZi ( ) nvw`m cÖ vq †ÿ‡ÎB aviYvMZfv‡e KvZC wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq ( ÑgZvIqvwZi wej gvÕbv)|
wKQ nvw`m Av‡Q hv Aÿ‡i Aÿ‡i gZvIqvwZi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ (ÑgZvIqvwZi wej jvdR)|
Av‡iv D‡jøL Kiv `iKvi †h gZvIqvwZi nvw`‡mi eY© bvKvixi msL¨v A‡bK n‡q _v‡K Ges A‡bK mgq Zviv wewfbœ †jvKvj‡qi Awaevmx, ZvB wg_¨v D™¢ ve‡bi m¤¢ vebvI Kg| gZvIqvwZi nvw`‡mi kZ© mgn n‡jvÑ
1. AmsL¨ eY© bvKvix _vK‡e;
2. eY© bv cÖ Z¨ÿ Áv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i n‡e;
3. eY© bv fvlvMZ w`K w`‡q ev Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK‡Z¡ i w`K w`‡q h_vh_ n‡e;
4. eY© bv mgKvjxb †MvÎxq I ivR‰bwZK cÖ fveg³ n‡e| Dm‡ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv‡`i g‡Z gZvIqvwZi nvw`‡mi KZ© Z¡ KiAv‡bi mgZj¨| gZvIqvwZi nvw`m ¯úó (KvZC) Ges G nvw`‡mi A¯̂ xKwZ KiAvb A ^̄ xKwZi mgZj¨|
gvkûi nvw`m ej‡Z †evSvq †h nvw`‡mi eY© bvKvix wZbRb ev Z‡ZvwaK Z‡e AmsL¨ bv, wKš‘ cieZx© ‡Z nvw`mwU eûj Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk Av‡jg‡`i g‡Z gvkûi nvw`m GK a i‡bi Avnv` ( ) nvw`m Ges GcÖ Kvi nvw`m ¯úó (KvZC) bq eis AbgvbgjK (hv AKvU¨ Ávb cÖ `vb K‡i bv)|
Avnv` nvw`m: AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î GKRb mvnvev KZ© K Gme nvw`m ewY© Z n‡q‡Q Ges `B - wZb cÖ R‡b¥i Av‡M nvw`m¸‡jv cwiwPwZ cvq wb, hv †Kv‡bv ¯úó Ávb †`q bv| AwaKvsk AvBbwe‡`i g‡Z hw` Avnv` nvw`m GKRb wek¦ Í̄ eY© bvKvixi gva¨‡g ewY© Z nq Z‡e nvw`mwU AvB‡bi wfwË n‡Z cv‡i| wKQ AvBb wekvi` hw`I Avnv` nvw`‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i kwiqvn weavb `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î gZvgZ w`‡q‡Qb, Z‡e AvwK`v (Cgvb) Ges n` (ÑBmjv‡gi `Êwewa) Avnv` nvw`‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡ o DV‡Z cv‡i bv| Bgvg gvwjK Ggb †Kv‡bv Avnv` nvw`‡mi Dci Av ’̄ v ’̄ vcb K‡ib wb hv gw`bvi cÖ wZwôZ cÖ_vi wecixZ| AwaKvsk Bgv‡gi g‡Z bxwZMZfv‡e Avnv ̀nvw`‡mi KZ©Z¡ ZLbB _vK‡e hw` Zv GKRb wek¦ Í̄ eY© bvKvixi Øviv
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ewY© Z nq| AwaKvsk Av‡jg g‡b K‡ib bv †h, Avnv` nvw`m ûeû GKRb †_‡K Ab¨R‡bi wbKU ewY© Z n‡Z n‡e| Avnv` nvw`‡mi AvswkKI ewY© Z n‡Z cv‡i hw` ewY© Z Ask mvgwMÖ K nvw`mwUi mv‡_ mvsNwl© K bv nq|
hw` †Kv‡bv nvw`m †ek wKQ eY© bvKvix Øviv ewY© Z nq, Kv‡iv eY© bv‡Z hw` Ab¨‡`i †P‡q AwZwi³ eY© bv ms‡hvwRZ _v‡K ZLb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ Z n‡e †h nvw`mwU GKB ˆeV‡K D”PvwiZ n‡qwQj wK bv? hw` ZvB nq Z‡e AwaKvsk eY© bvKvixi eY© bvq †hUv G‡m‡Q †mUv‡KB MÖ nY Ki‡Z n‡e|
gËvwmj ( Ñwbiew”Qbœ) Ges MvBi Avj gËvwmj ( Ñwew”Qbœ nvw`m):
gËvwmj ( Ñ wbiew”Qbœ): gZvIqvwZi ( ), gvkûi ( ) Ges Avnv` ( ) nvw`m hw` Awew”Qbœ fv‡e ivmj (m.) †_‡K ewY© Z nq Zvn‡j Zv gËvwmj ch© vqf³|
MvBi Avj gËvwmj ( Ñ wew”Qbœ) nvw`m: gimvj ( ), g`vj ( ) Ges gbKvZC ( ) MvBi Avj gËvwmj ch© vqf³ nvw`m|
gimvj nvw`m: AwaKvsk
Av‡jg‡`i g‡Z †h
nvw`m mvnvevi bv‡gv‡jøL
e¨ZxZ GKRb Zv‡ewq‡bi gL n‡Z ewY© Z n‡q‡Q ZvB n‡jv gimvj nvw`m| AwaKvsk Av‡jg gimvj nvw`m‡K cÖ vgvY¨ wn‡m‡e MÖ nY K‡ib wb| Bgvg Avng` Ges Bgvg kvwdC gimvj nvw`‡mi Dci Av ’̄ v ’̄vcb K‡ib wb hw` bv nvw`mwU GKRb weL¨vZ Zv‡ewq KZ© K ewY© Z bv nq Ges G †ÿ‡ÎIMÖ nY‡hvM¨ n‡e hw` KwZcq kZ© cvwjZ nq (Gme k‡Z© i D‡jøL Dm‡ji eBmg‡n Av‡Q)| Ab¨w`‡K Bgvg Ave nvwbdv Ges Bgvg gvwjK Ab¨ `B Bgv‡gi †P‡q gimvj nvw`m MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Kg K‡VviZv Aej¤^ b K‡i‡Qb|
gbKvwZ ( ) nvw`m: †hmKj nvw`‡mi mb‡` GKRb eY© bvKvixi bvg Abcw ’̄ Z i‡q‡Q Zv‡K gbKvwZ ( ) nvw`m e‡j|
g`vj ( ) nvw`m: g`vj ( ) nvw`m n‡jv ZvB, †h nvw`‡mi mb‡` cici `Rb eY© bvKvixi bvg Abcw ’̄ Z|
nvw`mmgn‡K Avevi mwnn, nvmvb Ges RBd GB wZb fv‡MI fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mwnn ( ) nvw`m: †Kv‡bv nvw`m‡K mwnn ejv hv‡e (mwnn GB A‡_© †h, nvw`mwU eY© bvKvix AZ¨šÍ wek¦ Í̄; GB A‡_© bq †h nvw`mwU me© vZ¥Kfv‡e mwVK ev KvZC) hw` nvw`mwU AZ¨šÍ wek¦ Í̄ ( Ñ wmKvZb mvweZb) A_ev wek¦ Í̄ ( Ñ mvweZb) eY© bvKvix Øviv ewY© Z nq|
nvmvb ( ) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m nvmvb e‡ j MnxZ n‡ e hw`
eY© bvKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †KD mvw`K (mZ¨ev`x), mvw`K Bqvwng (mZ¨ev`x m‡Ë¡I fj K‡i) Ges gvKej (Ggb e¨w³ †h Awek¦ Í̄ bq)-Gi wb‡P bv hvq|
RBd ( ) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m RBd ( ) e‡j MnxZ n‡e hw` eY© bvKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †KD gvRûj ( Ñ AcwiwPZ) A_ev dvwmK(ZvKIqvi †ÿ‡Î D`vmxb) e¨w³ _v‡K|
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0
(T
KiAvb I mbœvni e¨vL¨v
Dmjj wdKn ( )-Gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡cY© we‡eP¨ welq n‡jv Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK Drm KiAvb I mbœvn‡K wKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡e| KivAvb Ges mbœvni cvV Ges cv‡Vi A_© †evSvi Rb¨B G e¨vL¨v †KŠkj Rvbv `iKvi|†Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` KiAvb I mbœ vn‡K MfxiZifv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zvi Aviwe fvlvi Ávb cÖ ‡qvRb| GRb¨ Dmjj wdKni †jLKMY Dmjj wdKni cvV¨mwP‡Z k‡ãi †kª wYwefvM ms‡hvwRZ K‡i‡Qb|
cvV (Text) ^̄ qs hw` cÖ gvY (û¾vn) n‡q _v‡K Z‡e mvaviYZ e¨vL¨v KivicÖ qvm †bqv nq bv| hv‡nvK, wdKn A_ev AvB‡bi en`sk e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡gB
iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU D‡jøL Kiv `iKvi †h Zvwej ( Ñ e¨vL¨v) Ges Zvdwmi ( ) GK welq bq|
Zvdwmi ( ): Zvdwm‡ii jÿ¨ n‡jv cÖ `Ë cv‡Vi A_© e¨vL¨v Kiv Ges D³ cv‡Vi cwimxgv †_‡K AvB‡bi aviv †ei K‡i AšÍ wb© wnZ fve cÖ Kvk Kiv|
Zvwej ( Ñ e¨vL¨v): Zvwe‡ji jÿ¨ n‡jv cv‡Vi kvwãK A‡_©i evB‡i †h‡q Ges j°vwqZ A_© †ei Kivi †Póv Kiv, hv cÖ vqB AbgvbKZ hw³ Ges BRwZnv‡`i Dci wbf© ikxj|
cv‡Vi cÖ ‡Z¨KwU k‡ãi cÖ KZ ( Ñ gZjvK), mvaviY ( Ñ Avg) Ges
kvwãK A_© mvaviYZ MÖ nY Kiv nq| Zvdwmi ZvkwiC: hw` KiAvb ev mbœ vni GKvs‡ki e¨vL¨v ( Ñ Zvwej) KiAvb ev mbœ vni Ab¨ Ask Øviv cÖ `vb Kiv nq Z‡e G‡K Zvdwmi ZvkwiC e‡j Ges GB e¨vL¨vKZ Ask‡K AcwieZ© bxq AvB‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Z‡e hw` Zvdwmi A_ev Zvwej gZvgZ ev BRwZnv‡`i ( ) iƒc †bq Z‡e G e¨vL¨vmgn‡K Rvwbœ we‡ePbv Kiv nqGes Gi Øviv KL‡bv wKQ IqvwRe nq bv|
¯úó kã (AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv): ب_© nxb kãmgn‡K Pvi †kª wY‡Z fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kª wY PviwU n‡jvÑ
Rvwni ( ),
bvm ( ),
gdvm& mvi ( ) Ges
gn&Kvg ( )|
Rvwni ( ): Rvwni n‡jv †mB ai‡bi kã hvi A_© ¯úó Ges ب_© nxb, Z_vwcI Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥³ †Kb bv GmKj k‡ãi A_© cÖ m‡½i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj bq|
bvm ( ): bvm n‡jv ب_© nxb ¯úó kã Ges cÖ m‡½i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj|GwUI Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥³|
