Usool ul Hadees malayalam

AØu-loZv ! 3 ! P\p-hcn ˛ s^_p-hcn 2012

Academy for Islamic Studiesand Research, ISM Complex,R.M. Road, Kozhikode - 2

Phone: 0495 2701804Fax: 0495 2703870

AdvisorsProf. P Muhammed kuttassery

Dr. E K Ahmed KuttyDr. P K Hussain Madavoor

Chief EditorC P Umer sullami

Executive EditorsAbdul Jabbar Trippanachi

K P Zakariyya

MembersDr. P P Abdul Haque

Dr. Jamaludheen FarooquiC A Saeed Farooqui

I P Abdussalam

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]pkvXIw 7 !!!!! e°w 4 !!!!! 2012 P\p-hcn˛s^_p-hcn

D≈-S°w

lZokv \ntj[ ]h-W-X-IƒFw sF apl-ΩZen kp√anlZokv \ntj-[-Øn-eqsS Ckvem-ans\Øs∂ \ntj-[n-°m≥km[n-°p-sa∂ FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS X¥sØ apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m¿ ]≠p-ap-Xte sNdp-Øp-t]m-∂n-´p-≠v.

12

\_n-Ncy Ckvem-anI ]amWw .......................................09

lZo-kp-Ifpw kmt¶-XnI ]tbm-K-ßfpw .........................................22

lZokv ]T\w C¥y-bn¬ .......................................40

_pJm-cn-bn¬ \ncq-]-W-hn-t[-b-amb lZo-kp-Itfm? ...................44

ae-bm-f-Ønse lZokv KŸ-ßƒ .......................................48

Aapkvenw BtLm-j-ßfpw apkvenw-Ifpw .........................................50

Hgp°v (I-hn-X) .......................................53

akvXn-jvI acWw kw -hn-®m¬ ( -Xm-hm) .........................................60

A RARE COPY OF THE QURAN ..........................................69

......................................................................70

[email protected]

hymP lZo-kp-Iƒ DZv -hhpw Imc-W-ßfpwkn apl-ΩZv keow kp√anlZo-kp-I-fn¬ "hymPw' IS-∂p-Iq-Snb hgn-Iƒhni-I-e\w sNøp∂p.

27

lZo-kp-Iƒ \_n(-kz) ]d-™-Xmbnÿnc-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ßs\?F A_vZp- emw kp√ank\Zpw aXv\pw Hcp-t]mse Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ amXtalZokv \_n-N-cy-bmbn ÿnc-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q.

32

`qan F¥p-sIm≠v Poh≥s\©n-te-‰p∂p?Sn ]n Fw dm^nkuc-bq-Y-Øn¬ Poh≥ ]cn-e-kn-°p∂ Htc-sbmcp Klw`qan-bm-Wv. F¥p-sIm≠v?

54

ssZh-\maw P]n-°p∂ ]d-h-IƒAUz. F≥ Da¿tImb 64

áYÉª÷Gh áæ°ùdG πgCG


]am-W-ß-fn-te°v aS-ßpI

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬

kn ]n Da¿ kp√an

tI-c-f-Øn-se ap-kv-enw-I-sf kw-_-‘n-t®-S-tØm-fw X-ß-fp-sS N-cn-X-Øn-s‚ Z-im-k-‘n-I-fn-¬ \n-c-h-[n D-∞m-\-]-X-\-ß-ƒ I-gn-™p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v.]-Xm-]-Øn-s‚ D-Øpw-K-X-bpw A-[:ÿn-Xn-bp-sS B-g-hpw A-h-¿ A-\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. ]-sØm-≥]Xmw \q-‰m-≠v ap-gp-h-\pw C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚BZy-Z-i-I-ßfpw tIcf apkvenw-I-fpsS Ccp-f-S™ Im-e-L-´-am-bn-cp-∂pF-∂-Xv A-Xn-i-tbm-‡n-b-√. Hu-]-Nm-cn-I hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn-¬ apkvenw-Iƒ

Xß-fpsS a-°-sf tN-¿-°m-dn-√. am-Xr-`m-j, Cw-•o-jv C-h-sbm-∂pw A-dn-bn-√.A-£-c-⁄m-\w t]m-ep-an-√. hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ hm-bn-°m-≥ ]-Tn-°p-I-bpw A-Xn-\p-th-≠n A-d-_n A-£-c-ß-ƒ A-`y-kn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-I F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂pAh-cpsS ]-c-am-h-[n hn-Zym-`ym-kw. s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-¬ \n-∂v H-‰-s∏-´v H-cp-X-cw A-]-I-¿-j-tØm-sS Po-hn-°p-∂ H-cp ]m-¿-iz-h-Xv-Ir-X k-aq-l-am-bn-cp-∂p ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ.

ù-Xn-I-am-bpw km-aq-ln-I-am-bpw C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p ÿn-Xn-sb-¶n-¬ A-h-cp-sS a-X-]-c-am-b \n-e-hm-cw C-Xn-t\°mƒ ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. sN-dp-∏-Øn-¬ Izp-¿-B-≥ ]m-cm-b-Ww ]-Tn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p .A-Xn-\m-¬ A-d-_n A-£-c-a-dn-bmw. km-t¶-Xn-I-am-bn km-£-c-X-bp-s≠-∂p-am-Xw. tI-h-e ]m-cm-b-W-Øn-e-∏p-dw Izp-¿-B-≥ F-s¥-∂v a-\- n-em-°n-bn-ń-√. A-d-_n a-e-bm-f en-]n-bn-¬ F-gp-X-s∏-´ am-e-∏m-´p-I-fpw In- -∏m-´p-I-fpw Nn-e Io-¿-Ø-\-Im-hy-ß-fpw Po-hn-X N-cy-bm-bnsIm-≠p-\-S-∂p. Izp-¿-B-≥ _-¿-°-Øn-\p-am-Xw Hm-Xpw. \m-´p-\-S-∏p-I-fpw ]m-c-º-cy-ß-fpw am-X-am-Wv ]-am-W-ß-ƒ. a-X-hn-Zym-`ym-kw Z-¿-kp-I-fn-¬ ]-cn-an-X-am-bn. I-¿-a-im-kv-X-Øn-se G-Xm-\pw K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ N-¿-hn-X-N-¿-h-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn-\-∏p-dw "]-fin-X-∑m-¿'°p-t]m-epw D-b-cm-≥ I-gn-™n-√. a-Zv-l-_o ]-£-]m-Xn-Xzwap-J-ap-Z-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw au-en-I-am-bn a-Zv-l-_p-I-ƒ F-¥m-sW-∂p-t]m-epwA-dn-bn-√. Np-cp-°-Øn-¬ hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ C-kv-em-an-s‚ ]-am-W-am-sW-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-Ø H-c-h-ÿ \-Ωp-sS k-aq-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kp-∂-Øv A-Y-hm \-_n-N-cy F-s¥-∂v, ]-fin-X-sc-∂v P-\-ß-ƒ ]-d-bp-∂-h-¿-°p-t]m-epw A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu A-Sn-ÿm-\ Im-c-W-Øm-¬-X-s∂ ap-kv-enw D-Ω-Øn-s‚ b-Ym-¿-YC- -Øv(-]-Xm-]w) ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v \-jv-S-s∏-´p.

ap-kv-enw D-Ω-Øn-s‚ ]-Xn-Xm-h-ÿ-bp-sS aq-e-Im-c-Ww Xn-cn-®-dn-™ Nn-e a-lm-a-\o-jn-I-ƒ A-h-¿-°n-S-bn-¬ C-kzv-em-ln-\p th-≠n, A-Y-hm A-h-sc b-Ym-¿-Y C-kv-em-an-I ]m-X-bn-te-°p-b-¿-Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm-≥ i-aw Xp-S-ßn. \-thm-∞m-


\ ]-ÿm-\-sa-t∂m C-kzv-em-lo ]-ÿm-\-sa-t∂mA-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ k-ap-Zm-b Pm-K-c-W ]-In-b-bv-°vXp-S-°w Ip-dn-®-Xv ]-sØm-≥-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚A-¥y-Z-i-I-ß-fn-¬(1890 I-fn-¬) B-bn-cp-∂p. B-Zy-am-Zyw hy-‡n-I-fpw ]-fin-X-∑m-cpw H-‰-bv-°pw]n-∂o-Sv kw-L-Sn-X-am-bpw I-¿-a-cw-K-Øn-d-ßn-b C-kzv-em-lo ]-h-¿-Ø-I-¿ i-≤-bq-∂n-b-Xv hn-ip-≤Izp-¿-B-≥ P-\-ß-fn-te-s°-Øn-°p-I-bpw k-aq-l-sØ Izp-¿-B-\n-te-°v Xn-cn -®p-hn-fn -°p-IbpwsNøp∂-Xn-em-bn-cp-∂p. hn-Zym-`ym-k kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ-°v C-Xn-s‚ k-am-¥-c-am-bn Xp-S-°w Ip-dn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw c-≠m-a-Xm-bn Du-∂-¬ \-¬-In-bXv \-_n-N-cy A-Y-hm kp-∂-Øv F-¥m-sW-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hv P-\-ß-fn-¬ D-≠m-°n-Øo-¿-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. X-ß-fp-sS a-X-Io-b B-Nm-c-ßƒ\-_n-N-cy-bv-°-\p-k-cn-®v cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂pw \-_n-N-cy-bv-°-∏p-d-ap-≈ B-Nm-c-ß-ƒ-°v a-X-Øn-¬ ÿm-\-an-s√-∂pw ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv]-d-™-t∏m-ƒ A-X-h-¿-°v A-]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn A-\p-`-h-s∏-´p. a-Zv-l-_o ]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-Øn-s‚ ]n-Sn-bn-e-a-¿-∂ Nn-e ]-fin-X-∑m-cpw "kp-∂-Øn's\-Xn-sc]-Nm-c-W-hp-am-bn cw-K-Øp-h-∂p. ]-t£, i-‡-am-b sh-fn-®w I-S-∂p-h-∂-t∏m-ƒ C-cp-´n-\v h-gn-am-dm-sX \n-hr-Øn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

C-kzv-em-lo ]-ÿm-\-sØ i-‡n-bm-bn F-Xn-¿-Ø ]-fin-X-∑m-c-S-°-ap-≈-h-¿ Izp-¿-B-\pw kp-∂-Øp-am-Wv \-Ωp-sS ]-am-W-sa-∂v ]-d-tb-≠n-h-∂p. hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ H-cp U-k-\n-e-[n-Iwa-e-bm-f hn-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- p. _p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enwt]m-ep-≈ l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-fpw m-jm-¥-c-Ww sN-ø-s∏-´p. ap-kv-enw km-am-\y-P-\wX-ß-fp-sS ]-am-W-ß-ƒ Xn-cn-®-dn-™p. F-∂m-¬k-Xy-sØ G-sd-°m-ew \n-e-\n-¬-°m-≥ C-_v-eo-kv k-Ω-Xn-°n-√-t√m. Izp-¿-B-\pw l-Zo-kpw \-ap-°v ]-Tn-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-√; a-lm-]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS hm-°p-I-fm-Wv \-ap-°v ]-am-Ww F-∂p-am-Xw P-\-ß-sf ]-Tn-∏n-® ]-fin-X-∑m-¿, P-\-ß-ƒ-°v Xn-cn-®-dn-hp-≠m-b-t∏m-ƒ, I-f-cn-°p ]p-d-tØ-°v Nm-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv I-≠-Xv.

AXm-bXv kI-e-am\ \m´p-\-S-∏p-Iƒ°pw Izp¿-B-\nepw lZo-knepw sX-fn-hp-I-ƒ "I-s≠-Øp'∂hn-Nn-X-am-b Im-gv-N-bm-Wv C-cp-]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚A-¥y-Z-i-I-ß-fn-¬ Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-™-Xv. l-Zo-kvF-∂ hym-tP-\ G-Xv hm-tdm-e-bpw ]-amW-am°p-I, ]-am-W tbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ Zp-¿hym-Jym-\w sN-bv-Xv X-ß-fp-sS B-Nm-c-ß-ƒ-°v sX-fn-hm-bp-≤-cn-°p-I Xp-S-ßn-b A-Xy-¥w Kp-cp-X-c-am-bÿn-Xn-hn-ti-j-Øn-te-°v Im-cy-ß-ƒ \o-ßn-Øp-S-ßn. C-kzv-em-lo ]-fin-X-∑m-¿-°v ho-≠pw `m-cwh-¿-[n-®p. l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ am-\-Z-fiw(-D-kzq-ep¬ l-Zo-kv) P-\-ß-ƒ-°v t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-t°-≠n-h-∂p.

Im-e-Øn-s‚ kq-Nn-sb ]n-Sn-®p-\n-¿-Øm-≥ bm-

Ym-ÿn-Xn-I-X-bv-°m-bn-√. Izp-¿-B-\pw \-_n-N-cy-bpw ]-Tn-®p a-\- n-em-°n-b e-£-°-W-°v D-Xv-_p-≤-cm-b Bfp-Iƒ tI-c-f-Øn-¬ h-f-¿-∂p-h-∂p. l-Zo-kn-¬ A-h-Km-lw t\-Sn-b ]-fin-X-≥-am-cp-≠m-bn. ]-am-W-tbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw ]-am-Wtbm-Ky-a-√m-Ø-h-bpw F-ß-s\-bm-Wv th-¿-Xn-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-∂v km-[m-c-W-°m-¿-t]m-epw km-am-\y-am-bn D-ƒ-s°m-≠p. hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\pw ]-am-W-tbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw(kz-lo-lv) B-Wv Ckv-em-an-¬ ]-am-W-sa-∂ t_m-[yw A-h-¿-°p-≠m-bn.kzn-lm-lp- n-Ø A-Y-hm B-dv kz-lo-lv K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ A-h-¿-°-dn-bmw. ]m-_-ey-Øn-¬ an-I-®p-\n-¬-°p-∂-Xv _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-ap-am-sW-∂pw A-h-¿ c-≠p-t]-cpw H-cp-an-®p-≤-cn-® "ap-Ø-^-Izp-≥ A-sse-ln'bm-Wv G-‰-hpw ]-_-e-sa-∂pw A-h-¿ Xn-cn-®-dn-™p.

F-∂m-¬ I-d-I-f-™ t\-cn-s‚ Iq-sS A-¿-[-k-Xy-ß-ƒ Iq-Sn-°-e-¿-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-hv \-jv-S-s∏-Sp-Ikzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Izp-¿-B-≥ I-gn-™m-¬ ]-am-Ww_p-Jm-cn, ]n-s∂ ap-kv-enw F-∂o K-Ÿ-ß-fm-sW-∂v F-ß-s\-tbm H-cp [m-c-W k-aq-l-Øn-¬ I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn. a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf X-Izv-eo-Zv (A-‘-am-b A-\p-I-c-Ww) sN-øp-∂-Xv am-‰n _p-Jm-cn-sb-tbm ap-kv-en-an-s\-tbm X-Izv-eo-Zv sN-øp-I-bm-Wv th-≠-sX-∂m-Wv Nn-e-cp-sS-sb-¶n-epw [m-c-W. b-Ym-¿-Y-Øn-¬, \-_n-N-cy Ip-‰-a-‰ co-Xn-bn-¬ ]n-¬-°m-e-°m-¿-s°-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-≥-th-≠n B-bp-jv-°m-ew sN-e-h-gn-®-h-cm-Wv B a-l-Øp-°-ƒ. A-hp-c-sS I-s≠-Ø-ep-I-fn-epw A-]m-I-X-I-ƒ kw-`-hn-°mw. F-∂m-¬ A-]m-I-X-sb-ß-s\ I-s≠-Øm-sa-∂v A-h-¿ \-sΩ ]-Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apwD-≤-cn-®-h-bp-ƒ-s∏-sS l-Zo-kp-I-fn-¬ ]-am-W-tbm-Ky-a-√m-Ø Nn-e-Xp-≠v F-∂v I-s≠-Øn-b-Xpw a-lm-]-fin-X-∑m-¿ X-s∂-bm-Wv. A-h-cn-¬ H-cm-fm-Wv B-[p-\n-I Im-e-Øv Po-hn-® ssi-Jv \m-kzn-dp-±o-≥ A-¬-_m-\n. \n-¿-`m-Ky-h-im-¬ Cu A-¬-_m-\n-sb Nn-e-¿ X-Izv-eo-Zv sNøm≥ Xp-S-ßn. A-¬_m-\n-bp-tSXv A-h-km-\-hm-°m-bn I-W-°m-°n A-h-¿. X-Izv-eo-Zv Po-hn-X-Øn-¬ \n-s∂m-gn-hm-°n Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚-bpw \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS-bpw ]m-X-bn-te-°v I-S-∂p-h-∂-h-cn-¬ \n-∂m-Wv Cu A-`n-\h X-Izv-eo-ZvD-S-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.

Np-cp-°-Øn-¬ \-_n-N-cy(-l-Zo-kv) \-Ωp-sS c-≠m-a-sØ ]-am-W-am-Wv. A-Xv tIm-Uo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv ]-hm-N-I hn-tbm-Km-\-¥-c-am-b-Xn-\m-epw hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-t∏m-se A-]-am-Zn-Xzw A-Xn-s‚ tIm-Uo-I-c-W-Øn-\n-√m-Ø-Xn-\m-epw A-Xn-¬]-_-e-am-b-Xpw Zp-¿-_-e-am-b-Xpw I-t≠-°mw. A-Xv th-¿-Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m-\p-≈ am-¿-K-Øn-¬ ap-kv-enwtemI-Øn-s‚ C-Pv-am-Av D-≠v. A-Øu-lo-Zv Cue-°-Øn-se I-h-¿-tÃm-dn Cu hn-j-b-am-°n-b-Xvk-µ-¿-t`m-Nn-X-hpw ]-tbm-P-\]Z-hpw B-hp-sa-∂v]-Xo-£n-°p-∂p. "


apJ-°mgvN

]n apl-ΩZv Ip´-t»cn

\thm-∞m\ Nn¥hgn-am-dp-Itbm?

tI-c-f-Øn-¬ ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-Øn-¬ C-∂p ]-I-S-am-Ip-∂ CuD-W-¿-hpw ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpw H-cp \q-‰m-≠p-Im-e-sØ ap-kv-enw \-thm-∞m-\ ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ ]-h-¿-Ø-\ ^-e-am-Wv. hn-izm-k-˛-B-Nm-c cw-K-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂ Xn-∑-I-ƒ-s°-Xn-cn-¬ Cu ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ \m-b-I-∑m-cm-b ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ k-[o-cw t]m-cm-Sp-I-bpw hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c- am-bpw km-aq-ly--am-bpw D-¬-_p-≤-X t\-Sm-≥ B-lzm-\w \-S-Øp-I-bpwsN-bv-Xp. C-Xn-s‚ ^-e-am-bn k-aq-lw F-√m cw-K-ß-fn-epw A-`n-hr-≤n ssI-h-cn-®-t∏m-ƒ A-∂v ]-ÿm-\-sØ \-J-in-Jm-¥w F-Xn-¿-Øn-cp-∂-h-¿ C-∂v X-ß-fm-Wv \-thm-∞m-\w kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v hm-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-¬ A-¤p-X-s∏-Sm-\n-√. Im-c-Ww A-Xv \n-e-\n-ev-]n-s‚ ]-iv-\-am-Wv.Cw-•o-jn-s‚ t\-sc i-Xp-Xm m-hw ]-I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-h-cp-sS ]n-≥-Km-an-I-ƒ _n-´o-jv hn-tcm-[-am-Wv A-Xn-s‚ ]n-∂n-se-∂ \ym-bw ]-d-bm-≥ \n-¿-_-‘n-X-cm-bn.

hn-Zym-`ym-k cw-K-Øv ap-kv-enw kv-Xo-bp-sS ap-t∂-‰w A-¤p-Xm-h-l-am-Wv. ap-kv-enw kv-Xo-°v I-sø-gp-Øv ]-Tn-∏n-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-s√-∂ X-ß-fp-sS ap-≥-Km-an-I-ƒ ]-d-™-Xv A-]-am-\-am-bn Im-Wp-∂ ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d A-h-¿ A-ß-s\ ]-d-™-Xn-s\ C-∂p \n-tj-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. kv-Xo-bp-sS ]-≈n ]-th-i-sØ C-X-bpw- Im-ew F-Xn-¿-Øp-sh-¶n-epw]-≈n-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n-®v kv-Xo-I-ƒ-°v \-a-kv-Im-c-ku-I-cyw G-¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ \n-¿_‘nX-cm-bn. in¿°v ]c-amb ]hr-Øn-Iƒ ]eXpw C-∂v \n-e-\n-¿-Øm-≥ i-an-°p-∂-Xv A-Xv ]-e-cp-sS-bpw D-]-Po-h-\ am-¿-K-hpw km-º-Øn-I h-cp-am-\-Øn-s‚ i-‡-am-b tkm-X- p-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bp-sS ap-ºn-¬ ]n-Sn-®p-\n-ev-°m-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv Xu-lo-Zn-\v ]p-Xn-b hym-Jym-\w \-ev-In X-ß-fp-sS in-¿-°v ]-c-am-b ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-√mw Xu-lo-Zm-bn hym-Jym-\n-°m-≥ i-an-°p-∂-Xv.

ap-kv-enw k-aq-lw s]m-Xp-sh \-thm-∞m-\ ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ B-i-b-ß-fn-te-°v B-Ir-jv-S-cm-Ip-∂ A-tX A-h-k-cw X-s∂ Cu ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ ]n-≥-Km-an-I-fn-¬ ]q-¿-hn-I-¿ F-Xn-¿-Øn-cp-∂ B-i-b-ß-ƒ-°v ]p-\-¿-P-∑w \-ev-Ip-∂ ]-h-W-X sh-®p-]p-e-¿-Øp-∂ H-cp sN-dn-b hn-`m-Kw D-b-¿-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv A-tß-b-‰w B-i-¶m-P-\-I-am-Wv. 1933am-¿-®v 5˛mw Xn-ø-Xn H-cp ]-fin-X k-` ]m- m-°n-b ]-ta-b-Øn-¬ "B-


b-Øv l-Zo-kv a-‰p ap-A- -am-b A-kv-am-Av C-h-sIm-≠v a-¥w sN-ø-epw D-dp-°v F-gp-Xn-s°-´-epw ]n-™m-Ww F-gp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°-epw sh-≈w, \q-ev ap-X-em-b-h a-¥n-®v sI-´-epw _p-¿-Z Hm-Xn a-¥n-°-epw'a-Xm-\p-kr-X-am-sW∂pw C-h in-¿-°m-sW-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-h-¿ J-Øo-_vJm-Zn-ÿm-\-Øn-\v sIm-≈m-Ø-h-cm-sW-∂pw Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-∂p' F-∂vtc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. C-h-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v A-∂v \n-e-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂ A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-ƒ X-s∂-bm-Wv tlm-aw, D-gn-®n-¬, sN-Ip-Øm-≥ Iq-S-¬, sN-Ip-Øm-t\-dv, C-f-In-∏-d-b-¬ _m-[-tb-ev-]n-°-¬, _m-[-bn-d-°-¬, Pn-∂v Iq-S-¬, Pn-∂v tk-h, I-W-°v t\m-°-¬, ]-iv-\w sh-°-¬, am-c-Ww sN-ø-¬, am-c-W-ap-‡n t\-S-¬, Iq-tSm-Xw Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw. Pn-∂n-epw ssi-Øm-\n-ep-ap-≈ A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv C-h-sb-√mw F∂v ]dbmw.

apkvenw \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-∑m¿ AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-ƒ A-√m-lp-hn-\pw A-h-≥ A-dn-bn-®p sIm-Sp-°p-∂ ]-hm-N-I-∑m-¿-°pw am-X-taA-dn-bp-I-bp-≈p-sh-∂pw, A-Zr-iy-am-¿-K-Øn-eq-sS a-\p-jy-\v u-Xn-I-am-bn D-]-Z-hw sN-øm-≥ Pn-∂n-\pw ssi-Øm-\pw I-gn-hv sIm-Sp-Øn-ń-s√-∂pw a-\p-jy-a-\- n-¬ Zp-jv-Nn-¥-I-fpw Zp-¿-hn-Im-c-ß-fpw kr-jv-Sn-®v A-h-s\ h-gn-]n-g-∏n-°p-I F-∂ I-gn-hv am-X-am-Wv ]n-im-Nn-\v A-√m-lp \-ev-In-bn-´p-≈-sX-∂pw P-\-ß-sf ]-d-™p t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn.Pn-∂v a-\p-jy-\n-¬ Iq-Sp-sa-∂p-Xpw K-¿-`-ÿ in-ip-hn-s\ X-ń-sb-Sp-°p-sa-∂p-ap-≈-sX-√mw X-\n A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fm-sW-∂pw A-h-¿ i-‡n-bp-‡w hm-Zn-®p. sN-Ip-Øm-≥ _m-[, Pn-∂v Iq-S-¬ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw Nn-e am-\-kn-I tcm-K-ß-fm-sW-∂pw A-h-¿ k-a-¿-Yn-®p. ssh-Zy-im-kv-X-]-c-hpw a-\-»m-kv-X-]-c-hpamb i-cn-bm-b Nn-In-’m co-Xn-I-ƒ kzo-I-cn-°m-≥ A-h-¿ B-lzm-\w sN-bv-Xp.

F-∂m-¬ ap-kv-enw-I-fn-¬ \-thm-∞m-\w kr-jv-Sn-°m-\pw A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw Zq-co-I-cn-°m-\pw Xym-Kw sN-bv-X a-lm-]-fin-X-cp-sS ]n-≥-Km-an-I-fn-¬ Nn-e-¿ A-∂v \-thm-∞m-\ \m-b-I-∑m-sc F-Xn-¿-Øp k-aq-l-Øn-¬ A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-ƒ D-d-∏n-®p-\n-¿-Øm-≥ Hm-Xn-bn-cp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-sf-√mw Hm-Xn B hn-izm-k-ß-ƒ-°v]p-\:kr-jv-Sn- \-ev-Im-≥ i-an-°p-I-bm-Wv. ssi-Jp-¬ A-kv-l-¿ Xp-d-∂p-]-d-™ H-cp k-Xyw C-hn-sS i-≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]q-¿-h-Im-e ]-fin-X-∑m-cn-¬ Nn-e-¿ P-\-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ ]-Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂[m-c-W-I-fp-sS i-cn-sX-‰p-I-ƒ ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-sX A-h-bp-sS a-X-hn-[n-I-ƒ ]-kv-Xm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. A-ß-s\-bm-Wv Pn-∂v a-\p-jy-kv-Xo-bp-am-bn ssew-Kn-I _-‘w ]p-e-¿-Øp-∂-Xm-bn _-‘-s∏-´ hn-j-b-ß-ƒA-h-¿ N-¿-® sN-bv-X-Xv. A-ß-s\ Pn-∂pw a-\p-jy-kv-Xo-bpw X-Ωn-¬ _-‘w ]p-e-¿-Øp-tam F∂ Imcyw Ah¿ ]cn-tim-[-\bv°v hnt[-b-am°n bn-√. l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn-epw C-ß-s\ A-h-bp-sS km-l-N-cy-ß-ƒ ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-sX-bpw B-i-b-ß-ƒ i-cn-°v K-ln-°m-sX-bpw P-\-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ \n-e-hn-ep-≈ hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sS-bpw B-Nm-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ _m-ly-cq-]w am-Xw ]-cm-a-¿-in-®v hym-Jym-\n-°-epw hn-[n-I-fpw X-Xz-ß-fpw I-≠p-]n-Sn-°p-epw \-S-∂n-´p-≠v.C-Xv Xn-cn-®-dn-™-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p \-thm-∞m-\ \m-b-I-∑m-¿. A-h-¿-°ve-`n-°m-Ø H-cp ]p-Xn-b l-Zo-kv A-h-cp-sS ]n-≥-Km-an-I-ƒ-°m-¿-°pwe-`n-®n-ń-√. A-Zr-iy-kr-jv-Sn-I-sf-bpw A-Zr-iy-am-b \n-e-°v A-h a-\p-jy-¿-°v sN-øp-∂ tZm-j-ß-sf-bpw kw-_-‘n-®v ln-µp-°-fp-sS hn-izm-k-ß-fpw B-Nm-c-ß-fpw ]-e-cpw ap-kv-enw-I-fn-te-°v I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. hy-Xym-kw t]-cp-I-fn-¬ am-Xw.

l-Zo-kp-I-sf sX-‰m-bn hym-Jym-\n-®v Xu-lo-Zn-\v hn-cp-≤-am-b B-i-b-ß-fpw A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-cn-¬ Pm-K-X ]p-e-¿-tØ-≠-Xv A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. #


IØp-Iƒ

]T-\m¿lw, ]t£....AØu-loZv2011 \hw-_¿˛Un-kw-_¿ e°-Øns‚ I

h¿tÃmdn ]T-\m¿l-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xoh-hm-Z-Øn-s‚ c≠vssIh-gn-Iƒ hnh-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. aX-Øns‚ t]cn¬Xoh-hm-Zhpw oI-c-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-Øm≥ ian°p∂ Hcp \yq\m¬\yq\-]-£-Øns‚ ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ samØw aX-hn-izmknIƒ°v Zpjvt]cp-≠m-°p-∂p. Nne apkvenw \ma-[m-cn-Iƒ sNøp∂ Btem-N\mcln-X-amb Imcy-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ Ckvemw aXhpw apkvenw kap-Zm-bhpw]Xn-°q-ń¬ \n¿Ø-s∏-SpI km[m-c-W-am-Wv. F√m aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°n-Sbnepw CØcw H‰-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒD≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ sNbvX-htcm Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-htcm apkvenw t]cp≈hsc-¶n¬ "Ckveman-I o-Ic-X' F-∂v ]-d-™m-t£-]n-°p-∂ ]-h-W-Xbm-Wv s]m-Xp-sh aoUn-b kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu-sbm-cpk-ao-]-\-Øn-\v a-dp]-Sn \-¬Ip-I A-\n-hm-cy-amWv. Cu ZuXyw \n-¿-h-ln-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw A-Øu-loZv Du-∂nb-Xv Xo-h-hm-Z-Øn-s‚ a-s‰m-cp ssIh-gn-bn-emWv. AY-hm a-X-`-‡n-bp-sS t]-cn-¬ a-Xm-N-c-W-Øn-se Xo-h-\n-e-]mSpw ap-≥-K-W-\m-I-aw i-≤n-°m-sX A-\p-hm-Z-ß-ƒ A-\n-hm-cy-X-bp-sS ÿm-\w I-ev-]n-°p-∂ ]-h-W-Xbpw te-J-I-∑m-¿Xpd-∂v Im-ńb-Xv ]-T-\m-¿-l-ambn.

aX-`-‡n-bpsS thj-Øn¬ aX-Xo-h-hmZw F∂ FA_vZp- emw kp√-an-bpsS teJ\w "Aan-X-am-bm¬ `‡nbpw hnjw' F∂ hkvXpX hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂p. Izp¿-B\n-sebpw \_n-N-cy-bn-sebpw Iev]\m\ntcm-[--ßƒ, ]iv\-Øns‚ Kuc-hhpw kµ¿`-Øns‚ ]m[m-\yhpw a‰p kml-N-cy-ßfpw Dt]m-Zv_-eI sXfn-hp-Ifpw h®p-sIm-≠v, \nZm-\-imkvX]-fin-X-∑m¿ A©m-bn- Xn-cn-®n-´p-≠v. \n¿_‘w, \njn-≤w, sFOn-Iw, A\-`n-e-j-Wo-bw, A\p-h-Z-\obw F∂n-h-bm-W-Xv, (hm-Pn-_v, ldmw, apkvX-l-∫v, Idm-l-Øv, ap_m-lv). F∂m¬ aXm-N-c-W-Øn¬ AXn-cp-I-hn™ Nne Xoh-a-\-ÿn-Xn-°m¿ Chsb \n¿_-‘Ønepwldm-anepw HXp-°n-bXv teJ-I≥ tkmZm-l-cWw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®Xv \∂m-bn-´p-≠v. hkvXpXIƒ Xa-kvI-cn-®p-sImt≠m Adn-hn-√m-bva-sImt≠m Nne¿ kp∂-ØmbImcy-ß-fn¬ \n¿_‘ Imcy-ß-sf-t∏mse ISpw-]n-SpØw]nSn-°p-∂-Xp-aqew Ckvem-an-s\- sX-‰mbn a\- n-em-

°mt\ AXv ]cym-]vX-am-Iq. Cu hI Imcy-ßƒ hni-Z-ambn teJ-\-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.

F∂m¬ ]T-\m¿l-amb Cu hnjbw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂- ssienbnepw ]Z-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ coXnbnepwteJ-I\v kq£va-X-°p-dhv kw`-hn-®p-t]m-bn-´ps≠∂v ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v "IpØn Fgp-t∂-ev°¬' F∂ D]-io¿j-I-Øn¬(t]Pv 21) Cßs\ ImWmw: "\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ c≠m-asØ dIv-A-Øn-te°pw \mem-asØ dIv-A-Øn-te°pw a‰p kµ¿`-ß-fnepw Fgp-t∂-ev°p-tºmƒ `qan-bn¬ ssI hbv°p-hm≥ \n¿tZ-in-®XvZp¿_-e-amb lZo-kn¬t]mepw ImWp-hm≥ km[y-a√'.Cu ]cm-a¿i-Øn¬ A]m-I-X-bp-≠v. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬kpPq-Zn¬ \ns∂-gp-t∂-ev°p-tºmƒ XpS-ta¬ ssI Du∂nIm¬ap-´p-I-fn-embn Fgp-t∂¬°-W-sa∂v A_q-Zm-hqZv627epw Ccp-∂n´v Xd-bn¬ ssI Du∂n Fgp-t∂¬°-W-sa∂v _pJmcn 781epw D≤-cn® lZo-kp-I-fn¬ h∂n-´p-≠v.(D-≤-cWw lZokv kam-lmcw: \a-kvIm-cw). teJ--\-Øn¬GsX-¶nepw mKw hn´p-t]mbn A®-Sn-∏n-i-Ip-aqew hmIy-ß-fn¬ Ahy-‡X h∂-Xm-bn-cn-°m\pw km[y-X-bp-≠v.apjvSn-Np-cpń KpkvXn-]n-Sn-t°-≠-Xn√; ssI Xd-bntem XpS-bntem Du∂n Fgp t∂ ev°mw F∂ a[y-a\n-e-]m-SmWvicn-sb∂v tXm∂p-∂p.