Rvwni Avi bvm kã؇qi g‡a¨ cv_© K¨ wbf© i K‡i Dwjø wLZ kãwUi A_©cÖ m‡½i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj wK-bv wKsev kãwUi A_© gL¨ bv †MŠY Zvi Dci| Rvwni Avi bvm kãmg‡ni ¯úó A_© MÖ nY Ki‡Z n‡e| wdKn kv‡ ¿̄ÔbvmÕ kãwUi ce© Av‡jvwPZ A‡_© i evB‡i Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡cY© A‡_© e¨envi Kiv nq, hvi A_© KiAvb Ges mbœ vni wbw`© ó cvV | GLv‡b Aek¨
G A‡_© bvm kãwU e¨eüZ nq wb|
ext)
gdvm& mvi ( ) Ges gnKvg ( ): gdvm& mvi (ب_© nxb) Ges gnKvg(cÖ vÄj) kã ej‡Z †mme kãmgn‡K †evSvq hv mvwe© Kfv‡e ¯úó GesG‡ÿ‡Î Zvwe‡ji Avkª ‡qi cÖ ‡qvRb nq bv| Rvwni Avi bvm kãmg‡ni mv‡_ gdvm& mvi Avi gnKvg kã؇qi cv_© K¨ GLv‡bB| ¯úóZvi w`K †_‡K gdvm& mvi Avi gnKvg kã؇qi gv‡S †Kv‡bv cv_© K¨ †bB| Z‡e AvBbwe`iv kã؇qi g‡a¨ wfbœ Zv Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb bvmL ( )-Gi†cÖ wÿ‡Z| Gi Bs‡iwR cÖ wZkã n‡jv Abrogation ev cwieZ© b-cwiea© b wKsev ms‡hvRb - we‡qvRb| AvBbwe`‡`i g‡Z gnKvg bvmL‡hvM¨ bq, Avi gdvm& mvi bvmL‡hvM¨| Z‡e G cv_© ‡K¨i Le GKUv cÖ v‡qvwMKZv †bB| †Kb
bv GLb bZb K‡i Avi bvm‡Li AeKvk †bB| A¯úó kã: A¯úó kã ( Ñ Avj AvjdvR MvBi Iqvw`nvn) Pvi †kª wYf³| h_v:
Lvwd ( Ñ `‡e© va¨),
gkwKj ( Ñ Avqvmmva¨),
gRgvj ( Ñ mswÿß A_© ‡evaK) Ges
gZvkvwen ( Ñ RwUj I cÖ ”Qbœ)|
Lvwd ( ): Lvwdi D`vniY n‡jv mvwiKv ( Ñ Pwi) kãwU AvswkKfv‡e
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¯úó bq ev `‡e© va¨, †Kbbv Ôc‡KUgviÕ Pwii ch© vqf³ wK bv Zv †eva Mg¨ bq, wKš‘ GUv Rvbv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| hw` Ôc‡KUgviÕ Pwii AšÍ f©³ bv nq(GUvB AwaKvsk AvBbwe`‡`i gZ) Z‡e Ôc‡KUgviÕ n‡`i (KiAvb Ges mbœvn ewY© Z `Ðwewa AvBb) m¤§wLb bv n‡q ZvwR‡ii (AvBb cÖ ‡qvMKvix‡`i Øviv cÖYxZ AvBb) m¤§wLb n‡e|
gkwKj ( ): gkwKj k‡ãi GKvwaK A_© _v‡K| ZvB cv‡V¨i cÖ KZ A_© wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ BRwZnv` ( ) I Zvwe‡ji ( ) kiYvcbœ n‡Z nq(G‡ÿ‡Î GKvwaK gZvgZ _vK‡Z cv‡i)| gkwKj mnRvZfv‡e ب_© K kã|
gRgvj ( ): gRgvj †mmKj kã I cvV‡K wb‡`© k K‡i hv mnRvZfv‡e A ^̄ ”Q Ges †KvbwU mwVK A_© †m e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv wb‡`© kbvI †`q bv| gRgvj k‡ãi bvbvwea A_© _vK‡Z cv‡i A_ev GwU GKwU AcwiwPZ kã n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc mvjvZ, nR, wiev Ges wmqvg kãmg‡ni D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G kãmgn Zv‡`i kvwãK A_© nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q Ges eZ© gv‡b k㸇jv †UKwbK¨vj ev kiC A_© MÖ nY K‡i‡Q|
hv‡nvK, G kãmgn c‡ivcwi cwi®‹vi ( Ñ gdvm& mvi) iƒc cwiMÖ n K‡i‡Q, †h‡nZ G e¨vcv‡i mbœ vn‡Z h_vh_ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 101 bs mivi 1-5 bs Avqv‡Z Dwjø wLZ ÔAvj KvwiqvnÕ kãwU gRgvj k‡ãi D`vniY| kãwU KiAvb KZ© K e¨vL¨vZ, d‡j Zv ¯úó iƒc cwiMÖ n K‡i‡Q| hw` kãwUi cwicY© e¨vL¨v Avjø vn KZ© K cÖ `vb Kiv bv n‡Zv Z‡e gRgvj kãwU gkwKj e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡Zv Ges BRwZnv` I Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ kãwU Db¥³ _vK‡Zv|
gZvkvwen ( Ñ RwUj I cÖ ”Qbœ): gZvkvwen (RwUj) n‡jv Ggb kã hvi A_© inm¨gq| nidj gKvËvAvZ ( ) h_v Avwjd jvg wgg n‡jv gZvkvwenvZ kãmg‡ni D`vniY| †KDB Gme k‡ãi A_© Rv‡b bv| A‡bK
we‡klÁ KiAv‡bi †hmKj Avqv‡Z gvb‡li mv‡_ Avjøvni mv`k¨ Avbv n‡q‡Q †mmKj AvqvZ‡K gZvkvwen ch© vqf³ e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| Avevi wKQ we‡kl‡Ái g‡Z nidj gKvËvqvZMZ e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bv kã gZvkvwen ch© vqf³ bq| AvBb iwPZ nq Ggb cv‡V gZvkvwen kã †bB|
k‡ãi GKcÖ Kvi fvM n‡”Q Avg Ges Lvm| e¨env‡ii `wó‡KvY †_‡K kãmgn‡K Avg Ges Lvm `B fv‡M web¨vm Kiv hvq|
Avg ( Ñ mvaviY): Avg n‡”Q †mmKj kã hvi GKwU gvÎ A_© _v‡K Ges hv A‡bK msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv nq| cwigvY msL¨v Øviv G e¨envi mxgvwqZ bq Ges †hmKj wel‡q kãwU cÖ ‡hvR¨ Zvi mKj‡KB kãwU aviY
K‡i| Avg ch© vqf³ k‡ãi D`vniY n‡jv Bbmvb ( )Ñ evsjvq gvbl| hLb Aviwe‡Z Avj ( ) AvwU© ‡KjwU †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ c‡`i c‡e© e¨eüZ nq ZLb we‡kl¨ c`wU Avg e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| Aviwe fvlvq Rvwg (Ñ mKj), Kvd& dv (---Ñ mKj), Kjø ( Ñ mKj) kãÎq hw` Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
kãmg‡ni c‡e© ev c‡i e¨eüZ nq ZLb Zv Avg e‡j cwiMwYZ nq| D`vniY¯ ^iƒ c GKwU nvw`‡m i D‡jøL Kiv †h‡ Z cv‡i ; †hgb
(jv `vivi Iqvjv w`iviv wdj Bmjvg)| A_© Ñ Bmjv‡g Kó †`qv Ges Kó MÖ nY †bB| hLb †Kv‡bv Av‡`k Avg k‡ãi e¨envi‡hv‡M Kiv nq ZLb Av‡`kwU cÖ ‡hvR¨ mKj †ÿ‡ÎB Av‡ivwcZ n‡e| Av‡gi †ÿÎ wba© vi‡Yi Rb¨ ïa fvlvi e¨vKi‡Yi w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡jB Pj‡e bv eis ev Í̄ weK †ÿ‡Î gvb‡li e¨env‡ii w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Ges hw` KL‡bv e¨vKiY ixwZ I e¨envwiK ixwZi g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv †`q †m‡ÿ‡Î e¨envwiK ixwZB cÖ vavb¨ cv‡e| Avg kã wZb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| h_v:
1. mvwe©Kfv‡e mvaviY ( ) gv wgb `veŸvwZb (û`:6)
2. Avg hv Avm‡j _vgv (Avj Bgivb:97)
3. Avg hv ........ we‡klvwq Z Kiv nq (evKviv: 228, Avnhve:49)|
& Aviwe‡Z ÔwZwbÕ kãwU Lvm, Z‡e kZ© v‡ivwcZ ev‡K¨ kãwU e¨eüZ n‡j kãwU Avg n‡q hvq (KiAvb 2:185, 4:92)|
Lvm ( Ñ wbw ©̀ ó): Lvm Ggb kã hv mxwgZ msL¨vi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq Z‡e e¨eüZ †ÿ‡Îi mKj wKQ‡KB AšÍ f© ³ K‡i| †hgbÑ GK, `B, GKkZ, Bgivb, GKwU †Nvov, GKRb gvblÑ GmKj kã Lvm k‡ãi D`vniY| AvBbMZ †h weavb ev wb‡`©k mwbw`© ó avivq ewY© Z n‡q‡Q cÖ ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Zv wbw`© ó Ges Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥³ bq| G e¨vcv‡i HKgZ¨ n‡”Q Lvm
n‡jv KvZC A_©vr Gi A_© Ges cÖ ‡qvM †h †Kv‡bv m‡›`‡ni D‡aŸ© | D‡jøL Kiv cÖ ‡qvRb †h, KiAvb I nvw `‡mi e¨eüZ 99 fvM kãB Avg ( )|
Av‡jgMY Avg kãwU Rvwbœ bv KvZC G e¨vcv‡i wfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡ib| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z Avg n‡jv Rvwbœ, Z‡e Ab¨‡`i g‡Z Avg n‡jv KvZC| G gZwe‡iv‡ai djvdj cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq Avg I Lv‡mi we‡iv‡ai †ÿ‡Î|GKB wel‡q KiAvb I mbœ vn‡Z `wU wfbœ eY© bv cvIqv †M‡j Ges eY© bv `wUi GKwU Avg I Ab¨wU Lvm n‡j AwaKvsk Av‡j‡gi g‡Z Lvm cÖ vavb¨ cv‡e| Ab¨ As‡ki g‡Z Avg Lvm Øviv we‡klvwqZ n‡e|
AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z Lvm n‡jv KvZC, Avg KvZC bq| Gi d‡j Lvm Av‡gi Dci cÖ vavb¨ cv‡e| msL¨vjN As‡ki g‡Z AvgI KvZC Ges ZvB `wU
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weavb hw` mg‡qi µgvbmv‡i mgvšÍ ivj nq Z‡e Avg Lvm Øviv we‡klvwqZ n‡e| Lvm i` n‡q hv‡e hw` Av‡gi DrcwË c‡i nq| Avg AvswkKfv‡e we‡klvwqZ n‡e hw` Lv‡mi DrcwË c‡i nq| AwaKvs‡ki gZvbmv‡i GKwU Avg cÖ Í̄ vebv GKwU wbf© i‡hvM¨ ev KvZC evK¨vsk Øviv we‡klvwqZ n‡Zcv‡i Ges GB evK¨vskwU GKB cv‡Vi ev Avqv‡Zi wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Avqv‡ZI n‡Z cv‡i| Avi G mewKQ m¤¢ e BmwZmbv ( e¨wZµg,