AtX teJ-\-Øn¬ (t]Pv 17) "bmsXmcp kp∂ØpwRm≥ A\p-jvTn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v ]hm-N-Is‚ apJ-Øp-t\m°n ]d™ a\p-jy-s\-∏‰n \_n(-kz) ]Jym-]n-®Xv Ah≥ A]-Imcw sNbvXm¬ kz¿K-Øn-em-sW-∂mWv' F∂hmIyhpw Ahy-‡-am-Wv. kp∂-Øp-Iƒ A\p-jvTn-°mXn-cp-∂m¬ kz¿Kw Dd-∏m-sW∂ sX‰mb ktµ-i-amWv hmb-\-°m-c\v CXn¬\n∂v e`n-°p-I. amX-a-√, kp∂-Øp-IƒA\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv kz¿K-]-th-iw XSbp∂ Imcy-am-sW∂[z\n(-a^vlqw apJm-e-^)bpw B hmIy-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hkvXpX F¥mWv? Ckvem-an¬ Xm≥ \n¿_-‘-ambpw sNbvXn-cn-t°-≠- h√ Imcy-ß-fp-apt≠m F∂vX\n°v ]d-™p-Xcq ]h-Nm-Itc' F∂m-h-iy-s∏-´p-h∂Hcp km[m-c-W-°-c\v Ckvem-anse ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb\n¿_‘ I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ \_n(-kz) ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Xm≥ CXn¬ H∂pw Iq´p-Itbm Ipd-bv°p-I tbmsNøn√ F∂p]d™v Xncn-®p-t]mb a\p-jys‚ Bflm¿YX ap‰nb hm°p-Isf∏‰n-bmWv ]hm-N-I≥(-kz)"Abmƒ A]-Imcw sNbvXm¬ kz¿K-Øn-emsW'∂v ]d-™-Xv. \n¿_‘ A\p-jvTm-\-I¿a-ßƒ G‰-°p-d-®n¬ IqSmsX Bflm¿Y-ambn sNbvXm¬ kz¿K-]-th-i-Øn-\-Xp-a-Xn. F∂m¬ sF—n-I-amb [mcmfw I¿a-ß-fp-≠v. AhIqSn sNbvXp-sIm≠v [mcmfw ]pWyw t\Sp-Ibpw kz¿K-Øn¬ D∂-X-ÿm\w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-Ibpw sNømw. IqSmsXa\p-jy-k-l-P-ambn h∂p-t]m-tb-°m-hp∂ sX‰p-Iƒ°v Ah ]mb-›n-Ø-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂-XmWvhkvXp-X. CXv hnip≤ Izp¿-B-\nepw lZo-kp-I-f-nepw hyXykvX Xc-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®Xpw apkvenw temIØvX¿°-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Imcy-am-Wv.

sFOn-Itam A`n-e-j-Wo-btam Bb Imcy-ß-fn¬ISpw-]n-Sp-Øhpw GsX-¶nepw kp∂-Ømb Imcyw sNøm-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬ AXp sNøm-Ø-hs\ A[¿a-Im-cn-bmbn NnXo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Xoh-hmZ kao-]\w Ckvem-anIambn icn-bs√∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv teJ-I≥sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. AXv hmb-\-°m¿°v AXym-h-iyambImcy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ]d-bp∂ hmIy-ß-fnse Ahy‡Xhmb-\-°m-c-n¬ s\K-‰ohv ew Df-hm-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ i≤n-°-W-sa∂v DW¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ Akmw-K-Xy-an-s√∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. Bg-Øn¬ hnj-b-ßƒ ]Tn-°m≥ XXv]-c-cmb \nc-h[n hmb-\-°m¿ AØu-lo-Zn-\ps≠∂Xv ]tXyIw i≤m¿l-am-Wv. AØu-lo-Zn\pw AXn¬ Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ BZ-c-Wob ]fin-X-∑m¿°pw A`n-\-µ-\-ßƒ

A_vZp- -emw, DK-]pcw


Ih¿tÃmdn

am-\-h-k-aq-l-Øn-\v k-jvSm-hm-b A-√m-lp A-h-X-cn-∏n-® a-X-am-WvC-kvv-emw. H-∂m-a-sØ a-\p-jy-≥ ap-X-¬ A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ am-¿-K-\n-¿-tZ-i-ß--ƒ A-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv Po-hn-®p-t]m-∂-Xv. Im-ew sN-√p-t¥m-dpw X-e-ap-d-I--ƒ am-dn-am-dn h-∂-t∏m-ƒ A-h-cn-tes°√mw A-√m-lp Zq-X-∑m-sc \n-tbm-Kn-®p, th-Z-K-Ÿw \-¬-In. A-sX √mw C-kvv-emw X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.A-¥n-a-]-hm-N-I-≥ ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n(kz) --bp-sS \n-tbm-K-tØm-sS ]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-\v k-am-]-Xn Ip-dn-®p.B ]-hm-N-I-≥ ap-tJ-\ A-h-X-cn-∏n-® K-Ÿ-am-Wv hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥.Cu K-Ÿw A-¥na K-Ÿ-a-tX. ap--≥-Im-e th-Z-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn Izp-¿-B-≥ tem-Im-h-km-\w h-sc \n-e-\n-¿-Øp-sa-∂v A-√m-lp hm-Kv -Zm-\w sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.""Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw \m-am-Wv B D-Zv-t_m-[-\w A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw\mw A-Xn-s\ Im-Øp-kq-£n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.'' (15:9)

C-\n-bp-≈ a-\p-jy-cp-sS h-gn-Im-ń-bpw Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ ]-am-W tc-J-bpw Cu K-Ÿ-am-Wv. Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw Cu-Izp-¿-B-≥ G-‰-hpw i-cn-bm-b-Xn-te-°v h-gn Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw k-Xv-I-¿-a-ß-ƒ ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-∂ k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-ƒ-°v h-en-b]-Xn-^-e-ap-≠v F-∂ kp-hn-ti-j-a-dn-bn-°p-I-bpwsN-øp-∂p(17:19,20). a-\p-jy-sc, A-h-cp-sS c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚ A-\p-a-Xn-]-Im-cw, C-cp-´p-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v sh-fn-®-Øn-te-°v sIm-≠p-h-cp-hm-≥-th-≠n \n-\-°v A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p X-∂n-´p-≈ K-Ÿ-am-Wn-Xv. (14:11). Np-cp-°-Øn-¬ hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ tem-I-cp-sS h-gn-Im-ń-bpw ]-am-W-tc-J-bp-am-Wv.

hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ F-∂ ]-am-W-tc-J ]-hm-N-I-∂v A-√m-lp F-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXv N-cn-X-Øn-¬ Xp-ey-X-bn-√m-Ø H-cp ]-tXy-I co-Xn-bn-em-Wv.C-cp-]-Øn-aq-∂v h-¿-jw-sIm-≠m-Wv A-Xn-s‚ A-h-X-c-Ww ]q-¿-Øn-bm-b-Xv. F-gp-Xn ]q-¿-Øn-bm-°m-≥Zo-¿-L-Im-e-sa-Sp-Ø \n-c-h-[n K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ tem-I-N-cn-X-Øn-¬ F-√m m-j-I-fn-ep-ap-≠m-hpw. F-∂m-¬hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ k-aq-l-Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ k-hn-ti-j-am-b k-µ-¿-`-ß-ƒ-°-\p-k-cn-®v Ip-td-s» A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw A-h-Xo-¿-W-am-b-Xv ]-hm-N-I-≥ P-\-ß-sf ]-Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw ]-Tn-®-Xv B k-aq-lw Po-hn-X-Øn-¬ ]-I-¿-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h-

kn A_vZp¬P-∫m¿

\_n-NcyCkvem-anI ]amWw

hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ k-aq-l-Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ k-hn-ti-j-am-b k-µ-¿-`-ß-ƒ-°-\p-k-cn-®v Ip-td-s» A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw A-h-Xo-¿-W-am-b-Xv ]-hm-N-I-≥ P-\-ß-sf ]-Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw ]-Tn-®-Xv B k-aq-lw Po-hn-X-Øn-¬ ]-I-¿-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h-gn-Im-ń-bm-b Cu K-Ÿw A-h-X-c-Ww ]q-¿-Øn-bm-Ip-tºm-tg-°v H-cp am-Xr-Im k-aq-lw ]-hm-N-I-s‚ Iq-sS cq-]-s∏-´p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. C-ß-s\ H-cp hn-π-hw N-cn-X-Øn-¬ th-sd-bn-√.


gn-Im-ń-bm-b Cu K-Ÿw A-h-X-c-Ww ]q-¿-Øn-bm-Ip-tºm-tg-°v H-cp am-Xr-Im k-aq-lw ]-hm-N-I-s‚Iq-sS cq-]-s∏-´p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. C-ß-s\ H-cp hn-π-hw N-cn-X-Øn-¬ th-sd-bn-√.

]-hm-N-I-≥ X-\n-°v A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´ K-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ Po-hn-°p-∂ ]-Xn-∏m-bn k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ ap-∂n-¬ F-gp-t∂-‰p-\n-∂p. B Po-hn-Xw ]-I-¿-Øn H-cp P-\-X-Xn D-b-¿-∂p-h-∂p. A-Xm-b-Xv X-s‚ \n-tbm-Kw ap-X-¬ hn-tbm-Kw h-sc ]-hm-N-I-≥ Izp-¿-B-≥ Hm-Xn-s°m-≠v ]-d-™pw Im-Wn-®pw \n-¿-tZ in--®pw hn-e-°n-bpw k-aq-l-sØ h-gn-Im-Wn-®p. ]-hm-N-I-\v A-√m-lp \-¬-In-b K-Ÿw k-aq-l-Øn-\p-≈ H-∂mw ]-am-W-hpw B ]-hm-N-I-s‚ Po-hn-XwA-h-¿-°v c-≠mw ]-am-W-hp-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≠p. ]-hm-N-I-≥(-kz) hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®-XvX-∂n-jv-S-]-Im-c-a-√. Zn-hy-t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿ-B-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. ""A-t±-lw X-∂n-jv-S-]-Im-cwkw-km-cn-°p-∂n-√. A-Xv A-t±-l-Øn-\v Zn-hy-k-tµ-i-am-bn \-ev-I-s∏-Sp-∂ D-Zv-t_m-[-\w am-X-am-Ip-∂p''(53:3,4)

]-hm-N-I-s‚ Zu-Xy-\n-¿-h-l-Ww Izp-¿-B-≥ X-s∂ hn-h-cn-°p-∂p. \-Ωp-sS Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-ƒ(-h-N-\-ß-ƒ) \n-ß-ƒ-°v Hm-Xn-t°-ƒ-]n-®p-X-cn-I-bpw \n-ß-sf kw-kv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw \n-ß-ƒ-°v th-Z-hpw ⁄m-\-hpw ]-Tn-∏n-®p-X-cn-I-bpw \n-ß-ƒ-°v A-dn-hn-√m-Ø-Xv ]-Tn-∏n-®p-X-cn-I-bpw sN-øp-∂, \n-ß-fp-sS Iq-´-Øn-¬ \n-∂p-X-s∂-bp-f-f H-cp Zq-X-s\ \n-ß-fn-te-°v \mw \n-tbm-Kn-®p'' (2:151). A-td-_y-≥ k-aq-l-sØ ]-hm-N-I-≥ kw-kv-I-cn-®-Xv Izp-¿-B-≥ hn-h-cn-°p-∂p. "A-£-c-⁄m-\-an-√m-Ø-h-¿-°n-S-bn-¬ \n-∂v X-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-ƒ A-h-¿-°v hm-bn-®p-tI-ƒ-∏n-°p-I-bpw A-h-sc kw-kv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw A-h-¿-°vth-Z-K-Ÿ-hpw ⁄m-\-hpw ]-Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-øm-

≥ A-h-cn-¬-\n-∂p-X-s∂-bp-≈ H-cp Zq-X-s\ \n-tbm-Kn-®-h-\m-Ip-∂p A-h-≥. Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw A-h-¿ ap-ºvhy-‡-am-b h-gn-tI-Sn-em-bn-cp-∂p (62:2). th-Z-K-Ÿw]-Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v ]-hm-N-I-≥ k-aq-l-sØ t\-¿-h-gn-°v \-bn-°p-I-bpw kw-kv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ""hy-‡-am-b sX-fn-hp-I-fpw th-Z-K-Ÿ-ß-fp-am-bn(-A-h-sc \mw \n-tbm-Kn-®p). \n-\-°v \mwD-Zv-t_m-[-\w A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-X-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. P-\-ß-ƒ-°m-bn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv \o A-h-¿-°v hn-h-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-≥ th-≠n-bpw A-h-¿ Nn-¥n-°m-≥th-≠n-bpw (16:44). Zq-X-s\ B-¿ A-\p-k-cn-®p-thmA-h-≥ A-√m-lp-hn-s\ A-\p-k-cn-®p (4:80).

ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n-bp-sS Zu-Xyw a-‰p ]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn-¬ \n-∂v n-∂-am-bn, Im-em-Xn-h-¿-Øn-bm-bn \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂p. ]-t_m-[n-X k-aq-l-Øn-\p am-X-a-√,]n-ev-°m-e-°m-¿-°pw A-t±-lw X-s∂-bm-Wv ]-hm-N-I-\pw h-gn-Im-ń-bpw. ""tem-I-¿-°v Im-cp-Wy-am-bn-´-√m-sX \n-s∂ \mw A-b-®n-ń-√'' (21:107) ""\n-s∂\mw a-\p-jy-¿-°m-I-am-\w kp-hn-ti-j-I-\pw Xm-°o-Xp-Im-c\p-am-bn-´m-Wv \n-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv (34:28).A-t±-lw A-¥n-a Zq-X-\m-Wv -F-∂pw A-√m-lp A-k-∂n-Kv-[-am-bn ]-Jym-]n-°p-∂p (33:40)

C-X-bpw kq-Nn-∏n-®-Xn-¬ \n-∂v hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ ssZ-hn-I-K-Ÿ-sa-∂ \n-e-bn-¬ ]-am-W-am-°p-tºm-ƒ X-s∂ A-Xn-s‚ ssZ-hn-I hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-am-b ]-hm-N-I-N-cy-bpw Po-hn-X-]-am-W-am-°p-I F-∂-Xv hn-izm-kn-I-ƒ-°v \n-¿-_-‘-am-sW-∂v a-\- n-em-bn. Cu ]-hm-N-IN-cy-bm-Wv kp-∂-Øv F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]-hm-N-I-≥ X-s‚ Zu-Xy-]q-¿-Øo-I-c-W-tØm-sS, X-s‚ hn-tbm-K-Øn-\p ap-≥-]m-bn C-°m-cyw A-¿-Y-i-¶-bv-°n-S-an-√m-Ø hn-[w hn-h-cn-®p."Rm-≥ \n-ß-fn-¬ c-≠v Im-cy-ß-ƒ A-h-ti-jn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv hn-S-hm-ßp-∂-Xv. A-h c-≠pw ap-dp-sI ]n-Sn-°p-∂-]-£w \n-ß-ƒ ]n-g-®p-t]m-hp-I-bn-√. A-Y-hm A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ K-Ÿ-hpw Fs‚ N-cy-bpw (_p-Jm-cn). kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS Po-hn-X-Im-e-Øp-X-s∂ C-Xv ]-tbm-Kn-®p. ap-B-Zn(-d)s\ ]-hm-N-I-≥ b-a-\n-te-°v ]-t_m-[-\ Zu-Xy-hp-am-bn A-b-bv-°p-tºm-ƒ \-_n B-cm-™p. \o F-ß-s\-bm-Wv P-\-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ hn-[n I-ev-]n-°p-I? ap-B-Zv:A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ K-Ÿ-a-\p-k-cn-®v. \-_n: A-Xn-¬ I-≠n-s√-¶n-tem? ap-B-Zv: A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Zq-X-s‚ N-cy-b-\p-k-cn-®v. \-_n: A-Xn-epw I-≠n-s√-¶n-tem?ap-B-Zv: Rm-s\-s‚ _p-≤n-sIm-≠v K-th-j-Ww \-S-Øpw. ap-B-Zn-s‚ ]-Xn-I-c-Ww ]-hm-N-I-≥ k-¿-hm-Xv-a-\m Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.

A-t∏m-ƒ kp-∂-Øv A-Y-hm \-_n-N-cy a-\p-jy-h-¿-K-Øn-\v c-≠m-a-sØ ]-am-W-am-sW-∂ Im-cy-Øn-¬ Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ ]n-¥p-W-bpw \-_n-bp-sS hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw kz-lm-_-Øn-s‚ C-Pv-am-Dw D-s≠-∂-¿-Yw.

F-∂m-¬ Izp-¿-B-≥ A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ ]-tXy-IIm-h-en-¬ \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS Im-e-Øv X-s∂ tIm-

]-hm-N-I-≥ X-\n-°v A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´ K-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ Po-hn-°p-∂ ]-Xn-∏m-bn k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ ap-∂n-¬ F-gp-t∂-‰p-\n-∂p. B Po-hn-Xw ]-I-¿-ØnH-cp P-\-X-Xn D-b-¿-∂p-h-∂p. A-Xm-b-Xv X-s‚ \n-tbm-Kw ap-X-¬ hn-tbm-Kw h-sc ]-hm-N-I-≥ Izp-¿-B-≥ Hm-Xn-s°m-≠v ]-d-™pw Im-Wn-®pw \n-¿-tZ in--®pw hn-e-°n-bpw k-aq-l-sØh-gn-Im-Wn-®p. ]-hm-N-I-\v A-√m-lp\-¬-In-b K-Ÿw k-aq-l-Øn-\p-≈ H-∂mw ]-am-W-hpw B ]-hm-N-I-s‚Po-hn-Xw A-h-¿-°v c-≠mw ]-am-W-hp-am-bn \n-e-sIm-≠p.


Uo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. \-_n-N-cy-bmIs´ en-Jn-X-am-bn ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv ]-hm-N-I \n-tbm-K-Øn-\p-ti-j-am-Wv. ]-hm-N-I-\n-¬ \n-∂v t\-cn-´v C-kv-emw ]-Tn-® X-e-ap-d A-kv-X-an-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-t∏m-ƒ ]n-ev-°m-e-°m-¿-°v \-_n-N-cy \-jv-S-s∏-Sp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\m-bn A-h k-am-l-cn-®v F-gp-Xn kq-£n-°m-≥ a-lm-c-Y-∑m-cm-b ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ i-an-®p. ]-e-cp-sS-bpwB-bp-jv-°m-ew ap-gp-h-≥ sN-e-h-gn-®v N-cn-X-Øn-¬Xp-ey-X-bn-√m-Ø-hn-[w A-[zm-\n-®v \-_n-N-cy K-Ÿ-ß-fn-¬ tIm-Uo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. C-∂v \-Ωp-sS ap-∂n-¬ l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ \-_n-N-cym k-am-lm-c-ß-ƒ e-`y-am-Wv. ]-hm-N-I-s‚ Im-e-Øn-\p-ti-jw c-≠v \q-‰m-≠p-I-gn-™m-Wv l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ti-J-cn-®-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ Hm-tcm l-Zo-kpw \-_n(-kz)-bn-¬ \n-∂v G-Xv ]-c-º-c-bn-eq-sS(-k-\-Zv) h-∂p F-∂v kq-£v-a-am-bn I-s≠-Øm-≥ ap-l-±n-kp-I-ƒ(-l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-¿) A-\p-jv-Tn-®Xym-Kw hn-h-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv. F-¶n-epw N-cn-X-\n-tbm-Kw t]m-se A-Xv \-S-∂p. B l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-fm-Wv C-∂v \mw ]-hm-N-I-N-cy a-\- n-em-°m-≥A-h-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xv.

l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ]n-∂o-Sv tIm-Uo-I-cn-®-Xm-b-Xn-\m-¬ A-h-bn-¬ ]-hm-N-I-≥ ]-d-™-Xm-Wv F-∂v Xo-¿-Øp-]-d-bm-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-h I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°m-≥km-[y-X-bp-≠v. F-∂m-¬ a-\p-jy I-gn-hn-s‚ ]-c-am-h-[n hn-\n-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠v l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ Ip-‰-a-‰-Xm-°m-≥ I-Tn-\-i-aw \-S-∂n-´p-≠v. l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\-im-kv-Xw F-∂ H-cp hn-⁄m-\-im-J-X-s∂ D-S-se-Sp-Øp. ]-e Xm-ev-]-cy-°m-cpw X-ß-fp-sS Cw-Kn-X-ß-ƒ \-_n-]-d-™p F-∂ te-_-en-¬ C-kv-em-an-¬ A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ ]-h-W-X ]n-¬-°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn-Øo-¿-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ l-Zo-kv ]-d-™B-fp-sS N-cn-X-hpw ]-›m-Ø-e-hpw ]q-¿-W-am-bn ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-bm-Wv A-h tIm-Uo-I-cn-®-Xv. A-t∏m-ƒ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-°v c-≠v m-K-ß-ƒ Im-Wmw. H-∂v \-_n-N-cy hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂ hm-Iy-ß-ƒ A-Y-hm a-Xv-\v F-∂v C-X-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. c-≠v. B h-kv-Xp-X tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ K-Ÿ-Im-c-\n-te-°v (D-Zm_p-Jm-cn) F-Øn-t®-cp-∂ am-¿-Kw A-Y-hm k-\-Zv.Ip-‰-a-‰ a-Xv-\pw k-\-Zpw D-≈ l-Zo-kp-I-fm-Wv kz-lo-lv F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ am-X-ta ]-am-W-am-Ip. ]m-_-ey-Øn-¬ G‰-°p-dhp≈ l-Zo-kp-I-sf ap-≥-Im-e ap-^- n-dp-I-ƒ hn-hn-[-bn-\-ß-fm-bn th-¿-Xn-cn-®p tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]-_-e-a-√m-Ø-h s]m-Xp-hn-¬ Zp-¿-_-ew A-Y-hm Z-Cu-^v F-∂ t]-cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu C-\-ß-ƒ hn-i-Z-am-bn a-s‰m-cp te-J-\-Øn-¬ ]-Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.