D`vniYÑ KiAvb, 2:282), Kvq` (kZ© , D`vniYÑ KiAvb, 4:12), wmdvZ ( ¸Y, D`vniYÑ KiAvb, 4:23), Mvqvn (cÖ ‡qv‡Mi mxgv, D`vniYÑ KiAvb, 5:6) BZ¨vw`i ga¨ w`‡q|
Av‡gi djvdj n‡jv GUv mvaviYB _vK‡e, hw` bv Avg‡K we‡klvwqZ Kiv nq| GgbwK AvswkK we‡klvwqZ Kivi ciI Awe‡klvwqZ As‡ki Rb¨ AvgB we‡eP¨ | Av‡g i ZvLwmm (mxgve×Zv) _vKK ev bv _vK K AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z mvwe©Kfv‡e Avg Abgvb‡hvM¨ (Rvwbœ) Ges Avg Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥³|
k‡ãi Ab¨cÖ Kvi fvM n‡”Q gZjvK Ges gKvq¨v`|
gZjvK ( ) : gZjvK Ggb kã wb‡`© k K‡i hv cÖ ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mxgvwqZ bq| hLb Avgiv ewj ÔGKwU eBÕ G K_vwU †Kv‡bv iKg mxgve×Zv Qvov †h †Kv‡bv eB‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ ‡qvM Kiv hvq| gZjvK n‡jv AmxgvwqZ kã|
gKvq¨v` ( ) : hLb gZjvK kã Ab¨ kã ev kãm¤¢ vi Øviv mxwgZ(qualified) nq ZLb kãwU gKvq¨v` n‡q hvq| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc ejv hvq,ÔGKwU jvj eBÕ| Avg I Lvm †hLv‡b k‡ãi cwiwa wb‡q ch© v‡jvPbv K‡i gZjvK I gKvq¨v` †mLv‡b k‡ãi cÖ ‡qv‡Mi mxgv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i(hw`I gZjv‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡gi I gKvq¨v‡`i mv‡_ Lv‡mi mv`k¨ Av‡Q)| gZjv‡Ki GKwU D`vniY n‡jv Ô`vm g³ K‡i `vIÕ (KiAvb, 5:92)|
gKvq¨v‡`i D`vniY n‡jv Ôgwgb (wek¦ vmx) `vm g³ K‡i `vIÕ (KiAvb,4:92)|
iƒcK)| mvaviYfv‡e kãmgn kvwãK A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| kvwãK A_© iƒcK A‡_© i †P‡q †ewk cÖ vavb¨ cv‡e we‡k l K‡i AvBbMZ †ÿ‡Î| KiAv‡bi AwaKvsk AskB kvwãK Z‡e iƒcK AskI KiAv‡b Av‡Q| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc KiAv‡bi 40:13 bs Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv hvq| GLv‡b ejv n‡”Q, ÔAvjø vn RxweKv AvKvk †_‡K bvwRj K‡ibÕ, hvi A_© n‡e ewó| hw` †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î iƒcK A_© cÖ vavb¨ cvq Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î iƒcK A_© kvwãK A‡_© i †P‡q †ewk
cÖ vavb¨ cv‡e| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc ejv hvq Zvjv‡Ki ( ) kvwãK A_© (wewawb‡la †_‡K gw³), i` n‡q iƒcK A_© MnxZ n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h KiAvb I mbœ vni e¨eüZ 99 fvM kã nvwKwK|
Av‡iK cÖ Kvi fvM n‡”Q mwin ( ) Ges wKbvqv ( c‡ivÿ)|
mwin ( mivmwi): mwin n‡jv Ggb kã hvi A_© RwUjZvnxb Ges mivmwi| GmKj k‡ãi A_© e³vi wbKU wKsev †jL‡Ki wbKU Rvb‡Z PvIqvi cÖ ‡qvRb nq bv|
wKbvqv ( c‡ivÿ) : wKbvqv n‡jv Ggb e³e¨ hv e³vi D‡Ïk¨ e¨³ K‡i bv, G‡ÿ‡Î †kª vZv‡K e³vi cÖ KZ D‡Ïk¨ Rvbevi Rb¨ cbivq e ¨vL¨v
PvIqvi cÖ ‡qvRb nq| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc ^̄ vgx ¿̄ x‡K ej‡jv BZvwÏ (MYbv ïiæ Ki)| Gi Øviv ZvjvK eSvq bv, †Kbbv fve cwi®‹vi bq| G‡ÿ‡Î e³v‡K Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wRÁvmv Kiv n‡e|
gkZvivK ( ): gkZvivK kã n‡jv Ggb kã hvi GKvwaK A_© Av‡Q|ÔAvBbÕ ( ) kãwU gkZvivK kã| Aviwe fvlvq G kãwU Øviv †PvL, SY© v, ¸ßPi BZ¨vw` †evSvq| Giƒc GKvwaK A_© nevi KviY n‡Z cv‡i wewfbœ mg‡q Gme A‡_© wKsev iƒcK A‡_© gkZvivK k‡ãi e¨envi| AvBb`vZvi D‡Ïk¨ Giƒc bq †h, kwiqvni Av‡`k wKsev wb‡la Ggbfv‡e ewY© Z n‡e hvi A_© GKvwaK n‡e| gkZvivK kã cÖ KwZMZ w`K †_‡K gkwKj cÖ KwZi Ges ïagvÎ we‡klÁ‡`i c‡ÿB mwVK A_© wbiƒcY Kiv
m¤¢ e| gRZvwn`iv (we‡klÁiv) Gi A_© wbiƒc‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wfbœ gZ †cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cÖ ‡qv‡Mi w`K †_‡K gZjvK mvwe© K hw` bv mxgvwqZ n‡q _v‡K| hLb Avj `vjvjvn: cvV (Text) A_© we‡kø lY Kivi Rb¨ cÖavbZ `wU aviv
gZjvK gKvq¨v` wn‡m‡e mxgvwqZ n‡e ZLb mxgvwqZ fvl¨ cÖ vavb¨ cv‡e(KiAvb, 5:3 Ges 6:145)| GKB wel‡q hw` `wU fvl¨ _v‡KÑ GKwU gZjvK Ab¨wU gKvq¨v` Ges Gi †cÖ wÿ‡Z ivq I Kvh© Ki‡Yi wfbœ Zv †`Lv †`q Z‡e `wU fvl¨B Kvh©Ki n‡e Ges †Kv‡bvwU mxgvwqZ n‡e bv| GwUB AwaKvs‡ki gZ|
k‡ãi Ab¨cÖ Kvi fvM n‡”Q nvwKwK ( kvwãK) Ges gvRvwR (
cÖ PwjZ Av‡Q| GKwU n‡”Q nvbvdx gZ, Ab¨wU n‡”Q kvwdC gZ| GB `Bavivi g‡a¨ †gŠwjK †Kv‡bv cv_© K¨ †bB| nvbvdx avivi Dmwjqvb‡`i g‡ZcvV ev Text we‡kø lY K‡i PviwU c×wZ‡Z AvBb †ei Kiv nq| h_v:
BevivZb bvm ( ): BevivZb bvm n‡jv Ggb kã hvi A_© Aek¨¤¢ vexiƒ‡c cvV †_‡K ü`q½g Kiv hvq Ges kãwU cv‡Vi gj welqe ‘̄ iB cÖ wZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| †hgb Rqv wbwl× nIqvi weavb| kwiq‡Zi
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AwaKvsk weavb BevivZb bvm ch© vqf³ cvV †_‡K M nxZ n‡q‡Q| BevivZb bvm †_‡K MnxZ weav‡bi ûKg KvZC ch© vqf³ Ges GmKj weav‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv mg_© bKvix mv‡ÿ¨i cÖ ‡qvRb nq bv|
BkvivZb bvm ( ): wØZxq ch© vqf³ kãmgn n‡jv BkvivZb bvm|G kãmg‡ni Bw½ZcY© wKsev c‡ivÿ A_© _v‡K| G ch© vqf³ AvqvZ n‡jv 2:236| mvavi YZ weev‡ni c‡e© B †gvnivbv wba© viY Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e G Avqv‡Zi Mfxi AbmÜvb aviYv †`q †gvnivbv wba© viY e¨wZ‡i‡K weev‡ni Pw³ m¤¢e| †m‡ÿ‡Î Aek¨ c‡i †gvni wVK Ki‡Z n‡e (KiAvb, 4:4)|
`vjvjvZb bvm ( ): ZZxq ch© vqf³ kãmgn n‡jv `vjvjvZb bvm|G c×wZ‡Z cv‡Vi cÖ KZ fve Ges hw³i Av‡jv‡K kãmg‡ni A_© wba© viY Kiv nq, hw`I MnxZ A‡_© i Bw½Z cv‡V D‡jøL bvI _v‡K| KiAv‡bi 17:23 bs Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b e×eqmx evev-gvi mv‡_ ÔDd&Õ kãwU D”PviY Ki‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqwU ïa Dd& k‡ãi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡e bv eis evev-gvi mv‡_ †Kv‡bviƒc Lvivc AvPiY Kiv hv‡e bvÑ GwUB D³ Avqv‡Zi gj e³e¨|
BKwZ`vDb bvm ( ): PZ_© ch© vqf³ kãmgn n‡jv BKwZ`vDb bvm| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ ‡qvRbxq A‡_© i e¨vcv‡i cvV wbðc _v‡K, Z_vwcI h_vh_ D‡Ïk¨ ciYv‡_© cÖ ‡qvRbxq A_© Abgvb K‡i wb‡Z nq| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc KiAv‡bi 4:23 Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b gv I Kb¨v‡K weevn Kivi †ÿ‡Î wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gvZv I Kb¨v ej‡Z wbR ¿̄ xi Kb¨v ev gv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| hw` †Kv‡bv wel‡q ch© vqMZ we‡iva †`Lv †`q Z‡e ce© eZx© ch© v‡qi weavb cieZx© ch© v‡qi weav‡bi DcicÖ vavb¨ cv‡e| † hgb BevivZb bvm, BkvivZb bv‡mi Dci cÖ vavb¨ cv‡e|G n‡”Q nvbvdx Dmj we‡klÁ‡`i gZ|
Dm‡ji kvwdC Ijvgviv cv‡Vi (Text) cÖ ‡qvM‡K cÖavbZ `B fv‡M fvM
K‡i‡Qb| h_v: `vjvjvZj gvbZK ( Ñ D”PvwiZ A_© ) Ges `vjvjvZj gvdûg ( Ñ AšÍ wb© wnZ A_© )|
`vjvjvZj gvbZK ( Ñ D”PvwiZ A_© ): `vjvjvZj gvbZ K‡K Avevi `vjvjvZj BKwZ`v ( Ñ cÖ ‡qvRbxq A_© ) Ges `vjvjvZj Bkviv ( Ñ c‡ivÿ A_© )Ñ GB `B fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`vjvjvZj gvdûg ( Ñ AšÍ wb© wnZ A_© ): `vjvjvZj gvdûg‡K Avevi gvdûgj gqvdvKvwZ ( Ñ mvgÄm¨kxj A_© ) Ges gvdûgj gLZvwjdvwZ ( Ñ wecixZ A_© ) G `Bfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
kvwdC Ijvgviv gvdûg Avj gLZvwjdv kãv_© ‡K MÖ nY K‡ib bv hw` bv