\-_n-N-cy A-Y-hm l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS h-kv-Xp-X ta-¬-]-d-™-Xm-Wv. F-∂m-¬ ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-Øn-¬\-_n-N-cy kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-¬ hy-Xy-kv-X \n-e-]m-Sp-I-ƒ Im-Wm-≥ km-[n-°pw. X-ß-fp-sS hn-izm-km-Nm-cm-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-ƒ-°v Izp-¿-B-\n-¬ \n-∂pw kp-

∂-Øn-¬ \n-∂pw A-Sn-ÿm-\w I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p]-I-cw Nn-e ]-fin-X-∑m-sc A-‘-am-bn A-\p-I-cn-°p-∂ X-Izv-eo-Zv B-Wv A-Xn-¬ H-cp \n-e-]m-Sv. Izp-¿-B-\pw kp-∂-Øpw R-ß-ƒ°v a-\- n-em-hn-√; A-Xv a-\- n-em-°n-b-h-sc X-Izv-eo-Zv sN-øp-I-bm-Wv R-ß-ƒ F-∂m-W-h-cp-sS hm-Zw. A-_q-l-\o-^, am-en-Ip-_v-\p A-\-kv, im-^n-Cu, A-lv-a-Zp-_v-\p l-≥-_-¬ Xp-S-ßn-b G-Xm-\pw ]-fin-X-h-cy-cp-sS t]-cn-¬ a-Zv-l-_v B-tcm-]n-°p-I-bpw B a-Zv-l-_p-I-ƒ A-Y-hm A-h-cp-sS N-cy-I-fpw A-`n-]m-b-ß-fpw]n-≥-Xp-S-cp-I-bpw \-_n-N-cy ssI-sbm-gn-°p-I-bpwsN-bv-X A-Xy-¥w Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]-h-W-X k-aq-l-Øn-¬ \n-e-\n-∂p. S-hool of thoughts F-∂ t]-cn-¬Cu hn-`m-K-ß-ƒ A-dn-s∏-´p.

hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ am-X-am-Wv ssZ-hn-I-sa-∂pwkp-∂-Øv ]n-ev-°m-e-Øv tIm-Uo-I-cn-°-s∏-´ hym-P-\n-¿-an-X-ß-fm-sW-∂pw A-Xn-\m-¬ Izp-¿-B-≥ am-X-ta ]-am-W-am-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°q F-∂pw ]-d-bp-∂ H-cp \yq-\-]-£w ap-kv-enw-I-fn-¬ X-s∂-bp-≠v.]m_eyhpw Zu-¿-_-ey-hpw ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-sX l-Zo-sk-∂v Im-Wp-∂-Xn-s\-sb-√mw hm-cn-∏p-W-cp-∂]-h-W-X-bpw Nn-e-t∏m-ƒ I-≠p-h-cp-∂p. hn-ip-≤Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-°m-ƒ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-°v ]m-[m-\yw \-¬-Ip-I-bpw l-Zo-kn-s‚ B-i-b-ß-fn-te-°n-d-ßm-sX A-£-c-]q-P-I-cm-b Nn-e Xo-h-\n-e-]m-Sp-Im-cpwD-≠v. C-h-bv-s°-√m-‰n-\pw a-t[y A-lv-ep- p-∂ h-¬-P-am-A kzo-I-cn-® b-Ym-¿Y \n-e-]m-Sv F-s¥-∂vI-s≠-Øp-I-bpw Po-hn-Xw ]-c-am-h-[n Izp-¿-B\n-\pw\-_n-N-cy-bv°pw A-\p-Kp-W-am-°n-Øo-¿-°p-I-bpwsN-øp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v I-c-Wo-bw.C-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv b-Ym-¿-Y k-e-^o am-¿-K-hpw.

A-√m-lp-th, \o R-ß-sf In-Xm-_pw kp-∂-Øpw A-\p-k-cn-®v Po-hn-°m-\pw hn-izm-k-tØm-Spw]-›m-Øm-]-tØm-Spw Iq-Sn Po-hn-Xw A-h-km-\n-∏n-°m-\pw A-\p-K-ln-t°-W-ta. #

l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-°v c-≠v `m-K-ß-ƒIm-Wmw. H-∂v \-_n-N-cy hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂ hm-Iy-ß-ƒ A-Y-hma-Xv-\v F-∂v C-X-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. c-≠v. B h-kv-Xp-X tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ K-Ÿ-Im-c-\n-te-°v (D-Zm _p-Jm-cn) F-Øn-t®-cp-∂ am-¿-Kw A-Y-hm k-\-Zv. Ip-‰-a-‰ a-Xv-\pw k-\-Zpw D-≈ l-Zo-kp-I-fm-Wv kz-lo-lv F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ am-X-ta ]-am-W-am-Ip.


Ih¿tÃmdn

C-kv-em-an-Im-Z-¿-i-Øn-s‚ au-en-I ]-am-W-ß-fm-b Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-bpw ]-hm-N-I-N-cy-sb-bpw \n-cm-I-cn°m\pw A-h-bv-s°-Xn-sc Zp-cm-tcm-]-W-ß-ƒ D-∂-bn-°m-\pw C-kv-em-an-s‚ F-Xn-cm-fn-I-ƒ F-√m-Im-e-ØpwXo-h-b-Xv-\w \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]-cn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-°p-dn-®v I-hn-X-sb-∂pw B-`n-Nm-c-sa-∂pw tPym-’y-sa-∂pw A-h-¿ B-tcm-]n-®n-cp-∂p. Izp-¿-B-≥ ss_-_n-fn-¬-\n-∂v tam-jv-Sn-s®-Sp-Ø-Xm-sW-∂pw X-s‚ bm-X-I-fn- ¬ X-\n-°v e-`y-am-b A-dn-hp-I-sf

B-[m-c-am-°n m-h-\m-k-º-∂-\m-b ap-l-Ω-Zv kz-bwc-Nn-®-Xm-sW-∂pw a-‰pw C-∂pw B-tcm-]n-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v.

Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-°m-fpw F-Xn-cm-fn-I-ƒ hn-a-¿-i-ß-fpw B-tcm-]-W-ß-fpw F-bv-Xp-hn-´-Xv l-Zo-kn-\pt\-sc-bm-Wv. Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw X-Z-\p-km-cw Po-hn-® ]-hm-N-I-s‚ N-cy-bp-am-W-t√ml-Zo-kv. A-Xn-s\ \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-bpw A-Xn-s‚ kzm-[o-\-sØ-bpw C-√m-Xm-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂v i-Xp-°-ƒ a-\- n-em-°n. C-kv-em-an-I i-co-A-Øn-se \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS-bpw B-Nm-cm-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw kz-`m-h kw-kv-Im-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-aq-ey tkm-X- m-Wv \-_n-N-cy. A-Xn-s‚

Fw sF apl-Ω-Zen kp√an

lZokv \ntj[ ]h-W-X-Iƒ

Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-°m-fpw F-Xn-cm-fn-I-ƒ hn-a-¿-i-ß-fpw B-tcm-]-W-ß-fpw F-bv-Xp-hn- -Xv l-Zo-kn-\p t\-sc-bm-Wv. Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw X-Z-\p-km-cw Po-hn-® ]-hm-N-I-s‚ N-cy-bp-am-W-t√m l-Zo-kv. A-Xn-s\ \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-bpw A-Xn-s‚ kzm-[o-\-sØ-bpw C-√m-Xm-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂v i-Xp-°-ƒ a-\- n-em-°n.


hn-e-bn-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS C-kv-em-an-I-Z-¿-i-\-ß-fn-¬\n-∂pw kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-¬ \n-∂pw ap-kv-enw-I-sf Ip-Sn-bn-d-°m-sa-∂v C-kv-em-an-s‚ ssh-cn-I-ƒ I-W-°p-Iq-ń. A-ß-s\ ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an-¬ \n-∂-I-‰m-sa-∂pw X-ß-ƒ B-K-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂]-X-\-Øn-te-°v A-h-sc X-≈n-hn-Sm-sa-∂pw Pq-X-cpw t]-¿-jym-\p-`m-hw sh-®p-]p-e-¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂-h-cpwH-cp-t]m-se B-K-ln-®p.

]-hm-N-I-t\m-Sv A-\-ev-]-am-b kv-t\-l-hpw B-Z-c-hpw sh-®p-]p-e-¿-Øp-∂ ap-kv-enw-k-ap-Zm-b-sØl-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-Øn-te-°v \-bn-°-¬ Zp-jv-I-c-am-sW-∂v i-Xp-°-ƒ-°v A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. l-Zo-kn-s\ ]-Xy-£-Øn-¬ \n-cm-I-cn-°m-sX X-s∂ l-Zo-kn-¬-\n-∂v k-ap-Zm-b-sØ A-I-‰m-\-h-¿ X-¥-ß-ƒ]-tbm-Kn-®p. Nn-e ap-kv-enw th-j-[m-cn-I-sf-Ø-s∂A-Xn-\p-th-≠n l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-ƒ \n-tbm-Kn-®p.l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-I-sc-°p-dn-®v A-]-hm-Z-ß-ƒ ]-N-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v P-\-a-\- p-I-fn-¬ l-Zo-kn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ a-Xn-∏v C-√m-Xm-°m-≥ A-h-¿ ]-cn-i-an-®p. A-]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-b \n-_-‘-\-I-ƒ sh-®p-sIm-≠v l-Zo-kp-I-sf C-√m-Xm-°m-≥ Nn-e-¿ ]-cn-i-an-®p. A-h-ew-_-\o-b-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-sfm-∂p-an-s√-∂ H-cp[m-c-W ap-kv-enw-k-aq-l-Øn-¬ h-f-¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\pw A-h-¿ In-W-™p-i-an-®p. ]-ap-J kz-lm-_nI-fp-sS hn-izm-ky-X tNm-Zyw-sN-øp-∂-Xn-eq-sS l-ZokpI-sf-bpw Izp-¿-B-\n-s\-Ø-s∂-bpw X-≈n-°-f-bm-sa-∂-h-¿ I-W-°p-Iq-ń. Cu hn-`m-K-ß-sf-°pdn-s®m-cp hn-l-K-ho-£-Ww k-µ-¿-t`m-Nn-X-am-bn-cn°pw.

io-A-I-fpw l-Zo-kv \n-cm-I-c-W-hpwC-kv-em-an-I N-cn-X-Øn-se Zp-c-¥-]q-¿-W-am-b

A-[ym-b-ß-ƒ kr-jv-Sn-®-Xn-¬ G-‰-hpw-Iq-Sp-X-¬ m-K-`m-°p-I-fm-b hn-`m-K-am-Wv io-A-I-ƒ. ap-kv-enw k-ap-Zm-b-a-t[y C-kv-em-an-\p hn-cp-≤-am-b A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw ]-N-cn-∏n-®-Xn-epw io-

A-I-ƒ ap-Jy-]-¶p-h-ln-®n-´p-≠v.C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sv ]-I-Xo-¿-°m-\p-≈ Pq-X-˛-t]-¿-

jy-≥ Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bp-sS k-¥-Xn-bm-b io-B-C-k-Øn-\v _o-Pm-hm-]w \-S-Øn-b-Xv A-_v-Zp-√m-ln-_v-\p k-_-Av F-∂ Pq-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. _m-ly-am-bn am-Xw C-kv-emw kzo-I-cn-® A-bm-ƒ H-´pw Xm-a-kn-bm-sX X-s‚ Kq-V-]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ B-cw- n-®p.C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-S-Øn-s‚ -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂ D-kv-am-\n(d)s\-°p-dn-®v A-]-hm-Z-ß-ƒ ]-N-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p A-bm-ƒ X-s‚ Zp-jv-S-em-°p-I-ƒ-°v Xp-S-°-an-´-Xv. ap-kv-enw P-\-km-am-\y-sØ]-tXy-In-®v ]p-cm-X-\ t]-¿-jy-≥ km-am-Py ]-hn-iy-I-fn-se P-\-ß-sf B-I-¿-jn-°m-≥ th-≠n A-en-øn-s‚(-d) A-]-Zm-\-ß-ƒ hm-gv-Øm-\pw A-bm-ƒa-d-∂p-t]m-bn-√.

X-\n-°p-ti-jw A-en-sb(-d) -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-°-W-sa-∂v \-_n-(kz) h-kzn-ø-Øv sN-bv-Xn-´p-s≠-∂pw A-Xn-s\ A-h-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv A-_q-_-Iv-dpw D-a-dpw D-kv-am-\pw(-d) -c-Ww ssI-bm-fn-b-sX-∂pw A-bm-ƒ B-tcm-]n-®p. D-kv-am-\n-s‚(-d) -c-W-sØ-bpw cm-jv-So-b \o-°-ß-sf-bpw am-X-a-√ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ B-cm-[-\-I-sf-bpw kz-`m-h a-ln-a-I-sf-bpw Xm-d-Sn-°m-\pw A-_v-Zp-√m-ln-_v-\p k-_-Dw A-bm-fp-sS A-\p-N-c-∑m-cpw a-Sn-Im-Wn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Xm-a-kn-bm-sX A-h-¿ a-Zo-\-bn-¬ kw-L-Sn-®p.D--kv-am-s‚(-d) ho-Sv D-]-tcm-[n-®p. Izp-¿-B-≥ ]m-cmb-Ww sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ J-eo-^-sb H-cp cm-Xn-bn-¬ B-I-an-°p-I-bpw h-[n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

D-kv-am-≥(-d) h-[n-°-s∏-´ ti-jw A-en-øm-Wv(d)-C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-S-Øn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-ta-s‰-Sp-Ø-Xv.C-Xn-\n-S-bn-¬ D-kv-am-s‚(-d) Lm-X-I-¿-s°-Xn-cn-¬]-Xn-In-b \-S-Ø-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v B-C-i, kp-ss_-¿, Xz-¬-l(-d) F-∂n-h-cp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-¬ H-cp kw-Lw ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ A-en-sb(-d)k--ao-]n-®p.

D-kv-am-\n(-d)s‚ Lm-X-I-¿-s°-Xn-cn-¬ s]-s´-∂v\-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xv ]-iv-\w cq-£-am-Im-≥ Im-c-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂v I-cp-Xn A-en(-d) A-Xn-\p hn-k-Ω-Xn-®p. ]-Xn-In-b B-h-iy-s∏-´v B-C-i(-d)bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-¬ kw-L-Sn-®-h-cpw A-en(-d)-bp-sSssk-\y-hpw G-‰p-ap-ń. C-Xm-Wv P-a-¬ bp-≤-sa-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ X-Ωn-ep-≈ kw-L-´-\-ß-ƒ-°v \m-µn-Ip-dn-® P-a-¬ kw-L-´-\-Øn-¬ kp-ss_-¿, Xz-¬-l D-ƒ-s∏-sS [m-cm-fw t]-¿ J-Uv-K-ß-ƒ-°n-c-bm-bn. D-kv-am-s‚(d) h-[-hpw P-a-¬ bp-≤-hpw kn-dn-b-bn-se A-ao-dm-bn-cp-∂ ap-B-hn-b-sb-bpw kn-dn-b-°m-sc-bpw ]-tIm-]n-X-cm-°n. kw-`-h-ß-fp-sS ]n-∂n-¬ A-en-(d)bm-sW-∂v [-cn-°p-I-bpwA-h-¿ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-sØ X-≈n-∏-d-bp-I-bpw A-t±-l-hp-am-bn kzn-ô-\n-¬ G-‰p-ap-´p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

J-hm-cn-Pp-I-ƒ A-en-sb(-d) sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. A-en-bp-sS ]n-≥-Km-an-bm-bn A-h-tcm-[n-X-\m-b ]p-X-

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C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-X-Øn-se Zp-c-¥-]q-¿-W-am-b A-[ym-b-ß-ƒkr-jv-Sn-®-Xn-¬ G-‰-hpw-Iq-Sp-X-¬ m-K-`m-°p-I-fm-b hn-`m-K-am-Wv io-A-I-ƒ. ap-kv-enw k-ap-Zm-b-a-t[y C-kv-em-an-\p hn-cp-≤-am-b A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw ]-N-cn-∏n-®-Xn-epw io-A-I-ƒ ap-Jy-]-¶p-h-ln-®n-´p-≠v.


≥ l-k-≥(-d) kw-L-´-\-sØ sh-dp-°p-∂-h-\pw ap-kv-enw sF-Iy-Øn-s‚ h-‡m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-lw ap-B-hn-b-bp-am-bn c-Rv-Pn-∏n-em-hp-I-bpw ap-B-hn-b-°v A-\p-k-c-W ]-Xn-⁄ \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

ap-B-hn-b-bp-sS(-d) hn-tbm-K-ti-jw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ a-I-≥ b-ko-Zv In-co-S-[m-cn-bm-bn. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ sN-bv-Xn-I-tfm-Sp-≈ ]-Xn-tj-[w Im-c-Ww A-en-øn-s‚(-d) a-s‰m-cp a-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ lp-ssk-≥(-d)b-ko-Zn-s\-Xn-sc hn-π-hm-lzm-\w \-S-Øn. I-¿-_-e-bn-¬ sh-®p-\-S-∂ kw-L-´-\-Øn-¬ lp-ssk-\pw(d)Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fpw Iq-c-am-bn h-[n-°-s∏-´p.

C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-X-Øn-se G-‰-hpw Zm-cp-W-am-b kw-`-h-ß-fn-sem-∂m-bn-cp-∂p I-¿-_-e-bn-¬ A-c-tß-dn-b-Xv. hm-¿-Ø-tI-´ ap-kv-enw lr-Z-b-ß-sf-√mw h-Wn-X-ß-fm-bn. b-ko-Zn-t\m-Sp-≈ sh-dp-∏pwhn-tZz-j-hpw Pz-en-°m-\n-Xv C-S-bm-°n. lp-ssks‚(d)- c-‡-Øn-\v A-a-hn-I-tfm-Sv ]-I-cw tNm-Zn-°m-\pw H-t´-sd hn-π-h-Im-cn-I-ƒ cw-K-Øp-h-∂p. ^-e-tam [m-cm-fw ap-kv-enw-c-‡w Nn-¥-s∏-´p.