Zv‡Z KqwU kZ© ciY nq| kvwdC Ijvgviv wmdvZ ( Ñ ¸Yvejx), kiZ( Ñ kZ© ) Ges Mvqv ( Ñ †SvK)Ñ GmKj †ÿ‡Î wewawb‡la Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb|
nvbvdx Ijvgviv gvdûgj gLZvwjdvwZ MÖ n‡Yi †ÿ‡Î kvwdC‡`i †P‡q †ewk K‡Vvi| nvbvdxiv GmKj †ÿ‡Î Ggb †Kv‡bv A_© MÖ nY K‡ib bv hvcv‡Vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj bq| KiAvb Ges mbœ vni e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bvfv‡e B nvbvdxiv gvdûgj gLZvwjdvwZ c×wZ‡Z A_© MÖ nY K‡ib bv|
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Av‡`k, wb‡lavÁv I i`
Av‡`k ( ): Av‡`k‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i DaŸ© Zb KZ© c‡ÿi wbKU †_‡K Aat Í̄ b KZ© c‡ÿi wbKU wKQ Kivi †gŠwLK `vwe wn‡m‡e| Av‡`k bvbvb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| Av‡`k gv‡bB G‡ÿ‡Î KZ© ‡Z ¡ i e¨Äbv_vK‡e| Aviwe ixwZ Abhvqx wKQ †ÿ‡Î wbQK AZxZKv‡j ewY© Z †Kv‡bv e³e¨ †Kv‡bv wKQ Kievi Rb¨ Av‡`k wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i(KiAvb, 2:178)| ˆbwZK Aciv‡ai wb›`v wn‡m‡eI KiAvv‡bi ûKg bvwRj n‡Z cv‡i (KiAvb, 2:189)| KiAv‡bi Av‡`k †Kv‡bv ci®‹vi I kvw Í̄ i cÖ wZkÖ æwZ cÖ `vb wn‡m‡eI Avm‡Z cv‡i (KiAvb, 4:10-14)|
¸iæZ¡cY© cÖk œ n‡jv , GKwU Av‡`‡ k wK _v‡K ? Av‡` k cvjb wK eva¨ZvgjK, mcvwikgjK A_ev ïaB AbgwZ bvwK Av‡`k Øviv Gi meB eSvq? AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z Av‡`k Øviv eva¨evaKZvB †evSv‡bv nq hw` bvG‡ÿ‡Î Ab¨ wKQ Kivi m‡hvM _v‡K| †KD †KD ej‡Z Pvb †h, Av‡`‡ki Øviv ïa eva¨evaKZv Ges mcvwik wb‡`©k K‡i| Ab¨ A‡b‡K e‡jb Av‡`k Øviv ïa †Kv‡bvwKQ Kivi AbgwZ †evSvq| cwi®‹vifv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j ej‡Z nq, AwaKvs‡ki gZvgZB h_v_© Ges †hŠw³K| A_© vr Av‡`k Øviv gjZ eva¨evaKZv †evSvq, e¨wZµg Qvov|
A v‡` k Øviv †Kv‡bvmg q AbgwZ (Permission) †evSv‡ Z cv‡i| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc ejv hvq, KiAv‡b hLb ejv nq ÔLvI Ges cvb KiÕ
(KiAvb, 7:31), ZLb eY© bv †_‡K aviYv cvIqv hvq †h GwU wbQKB AbgwZ| Abiƒc D`vniY cvIqv hvq KiAv‡bi 5:2 bs Ges 62:10 bs Avqv‡Z| wKQ †ÿ‡Î Av‡`k Øviv mcvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb KiAv‡bi 2:282 bs AvqvZ| ^̄ ímsL¨K †ÿ‡Î Av‡`k Øviv ûgwK cÖ `k© b Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb †Kv‡bv we‡kl wKQ KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKevi Dc‡`k msewjZ AvqvZ (KiAvb, 24:33) Ges Av‡`k Øviv Av‡e`b ev cÖ v_© bv
AwaKvsk Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib †h †Kv‡bv wb‡l‡ai ci Av‡`k Avm‡j †Kej AbgwZ †evSvq , eva¨ZvgjK bq (KiAvb, 5:2 Ges 62:10)| AwaKvs‡ki Av‡iKwU gZ n‡jvÑ †Kv‡bv Av‡`k gvÎ GKevi cvjb Kiv eva¨ZvgjK, hw` bv evievi Av‡`kwU ci‡Yi KviY _v‡K| hLb kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ Av‡`k Rvwi nq ZLb kZ© ciY gvÎB Av‡`kwU cvjb Kiv eva¨ZvgjK (KiAvb, 5:6)|
wb‡la ( Ñ bvwn): Av‡`‡ki wVK wecixZ n‡jv wb‡la| †Kv‡bv wKQ bv Kivi `vweB n‡jv wb‡la| wb‡l‡ai aib weewZi AvKv‡i n‡Z cv‡i(KiAvb, 2:221) A_ev n‡Z cv‡i Av‡`‡ki fw½‡Z wKQ bv Kivi Rb¨(KiAvb, 22:30, 62:9)| wb‡la n‡Z cv‡i mvwe© K wb‡la (Zvnwig), A_ev c_wb ‡`© kbvgjK (Bikv`), A_ev n‡Z cv‡i fr© mbvgjK (Zvw`e)| wb‡la hv wZi®‹vi wb‡`© k K‡i KiAv‡b Zvi D‡jøL Av‡Q (KiAvb, 5:87)| ˆbwZK c_wb‡`© kbvgjK wb‡l‡ai D‡jøL †`Lv hvq KiAv‡bi 5:104 bs Avqv‡Z| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z wb‡la gjZ Zvnwig ch© v‡qi hw` bv Ab¨ †Kv‡bviKg wPšÍ v Kivi g‡Zv Bw½Z _v‡K|
†Kv‡bv KvR (AvbôvwbK Bev`Z e¨ZxZ) hw` wbR ^̄ Kvi‡Y wbwl× bv n‡q eis ewnf© Z †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y wbwl× nq Z‡e kvwdC gZvbhvqx GwU i` (ÑÑÑÑ evwZj) n‡q hvq Ges nvbvdx gZvbhvqx GwU dvwm` e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| evwZj A_© GwU Avi ms‡kvab Kiv hv‡e bv| dvwm` A_© mwnn nIqvi Rb¨ wKQ kZ© ciY Kiv nq wb Ges Zv ciY Ki‡j welqwU mwnn n‡q hv‡e| A_© vr dvwm` ms‡kvab‡hvM¨| wKš‘ Bev`Z msµvšÍ wel‡q G Ae ’̄ vb wfbœ|G‡ÿ‡Î dvwm` I evwZj mgch© vqf³| Ab¨ K_vqÑ GLv‡b ïa evwZj N‡U, dvwm` nq bv|
wb‡lavÁv cvjb AZ¨vek¨Kxq Ges hLbB G Av‡`k †g‡b Pjv cÖ ‡hvR¨ n‡e ZLbB Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| wb‡lavÁv hw` kZ© mv‡cÿ nq Z‡e hLbB kZ©
eZ© gvb n‡e ZLbB wb‡lavÁv Kvh©Ki n‡e| bvm&L ( Ñ i`): kvwãK A‡_© bvm&L& A_© n‡jv we‡jvc mvab| bvm&L‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv nq kwiqvni GKwU weavb Ab¨ GKwU weavb Øviv evwZj nIqv ev cÖw Z ’̄ vwcZ nIqv Øviv| GKgvÎ weavbvejxi †ÿ‡ÎB bvm&L Kvh© Ki nq, wek¦ v‡mi welqe ‘̄ i †ÿ‡Î bq| bvm&L Kvh© Ki nq ïagvÎÑ
Ñ hw` `‡Uv weav‡bi gvb GKBiKg kw³kvjx nq;
†evSv‡ Z cv‡ i (KiAvb, 2:286)| hv‡nvK , Av‡` k Øviv gjZ eva¨evaKZv‡K wb‡`© k Kiv nq (diR, IqvwRe)| GwU wbf© i K‡i cvV Ges
Ñ weavb `‡Uv hw` wfbœ cv‡V (Text) D‡jø wLZ nq;
Gi A_© `‡UvB KvZC wKsev KvZC wKbv Zvi Dci| Ñ weavb `‡Uvi g‡a¨ hw` cÖ KZ we‡iva _v‡K Ges †Kv‡bvfv‡eB
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mgš^ q m¤¢ e bv nq; Ges
Ñ weavb `‡Uv `B mgqKv‡ji nq|
wKQ Ijvgv ^̄xKvi K‡ib bv † h KiAv‡bi †Kv‡bv AvqvZ i` ev evwZj n‡q‡Q| G †kª wYf³ Av‡jg‡`i g‡Z KiAv‡bi 2:106 bs Avqv‡Z D‡jøwLZ i` m¤úwK© Z e³e¨ KiAv‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ ‡hvR¨ bq eis ce© eZx©
wKZv‡ei Rb¨ cÖ ‡hvR¨| Zviv Av‡iv e‡jbÑ KiAv‡bi Z_vKw_Z we‡iv‡ai mgš^ q mvab m¤¢ e| gnv¤§` Avmv` Ges gvIjvbv AvKig Lv Zv‡`i KiAv‡bi Zvdwm‡i D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb KiAv‡bi †Kv‡bv bvm&L †bB| cÖL¨vZ BmjvwgK ¯‹jvi W. Ave`j nvwg` Ave m‡jgvb g‡b K‡ibÑ cÖ v_wgK h‡Mi Ijvgviv bvm&L‡K BwZnv‡mi cvwicvwk¦ © K Ae ’̄ vi Av‡jv‡K bv †`‡L ’̄ vqx gZev‡`i gh© v`v cÖ `vb K‡i fj K‡i‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib †h bvm&‡Li e¨envi ïagvÎ cwi®‹vi †ÿ‡Î mxgve× _vKv `iKviÑ †hgb wKejvcwieZ© b|
AwaKvsk Av‡j‡gi g‡Z KiAvb I mbœ vni †ÿ‡Î bvm&L Kvh© Ki n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i g‡Z BRgv ( ) Øviv KiAv‡bi †Kv‡bv weavb i` ( ) nq bv|
KiAvb I mbœ vni †Kv‡bv cvV‡K wKqvmI cÖ wZ ’̄ vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Bgvg kvwdCi g‡Z `B ai‡bi bvm&L Av‡Q:
Ñ KiAvb Øviv KiAvb i`; Ges
Ñ mbœvni Øviv mbœ vn i`|
Ab¨‡`i g‡Z Pvi ai‡bi bvm&L Av‡Q:
Ñ KiAvb Øviv KiAvb;
Ñ mbœvni Øviv KiAvb;
Ñ KiAvb Øviv mbœ vn; Ges
Ñ mbœvn Øviv mbœ vn| Z‡e GUvB mwVK gZ e‡j g‡b nq hv W. Ave`j nvwg` e‡j‡Qb| wb‡Pi †ÿθ‡jv‡Z Gi evB‡i Av‡iK ai‡bi †kª wY wefvRb Av‡Q|
Ñ bvm&Lj ûK& g ( ) ev weavb iwnZKiY;
Ñ bvm&Lj wKivAvn ( ) ev cv‡Vi iwnZKiY; Ges
Ñ bvm&Lj ûKwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn ( ) ev weavb I cvV DfqB iwnZKiY|
bvm&Lj ûK& g ej‡Z † evSvq weavbwU evwZj n‡q‡Q wKš‘ cvVwU i‡q †M‡Q| bvm&Lj wKivAvn ej‡Z †evSvq cvVwU i` n‡q †M‡Q wKš‘ weavbwU i‡q
†M‡Q| bvm&Lj ûKwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn ej‡Z †evSvq cvV Ges weavb DfqB evwZj n‡q †M‡Q| Dc‡ii wZbwU †kª wYKi‡Yi g‡a¨ bvm&Lj ûK‡gi wKQ wfwË Av‡Q wKš‘ evwK ` ‡Uvi wfwË LeB `e© j| mvB‡q¨` Avej Avjv gI``x Zvi Ôivmv‡qj Iqv gvmv‡qjÕ MÖ ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †Kb bvm&Lj wKivAvn MÖ nY‡hvM¨ bq|