A-a-hn -c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s∂-Xn-sc-bp-≈ P-\-hn-Im-cw X-ß-ƒ-°-\p-Iq-e-am-°n am-‰m-≥ io-A-I-ƒ ]-cn-i-an-®p. A-cm-P-I-Xzw ap-X-se-Sp-Øv C-kv-em-an-\phn-cp-≤-am-b hn-izm-k-ß-fpw B-Z-¿-i-ß-fpw ]-N-cn-∏n-°m-\pw A-h-¿ i-an-®p. C-Xn-se-√mw A-h-¿ H-c-f-hp-h-sc hn-P-bn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

\-_n(k)-bp-sS Ip-Spw-_-tØm-Sp-≈ kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ a-d-hn-¬ A-_q-_-Iv-¿, D-a-¿, D-kv-am-≥(d)F-∂o J-eo-^-am-cp-ƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ kz-lm-_n-I-sfio-A-I-ƒ ]m-]n-I-fpw A-[n-Im-c-s°m-Xn-b-∑m-cp-am-bn Nn-Xo-I-cn-®p. A-en-sb-bpw(-d) Ip-Spw-_-sØ-bpw Ip-dn-®v A-Xn-i-tbm-‡n-bp-≈ I-Y-I-fpw A-h-¿ ]-N-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

]n-¬-°m-e-Øv io-A-I-ƒ hn-hn-[ I-£n-I-fm-bn`n-∂n-®p. A-en(-d) ssZ-h-amsW∂v Nne¿. ]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-\v b-Ym-¿-Y A-h-Im-in A-t±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.ap-l-Ω-Zv(-kz) A-Xv X-¥-Øn-¬ ssI-h-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv F-∂v hm-Zn-°p-∂ dm-^n-fo hn-`m-Kw ap-X-¬ an-X-hm-Zn-I-fm-b ssk-Zn-bm-°-ƒ h-sc io-A-I-fm-Wv. ""io-A-Øp C-kvv-\m A-i-cn-ø'' F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ "C-am-an-ø'I-fm-Wv A-h-cn-se ]-_-e hn-`m-Kw.C-∂-sØ C-dm-\n-se -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-ƒ D-ƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈-h-¿ C-h-cn-¬-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-dm-\n-¬ B-b-Øp-√mJp-ssa-\n ÿm-]n-® C-kv-em-an-I -c-W-Iq-S-sØ C-kv-em-an-I \-thm-∞m-\ ]-ÿm-\-ß-ƒ X-≈n-∏-d-bm-\pw hn-a-¿-in-°m-\pw t]-c-I-am-b-Xv C-am-an-ø io-A-I-fp-sS C-kv-emw hn-cp-≤-hm-Z-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-S-Øn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xzw A-en-°pw(-d)- k-¥m-\-ß-ƒ-°pw \-¬-Im-≥ \-_n(kz) I-ev-]n-®n-´p-s≠-∂v A-h-¿ hm-Zn-°p-∂p. X-ß-fp-sS t\-Xm-°-fm-b C-am-ap-I-ƒ a-e-°p-I-sf-°m-fpw ]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-°m-fpw ti-jv-T-cpw ]m-]-kp-c-£n-X-cp-am-Wv. A-Xn-\m-¬ \-_n-am-sc-sb-∂ t]m-se io-Cu -

C-am-ap-I-sf \n-cp-]m-[n-Iw A-\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xm-WvF-∂pw A-h-¿ ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. C-am-ap-I-fp-sS-bpw-]p-Wy-hm-f-∑m-cp-sS-bpw J-_-dn-S-ß-ƒ sI-ń-s∏m-°n-b-Xpw A-hn-Sw D-’-h-∏-d-ºp-I-ƒ-°v k-am-\-am-°n-b-Xpw C-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

A-_q-_-Iv-¿, D-a-¿, D-kv-am-≥, B-C-i, A-_q-lp-d-bv-d(-d) Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sc-bpw A-h-sc B-Z-cn-°p-∂-h-sc-bpw io-A-I-ƒ B-t£-]n-°p-∂p. A-h-cn-eq-sS \n-th-Z-\w sN-ø-s∏-´ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ A-h-¿ \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂p. am-X-a-√ \-_n(kz)-tbm-Sv k-l-h-kn-® D-Ø-a-cm-b kz-lm-_n-h-cy-∑m-sc A-h-tl-fn-°m-\m-bn hym-P-l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ]-S-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xn-epw io-A-I-ƒ ap-≥-]-¥n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-hpw J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpwD-kv-am-s‚(-d) h-[w C-kv-em-an-I Km-X-Øn-te-

ev-]n-® ap-dn-hv A-Km-[-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n-∂o-Sp-≠m-b F-√m On-Z-X-I-ƒ-°pw A-Xv aq-e-Im-c-W-am-bn-Øo-¿-∂p. D-kv-am-\n-\v(d)-ti-jw -c-W-km-c-Yyw G-s‰-Sp-Ø A-en(-d)bp-sS Im-e-Øm-Wv P-a-¬ bp-≤-hpwkzn-^v-ô-≥ bp-≤-hpw kw-`-hn-®-Xv. P-a-¬ bp-≤-Øn-¬ B-C-i, kp-ss_-¿, Xz-¬-l(-d) Xp-S-ßn-b ]-ap-J kz-lm-_n-I-ƒ A-en-øn-s\-Xn-sc(-d) A-Wn-\n-c-∂p-sh-¶n-¬ kzn- v- o-\n-¬ ap-B-hn-b B-bn-cp-∂pA-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]-Xn-tbm-Kn.

kzn-^v-ô-≥ bp-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p Iq-Sp-X-¬ c-‡-s®m-cn-®n-en-\v C-S-bm-°n-b-Xv. bp-≤-Øn-¬ C-cp-`m-K-Øp \n-∂pw [m-cm-fwt]-¿ sIm-√-s∏-´p. A-Xn-\n-sS k-‘n-°p-th-≠n-bp-≈ ap-d-hn-fn-bp-b-¿-∂p. C-cphn-`m-K-hpw k-‘n-sN-øm-≥ k-Ω-Xn-®p. a-[y-ÿ-∑m-sc \n-›-bn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. bp-≤w A-h-km-\n-®p. A-t∏m-g-Xm A-en-øn-s‚(-d)- tk-\-bn-¬-\n-∂v H-cp ]p-Xn-b hn-`m-Kw cw-K-Øp-h-cp-∂p. ]-cn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-se "C-\n-¬ lp-Iv-ap C-√m-en-√m-lv'(hn-[n-I-¿-Xr-Xzw A-√m-lp-hn-\v am-Xw) F-∂ h-N-\-Øn-s‚a-d-]n-Sn-®m-Wv ]p-Xn-b I-£n-bp-sS D-¤-hw. hn-[nA-√m-lp-hn-\v am-X-am-Wv. J-eo-^ B-cm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂ ]-iv-\w Xo-cp-am-\n-°m-≥ a-[y-ÿ-sc k-ao-]n-®-Xn-eq-sS- A-en-bpw ap-B-hn-b-bpw Im-^n-dp-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A-h-sc A-\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-h-cpw A-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. A-h-cp-sS c-‡-hpw k-º-ØpwssI-tø-d-¬ A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv F-∂n-h-sbm-s°Xp-S-¿-∂p-h-∂ hm-Z-ß-fm-Wv.

C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-X-Øn-se Xo-h-hn- m-K-am-bn A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fp-sS B-hn-¿-`m-hw C-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Izp-¿-B-≥ Zp-¿-hym-Jym-\n-°p-I am-X-a-√ l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-Øn-\v A-Sn-Ø-d ]m-Ip-I Iq-Sn- sN-øm-≥ J-hm-cn-Pp-I-ƒ [r-jv-S-cm-bn. \-_n-bn-¬(-kz)\n-∂v l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ D-≤-cn-® _-lp-`q-cn-`m-Kwkz-lm-_n-am-sc-bpw Im-^n-dp-I-fm-°n-b J-hm-cn-Pp-I-ƒ A-h-cp-sS l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ X-≈n-°-f-bp-I-bpwsN-bv-Xp. "D-kv-am-s‚ Im-e-sØ hn-hm-Z-ß-ƒ D-S-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv kz-lm-_n-I-sf-√mw \o-Xn-


am-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ]-t£ ]n-∂o-S-h-¿ A-I-an-I-fm-bn-Øo-¿-∂p. A-Xn-\m-¬ D-kv-am-≥, A-en, Xz-¬-l,kp-ss_-¿, B-C-i(-d) Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpw P-a-¬-bp-≤-Øn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-h-cpw kzn-^v-^o-\n-se a-[y-ÿ-∑m-cpw, A-h-sc A-\p-Iq-en-®-h-cp-sa-√mw Im-^n-dp-I-fm-Wv. A-Xn-\m-¬ A-h-cp-sS l-Zo-kp-I-sfm-∂pwX-s∂ kzo-Im-cy-a-√' ˛-C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fp-sS hm-Zw.

Np-cp-°n-∏-d-™m-¬ io-A-I-fpw J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpwl-Zo-kn-s\ ]q-¿-W-am-bn \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n-epwA-h-cp-sS hn-cp-≤-hm-Z-ß-fp-sS -e-am-bn ]-ap-J-cm-b kz-lm-_n-I-ƒ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-sf-sb-√mw A-h-¿ X-≈n-°-f-™p. A-Xn-\m-¬ l-Zo-kv \n-cm-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ B-Zy-Im-e hn-[m-Xm-°-fm-bn io-A-I-sf-bpw J-hm-cn-Pp-I-sf-bpw \-ap-°v I-W-°m-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-hpwln-Pv-dm-_v-Zw c-≠pw aq-∂pw i-X-I-ß-fn-¬ C-kv-

em-an-I-tem-I-Øv b-h-\ X-Xz-im-kv-X-hpw C-¥y-≥^n-tem-k-^n-bpw ]-Np-c-]-Nm-cw t\-Sn. A-h-bp-sSa-d-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠v ssI-kv-X-h-cpw Pq-X-cpw \n-co-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fpw C-kv-em-an-\p-t\-sc Zp-cm-tcm-]-W-ß-ƒ A-gn-®p-hn-´p. A-h-sb ]-Xn-tcm-[n-°-W-sa-¶n-¬_p-≤n-]-c-am-b sX-fn-hp-I-ƒ X-s∂ I-≠p-]n-Sn-°-W-sa-∂v _p-≤n-Po-hn-I-fm-b ]-e ap-kv-enw-I-fpw K-ln-®p. _p-≤n-bp-sS-bpw X-Xz-im-kv-X-Øn-s‚-bpwtc-J-I-fp-am-bn C-kv-em-an-s\ t\-cn-´-h-sc [n-j-W-bp-sS ]-Im-i-Øn-¬X-s∂ J-Wv-Un-°m-≥ X-øm-dm-b Nn-¥-I-∑m-¿ ap-kv-enw-tem-I-Øv i-t≤-b-cm-bn.

Zu-¿-`m-Ky-I-c-sa-∂p ]-d-b-s´, C-kv-em-an-s\ im-kv-Xo-b a-X-am-bn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ hy-K-X-bn-¬ [n-j-Wm-im-en-I-ƒ C-kv-em-an-Im-Z-¿-i-ß-sf-bpwIzp-¿-B-\n-I h-N-\-ß-sf-bpw ]-e-t∏m-gpw Zp-¿-hym-Jym-\n-®p. A-Xn-s\-Xn-sc ]-Xn-I-cn-® ]-Wv-Un-X-ti-j-T-sc `-c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ k-lm-b-tØm-sS a-¿-Zn-s®m-Xp-°m-\pw A-h-¿ i-an-®p. X-ß-fp-sS B-i-b-ß-ƒ A-Sn-t®-ev-]n-°m-\p-≈ A-h-cp-sS i-awA-h-sc ap-kv-enw _-lp-P-\-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂-I-‰n. A-ß-s\-bm-W-h-¿ I-ta-W "ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-ƒ' A-Y-hm H-‰-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-Øo-¿-∂-Xv.

ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-ƒ B-`y-¥-c ssi-Yn-ey-ß-fp-sS^-e-am-bn hn-hn-[ hn-`m-K-ß-fm-bn-Øo-¿-∂p. Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-¿-°pw ]-tXy-I Nn-¥m-k-c-Wn-I-fp-≠m-hp-I-bpw B-Z-¿-i-ß-fp-≠m-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. l-Zo-kn-t\m-Sp-≈ k-ao-]-\-Øn-¬ ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fn-sehn-hn-[ hn-`m-K-ß-ƒ hn-]-co-X Zn-i-I-fn-¬ k-©-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. A-¬B-ap-Zn Nq-≠n-°m-Wn®-Xp-t]m-se H-cm-ƒ am-Xw \n-th-Z-\w-sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-sf kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw _p-≤n-bp-sS tX-´-am-sW-∂v hm-Zn-® A-_p-¬-lp-ssk-\n-¬ _-kz-cn-bpwA-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fm-Wv. F-∂m-¬ A-_q-_-Iv-¿ Pp-_m-bn-bp-sS ho-£-Ww C-Xn-\p t\-

sc hn-]-co-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. G-I \n-th-Z-I-s‚ \n-th-Z-\w Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°-em-Wv _p-≤n-bp-sS hn-[n-sb-∂vA-t±-lw hm-Zn-®p. ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fn-¬ s]-´ \n-fm-an-ø hn-`m-Kw B-Xy-¥n-I-am-bn A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b B-Z-¿-i-am-Wv sh-®p-]p-e-¿-Øn-b-Xv. a-‰p- ap-kv-enw-I-sf-√mw Zr-V-⁄m-\w \-ev-Ip-sa-∂v ]-kv-Xm-hn-® "ap-X-hm-Xn-dm-b' l-Zo-kp-I-ƒt]m-epw hym-P-ß-fm-hm-sa-∂pw A-h- sX-fn-h-s√-∂pw A-h-¿ hm-Zn-®p.

l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS ]-Y-a \n-th-Z-I-cm-b kz-lm-_n-I-sf Ip-dn-®p-≈ "ap-A-v-X-kn-ep-I-fp-sS' ]-c-kv-]-chn-cp-≤-ß-fm-b k-ao-]-\-ß-fm-Wv l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sSIm-cy-Øn-epw A-h-cp-sS \n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf hn-cp-≤-ß-fm-°n-b-Xv. ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fp-sS P-\-bn-Xm-sh-∂v hn-ti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-bm-fm-Wv hm-kzn-ep-_v-\p A-Xzm-Av. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ho-£-W ]-Im-cw P-a-¬-bp-≤-Øn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-h-cn-¬ H-cp-hn-`m-Kw Zp-¿-am-¿-Kn-I-fm-Wv. A-Xn-\m-¬ c-≠p hn-`m-K-Øn-¬ s]-´-h-¿ H-∂n-®v km-£yw h-ln-®m-¬ A-Xv kzo-Im-cy-a-√. Im-c-Ww A-h-cn-¬ H-cm-ƒ '^m-kn-Izm'(Zp-¿-am-¿-Kn)sW-∂-Xn-¬ k-tµ-l-an-√-sX. F-∂m-¬ H-cp hn-`m-K-Øn-se X-s∂ c-≠pt]-¿ km-£yw h-ln-®m-¬ A-Xvkzo-Im-cy-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-h-cn-¬ Zp-¿-am-¿-Kn-I-fp-t≠m F-∂ Im-cyw kp-\n-›n-X-a-√. ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fp-sS a-s‰m-cp t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂ Aw-dp-_v-\p D-ss_-Zn-s‚ hm-Z-a-\p-k-cn-®v P-a-¬ bp-≤-Øn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø C-cp-`m-K-Øp-≈-h-cpw Zp-¿-am-¿-Kn-I-fm-Wv.A-Xn-\m-¬ A-h-cp-sS km-£y-hpw kzo-Im-cy-a-√. ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fn-¬ s]-´ \n-fm-an-s‚ hm-Zw ap-I-fn-¬kq-Nn-∏n-®-h-sb-°m-ƒ Kp-cp-X-c-am-Wv. kz-lm-_n-I-sf-√mw A-bm-fp-sS hm-Z-]-Im-cw I-]-S-∑m-cpw hn-h-cw-sI-´-h-cpw \-c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fp-am-Wv! (A-√m-lp-hn-¬ i-c-Ww)

kz-lm-_n-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ ho-£-W ssh-cp-[y-ß-ƒ-°-\p-k-cn-®v l-Zo-kn-t\m-Sp-≈ k-ao-]-\-Øn-

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l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS ]-Y-a \n-th-Z-I-cm-bkz-lm-_n-I-sf Ip-dn-®p-≈ "ap-A-v-X-kn-ep-I-fp-sS' ]-c-kv-]-c hn-cp-≤-ß-fm-bk-ao-]-\-ß-fm-Wv l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn-epw A-h-cp-sS \n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf hn-cp-≤-ß-fm-°n-b-Xv. ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-fp-sS P-\-bn-Xm-sh-∂v hn-ti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-bm-fm-Wv hm-kzn-ep-_v-\p A-Xzm-Av.A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ho-£-W ]-Im-cw P-a-¬-bp-≤-Øn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-h-cn-¬ H-cp-hn-`m-Kw Zp-¿-am-¿-Kn-I-fm-Wv.


epw A-h-¿-°n-S-bn-¬ A-¥-c-ap-≠m-bn. A-h-cn-¬ Nn-e-¿ kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ H-´pw kzo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-cm-sW-¶n-¬ a-‰p-Nn-e-¿ Nn-e-sX-√mw kzo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Nn-e-cm-I-s´ "B-lm-Zm-b' l-Zo-kp-I-sf \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-¶n-¬ a-‰p-Nn-e-¿ ap-X-hm-Xn-dp-I-sf t]m-epw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-cm-Wv.