bvm&L ( ) Ges ZvLwm‡mi (mvaviY cv‡Vi we‡klvqY A_ev ¸Yv‡ivc) g‡a¨ cv_© K¨ Av‡Q| ZvLwmm bvm&L bq| GUv n‡”Q Avg‡K we‡klvwqZ Kiv| Av‡iKwU wePvh© welq n‡jv ZvwR` (ms‡hvRb) evwZj‡hvM¨ wKbv? AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z DËi n‡jvÑ bv, Ges G gZB h_v_© |
m‡e© vcwi Avwg g‡b Kwi GB mKj wel‡q W. Ave`j nvwg` Ave m‡jgv‡bi AwfgZ we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L|
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BRgv
Aviwe kã ÔAvRAvgvÕ-Gi we‡kl¨ iƒc n‡jv BRgv ( )| kãwUi `‡Uv A_© Av‡Q| cÖ_gZ, †Kv‡bv wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖ nY Kiv Ges wØZxqZ g‰Z‡K¨ †cŠQv‡bv| KiAvb I mbœ vni ci BRgv‡K Bmjvgx kwiq‡Zi ZZxq cÖ gvY ev mvÿ¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| BRgv kwiq‡Zi †hŠw³K mvÿ¨| GK A_ev KwZcq we‡kl Á KZ©K MnxZ BRwZnv` ev e¨vL¨ v hLb mve© Rbxbfv ‡e MnxZ nq Zv-B BRgv|
Dm‡ji we‡klÁMY BRgvi †h e¨vL¨v cÖ `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡jvÑ gmwjg we‡k¦ i mKj we‡klÁ †Kv‡bv wel‡q mvwe© Kfv‡e HKgZ¨ †cvlY Ki‡j Zv
PovšÍ BRgv e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| cÖ v_wgK h‡Mi DmwjDb‡`i g‡Z GKgvÎGBiƒc PovšÍ BRgvB mK‡ji Rb¨ eva¨ZvgjK| hv‡nvK, Giƒc mvwe© K BRgvi NUbv LeB weij| †Kv‡bv wbw`© ó wel‡q hv BRwZnv` ev Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥³ †m‡ÿ‡Î BRgvi NUbv NUv cÖ KZB `®‹i|
we‡klÁiv BRgvi †h D`vniY¸‡jv Z‡j a‡ib Zv n‡jv mvnvweMY KZ © KMnxZ BRgv| Dm‡ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib †h BRgv `Ð (û``) Bev`vn I AvwK`v msµvšÍ wel‡q n‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_g BRgv MnxZ nq mvnvwe‡`i gv‡S| wKQ wel‡q gmwjg D¤§vni gv‡S GKZv eRvq ivLevi Rb¨ cÖ v_wgK ch© v‡q BRgv mnvqZv K‡i| †Kv‡bv weav‡bi KZ© Z¡ BRgvi gva¨‡g ew×cª vß nq| †Kv‡bv wbw`© ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv wel‡q Av‡jg‡`i gv‡S
HKgZ¨ BRgvi Rb¨ cÖ ‡qvRbxq| H mg‡qi m Kj Ijvgv cwi®‹vi gZvg‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q m¤§wZ cÖ `vb Ki‡e| mKj gRZvwn‡`i m¤§wZi wfwˇZB BRgv cÖ wZwôZ, hw`I A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib mK‡j bq AwaKvs‡ki m¤§wZ‡ZB BRgv cÖ wZwôZ n‡e|
AwaKvs‡ki m¤§wZ kwiqvn AvB‡bi GKwU `wjj n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zv eva¨ZvgjK bq| †Kbbv eva¨ZvgjK BR gvi Rb¨ nvw`‡m †hmKj k‡Z© i D‡jøL Av‡Q Zv ciY n‡Z n‡e (mKj gvb‡li BRgv, wb‡`bc‡ÿ mKj we‡kl‡Ái m¤§wZ)|
mKj IjvgvB g‡b K‡ib †h BRgv cÖ wZôvi ^̄c‡ÿ cvVMZ (Textual) †h
cÖ gvY eZ© gvb †_‡K PovšÍ MY¨ Kiv hvq bv| BRgvi ^̄c‡ÿ †hmKj Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv nq (KiAvb, 4:59, 4:83, 4:115) Zvi †Kv‡bvwU †_‡KB BRgv cÖ wZôvi Rb¨ PovšÍ wm×všÍ †bqv hvq bv| Bgvg Mv¾vwjGmKj AvqvZ‡K BRgv cÖ wZôvi c‡ÿ Bw½ZcY© Z‡e PovšÍ bq e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg mqwZi e¨vL¨vI Abiƒc| Bgvg gnv¤§` Ave`û GmKj Avqv‡Z BRgv cÖ wZôvi ^̄c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv Bw½Z L‡R cvb wb| Avj Avwgw`
e‡j‡Qb, ÔGmKj AvqvZ m¤¢ vebvi mwó K‡i, †Kv‡bv Ávb `vb K‡i bv|ÕcÖ vq `kwU nvw`m BRgvi ^̄c‡ÿ D‡jøL Kiv nq| Avn‡g` nvmv‡bich© ‡eÿY n‡jv BRgvi ^̄c‡ÿ GmKj nvw`m AKvU¨ bq| eo msL¨KIjvgv (kvwdC Ges gZvwRjvcš’ x) g‡b K‡ib Ijvgv‡`i msL¨vwaK¨ Ges `i‡Z ¡ i e¨vcKZvi Kvi‡Y GLb Avi BRgv cÖ wZôv Kiv m¤¢ e bq| G Kvi‡Y Bgvg kvwdC eva¨evaKZvgjK KZ© ‡e¨i †ÿ‡ÎB BRgvi cÖ ‡qvM‡K mxgve× K‡i‡Qb| †m GKB Kvi‡Y `vD` Rvwnwi Ges Bgvg Avng` BRgv Øviv mvnvex‡`i HKgZ¨ ewS‡q‡Qb|
Ave`j Inve Lvjø vd gZ †`b †h, aª æc`x e¨vL¨v Abhvqx BRgv eZ© gvb
mgqKv‡j m¤¢ e bq, †Kbbv cÖ Pi msL¨K Ijvgv we¯ — Z
AÂj R‡o eZ© gvb| Ave`j Inve Lvjø vd h_v_© B e‡j‡Qb| civ‡bv av‡Pi BRgv eZ© gv‡b m¤¢ e bq| eZ© gv‡b AvÂwjK wfwˇZ BRgv cÖ wZôv Ki‡Z n‡e hv cvj© v‡g›U KZ© K AvBb cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g m¤¢ eÑ wKš‘ G AvBb wPišÍ b bq|
BRgv `B ai‡bi| h_v:
BRgv Avj mwin (m¯úó BRgv), Ges
BRgv mKwZ (bxie BRgv)|
AwaKvsk Ijvgvi g‡Z Avj BRgvDm mKZ (G e¨vcviwU N‡U ZLbB hLbGK ev wKQmsL¨K we‡klÁ †Kv‡bv e¨vcv‡i HKg‡Z¨ †cŠQvq Ges G
e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv we‡ivwaZv †`Lv †`q bv) kwiq‡Zi eva¨ZvgjK cÖ gvY wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e bv| wKqvm BRgvi wfwË n‡Z cvi‡e wKbv G e¨vcv‡i wZb ai‡bi gZvgZ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| †KD e‡jb n‡Z cv‡i, †KD e‡jb bv, Avevi †KD AvswkKfv‡e n¨v e‡jb|
we‡klÁ‡`i Avnv` A_ev gZvIqvwZi eY© bvi gva¨‡g BRgv ewY© Z n‡Zcv‡i| mvnvwe‡`i KZ© K cÖ wZwôZ BRgvi D`vniY e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bv gZvIqvwZi BRgvi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq bv| †gvnv¤§` BKevj cÖ Í̄ ve w`‡q‡Qb †h BRgv cÖ wZôvi e¨vcviwU cvj© v‡g‡›Ui Dci †Q‡o †`qv †nvKÑ eZ© gvbKv‡j GKgvÎ Gfv‡eB BRgv cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢ e| Avjø vgv †gvnv¤§` BKevj G‡ÿ‡Î h_v_© e‡j‡Qb| Zvi aviYv MÖ nY Kiv †h‡ Z cv‡i| Z‡e
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Gfv‡e MnxZ BRgv ˆewk¦ Kfv‡e ^̄ xKwZ cv‡e bv Ges GUv‡K eva¨ZvgjK fvev hv‡e bv (hw` bv MnxZ BRgvwU‡K †m †`‡k AvB‡bi gh© v`v †`qv nq)|
Dcmsnv‡i ejv hvqÑ fwel¨‡Z BRgvi e¨envi msKxY© n‡Z cv‡i| eis wKqvm, gvmjvnv AwaK ¸iæZ¡cY© Ae`vb ivL‡e|
wKqvm
kvwãK A‡_© wKqvm ej‡Z †evSvq †Kv‡bv wKQi e¨vwß, IRb A_ev ¸Yvejxi cwigvcKiY A_ev wbwðZKiY| wKqvm ej‡Z Av‡iv †evSvq `‡Uv `ª ‡e¨i g‡a¨ mvg¨ Ges mv`k¨ cÖ wZôv Ki‡Z Zjbv Kiv| Dm‡ji fvlvq wKqvm n‡jv gj NUbv ( Ñ Avmj) †_‡K bZb NUbv‡Z ( Ñ dvi) kwiqvn AvB‡bi m¤cÖ mviY, KviY bZb NUbvi Kvh© KviY (Bjø vZ) Avmj NUbvi Abiƒc|
wKqv‡mi ¸iæZ¡ v‡iv‡ci welq n‡jv gj NUbv Ges bZb NUbvi gv‡S mvaviY KviY L‡R †ei Kiv| wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g MwVZ AvBb‡K AvBbwe‡`iv
bZb AvBb wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib bv| hv‡nvK, mKj ev Í̄ e cÖ ‡qvR‡b w ewfbœ wel‡q wKqvm bZb AvB‡bi g‡ZvB|
wKqvm AvBbwe`‡`i Øviv D™¢ vweZ GK ai‡bi c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g bZb †ÿ‡Î MwVZ AvBb KiAvb I mbœ vni wbKUeZx© nq| KviY GmKj bZb AvBb †h Kvh© Kvi‡Yi (Bjø vZ) Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv KiAvb I mbœ vni weavb †_‡K D™¢ vweZ|
wKqvm‡K hw` cÖ ‡q vM Kiv bv n‡Zv Z‡e bZb †ÿ‡Î iwPZ AvBb KiAvb I mbœ vn †_‡K Av‡iv `‡i P‡j †hZ| GwUB wKqv‡mi h_v_© Zvi hw³|
wKqvm n‡jv †hŠw³K gZev` (KviY ew×ewË e¨vcKfv‡e Bjø vZ A‡š¦ l‡Y
e¨eüZ nq)| wKš‘ wKqv‡m e¨w³MZ gZvgZ (ivq) Iwni ek¨Zv ^̄ xKvi K‡i (KiAvb I mbœ vn †_‡K Bjø vZ D™¢vweZ nq)| wKqvm KiAvb wKsev mbœ vni †Kv‡bv AvBb cwieZ© b K‡i bv| wKqvm GKwU c×wZ| wKqvm‡K AvBbwe‡`iv GB A‡_© ^̄ xKwZ w`‡q‡Qb †hÑ kwiqvni weavb KwZcq D‡Ïk¨( Ñ gvKvwm`) AbmiY K‡i hv hw³i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨cY© | Rvwnwi( ) Av‡jgMY wKqvm‡K MÖ nY K‡ib wb| wKš‘ AwaKvsk Av‡jg wKqv‡mi e¨vcv‡i h_v_© wm×všÍ MÖ nY K‡i‡Qb|
wKqvm wbðqZv cÖ `vb K‡i bv| wKqvm ZvB Abgvb wbf© i| KiAvb I mbœ vn †_‡K MnxZ AvB‡bi Abiƒc KZ© Z¡ wKqvm †_‡K MnxZ AvB‡bi †bB| wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g MnxZ AvB‡bi e¨vcv‡i bvbviKg gZ Av‡Q, †hgb
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T
æ
gZwfbœZv Av‡Q cÖvq mKj BRwZnv`x AvB‡bi e¨vcv‡i| wKqv‡micÖ ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vbmn n‡jv Avmj (gj welqÑ hvi Dci wfwË K‡i ivq†`qv n‡q‡Q), ûKg (ivq), Bjø vZ (†h Kvh© Kvi‡Yi †cÖ wÿ‡Z ivq cÖ `vb Kiv nq) Ges dvi (bZb NUbv hvi Dci ivq cÖ `vb Kiv n‡e)| G‡ÿ‡Î g`cv‡bi wb‡lavÁvi NUbvwU D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i (KiAvb, gv‡q`v:90)|G weavbwU †PZbvbvkK Ab¨vb¨ gv`‡Ki †ÿ‡ÎI cÖ ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
mv`‡k¨i KviY wb‡gœ v³ av‡ci gva¨‡g m¤¢ e|
gZvAvwÏ)| †KD †KD Zvw`qv (n Í̄ všÍi) m¤ú‡K© wfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡ib| Bjø vZ bvm-Gi wecixZ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
Aviwe cÖ KvkixwZ Abhvqx KvBjv ( Ñ Giƒc bv), wj AvRwj ( Ñ KviY), wj (ÑÑÑÑ Rb¨), dv ( Ñ Giƒc), we ( Ñ KviY), wegv Avbœ v(ÑÑÑ), Bbœ v ( ) BZ¨vw` A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB Bjø vZ‡K wb‡`© k K‡i (KiAvb,4:34, 5:38)| Aviwe kã mveve (KviY) Bjø vZ k‡ãi cÖ wZ ’̄ vcK wn‡m‡e
e¨eüZ nq| Aek¨ †KD †KD kã `‡U vi g‡a¨ cv_© K¨ wb‡`© k K‡ib| Avmj ( )
(gj welq) dvi ( )(bZb welq)
Bjø vZ ( )(iv‡qi KviY)
ûKg ( )(ivq)
cv_©K¨wU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wKsev cwi®‹vi bq| hv‡nvK, Bjø vZ kãwU e¨env‡ii w`K †_‡K e¨vcKZv †c‡q‡Q|
g` cvb †PZbvbvkK gv`K
gv`KZv wb‡lavÁv cvV †_‡K BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g ivq †`evi Rb¨ bv‡mi ( ) hLb Bjø vZ ¯úófv‡e D‡jø wLZ _v‡K bv, ZLb gRZvwn`‡`i `vwqZ¡ Bjø vZ L‡R †ei Kiv| `B av‡c GwU Kiv m¤¢ e| mPbv we›` n‡jv ÔZvLwiRj gvbvZÕ (Bjø vni
Avm‡ji GKwU kZ© n‡jv KiAvb Ges mbœ vn Avm‡ji Drm| A‡bK we‡klÁB BRgv‡K Avm‡ji wfwË g‡b K‡ib bv| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z GKwU wKqvm Ab¨ GKwU wKqv‡mi Avmj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e gvwjKx AvBbwe` Be‡b iæk` g‡b K‡ib GKwU wKqvm Ab¨ Av‡iKwU wKqv‡mi Avmj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| AvawbK AvBbwe` Ave hvnivGes †gvnv¤ §` Avj hviKv G gZ mg_© b K‡ib| Aí msL¨‡Ki gZI mwVK n‡Z cv‡i hZÿY ch©šÍ bv GUv KiAvb I mbœ vni bvm -Gi mv‡_ mvsNwl© K bv nq|
ûK‡gi kZ© mgn:
1. GwU Aek¨B AvBbMZ ivq n‡Z n‡e (AvwK`vMZ †ÿ‡Î wKqvm †Kv‡bv ivq w`‡Z cv‡i bv)|
2. gvbexq ew×i Av‡jv‡K †evaMg¨ n‡Z n‡e|
3. ûKg KL‡bvB e¨wZµgx cwiw ’̄ wZi †ÿ‡Î mxgve× _vK‡e bv
(Giƒc †ÿ‡Î GwU wKqv‡mi wfwË n‡Z cv‡i bv)|†hLv‡b -Gi wewaweavb Av‡Q †mLv‡b wKqvm †bB| wKqvm gvÕAvj
ZvwiKext
Y© wKqvm) Ab‡gv`b‡hvM¨ bq|
Bjø vZ‡K Aek¨B wb‡gœ v³ kZ© ciY Ki‡Z n‡e:
1. gbvwme ( ) Ñ gRZvwn`‡`i g‡Z h_v_© n‡Z n‡e|
2. gbRvwe` (ÑÑÑ) Ñ Gi AcwieZ© bxq ¸Y _vK‡Z n‡e|
3. Rvwni (ÑÑÑ) Ñ GwU Aek¨B cÖ Zxqgvb n‡Z n‡e| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z
Bjø vZ Aek¨B bZb †ÿ‡Î n Í̄ všÍ i‡hvM¨ ( Ñ
Av‡iKwU cÖ wZkã n‡jv gvbvZ)|
ivq †`evi mgq G‡Ki e`‡j GKvwaK Bjø v ‡Zi Dcw ’̄ wZ n‡Z cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î gRZvwn`‡`i KiYxq n‡jv h_v_© Bjø vZ L‡R †ei Kiv|
cÖ wµqvwU‡K ZvbwKn Avj gvbvZ (Bjø vZ‡K ^̄ Zš¿ KiY) e‡j| bZb NUbvi †ÿ‡Î †hLv‡b iv‡qi m¤cÖ mviY NU‡e †mLv‡b ZvnwKKj gvbvZ (Bjø vZ Av‡Q wK †bB) †`L‡Z nq (mvaviY Pwii mv‡_ c‡KUgv‡ii mv`k¨KiY m¤¢ e wKbv A_ev †flR cvbxqi Bjø vZ wK g‡`i Abiƒc)|
wKqv‡mi †kª wYweb¨vm: wKqv‡mi GK ai‡bi †kª wYweb¨vm n‡jvÑ
1. wKqvm Avj AvIjv ( Ñ Dbœ Z ai‡bi wKqvm)|
2. wKqvm Avj gmvwe ( Ñ mv`k¨Ki mvg¨)|
3. wKqvm Avj Av`bv ( Ñ `e© j mv`k¨KiY)|
wKqvm Avj AvIjv Ggb ai‡bi wKqvm †hLv‡b Avmj NUbv A‡cÿv bZb
NUbv‡Z Kvh©KiY ¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb (KiAvb, 17:23)| wKqvm Avj gmvwe n‡jv Ggb ai‡bi wKqvm †hLv‡b Avmj I dvi ( )Ñ Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB Bjø vZ mgvbfv‡e cÖ Zxqgvb nq (KiAvb, 4:2)|
wKqvm Avj Av`bv ej‡Z †evSvq Ggb ai‡bi wKqvm †hLv‡b Bjø vZ dvi-Gi †ÿ‡Î Avm‡ji b¨vq ¯úófv‡e cÖ Zxqgvb bq|
wKqv‡mi Av‡iK ai‡bi †kª wYKiY n‡jv:
1. wKqvm Rvwj ( Ñ Aek¨¤¢ vwe mv`kKiY)|
2. wKqvm Lvwd (ÑÑÑÑ j°vwqZ mv`k¨KiY)|
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AwaKvs‡ki Øviv wKqvm ^̄ xKwZ †c‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ PviwU mwbœ gvR nvemn hvBw` wkqviv Av‡Q| KiAv‡bi 59:2 bs Avqv‡Z wKqv‡mi ^̄c‡ÿ cÖ gvY Av‡Q Ges Bw½Z Av‡Q 2:79 I 4:105 bs Avqv‡Z| mbœ vnI wKqvm‡K mg_© b K‡i| mbœ vn‡Z BRwZnv‡`i K_v ejv Av‡Q Avi wKqvm BRwZnv‡`iGKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c×wZ|
A‡bK Rvwnix `vk© wbK †Mvôx wKqv‡mi weiæ‡× gZvgZ cÖ Kvk K‡i‡Qb|
Zviv e‡jb †h, KiAvb wKqv‡mi weiæ‡× (KiAvb, 52:2 Ñ Avgiv KiAv‡b †Kv‡bv wKQB Ae‡njv Kwi wb)| Zviv Av‡iv e‡jbÑ wKqv‡mi wfwË n‡jv BjøvZ Ges Bjø v‡Zi wfwË n‡jv Abgvb| Zviv KiAv‡bi 49:1 bs AvqvZ D‡jøL K‡i e‡jb KiAvb wKqv‡mi weiæ‡×| G meB Le `e© j hw ³ Ges D¤§vni AwaKvskB Zv‡`i gZ MÖ nY K‡i wb| AwaKvsk g‡b K‡ib û`‡`i †ÿ‡Î wKqvm cÖ ‡qvM‡hvM¨| nvbvdxiv g‡b K‡ib wKqvm ZvwRi-Gi †ÿ‡Î cÖ ‡qvM‡hvM¨, û`‡`i †ÿ‡Î bq| nvbvdx gZ G‡ÿ‡Î AwaK mZK© |
AwaKvs‡ki gZ n‡jv bvm (Text) †hLv‡b Av‡Q wKqvm †mLv‡b AwZwi³| wKQ Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib †h, wKqvm hw` †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx cÖ gvY Øviv mnvqZvcvq Z‡e Zv GKK nvw`‡mi †P‡q cÖ vavb¨ †c‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e fwel¨‡Z gvmjvnv BRwZnv‡`i AwaK ¸iæZ¡cY© iƒc n‡e|
Bmjvgx kwiqvn ce© eZx© cÖ Z¨vw`ó AvBb
Bmjvg wek¦ vm K‡i mª óvi cÖ `Ë ag© MÖ š’ Avjø vn KZ© K cÖ `Ë (42:13)| KiAvb ^̄ xKwZ †`q †h ZvIivZ c_wb‡`© kbvi Drm wQj (5:44)| wKš‘ cÖ kœ n‡”Q KiAvb bvwRj nevi c‡i ce© eZx© Gme wKZve‡K AvB‡bi Drm ej‡Z wK †evSvq? mvaviY fvl¨ n‡jvÑ KiAv‡bi c‡e© †hmKj AvBb cÖ PwjZ wQj Zv Avi eZ© gv‡b gmwjg‡`i †ÿ‡Î cÖ ‡hvR¨ bq (wb‡gœ Dwjø wLZ e¨wZµg e¨ZxZ)|
Bmjv‡gi AvnKvg ^̄ qsm¤úY© | kwiqvni AvBb KiAvb I mbœ vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv_vI †LvRvi cÖ ‡qvRb †bB, KviY Ab¨ a‡g© i AvBb gmwjg‡`i
Rb¨ gvbv eva¨ZvgjK bq| KiAvb wZbfv‡e ce© eZx© kwiqvni D‡jøL K‡i:
1. KiAvb ce© eZx© kwiqvni D‡jøL Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges D‡jø wLZ welqwU‡K gmwjg‡`i eva¨ZvgjK K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i | D`vniY ^̄ iƒc ejv hvq, ce© eZx© RvwZmg‡ni Rb¨ †ivRvi wb‡`© k wQj Ges gmwjg‡`i Rb¨ Zv wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q (2:183)| ce© eZx© kwiqvni Giƒc weavb eZ© gvb kwiqvniI Ask|
2. KiAvb (ev mbœ vn) ce© eZx© kwiqvni †Kv‡bv weav‡bi D‡jøL K‡i Zv i` K‡i w`‡q‡Q| D`vniY ^̄ iƒc ejv hvqÑ Lv`¨ welqK KwZcq wb‡lavÁv Bûw` m¤cÖ `v‡qi cÖwZ wQj hv KiAv‡bi gva¨‡g gmwjg‡`i Rb¨ cÖ Z¨vnvi