Np-cp-°n-∏-d-™m-¬ J-hm-cn-Pp-I-ƒ, io-A-I-ƒ,ap-A-v-X-kn-en-I-ƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿ sam-Ø-Øn-¬ kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS k-Xy-k-‘-X-sb tNm-Zyw-sN-øp-∂-h-cm-Wv. hn-i-Zmw-i-ß-fn-¬ A-h-¿-°n-S-bn-¬ A-¥-c-ap-s≠-∂-Xn-¬ kw-i-b-an-√. J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpw ap-Av-X-kn-en-I-fn-sem-cp hn- m-K-hpw G-Xm-s≠-√m kz-lm-_n-I-sf-bpw Zp-¿-am-¿-Kn-I-fpw A-[-¿-a-Im-cn-I-fp-am-bn Im-Wp-∂p. A-Xn-\m-¬ A-h-cp-sS-sbm-∂pw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ kzo-I-cn-°m-dn-√. l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS _-lp-`q-cn-`m-K-hpw Cu hm-Z-Øn-eq-sS Xn-c-kv-I-c-Wo-b-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sS Ip-X-¥-ß-ƒC-kv-em-an-s‚ B-hn-¿-`m-h-Im-ew ap-X-¬ A-Xn-

t\m-Sv A-S-°m-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø ]-I-bpw hn-tZz-j-hpwPq-X-∑m-¿ sh-®p-]p-e-¿-Øn. A-h-cp-sS i-Xp-X-sb-°p-dn-®pw C-kv-em-an-I k-aq-l-Øn-epw cm-jv-S--Øn-epw On-Z-X-bpw A-cm-P-I-Xz-hpw D-≠m-°m-≥ A-h-¿ \-S-Øn-b ]-cn-i-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw \mw hn-h-cn-®p. Pq-X-∑m-cp-sS i-Xp-X-sb-°m-ƒ H-´pw Ip-d-h-√m-Ø ssh-cw In-kv-Xob ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cpw cm-jv-S-t\-Xm-°-fpw C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sv sh-®p-]p-e-¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. tb-ip-hn-s‚ Zn-hy-Xz-sØ C-kv-emw \n-cm-I-cn-®-Xpw In-kv-Xy-≥ ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-sØ hn-a-¿-in-®-Xpw B-Z-¿-i-cw-K-Øv C-kv-em-an-t\m-S-h-¿-°v hn-tZz-j-ap -≠m-°n. ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cp -sS B-io-¿-hm-ZtØm-sS tdm-am km-am-Py-Øn-se `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-ƒ A-h-cp-sS ]-P-I-sf Nq-j-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. Cu-Pn-]v-Xv, kn-dn-b, ^-e-kv-Xo-≥, tPm-¿-Zm-≥Xp-S-ßn-b ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se P-\-ß-ƒ ]m-c-X-¥y-Øn-s‚-bpw a-¿-Z-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw Zp-cn-X-°-b-Øn-¬s]-´p-g-ep-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. G-I-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚-bpw a-\p-jy-hn-tam-N-\-Øn-s‚-bpw k-tµ-i-hp-am-bn A-td-_y-bn-¬ C-kv-emw D-Z-bw-sN-bv-X-t∏m-ƒ tdm-am-km-am-Py-Øn-epw A-Xn-s‚ A-\p--c-W-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn.

ln-dm-¢n-b-kv N-I-h-¿-Øn-sb C-kv-em-an-te-°v£-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v \-_n(kz) Zq-X-s\ \n-tbm-Kn-®p.\-_n-(kz)bp-sS k-tµ-iw k-Xy-am-sW-∂v t_m-[y-s∏-´ cm-Pm-hv C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-P--b-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ H-cm-ƒ-°pw km-[y-a-s√-∂ Im-cyw K-ln-®p. ]p-tcmln-X-cpw `-c-W-t\-Xm-°-fp-a-S-ßp-∂ k-Z- n-¬ cm-Pm-h-Xv Xp-d-∂p-]-d-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]-t£ ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cp-sS i-‡-am-b F-Xn-¿-∏n-\p ap-ºn-¬ cm-Pm-hv X-s‚ a-\- m-£n-sb h-©n-°m-≥ \n-¿-_-‘n-X-\m-bn. ]n-∂o-Sv C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc ssk-\n-I \o-°w \-S-Øm-≥ tdm-am-km-am-Pyw [m-¿-jv-Syw Im-Wn-

®p. \-_n-bp-sS(kz) Im-e-Øv "ap-Av-X' bp-≤-Øn-¬ ap-kv-enw-˛-tdm-am kw-L-´-\-Øn-\p \m-µn-Ip-dn-®p.

]n-∂o-Sv A-_q-_-Iv-dn-s‚(d) Im-e-Øv Xp-S-¿-∂t]m-cm-´-ß-ƒ D-a-dn-s‚-(-d) Im-e-Øm-Wv A-h-km-\n-®-Xv. Jm-en-Zv -_v-\p-¬h-eo-Zn(-d)s‚-bpw A-_q-D-ss_-Z A-¬P-dm-ln(-d)-s‚-bpw t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ap-kv-enw-tk-\-bp-sS ap-≥]n-¬ A-h-¿ A-Sn-b-d-hv ]-d-™p. In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw G-gmw i-X-I-Øn-em-Wv A-Xp kw-`-hn-®-Xv. A-Xn-\-Sp-Ø \q-‰m-≠n-¬ X-e-ÿm-\-am-b tIm-¨-Ãm-≥-dn-t\m-∏n-fn-s‚ ]-cm-P-b-tØm-sS ]u-c-kv-Xy tdm-am km-am-Py-Øn-s‚ ]-X-\w ]q-¿-Øn-bm-bn. tdm-am-km-am-Py-Øn-s‚ ]-X-\w A-hn-S-sØ a-¿-Zn-X-P-\-X-bv-°v B-\-µ-hpw B-izm-k-hpw]-Zm-\w-sN-bv-Xp. km-am-Py-Xz-Øn-s‚ X-W-en-¬ ]m-h-s∏-´-h-cp-sS-bpw I-¿-j-I-cp-sS-bpw c-‡w Du-‰n-°p-Sn-®n-cp-∂-h-¿-°v C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp-≈ sh-dp-∏pw hn-tZz-j-hpw h-¿-[n-°m-\p-a-Xv C-S-h-cp-Øn. ssZ-h-Øn-\pw a-\p-jy-¿-°p-an-S-bn-ep-≈ a-[y-h-¿-Øn-I-fm-bn hn-e-kn-bn-cp-∂ ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-¿-°m-bn-cp-∂p C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sv G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X-¬ i-Xp-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.

]-t£ X-ß-fp-sS B-bp-jv-Im-e-Øv ssk-\n-I-am-bn C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-s√-∂vA-h-¿-°v D-d-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ssi-Xy-Im-e-Øpw D-jv-W-Im-e-Øpw C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-S-Øn-s‚ A-Xn-cp-I-fn-¬ B-I-a-Ww \-S-Øn A-Xn-s‚ i-‡n-°vtIm-´w X-ń-bn-´p-t≠m F-∂-h-¿ C-Sv-°n-sS ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B-bp-[-Øn-s‚ ap-ºn-¬ A-P-ø-am-b C-kv-em-an-s\ B-Z-¿-iwsIm-≠pw t\-cn-Sm-\m-hn-s√-∂v A-h-¿-°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xn-\m-¬Pq-X-cp-sS-bpw t]-¿-jy-≥ A-h-in-jv-S-ß-fp-sS-bpw h-gn-sb-Ø-s∂ In-kv-Xo-b ]p-tcm-ln-X-cpw k-©-cn®p. C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-dn-®v Ip-]-N-m-c-W-ß-ƒ \-S-Øp-hm-\pw ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-sØ in-Yn-e-am-°m-\pw A-h-¿ b-Xv-\n-®p. C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp-≈ hn-tZz-jw X-e-ap-d-I-ƒ-°v ]-I-¿-∂p sIm-Sp-°m-\pw A-h-¿ [r-jv-S-cm-bn.

A-ß-s\ C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp-≈ A-S-ßm-Ø hn-tZz-j-Øn-em-Wv bq-tdm-]y-≥ k-aq-l-ß-ƒ Du-ń-sb-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. A-h-k-cw e-`n-®-t∏m-sg-√mw hn-[zw-k-I ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ A-gn-®p-hn-ń-cp-∂ C-kv-em-an-s‚i-Xp-°-ƒ In. 1096¬ a-[y-]u-c-kv-Xy tZ-i-tØ-°v H-cp "hn-ip-≤-bp-≤w' X-s∂ \-bn-®p. A-∂-sØam-¿-∏m-∏-bp-sS Xn-cp-I-ev-]-\]-Im-cw bq-tdm-∏n-se`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS-bpw ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cp-sS-bpwt\-Xr-Xz-Øn-¬ \-S-∂ kw-lm-c-Xm-Wv-U-h-am-Wv "Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤w' F-∂ Hm-a-\-t∏-cn-¬ N-cn-X-Øn-¬ A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. c-≠p \q-‰m-t≠m-fw C-kv-em-an-Item-I-Øv A-[n-\n-th-iw \-S-Øn-b "Ip-cn-ip t]m-cm-fn-I-ƒ' \-S-Øn-b a-\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X Iq-c-X-I-ƒN-cn-X-Øn-se I-dp-Ø A-[ym-b-ß-fm-Wv. In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw 1270¬ lq-Øo-\n-¬sh-®v kp-¬-Xzm-≥ kz-em-lp-±o-≥ A-øq-_n(d)bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-¬ ap-kv-enw-tk-\ \-S-Øn-b N-cn-X-]-kn-≤-am-b t]m-cm-´w bq-


tdm-]y-cp-sS In-cm-X-hm-gv-N-°v A-¥yw Ip-dn-®p.Xu-lo-Zn-s‚-bpw Cu-am-\n-s‚-bpw ]-`-bn-¬ sh-

´n-Øn-f-ßp-∂ ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-sØ B-bp-[w sIm-≠v A-[n-I-Im-ew A-Sn-®-a-¿-Øm-≥ km-[y-a-s√-∂vbq-tdm-∏n-\v a-\- n-em-bn. A-Xn-\m-¬ ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-Z-¿-im-Sn-Ø-d-I-ƒ X-I-¿-°m-\p-≈ Ip-’n-Xi-a-ß-fn-¬ A-h-¿ hym-]r-X-cm-bn. Pq-X-cpw t]-¿-jy-°m-cpw A-h-cp-sS ]n-Wn-bm-fp-I-fm-b io-A-I-fpwJ-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpw ap-A-v-X-kn-ep-I-fp-sam-s° hn-k-¿-Pn-® a-en-\ ]-Zm-¿-Y-ß-sf \-ho-\ te-_-ep-I-fn-¬A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ i-a-ß-ƒ A-h-¿ Xp-S-¿-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

B-[p-\n-I bq-tdm-∏n-s‚ im-kv-X t\-´-ß-fp-sS-bpw hn-⁄m-\-ß-fp-sS-bp-sa-√mw D-¤-hw kv-s]-bn-\n-¬ \n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. \q-‰m-≠p-I-tfm-fw A-hn-sS ]-tim-`n-® C-kv-em-an-Ikw-kv-Im-cw A-Xn-s\ hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚ I-e-h-d-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. A-hn-sS ssh-Zy-im-kv-X-Øn-epw tKm-f-im-kv-X-Øn-epw C-X-c im-kv-X-im-J-I-fn-epw K-th-j-Ww \-S-Øn-b hn-Zym-¿-Yn-I-sf A-d-_v-˛-C-kv-em-an-I kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ Hu-∂-Xyw l-Tm-Zm-I-¿-jn-®p. bq-tdm-∏n-se _p-≤n-Po-hn-I-fn-¬ C-kv-em-an-s\ Ip-dn-®v h-f-¿-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ a-Xn-∏v ssI-kv-X-h-k-`-I-sf-bpw a-Xm-[y-£-∑m-sc-bpw sX-s√m-∂p-a-√ D-Xv-I-Wv-Tm-Ip-e-cm-°n-b-Xv.

_u-≤n-I-X-e-Øn-¬ C-kv-em-an-s\ t\-cn-Sm-\p-≈kw-cw-`-ß-fp-sS B-h-iy-I-X A-h-¿-°v X-s∂ t_m-[y-s∏-´p. A-d-_v-˛ C-kv-em-an-Im-i-b-ß-sf i-cn-bmw-h-Æw a-\- n-em-°n-bm-e-√m-sX A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-am-bn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-≥ km-[y-am-hn-s√-∂v A-h-¿ K-ln-®p. A-Xn-\m-¬ A-d-_v-˛-C-kv-em-an-I Ir-Xn-I-fp-sS ]-T-\-Øn-\v A-h-¿ Xm-a-kn-bm-sX I-em-e-b-ß-ƒ ÿm-]n-®p. C-kv-em-an-s\ A-°m-U-an-Iv X-e-Øn-¬ ]-Tn-®-ti-jw A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-am-bn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ Cu i-a-am-Wv "Hm-dn-b-‚-en-kw' F-∂ t]-cn-¬ A-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv.

X-ß-fp-sS e-£y-]m-]v-Xn-°p th-≠n hn-]p-e-am-b kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fm-Wv Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ H-cp-°n-b-Xv. B-Z-¿-i-]-c-am-bn C-kv-em-an-\p ap-≥]n-¬ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´ In-kv-Xo-b N-¿-®p-I-fpw B-bp-[wsIm-≠vtXm-ev-]n-°m-\m-hn-s√-∂v a-\- n-em-°n-b bq-tdm-]y-≥ -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-k-Øn-s‚ h-f-¿-®-°p-th-≠n H-sØm-cp-an-®p. bq-tdm-∏n-¬ C-kv-emw

]-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv X-S-bn-Sm-\pw ap-kv-enw-I-sf sX-‰n-≤m-c-W-bn-¬ ho-gv-Øm-\pw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ H-tc-k-a-bw b-Xv-\n-®p. ]-X-am-kn-I-I-ƒ, td-Un-tbm, Sn-hn Xp-S-ßn-b am-[y-a-ß-ƒ C-Xn-\p-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. Hm-Iv-kv-t^m-¿-Uv, tIw-_n-Uv-Pv, F-Un-≥-_-¿-Kv Xp-S-ßn-b k-¿-h-I-em-im-e-I-fn-¬ am-X-a-√, A-td-_y-bn-se I-em-im-e-I-fn-¬ h-sc A-[ym-]-\w \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

C-kv-em-an-s‚ au-en-I ]-am-W-ß-fn-¬ kw-i-b-ap-≠m-°p-I, l-Zo-kn-s\ \n-cm-I-cn-°p-I, k-®-cn-X-cm-b kz-lm-_n-I-ƒ ap-X-ep-≈ l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-Icp-sS k-Xy-k-‘-X-bn-¬ kw-i-b-ap-≠m-°p-I. ]m-am-Wn-I-cm-b ]-Wv-Un-X in-tcm-a-Wn-I-sf A-]-l-kn-°p-I, C-kv-em-an-s‚ kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-˛-\m-K-cn-I aq-ey-ß-sf A-h-a-Xn-°p-I Xp-S-ßn-b Ip-X-¥-ß-ƒHm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sS ap-J-ap-Z-bm-Wv. Cu e-£ykm-£m-Xv-Im-c-Øn-\m-bn A-h-¿ H-t´-sd K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ c-Nn-®n-´p-≠v. sI-∂-Xv Iv-dmw-Kn-s‚ "Z Im-ƒ Hm-^v an-\m-d-‰v-kv', F-®v. B-¿ ln-∫n-s‚ "ap-l-Ω-Z-\n-kw' `-¿-aw-Km-hn-s‚ " sse-^v Hm-^v ap-l-Ω-Zv' Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sS a-l-Zv Kp-cp-hm-b-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ Pq-X-\m-b tKm-ƒ-Uv kn-l-dn-s‚ C-kv-em-an-I ]-T-\w,hn-izm-k-hpw C-kv-em-an-I i-co-A-Øpw Xp-S-ßn-b-h hn-j-en-]v-X-am-b C-kv-emw hn-a-¿-i-\-Ir-Xn-I-fn-¬Nn-e-Xm-Wv.

bq-tdm-∏n-se _p-≤n-Po-hn-I-sf-bpw hn-Zym-¿-Yn-I-sf-bpw C-kv-em-an-¬ \n-∂v X-S-bp-I, A-d-_v \m-Sp-I-fn-se hn-⁄m-\m-¿-Yn-I-fn-epw bp-hm-°-fn-epw _p-≤n-Po-hn-I-fn-epw C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-dn-®v sX-‰n-≤m-c-W-I-fpw kw-i-b-ß-fpw D-±o-]n-∏n-°p-I F-∂n-h-bm-Wv Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sS ]-[m-\ e-£y-ß-ƒ.

Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ-°v X-ß-fp-sS e-£y-ß-fn-se-√mw H-c-f-hp-h-sc hn-P-bn-°m-≥ km-[y-am-bn-´p-s≠-∂-Xn-¬ kw-i-b-an-√. G-Xm-s≠-√m ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-ß-fn-epw Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂ tam-tU-Wn-Ãp-I-fpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fpw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-k-Øn-s‚ kr-jv-Sn-I-f-√m-sX a-s‰m-∂p-a-√.

tam-tU-Wn-Ãp-I-fp-sS Ip-X-¥-ß-ƒPq-X-∑m-¿, t]-¿-jy-°m-¿, tdm-a-≥ -c-W-Iq-S-ß-

fp-sS kv-Xp-Xn-]m-T-I-¿, ssI-kv-X-h ]p-tcm-ln-X-¿Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿-°v C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp-≈ ssh-c-hpw hn-

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C-kv-em-an-s\ A-°m-U-an-Iv X-e-Øn-¬ ]-Tn-®-ti-jw A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-am-bn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ Cu i-a-am-Wv "Hm-dn-b-‚-en-kw' F-∂ t]-cn-¬A-dn-b-s∏- -Xv. X-ß-fp-sS e-£y-]m-]v-Xn-°p th-≠n hn-]p-e-am-b kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fm-Wv Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ H-cp-°n-b-Xv. B-Z-¿-i-]-c-am-bn C-kv-em-an-\p ap-≥]n-¬ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´ In-kv-Xo-b N-¿-®p-I-fpw B-bp-[wsIm-≠vtXm-ev-]n-°m-\m-hn-s√-∂v a-\- n-em-°n-b bq-tdm-]y-≥ -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-k-Øn-s‚ h-f-¿-®-°p-th-≠n H-sØm-cp-an-®p.


tZz-j-hpw B-g-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. B-Z-¿-i-cw-K-Øpw ssk-\n-I-am-bpw A-h-¿ ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv G-‰p-ap-ń. c-≠n-S-Øpw A-h-¿ ]-cm-P-b-Øn-s‚ I-bv-]p-\o-¿ Ip-Sn-®p.

ap-kv-enw-I-sf X-ß-fp-sS B-Z-¿-i-ß-fn-¬-\n-∂pwau-en-I ]-am-W-ß-fn-¬-\n-∂pw hy-Xn-N-en-∏n-®m-e-√m-sX C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-s√-∂vA-h-¿ a-\- n-em-°n. A-Xn-\p-th-≠n Pq-X-˛-ssI-kv-X-h hn- m-K-ß-ƒ H-‰-bm-bpw Iq- -am-bpw ]-h-¿-Øn-®p.