Kiv n‡q‡Q (6:146)| gmwjgiv G wel‡q ce© eZx© kwiqvni AvBb AbmiY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
3. ce© eZx© kwiqvni †Kv‡bv GKwU AvBb envj Av‡Q wKsev iwnZ n‡q‡QGi D‡jøL bv K‡iB KiAvb ce©eZx© kwiqvni †Kv‡bv AvB‡bi D‡jøL Ki‡Zcv‡ i (5:45, 5:48)| AwaKvsk Ijvgv GmKj weavb‡ K eZ© gvb kwiqvniI Ask e‡j g‡b K‡ib Ges Zv AbmiYxq e‡j g‡b K‡ib| msL¨vjN gZ ce© eZx© g‡Z i wecixZ| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji g‡Z msL¨vMwi‡ôi gZ G‡ÿ‡Î h_v_© |
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mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv
kwiqvn msµvšÍ wel‡q mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv LeB ¸iæZ¡cY© Ges m‡e© v”P we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L| KviY n‡jv mvnvweiv ivmj (m.)-Gi AwZ wbKUeZx© wQ‡jb Ges Zv‡`i Ávb mivmwi ivmj (m.) †_‡K MnxZ n‡qwQj| Z‡e mvnvwe ej‡Z Kv‡`i †evSv‡bv n‡e Zv wb ‡q gZv‰bK¨ Av‡Q| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z wek¦ vmx hvivB ivmj (m.)-Gi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i‡Qb Zviv mK‡jB mvnvwei gh©v`vf³| msL¨vjwN‡ói g‡Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K mvnvwei gh© v`v†c‡Z n‡j ÔmnevZÕ ( Ñ msm‡M© i avivevwnKZv) GKwU cÖ ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb| `‡Uv g‡ZiB †hŠw³KZv Av‡Q Ges †Kv‡bvwU‡KB AMÖ vn¨ Kivi
Dcvq †bB| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ mvnvwe wKbv Zv cÖ wZôv †c‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvnvwei mZ¨vqb ev mvÿ¨`v‡bi gva¨‡g ev wbR KZ© K `vwei gva¨‡g(G‡ÿ‡Î †mB e¨w³wU‡K mZ¨ev`x n‡Z n‡e)|
mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv ej‡Z Zv‡`i gZvgZ‡K †evSvq hv †Kv‡bv mvnvwe BRwZnv‡` i gva¨‡ g DcbxZ n‡q‡Qb | mvnvwe‡` i d‡Zvq v cieZx© eskai‡`i Rb¨ cÖ vgvY¨| G wel‡q wZbwU gZvgZ Av‡Q|
cÖ_g gZ n‡jvÑ GwU Aek¨¤¢ vex cÖ gvY| G gZcš’ xiv KiAv‡bi 3:110 I 9:100 bs AvqvZØq‡K Ges ÔAvgvi Abmvixiv ZviKvi g‡ZvÕ I ÔAvgvi mvnvwe‡`i‡K m¤§vb KiÕ nvw`mØq‡K D‡jøL K‡ib| G g‡Zi Abmvix n‡jb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg kvwdC Ges Avng` web nv¤^ j‡KI G g‡Zi
^̄c‡ÿ D‡jøL Kiv nq| G g‡Zi we‡ivax hviv Zviv ej‡Z Pvb GmKj Dw³ Øviv mvnvwe‡`i gh© v`vi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvnvwe‡`i Av‡`k gvbv eva¨ZvgjK Zvi ^̄c‡ÿ GmKj cÖ gvY KvZC ch© vqf³ mvÿ¨ bq|
w ØZxq gZ n‡jv, mvnvwe‡`i BRwZnv` kwiqvni †Kv‡bv cÖ gvY bq GescieZx© eskai‡`i Rb¨ Zvi AbmiY eva¨ZvgjK bq| nvbvdx AvBbwe` Avej nvmvb Avj KviwL, Bgvg Avng` (Zvi GK gZvbmv‡i), Avkvwi Ges gZvwRjv we‡klÁiv G gZ aviY K‡ib| G gZcš’ xiv hw³ †`b †hÑ †h AvqvZ Øviv BRwZ nv`‡K eva¨ZvgjK Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv †hvM¨ mK‡ji Rb¨cÖ ‡hvR¨| GLv‡b mvnvwe wK mvnvwe bq Zvi g‡a¨ cv_© K¨ wbiƒcY Kiv
nqwb| Bgvg Mv¾vwj Ges Avwgw` G gZ‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb|
ZZxq g‡Zi aviK Bgvg Ave nvwbdv (iv.) ^̄ qs| Zvi e³e¨ n‡jv wKqv‡mi mv‡_ hw` †Kv‡bv mvnvwei gZvg‡Z A‰bK¨ †`Lv †`q, Z‡e mvnvwei gZB cÖvgvY¨ n‡e, wKš‘ hw` g‰ZK¨ †`Lv †`q Z‡e bq|
Dmj mvwn‡Z¨ Dc‡ivwjø wLZ gZ·qi evB‡iI Av‡iv KwZcq gZvgZ †`Lv hvq| G †_‡K Dcmsnvi Uvbv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, mvnvwe‡`i gZvgZc_wb‡`© kbvi Drm| mZK© Zvi mv‡_ Gme d‡Zvqvi †`vl¸Y we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L hw`I cwi®‹vi BRgv e¨ZxZ GmKj d‡Zvqv †g‡b Pjv eva¨Zvg jK bq|
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BmwZnmvb
BmwZnmvb (AvBbMZ AMÖ vwaKvi):
kvwãK A‡_© BmwZnmvb ( ) n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQ‡K AMÖ vwaKvi †`qv| AvBbMZ A‡_© BmwZnmvb n‡jv AvB‡bi kvwãK cÖ ‡qvM †_‡K D™fZ K‡VviZv Ges A ^̄ ”QZv cwinvi Kivi c×wZ| aviYvMZ w`K †_‡K BmwZnmvb cwðgv AvB‡b e¨eüZ mvg¨ (Equity) k‡ãi KvQvKvwQ| cwðgv AvB‡b mvg¨ kãwU cÖ vKwZK AvB‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q, wKš‘ BmwZnmvb M‡o D‡V‡Q Iwni gj m‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i|
BmwZnmvb kwiqvn n‡Z ^̄ vaxb bq eis kwiqvniB GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask|
mgv‡Ri cwieZ© bkxj cÖ ‡qvRbxqZvi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ BmwZnmvb AvB‡bi GKwU Acwinvh© Ask| nvbvdx, gvwjKx Ges nv¤ ̂jx gvRnv‡ei AvBbwe` KZ© K BmwZnmvb ^̄ xKwZ †c‡q‡Q| Avevi kvwdC, wkqv Ges Rvwnix gvRnv‡ei AvBbwe` KZ© K BmwZnmvb ^̄ xKwZ cvqwb| hv‡nvK,
nvbvdx AvBbwe` Avej nvmvb Avj KviwL BmwZnmvb‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb AwaKZi hw³msMZ Kvi‡Y GKwU cÖ wZwôZ bwRi †_‡K wfbœ iv‡q ’̄vbvšÍ ‡i i bxwZ wn‡m‡e | gvwjKx AvBbwe‡`i v BmwZnmvb A‡cÿv BmwZmjvni e¨vcv‡i AwaKZi AvMÖ nx| Zv‡`i g‡Z BmwZnmvb Kg‡ewk BmwZmjvni Abiƒc ev BmwZmjvni GKwU Ask|
KiAvb I mbœ vn‡Z BmwZnmv‡bi mg_© ‡b †Kv‡bv KvZC cÖ gvY †bB| Z‡e
KiAv‡bi 34:18 Ges 39:55 bs AvqvZØq BmwZnmv‡bi mg_© ‡b D‡jøL Kiv nq| GKBfv‡e GKwU weL¨vZ nvw`m Ôjv `viviv Iqv jv w`iviv wdj BmjvgÕ ( Ñ Bmjv‡g †Kv‡bv Amweav Av‡ivwcZ ev mn¨ Kiv n‡e bv) BmwZnmv‡bi mg_© ‡b D‡jøL Kiv nq| BmwZnmvb Nwbôfv‡e ivqGes wKqv‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| wKqvm Ges BmwZnmv‡b ivq GKwU¸iæZ¡cY© Dcv`vb, BmwZnmv‡bi †ÿ‡Î welqwU Av‡iv †ewk cÖ ‡hvR¨|
mvnvweiv mbœ vn‡K wemR© b w`‡q ivq cÖ ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mZK© wQ‡jb| Avn‡j nvw`mcš’ xiv ivq cÖ `vb †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb| Ab¨w`‡K AwaKvsk d Kvnv AvB‡bi †ÿ‡Î ^̄vaxbfv‡e ivq-Gi cÖ ‡qvM NUv‡Zb Ges Zviv Avnji ivq( e‡j cwiwPZ|
A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib †h, BmwZnmvb gjZ wKqvm Lvwd ( )| Zviv g‡b K‡i b †h, BmwZnmvb n‡jv wKqvm Rvwj ( ) †_‡K wKqvmLvwd‡Z ( ) †cŠQv| Av‡iK ai‡bi BmwZnmvb Av‡Q †hLv‡b KwZcq
ev Í̄ eZv n‡jv AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZ© K BmwZnmvb ^̄ xKZ| bvm, MnxZ cÖ_v, `viæivn ( Doctrine of necessity Ñ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv) A_ev
BmwZnmv‡bi D`vniY w`‡Z wM‡q nRiZ Igi (iv.) KZ© K `wf© ‡ÿi mgq Pwii Aciv‡a û`a AvB‡b `wʇZi nvZ KvUvi kvw Í̄ ’̄ wMZ Kivi D`vniY Dc ’̄ vcb Kiv nq| GLv‡b GKwU e¨wZµgx cwiw ’̄ wZ‡Z Bmjv‡gi GKwU wbw`© ó AvBb‡K e¨wZµgx c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e ’̄ wMZ Kiv nq| GKRb Ab¨Zg AvBbwe` Avj mvivLwm ( ) BmwZnmvb‡K MY¨ K‡ib Ggb GKwU
c×wZ wn‡m‡e hvi gva¨‡g KiAv‡bi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L AvBbx ûKg‡K mnR Kiv nq (2:185)| W. nvwkg Kvgvwj D‡jøL K‡i‡QbÑ mvnvwe Ges Zv‡ewqMY ïagvÎ AvÿwiK AbmiYKvix wQ‡jb bv| cÖ vqB Zv‡`i cÖ `Ë ivq kwiqvni gj B”Qv Ges D‡Ï‡k¨i Av‡jv‡K cÖ `vb K ‡i‡Qb Zviv| W. nvwkg Kvgvwj BmwZnmv‡bi GKwU bZb D`vniY w`‡q‡Qb| Bmjvgx AvB‡b †Kej †gŠwLK mvÿ¨ cÖ gvY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| wKš‘ eZ© gv‡b wKQ †ÿ‡Î Av‡jvKwPÎ, †iKW©KZ kã Ges M‡elYvMv‡i KZ we‡kø lY AwaKZi wek¦ vm‡hvM¨ cª gvY¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î BmwZnmvb c×wZi gva¨‡g Avgiv mvÿ¨ MÖ n‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †gŠwLK mv‡ÿ¨i †P‡q AvawbK c×wZ‡K AwaKZi cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z cvwi|