]-cn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-¬-\n-∂v ap-kv-enw-I-sf A-I-‰n-\n-¿-Ø-¬ Zp-jv-I-c-am-bn A-h-¿ I-≠p. A-Xn-\m-¬ Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw C-kv-em-an-I B-cm-[-\m-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚-bpw B-[m-c-in-e-bp-am-b \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-bp-≈ ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS _-‘w hn-t—-Zn-°m-\p-≈ D-]-Pm-]-ß-fn-¬ A-h-tc-¿-s∏-´p. l-Zo-kp-am-bp-≈ _-‘whn-t—-Zn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ G-‰-hpw e-fn-X-am-b am-¿-Kw A-h-¿ I-s≠-Øn. C-kv-em-an-s‚ h-f-¿-®-bn-epw hn-P-b-Øn-epw ]-Nm-c-W-Øn-epw A-aq-ey kw-`m-h-\-I-f-¿-∏n-®-h-sc A-h-a-Xn-°-em-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv. \-_n-tbm-Sv(-kz) k-l-h-¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂ A-\p-N-c-∑m-¿-°vap-kv-enw P-\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn-ep-≈ kv-t\-lm-Z-c-hp-I-ƒC-√m-bv-a sN-øp-∂-Xn-¬ hn-P-bn-®m-¬ \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-bp-≈ ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS _-‘w ap-dn-°m-s\-fp-∏-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww ]-hm-N-I-s‚ A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-W-t√m A-hn-Sp-sØ N-cy ]n-≥-Km-an-I-ƒ-°v ]-I-¿-∂Xv.A-h-¿ A-hn-iz-kv-X-cpw Zp-¿-am-¿-Kn-I-fpw am-¿-K-`w-iw kw-`-hn-®-h-cpw I-]-S-∑m-cp-am-sW-¶n-¬ A-h-cn-eq-sS e-`y-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS A-h-ÿ-sb-¥m-bn-cn-°pw? A-Xn-\m-¬ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ [m-cm-fw D-≤-cn-®kz-lm-_n-I-fpw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-am-Wv Iq-Sp-X-¬ B-tcm-]-W hn-a-¿-i--ß-ƒ-°v hn-t[-b-cm-b-Xv.

kz-lm-_n-I-sf B-t£-]n-°p-∂-Xn-¬ Pq-X-cpwssI-kv-X-h-cpw A-Xn-cp-I-S-∂n-cp-∂p. am-X-a-√ A-h-cp-sS hm-Z-K-Xn-I-sf A-∏-Sn hn-gp-ßp-∂ hn-`m-Kß-sf ap-kv-enw k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-¬ \n-∂p-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-epwA-h-¿ h-P-bn-®p. io-A-I-ƒ, J-hm-cn-Pp-I-ƒ, ap-Av-X-kn-en-I-ƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿ C-h-bn-¬ ]-[m-\n-I-fm-Wv. C-h-sc-√mw D-∂-bn-® Zp-cm-tcm-]-W-ß-sf H-cpam-e-bn-se-∂-h-Æw tIm-¿-°p-I-bpw im-kv-X-Øn-s‚-bpw [n-j-W-bp-sS-bpw Nm-b-a-Sn-®v A-h-sb A-e-¶-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X ]-ÿm-\-am-Wv Hm-dn-b-‚-en-kw. Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fpw X-ß-fp-sS ap-≥-Km-an-I-sf-t∏m-se ap-kv-enw \m-a-[m-cn-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v ]-Nm-c-I-sc I-s≠-Øm-≥ i-an-®p.

ap-kv-enw-tem-I-sØ X-ß-fp-sS ssI-∏n-Sn-bn-sem-Xp-°m-≥ X-°w]m-¿-Øn-cn-°p-∂ km-am-Py-Xz-i-‡n-I-fpw A-¥m-cm-jv-S X-e-Øn-ep-≈ Pq-X-˛-ssI-kv-X-h _p-≤n-Po-hn-I-fp-am-Wv Hm-dn-b-‚-en-k'sØ \-´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw h-f-¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv. hn-tizm-Ø-c-ß-fm-b tIw-_n-Uv-Pv, Hm-Iv-kv-t^m-¿-Uv, F-Un-≥-_-¿-Kv Xp-S-ßn-b k-¿-h-I-em-im-

e-I-ƒ Hm-dn-b-‚-en-k-Øn-s‚ h-f-¿-Øp-sXm-ń-ep-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. A-hn-S-ß-fn-se-√mw A-d-_v-˛-C-kv-em-an-I kw-kv-Im-c-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ ]-T-\-Øn-\v ]-tXy-I ^m-°-¬-‰n-I-fpw h-Ip-∏p-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. D-∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚ a-d-]n-Sn-®v C-kv-emw hn-cp-≤m-i-b-ß-fm-Wv A-Ø-cw I-em-im-e-I-fn-¬ A-`y-kn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A-hn-S-ß-fn-te-°v A-d-_v tem-I-sØ _p-≤n-km-a-¿-Yy-ap-≈ hn-Zym-¿-Yn-I-sf B-I-¿-jn-°m-≥ F-√m- X-¥-ß-fpw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒH-cp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A-hn-S-ß-fn-¬-\n-∂v ]-T-\w I-gn-™v C-d-ßn-b-h-¿ A-h-¿-W-cm-b km-bn-∏p-am-cm-bn. Cw-•o-jp-Im-c-s‚ `m-j-bpw h-kv-X-[m-c-W-co-Xn-bpw D-]-Nm-c-ß-fpw kw-kv-Im-c-hpw A-gn-™m-´-hp-sa-√mw A-d-_v hn-Zym-¿-Yn-I-ƒ B-th-i-]q-¿-hwA-\p-I-cn-®p. C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-dn-®pw l-Zo-kp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-sa-√mw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fm-b X-ß-fp-sSA-[ym-]-I-¿ Hm-Xn-s°m-Sp-Ø-sX-√mw A-h-¿ A-∏-Sn hn-iz-kn-®p. X-ß-fp-sS \m-Sp-I-fn-se I-em-im-e-I-fn-epw bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-I-fn-ep-sa-√mw X-Ø-sb-t∏m-se A-X-h-¿ G-‰p-]m-Sn. A-ß-s\-bm-Wv Cu-Pn-]v-jy-≥ k-aq-l-Øn-¬ ap-l-Ω-Zv A-ao-\pw Izm-knw A-ao-\pw A-_q-d-ø-bp-sa-√mw D-S-se-Sp-Ø-Xv.

Hm-dn-b-‚-en-k-Øn-s‚ B-I-¿-j-W h-e-b-Øn-em-b-h-¿ \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS ta-¬ A-t\-Iw B-tcm-]-W-ß-fp-∂-bn-®p. im-kv-Xo-bm-tcm-]-W-Øn-s‚-bpw_p-≤n-]q-¿-hm-t\z-j-W-Øn-s‚-bpw ta-¬-hn-em-k-Øn-¬ A-h-¿ \-_n-N-cy-sb B-I-an-®p.

io-A-I-fpw ap-Av-X-kn-en-I-fpw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fpw F-gp-Xn-°q-ń-b hm-tdm-e-I-sf B-[m-c-am-°n-bm-Wv tam-tU-Wn-Ãp-I-ƒ X-ß-fp-sS l-Zo-kv-hn-cp-≤t]m-cm-´-ß-ƒ kw-L-Sn-∏n-®-Xv. X-ß-fp-sS \n-c-¥-c ]-cn-i-a-ß-fp-sS-bpw Zo-¿-L-Im-e ]-T-\-K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw -e-am-sW-∂v A-h-¿ ho-ºn-f-°m-dp-s≠-¶n-epw A-h-sb-√mw A-\p-I-c-W-ß-ƒ am-X-am-Wv.

A-d-_v tem-I-Øv l-Zo-kn-s\-Xn-sc B-I-a-W-hp-am-bn cw-K-Øp-h-∂ A-lv-a-Zv A-ao-≥ ^-Pv-dp-¬C-kv-em-an-¬ ]-d-™-Xpw A-_q-d-ø "A-Zzv-hm-D-≥ A-e-- p-∂-Øn-¬ ap-l-Ω-Zn-ø'bn-¬ F-gp-Xn-b-Xp-sa-√mwA-\p-I-c-W-ß-ƒ am-X-am-Wv. A-h-sb-√mw Pq-X-\m-b tKm-ƒ-Uv kn-l-¿ F-gp-Xn-b A-¬ A-Jo-Z-Øph-»-co-A, ]p-tcm-ln-X-\m-b C-_v-dm-low eq-t°m-bp-sS A-¬ a-ko-ln-ø-Øp n-¬ C-kv-emw Xp-S-ßn-b Ir-Xn-I-fn-¬-\n-∂v ]-I-¿-Øn F-gp-Xn-b-h am-X-am-Wv. F-∂m-¬ X-ß-fp-sS Kp-cp-°-fm-sc-t∂m X-ß-ƒ A-h-ew-_n-® K-Ÿ-ß-tf-sX-t∂m Xp-d-∂p-]-d-bm-≥ ap-kv-enw tam-tU-Wn-Ãp-I-sfm-∂pw X-øm-dm-hm-dn-√.

C-sX-√mw X-ß-fp-sS Zo-¿-L-Im-e K-th-j-W ]-T-\-ß-fn-eq-sS I-s≠-Øn-b-Xm-sW-∂v s]-cp-a ]-d-bm-\m-Wv A-h-¿ i-an-°m-dp-≈-Xv. X-ß-fp-sS I-≈-\m-W-bw Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-Xn-cn-°m-\pw X-ß-ƒ A-km-am-\y K-th-j-W-]-Sp-°-fm-sW-∂v hn-iz-kn-∏n-°m-\pw th-≠n-bm-Wv A-h-¿ Cu Ip-X-¥w ]-tbm-Kn-


°p-∂-Xv. 1360˛-¬ C-amw kp-lv-cn-sb-°p-dn-®v A-¬A-kv-l-dn-¬ H-cp hn-hm-Z-ap-≠m-bn. A-∂v tUm. A-en-l-k-≥ A-_v-Zp-¬-Izm-Zn-dn-t\m-Sv tUm. A-lv-a-ZvA-ao-≥ C-]-Im-cw ]-d-™p: A-¬ A-kv-l-¿ hn-⁄m-\-]-c-am-b A-`n-]m-b kzm-X-¥y-sØ A-\p-Iq-en-°p-∂n-√. A-Xp-sIm-≠v Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sSA-`n-]m-b-ß-fn-¬ Xm-¶-ƒ-°p \-∂m-bn tXm-∂p-∂-Xv ]-N-cn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ am-¿-Kw C-Xm-Wv: A-h B-cp-tS-Xm-sW-∂p Xp-d-∂p-]-d-bm-sX Xm-¶-fp-sS kz-¥w h-I-bm-sW-∂ \n-e-bv-°v X-ń-hn-Sp-I. s]-s´-∂vA-h-¿ C-f-In-h-cm-Xn-cn-°-Ø-°-h-Æw A-Xn-\v H-cpe-Lp-th-jw A-Wn-bn--°p-I-bpw sN-øp-I. C-ß-s\-bm-Wv Rm-≥ "^-P-v-dp-¬-C-kv-em-an-epw' "Zzp-l-¬ C-kv-em-an'epw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.''

tam-tU-Wn-Ãp hn-a-¿-i-I-cn-¬ A-ev-]w am-\y-X]p-e-¿-Øp-∂ tZ-l-am-Wv A-lv-a-Zv A-ao-≥. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ t]m-epw co-Xn-im-kv-Xw C-Xm-sW-¶n-¬ a-‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-Xv ]-d-tb-≠ Im-cy-ap-t≠m?! kz-lm-_n-I-sf-bpw l-Zo-kp ]-fin-X-∑m-sc-bpw h-f-sc tam-i-am-b ssi-en-bn-¬ B-t£-]n-°p-I-bpw Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-I-bm-Wv A-h-cp-sS kz-`m-hw.Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se tam-tU-Wn-Ãm-bn-cp-∂ A-_q-d-ø ap-X-¬ tI-c-f-Øn-se ta-tU-Wn-Ãp-I-ƒ h-sc-bp-≈-h-cp-sS A-h-ÿ-bm-Wn-Xv.

A-h-cp-sS Ir-Xn-I-fpw K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sa-√mw i-Im-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw ]-cn-lm-k-ß-fp-sS-bpw sX-dn-I-fp-sS-bpw tI-fo-cw-K-am-Wv. ssh-⁄m-\n-I ]-T-\-K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sS A-b-e-Øp-t]m-epw F-Øm-Ø A-hF-√m Ir-Xn-a-ß-fp-sS-bpw kw-K-a-ß-fm-Wv. ]-ap-J Ir-Xn-I-fn-¬-\n-∂v D-≤-cn-°p-tºm-ƒ A-h-bn-¬ X-ß-fp-sS h-I-bm-bn Ip-sd -Iq-ń-t®-¿-°p-I, D-≈-hhn-´p-I-f-bp-I, ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS t]-cn-¬ I-f-hv sI-ń-®-a-bv-°p-I, K-Ÿ-ß-fn-¬ C-√m-Ø-Im-cyw D-≠vF-∂v I-f-hv ]-d-bp-I, ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS hm-°p-I-ƒ-°v A-h-cp-t±-in-°m-Ø hym-Jym-\w \-ev-Ip-I Xp-S-ßn-b F-√m Xn-cn-a-dn-I-fpw tam-tU-Wn-Ãp-I-ƒ \-S-Øm-dp-≠v. a-X-t_m-[-tam ssZ-h-`-b-tam e-÷-tbm C-√m-Ø-h-¿-°v tN-cm-Ø-Xv F-¥p-≠v! (\-_n-N-cy-bpw C-kv-emw i-co-A-Øn-¬ A-Xn-s‚ ÿm-\-hpw: tUm. ap-kv-X-^m kzn-_m-Cu-˛ ]-cn-`m-j, ap-l-Ω-Zv A-am-\n, t]-Pv 192)

C-kz-v-em-lo ]-ÿm-\-hpw \-_n-N-cy-bpwG-I-tZ-iw H-cp \q-‰m-≠p ap-≥]v tI-c-f ap-kv-enw

Ifp-sS ÿn-Xn s]m-Xp-hn-¬ h-f-sc Z-b-\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. hn-Zym-`ym-k-˛ km-aq-ln-I-˛kmw-kv-Im-cn-I cw-K-ß-fn-sem-s° a-‰p k-aq-l-ß-sf A-t]-£n-®v F-X-tbm ]n-∂n-em-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m-¬ A-Xn-s\-°m-ƒ ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p A-h-cp-sS a-X-cw-Kw. Ip-sd \m-´m-Nm-c-ß-fpw G-Xm-\pw am-e-∏m-´p-I-fpw hn-hm-lw, a-c-Ww Xp-S-ßn-b-h-tbm-Sp _-‘-s∏-´ ]p-tcm-ln-X-]-[m-\-am-b Nn-e I-¿-a-ß-fpw am-X-am-bn-cp-∂p a-Xm-Nm-c-ß-ƒ.

A-√-m-lp-hn-s‚ K-Ÿ-hpw \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-Wv C-kv-em-an-s‚ ]-am-W-ß-ƒ- F-∂v _-lp-`q-cn-`m-Kw ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°-p-a-dn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. 19˛mw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚A-h-km-\-Øn-¬ tI-c-f-°-c-bn-¬ H-‰-s∏-´ \n-e-bn-epw 20˛mw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ ]q-¿-hm-¿-[-Øn-¬ kw-LSn-X-am-bpw ]-h-¿-Øn-°m-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b C-kz-v-em-lo ]-h-¿-Ø-I-cpw ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cpw P-\-ß-sf C-°m-cywt_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈ h-en-b i-a-ß-ƒ X-s∂ \-S-Øn. Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ B-i-bw ]-Tn-°m-\pw Po-hnXwA-Xn-∂-\p-k-cn-®v Nn-´-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw A-h-¿ P-\-ß-sf D-Zv-t_m-[n-∏n-®p. \m-ń-ep-S-\o-fw Izp-¿-B-≥ ¢m-kp-I-ƒ kw-L-Sn-∏n-®pw Izp-¿-B-≥ ]-T-\-tI-µ-ß-ƒ ÿm-]n-®pw Izp-¿-B-≥ ]-cn-`m-j-I-ƒ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-am-Wv C-Xn-\p ]m-h-¿-Øn-I-cq-]w \-ev-In-b-Xv. B-Zy-sam-s° _-lp-P-\-ß-fpw ]m-c-º-cy ]-Wv-Un-X-cpw i-‡n-bm-bn F-Xn-¿-Øp-sh-¶n-epw Izp-¿-B-≥ ]-Tn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv F-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hv Im-e-I-a-Øn-¬ A-h-¿-°p-≠m-bn.

hn-ip-≤-Izp-¿-B-≥ _-¿-°-Øn-\p-th-≠n-sb-¶n-epw B-i-bw K-ln-°m-sX P-\-ß-ƒ ]m-cm-b-WwsN-øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m-¬ \-_n-N-cy, l-Zo-kvv,kp-∂-Øv Xp-S-ßn-b ]-Z-]-tbm-K-ß-ƒt]m-epw P\-ß-ƒ tI-ń-cp-∂n-√. F-Æ-s∏-´ G-Xm-\pw n-Izv-lvK-Ÿ-ß-ƒ am-X-am-bn-cp-∂p C-kv-em-an-s‚ ]-am-W-am-bn A-h-¿ K-Wn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. im-^n-Cu a-Zv-l-_p-Im-cm-Wv X-ß-ƒ F-∂m-Wp P-\-ß-fp-sS hn-Nm-cw.a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf X-Izv-eo-Zp sN-øp-I-b-√m-sX(A-‘-am-bn A-\p-I-cn-°p-I) C-kv-em-an-I \n-b-a-ß-ƒ ]-Tn-°m-\pw a-\- n-em-°m-\pw ap-kv-en-w-I-ƒ-°p _m-[y-X-bn-√ F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p s]m-Xp-[m-c-W. B [m-c-W Xn-cp-Øn-°p-dn-®p-sIm-≠v h-f-sc ]-Xp-s°-bm-sW-¶n-epw \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-bpw l-Zo-kv -K-Ÿ-ß-fp-am-bpw tI-c-f-ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ ]-cn-N-b-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn.

a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf A-‘-am-bn A-\p-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\ \n-cm-I-cn-°p-I-bpw kp-∂-Øn-te-°v a-S-ßp-I-bpw th-W-sa-∂ I-Wn-i-am-b \n-e-]m-sS-Sp-Ø-Xn-\m-¬ C-kzv-em-lo-]-ÿm-\w im-Jm-]-c-am-b Im-cy-ß-fn-¬ X-¿-°n-°p-I-bm-sW-∂pw k-aq-l-Øn-¬ On-Z-X-bp-≠m-°p-I-bm-sW-∂pw \n-in-X-am-bn B-t£-]n-°-s∏-´p. F-¶n-epw I-a-]-hr-≤-am-b ]-Nm-c-W-]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ aq-ew Nn-Xw am-dn-h-∂p. H-cp-Im-e-Øvl-Zo-kp-I-ƒ am-‰n-\n-¿-Øn-b-h-¿ C-∂v F-¥n-\pw G-Xn-\pw l-Zo-kp-≤-cn-®v Zp-¿-hym-Jym-\w sN-øp-∂ Im-gv-N-bm-Wv \mw Im-Wp-∂-Xv.

l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[w ]p-Xn-b th-j-Øn-¬B-fp-I-ƒ Izp-¿-B-\n-te-°pw kp-∂-Øn-te-°pw

A-Sp-Øp-h-cp-∂ H-cp L-´-Øn-¬ ]n-im-Nv th-sdm-cp-X-c-Øn-¬ ]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv tI-c-fo-b-¿ I-≠-Xv. \-_n-N-cy P-\-ß-ƒ-°-⁄m-X-am-bn \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂ Im-e-L-´-Øn-¬-\n-∂v \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-te-°ph-∂-t∏m-ƒ kp-∂-Øn-s‚ hn-izm-ky-X tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv ]p-Xn-b Nn-¥-I-ƒ cw-K-]-th-iw


sN-bv-X-Xv. C-kv-em-an-s‚ c-≠m-a-sØ ]-am-Ww F-∂ h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv B-Zyw tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-X-Xv.