gvmjvnv ( Ñ Rb ^̄ v_© ) BZ¨vw`i wfwˇZ mvg¨ (Equity) Ges b¨vqwePv‡ii ^̄ v‡_© e¨wZµg‡KB mvaviY weavb wn‡m‡e a‡i †bqv nq|
Avj kvwdC KiAv‡bi 4:59 Ges 75:36 bs AvqvZ؇qi wfwˇZ BmwZnmv‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ G AvqvZØq BmwZnmv‡bi e¨vcv‡i mwbw ©̀ ó bq| Avj Mv¾vwj BmwZnmv‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
wKš‘ wZwb D‡jøL K‡ib †h kvwdC gvRnv‡e KiAvb I mbœ vni wfwˇZ BmwZnmvb‡ K ^̄ xKwZ †`q v n‡q‡Q | Avj Avwgw` (GKRb kvwdC AvBbwe`) D‡jøL K‡ib †h, kvwdC BmwZnmv‡bi Avkª q wb‡qwQ‡jb| AvawbK AvBbwe‡`iv D‡jøL K‡ib †hÑ BmwZnmv‡bi Avewk¨KZv A ^̄ xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB|
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gvmjvnv gimvjvn
gvmjvnv gimvjvn ( ):
kvwãK A‡_© gvmjvnv ( ) A_© DcKvi ev jvf| hLb kãwU gvmjvnv gimvjvn ( ) wn‡m‡e we‡klvwqZ nq ZLb Gi A_© `vovq AevwiZ Rb ^̄ v_© | gvmjvnv gimvjvn BmwZmjvni cª wZkã Ges GwU gvmjvnv gZjvKv wn‡m‡eI e¨eüZ nq| Bgvg Mv¾vwj (iv.) g‡b K‡ib gvmjvnvcvPwU welq‡K aviY K‡i hv msiÿY K‡i Rxeb, ag©, ew×ewË, esk I m¤úwË G es G Dcv`vb¸‡jv DcKvi‡K msiÿY K‡i Ges nvivg‡KcÖ wZ‡iva K‡i|
gvmjvnvi wfwˇZ Zv‡ewqbiv g`ª v cÖYqb, †RjLvbv ’̄ vcb Ges LvivR(LvRbv) Av‡ivc Kivi wm×všÍ MÖ nY K‡ib| Dmjwe`MY BmwZmjvni e¨vcv‡i HKgZ¨ n‡q‡Qb †h Bev`‡Zi wel‡q Ges kwiqvni †Kv‡bv mwbw ©̀ ó ûK‡gi †ÿ‡Î, †hgbÑ DËivwaKvi AvBb, BmwZmjvni cÖ ‡qvM †bB| AwaKvsk Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib BmwZmjvn AvBb cÖYq‡bi GKwU h_v_© c×wZ| Avj kvwZwe †`Lvb †h GwU miv Avj Avw¤^ qvi 107 bs Avqv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ mvab K‡i †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡QÑ ÔAvgiv †Zvgv‡K RMZevmxi ingZ ^̄ iƒc †cÖ iY K‡iwQÕ| gvmjvnvi mg_ © ‡b KiAv‡bi 5:6 Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv hvq| Av‡jgMY gvmjvnvi mg_© ‡b wb‡gœ v³ nvw`mmgn D‡jøL K‡ib:
1. Bmjv‡g †Kv‡bv Amweav Av‡ivwcZ n‡e bv ev mn¨ Kiv n‡e bv|2. `‡Uv weK‡íi g‡a¨ ivmj (m.) mnRwU‡K MÖ nY K‡ib hZÿY bv GwU cv‡ci KviY nq|
3. Avjø vnZvqvjv Zvi †`qv K‡Vvi wewa cvj‡bi b¨vq mweavRbK wewaI gvbl Dc‡fvM Ki‡Q GwU †`L‡Z fv‡jvev‡mb|
Dc‡iv³ D×wZmgn GwU wbwðZ K‡i †h, AvnKvg Kv‡qg Kivi bv‡g †Kv‡bv AcÖ ‡qvRbxq K‡VviZvi Ab‡gv`b †bB Ges gmwjg‡`i DwPZ kwiqvn cÖ `Ë bgbxqZv Ges mweav MÖ nY Kiv|
mKj †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡kw`b gvmjvnvi Dci Avgj K‡iwQ‡jb| nRiZ AveeKi (iv.) KiAvb‡K msKjb K‡ib| nRiZ Igi (iv.) miKvwi Awdm Ace¨envi Kivi Rb¨ miKvwi Kg© KZ© v‡`i `vqx K‡ib| nRiZ Dmgvb (iv.) KiAvb kwi‡di mwVK bKj eÈb K‡ib Ges wfbœ Zv m¤úbœ cv‡Vi bKj cwo‡q †d‡jb| nRiZ Avjx (iv.) KvwiMi Ges e¨emvqx‡ `i wR¤§vq _vKv `ª e¨ nvwi‡q †M‡j Zv‡`i‡KB Zvi Rb¨ `vqx K‡ib|
AwaKvsk Av‡jg KZ© K gvmjvnvi ( ) cÿvej¤^ b Kiv nq| hv‡nvK, gvmjvnvi c‡ÿ me‡P‡q k³ mg_© b cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg kvwZwe Ges Ab¨vb¨ Av‡iv KwZcq Ijvgvi g‡Z gvmjvnv wZb cÖ Kvi| h_v:
1. cÖ ‡ qvRbxq ( Ñ `iæwiqvZ);
2. mweav`vqK (ÑÑÑÑ nvwRqvZ);
3. †mŠ›`h© `vqK ( Ñ ZvnwmwbqvZ)|
gvmjvnv‡K wbgœ iƒc wZbfv‡MI fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v:
K. gvmjvnv gZveviv (wbf© i‡hvM¨ gvmjvnv): GB gvmjvnv kwiq‡Zi mKj †ÿ‡Î MÖ nY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D`vniY ^̄iƒc ejv hvq †h, gvwjKvbv iÿvi Rb¨ †Pvi‡K kvw Í̄ †`qv|
L. gvmjvnv gimvjvn: GB ai‡bi gvmjvnv‡K kwiqZ me‡ÿ‡Î MÖ nYI K‡iwb ev me‡ÿ‡Î cwiZ¨vMI K‡iwb| Gi D`vniY n‡”Q gmwjg†`kmg‡n cÖ ewZ©Z Hme `wjjv`x hv weevn A_ev m¤úwËi gvwjKvbvcÖ gv‡Yi Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
M. gvmjvnv gjMvn: GB ai‡bi gvmjvnv me© ‡ÿ‡Î cwiZ¨vM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
gvmjvnv‡K ˆeaZv †`qvi Rb¨ wb‡gœ v³ kZ© mgn ciY Ki‡Z n‡e:
1. gvmjvnv Aek¨B AKwÎg n‡Z n‡e|
2. gvmjvnv Aek¨B mve© Rbxb n‡Z n‡e ( Ñ K wjø qvn)|
3. gvmjvnv Aek¨B ¯úó bvm-Gi (Text) mv‡_ mvsNwl© K n‡e bv|
Avj Zwd Zvi eB Ôgvmvwjn Avj gimvjvnÕ-†Z D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bev`‡Zi †ÿÎ e¨ZxZ A_ev kwiqvni mwbw`© ó ûKg Qvov gvmvwjn (Ñ gvmjvnvi eûePb) Ab¨vb¨ cÖ gv‡Yi †P‡q AMÖ vwaKvi cv‡e|
wKqvm, BmwZnmvb, BmwZmjvn BZ¨vw`i g‡a¨ AvšÍtm¤úK© eY© bv Ki‡Z †h‡q D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, wKqvm Ges BmwZnmvb Avewk¨Kfv‡e bm‡mi (Text) Bjø v‡Zi Dci wbf© ikxj| bm‡mi Bjø v‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i
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wKqvm I BmwZnmvb Øviv AvB‡bi m¤cÖ mviY N‡U| wKš‘ hLb Dwjø wLZ cÖ Kv‡i AvBb ˆZwi m¤¢ e nq bv ZLb gvmjvnvi wfwˇZ ev Rb ^̄ v‡_© AvBb ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| GK`j we‡klÁ G c×wZ‡Z AvBb ˆZ wii Zxeª we‡ivax| wKš‘ G gZf³ Ijvgviv msL¨vjwNô Ges Zv‡`i hw³I †Zgb †Rviv‡jv bq| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji g‡Z cwieZ© bkxj we‡k¦ i bZb cwiw ’̄ wZ‡K †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvgx AvBbwe`‡`i Rb¨ gvmjvnv n‡”Q cÖavb
c×wZ| Did ( Ñ cÖ_v):
Did Ges BmwZmnve
Dmj mvwn‡Z¨ Did‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q cbtmsNUbkxj Abkxjb wn‡m‡e hv Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU cÖ KwZMZ w`K †_‡K DËg e‡j ^̄ xKZ| Did Ges GUv †_‡K AvnwiZ ÔgviædÕ ( ) `‡Uv kãB KiAvb kwi‡d gjZ fv‡jv (g‡›`i wecixZ) Ges Avjø vni weav‡bi AvbMZ¨ A‡_© I e¨eüZ n ‡q‡Q (3:110, 7:199)| Z‡e KiAv‡bi KwZcq ’̄ v‡b Did kãwU cÖ_v wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q (2:233 Ñ mšÍ vb cÖ wZcvjbv‡_© )| kwiqvn ZvB bxwZMZfv‡e cÖ_v‡K nvjvj Ges nvivg wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ ˆeaZv
w`‡q‡Q| wdKvnwe`iv Did‡K kwiqvni AvnKvg wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨I MÖ nY K‡i‡Qb| wdKvn HmKj weavb hv AvBbwe`‡`i gZvgZ ev BRwZnv‡`i Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q| †`Lv †M‡Q A‡bK weavb MwVZ n‡q‡Q cÖ PwjZcÖ_vi Av‡jv‡K| ZvB mg‡qi †cÖ wÿ‡Z hw` cÖ_v¸‡jv cwiewZ© Z nq Z‡e D³ cÖ_vi Av‡jv‡K MwVZ weavb¸‡jvi cwieZ© b Kivi AbgwZ kwiqvn‡Z Av‡Q|
KwZcq dKvnv ( ) (Bgvg mqwZ Ges mvivLwm) GKwU bxwZi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb we‡ePbvi Rb¨| †mwU n‡jv ÔcÖ_vi gva¨‡g hv cÖ gvwYZ Zv kwiq‡Zi gva¨‡g cÖ gvwY‡Zi m`kÕ| G weavbwU Zi‡¯‹i †Ljvd‡Z Avj gvRvjø vni AvBb MÖ š’ cÖYq‡bi mgq MnxZ n‡qwQj| Z‡e GB weavbwU
gmwjg †`kmg‡ni cÖ_vi †ÿ‡Î cÖ ‡qvM‡hvM¨ Ges hw` cÖ_vwU kwiqvni Ab¨vb¨ weavb Ges mvieËvi mv‡_ mvsNwl© K bv nq| Agmwjg mgv‡Ri cÖ_v AZ¨šÍ mZK© Zvi mv‡_ wbixÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
ivmj (m.)-Gi RxeÏkvq Aviexq mgv‡R cÖ PwjZ cÖ_v Ges †hmKj cÖ_v ivmj (m.) KZ© K evwZj nqwb †mmKj cÖ_v‡K ivm‡ji (m.) bxie ^̄ xKwZ wn‡m‡e a‡i wb‡Z n‡e Ges GmKj cÖ_v‡K mbœvn ZvKwiwiqvn wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| w`qv