\-ap-°v Izp-¿-B-≥ a-Xn. Izp-¿-B-\n-¬ k-I-e- Im-cy-ß-fpw ]-Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-s° ]n-s∂-¥n-\v th-sdm-cp ]-am-Ww F-∂ co-Xn-bn-¬ C-kv-em-an-s‚ hn-izm-km-Nm-c--ß-sf tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v "tam-tU-¨G-Pn-¬' C-kv-em-an-s\ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p. Izp-¿-B-≥ \n-tj-[n-®m-¬ P-\-ß-ƒ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°n-√. kp-∂-Øvth-s≠-∂p ]-d-™m-epw ]-‰n-√. Cu ]-iv-\-ß-sfX-c-WwsN-øm-≥ "J-_-¿ B-lm-Zv sX-fn-h-√' F-∂hm-Z-am-Wv B-Zyw D-∂-bn-°-s∏-´-Xv. ù-Xn-I hn-⁄m-\w t\-Sn-b Ip-sd B-fp-I-ƒ A-Xn-¬ BIrjv-S-cm-sb-¶n-epw ssh-Im-sX Cu hm-Z-K-Xn-°m-cp-sS e-£yw a-\- n-em-°n A-h-scm-s° ]n-¥n-cn-™p.

C-h-¿ A-h-X-cn-∏n-® hm-Z-ß-fn-¬ \-ap-°v ]p-Xp-a tXm-∂n-bn-cn-°m-sa-¶n-epw t\-c-sØ-X-s∂ A-lv-a-Zv A-ao-≥, A-_q-d-ø, tKm-ƒ-Uv kn-l-¿ Xp-S-ßn-b Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ A-h-X-cn-∏n-® hm-Z-ß-ƒ a-e-bm-f-Øn-em-°p-I am-X-am-W-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv. N-cn-Xw B-h-¿-Øn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ap-kv-enw-tem-IwD-bn-¿-sØ-gp-t∂-‰-L-´-Øn-¬ Im-bn-I-am-tbm ssk-≤m-¥n-I-am-tbm C-kv-em-an-s\ t\-cn-Sm-≥ I-gn-bm-sX ]-am-W-ß-fn-¬ kw-i-bw P-\n-∏n-®v kq-X-Øn-¬ ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an-¬ \n-∂-I-‰m-≥ i-≤n-® Pq-X-∑m-cp-sS A-tX -]-h-¿-Ø-\w \-thm-∞m-\ti-jw tI-c-f-Øn-epw B-h-¿-Øn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

C-∂m-´p-Im-¿-°v \-_n-N-cy ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bC-kzv-em-lo ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-¿ l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-sØ-bpw e-£y-k-ln-Xw t\-cn-´p. A-td-_y-≥ cm-Py-ß-fn-epw bq-tdm-∏n-epw X-s‚ "l-Zzm-d-Øp-¬ C-kv-emw'am-kn-I-bn-eq-sS-bpw "A- p-∂ h a-Im-\-Xp-lm -^n-Ø-iv-co-C-¬ C-kv-em-ao' Xp-S-ßn-b K-Ÿ-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-sf [o-c-am-bn t\-cn-´ tUm.ap-kv-X-^m A- -_m-C sb-t∏m-ep-≈-h-¿(1915-˛1964)

]-Xn-‰m-≠p-I-ƒ-°p ap-ºv a-dp-]-Sn ]-d-™ hm-Z-ß-fm-Wv B-[p-\n-I Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ C-hn-sS C-d-°p-a-Xn sN-bv-X-Xv. k-_m-C-bp-sS "A- p-∂ h a-Im-\-Xp-lm.....' F-∂ K-Ÿw a-e-bm-f-Øn-te-°vhn-h-¿-Ø-\w sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v ap-l-Ω-Zv A-am-\n- au-e-hn C-h-cp-sS hm-Z-ß-sf t\-cn-´p. l-Zo-kv hn-cp-≤]-ÿm-\w C-hn-sS th-cp-]n-Sn-®n-√.

A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fpwHm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fpw tI-c-f-Øn-se l-Zo-kv \n-

tj-[n-I-fpw H-tc-\m-W-b-Øn-s‚ c-≠p ]p-d-ß-ƒ am-Xw. \-_n-N-cy ]-am-W-a-s√-t∂m l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ kzo-Im-cy-a-s√-t∂m t\-¿-°p-t\-sc ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw b-Ym-¿-Y- \-_n-N-cy \-ap-°v e-`n-®n-ń-√ F-∂ph-cp-Øn-Øo-¿-°m-≥ i-an-°p-I-bm-W-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv.ap-l-±n-kp-I-sf-bpw A-h-cp-sS [o-tcm-Zm-Ø-am-b ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-bpw am-X-a-√ ]n-≥-X-e-ap-d-bn-te-°v\-_n-h-N-\-ß-ƒ F-Øn-® kz-lm-_n-h-cy-≥-am-sc-t]m-epw X-≈n-∏-d-bp-I-bm-W-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv.

G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X-¬ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sNbv-X A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-sb-t∏m-ep-≈ kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sShn-izm-ky-X tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-Xp. A-_q-_-Iv-¿(d), D-a-¿(d) Xp-S-ßn-b ]-hm-N-I-s‚ G-‰-hpw A-Sp-ØA-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw k-¥-X k-l-Nm-cn-I-fpw hn-c-en-se-Æm-hp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒam-Xw dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bvX-t∏m-ƒ ssJ-_-¿-bp-≤-Øn-\p ti-jw am-Xw ap-kv-en-am-b A-_q-lp-d-bv-d B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ D-≤-cn-°p-I-tbm? C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p A-h-cp-sS \ym-b-hm-Zw. C-hn-sS-bp-≈ l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fm-h-s´H-cp X-Xz-Zo-£-bp-an-√m-sX kz-lm-_n-I-sf No-Ø-]-d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. I-≈-≥, Pq-X-≥, A-hn-izm-kn,[-\-tam-ln Xp-S-ßn ]-e co-Xn-bn-epw kz-lm-_n-h-cy-≥-am-sc sX-dn-]-d-™p-sIm-≠v K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ X-s∂F-gp-Xn! F-∂m-¬ kz-lm-_m In-dmw B-sc-∂p a-\- n-em-°m-≥ A-h-k-cw-In-ń-b tI-c-f ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ Cu hn-X-Wv-U-hm-Z-ß-ƒ \n-cm-I-cn-°p-I-bpw A-Xn-s\-√mw ]-fin-tXm-Nn-X-am-b a-dp-]-Sn \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)t\-°m-fpw h-f-sc-tb-sd l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ A-_q-lp-d-bv-d dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v F-∂-Xv h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv. F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wn-Xp kw-`-hn-®-Xv? B-tem-Nn-®v -Im-cy-ß-ƒ K-ln-°p-∂ k-Xym-t\z-j-I-¿-°v A-sX-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂v a-\- n-em-Ipw. A-Xn-\p ]-e Im-c-W-ß-fp-≠v.

H-∂v: \-_n-bp-sS(kz) a-c-W-Øn-\p ap≥]v a-cn-®p t]m-b kz-lm-_n-am-¿ H-cp l-Zo-kv-t]m-epw dnt∏m-¿-´p-sN-bv-Xp -Im-Wn-√. Im-c-Ww A-∂v A-Xn-s‚B-h-iy-an-√. \-_n-bp-sS(kz)a-c-W-ti-jw C-kv-em-an-te-°p -h-cp-∂-h-¿-°pw ]p-Xp-ap-kv-enw X-e-ap-d-°pwth-≠n-bm-W-t√m \-_n-N-cy dn-t∏m-¿-´p-sN-øp-∂-Xv.B-b-Xn-\m-¬ \-_n(kz) a-cn-®v 47 h-¿-j-°m-ew Po-hn-® A-_q-lp-d-bv-d, 40 h-¿-jw Po-hn-® B-C-i(d)Xp-S-ßn-b B-fp-I-ƒ c-≠p-h-¿-j-hpw aq-∂v am-k-hpw

Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-fpw tI-c-f-Øn-se l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fpw H-tc-\m-W-b-Øn-s‚c-≠p ]p-d-ß-ƒ am-Xw. \-_n-N-cy ]-am-W-a-s√-t∂m l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ kzo-Im-cy-a-s√-t∂m t\-¿-°p-t\-sc ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw b-Ym-¿-Y- \-_n-N-cy \-ap-°v e-`n-®n-ń-√ F-∂p h-cp-Øn-Øo-¿-°m-≥ i-an-°p-I-bm-W-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv. ap-l-±n-kp-I-sf-bpw A-h-cp-sS [o-tcm-Zm-Ø-am-b]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-bpw am-X-a-√ ]n-≥-X-e-ap-d-bn-te-°v \-_n-h-N-\-ß-ƒ F-Øn-®kz-lm-_n-h-cy-≥-am-sc-t]m-epw X-≈n-∏-d-bp-I-bm-W-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv.

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am-Xw Po-hn-® A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)s\ t]m-ep-≈ B-fp-I-ƒ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ D-≤-cn-®-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ Iq-Sp-X-¬dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X-Xv F-¥p-sIm-≠v F-∂v a-\- n-em-°m-≥ km-am-\y-_p-≤n a-Xn.

c-≠v: - A-_q-_-Iv-¿(d) \-_n(kz) a-cn-® D-S-s\`-c-W-`m-cw G-s‰-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bm-I-s´ P-\-ß-ƒ-°v Zo-≥ ]-Tn-∏n-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-t∏m-ƒ kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw Iq-Sp-X-¬ B-fp-I-ƒ A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bn-¬-\n-∂v l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ tI-ƒ-°pw; dn-t∏m-¿-´p sN-øpw.

aq-∂v: A-_q-lp-d-bv-d ap-kv-en-am-b-Xv ln-Pv-d-bv-°p-ti-j-am-Wv F-∂-Xp i-cn-X-s∂. lp-ssZ-_n-øk-‘n-°p-ti-jw km-aq-ln-I-cw-Kw im-¥-am-hp-Ibpw \-_n(kz) k-am-[m-\-]q-¿-hw ]-t_m-[-\w \-S-Øp-I-bpw sN-bv-X \m-ep-h-¿-j-°m-ew \-_n(kz)tbmsSm-Øp-≈ A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bp-sS k-l-hm-kw-sIm-≠v Iq-Sp-X-¬ Im-cy-ß-ƒ ]-Tn-°m-\-h-k-cw e-`n-®p. C-kv-em-an-s‚ H-t´-sd Im-cy-ß-ƒ \n-b-a-am-b-Xpw \n-c-h-[n hn-tZ-i \n-th-Z-I-kw-L-ß-sf \_n(kz) kzo-I-cn-®-Xpw Cu Im-e-Øm-Wv. A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bm-I-s´ ap-gp-h-≥ k-a-b-hpw a-kv-Pn-Zp-∂-_-hn-bn-¬ I-gn-®p-Iq-´p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C-Xv a-‰p-≈-h-tc-°m-ƒ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ A-t±-l-Øn-\p e-`n-°m-≥ Im-c-W-am-bn.

\m-ev:- l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ Iq-Sp-X-¬ a-\-∏m-T-am-°p-hm-≥ A-_q-lp-d-bv-d°p th-≠n \-_n(kz) ]m-¿-Yn®p.X-Zv-^-e-am-bn l-Zo-kv -]-fin-X-∑m-¿ A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-sb G-sd A-h-ew-_-am-°n.

A-©v: kz-lm-_n-I-fn-¬-\n-∂v l-Zo-kp-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv Xm-_n-D-I-fm-Wv. -c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn-tem a-‰v D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-fn-tem G-¿-s∏- n- n-√m-Ø A-_q-lp-d-bv-d G-sd k-a-bw sN-e-h-gn-®-Xv P-\-ß-tfm-sSm-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p. l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ dn-t∏m-¿-´p-sN-øm-≥ C-sXm-cp \n-an-Ø-am-bn.

B-dv: - a-Sn-bpw e-÷-bpw Iq-Sm-sX A-_q-lp-d-bv-d \-_n(kz)-tbm-Sv Zo-≥Im-cy-ß-ƒ tNm-Zn-®-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂v kz-lm-_n-am-¿ X-s∂ ]-d-bp-∂p.

Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I-sfm-∂pw i-≤n-°m-sX A-_q-lp-d-bv-d F-∂ kz-lm-_n-h-cy-s\ Pq-X-\pw hym-P-\p-am-bn Nn-Xo-I-cn-°p-I F-∂-Xv hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚

Ip-d-hp X-s∂. tI-c-f-Øn-se tam-tU-Wn-Ãp-I-ƒ l-Zo-kp \n-tj-[-Øn-\p th-≠n kw-L-S-\-bp-≠m-°nhy-h-ÿm-]n-X-am-bn ]-h-¿-Øn-®-Xv kz-lm-_n-am-scIp-Xn-c-I-b-dm-\m-Wv. F-∂m-¬ ]-kn-≤ Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãv A-lv-a-Zv A-ao-≥ X-s‚ "^-Pv-dp-¬ C-kv-em-an'epwA-_q-d-ø F-∂ a-s‰m-cp Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãv X-s‚ "A-Zz-v-hm-D-≥ A-e-˛- p-∂-Øn-¬ ap-l-Ω-Zn-ø'-bn-epw F-gp-Xn-hn-´-Xv B-h-¿-Øn-°p-I am-X-ta C-h-¿ sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈q F-∂pw \mw a-\- n-em-°p-I.

l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\-im-kv-X-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ N-¿-®-bn-¬ ap-kv-enw tem-Iw G-tIm-]n-® H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv kz-lm-_n-am-¿ F-√m-h-cpw \o-Xn-am-∑m-cpw hn-izm-k-tbm-Ky-cp-am-Wv F-∂-Xv. l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-Øn-te-°p I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\p -ap-ºm-bn \mw C-Ø-cw Im-cy-ß-ƒ km-am-\y-am-bn A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

C-amw kp-lv-cn-bpw l-Zo-kv N-cn-X-hpwA-a-ho `-c-W-Im-e-Øv J-eo-^ D-a-dp-_v-\p -A-

_v-Zn-¬-A-ko-kn-s‚ I-ev-]-\-]-Im-cw C-amw kp-lv-cn-bm-Wv B-Zy-am-bn l-Zo-kv tIm-Uo-I-c-Ww B-cw-`n-®-Xv F-∂p ]-d-™p-h-t√m. C-amw kp-lv-cn-bpwam-en-°pw \-_n-N-cy Ip-‰-a-‰ co-Xn-bn-¬ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-¬ A-¿-∏n-® tk-h-\-ß-ƒ \n-kv-Xp-e-am-Wv.Cu N-cn-X-bm-Ym-¿-Yyw X-a-kv-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fp-sS H-cp ]-[m-\m-h-iy-am-Wv.

G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X-¬ l-Zo-kv dn-t∏m-¿-´p-sN-bv-Xkz-lm-_n-h-cy-≥ A-Xn-s‚ t]-cn-¬ X-s∂ I-≈-\m-sW-∂p ap-Z-Ip-Øp-I h-gn ap-kv-enw tem-I-sØ sX-‰n-≤-cn-∏n-® Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ, l-Zo-kvv tIm-Uo-I-c-W-Øn-¬ ap-Jy ]-¶p-h-ln-® kp-lv-cn-sb-bpw sh-dp-sX-hn-´n-√. ap-kv-enw tem-I-Øv k-¿-hmw-Ko-Ir-X-\m-b a-lm-]-Wv-Un-X-≥ kp-lv-cn _-\q D-a-ø J-eo-^-am-cp-sS B-in-X-\pw A-h-¿-s°m-Øv l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ \n-¿-an-°p-∂-h-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂m-Wv tKm-ƒ-Uvko-l-¿ B-tcm-]n-°p-∂-Xv.

"J-eo-^-am-¿-°p sX-‰p-]-‰p-I-bn-√' F-∂-¿-Y-Øn-¬ J-eo-^ h-eo-Zp-_v-\p A-_v-Zn-¬ a-en-Iv Xm-≥ im-ap-Im-cn-¬-\n-∂ptI-´ H-cp l-Zo-kn-s\-∏-‰n kp-lv-cn-tbm-Sv tNm-Zn-®-t∏m-ƒ B l-Zo-kvv hym-P-am-sW-∂vtc-Jm-aq-ew ÿm-]n-® B-fm-Wv kp-lv-co. (A-¬ C-Iz-v -Zp-¬ ^-co-Zv). Cu a-lm-s\-bm-Wv J-eo-^-am-cp-sS "dm-≥-ap-fn'bm-bn Nn-Xo-I-cn-®-Xv. \n-c-h-[n kw-`-h bm-Ym-¿-Yy-ß-fn-eq-sS sX-‰m-sW-∂v ÿn-c-s∏-´ Im-cy-ß-ƒ B-tcm-]n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv Hm-dn-b-‚-en-Ãp-I-ƒ l-Zo-kvv \n-tj-[-Øn-\v I-f-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xv.

ln-Pv-d 51ap-X-¬ 124h-sc Po-hn-® B a-lm-\p-`m-h-≥ l-Zo-kvv hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øn-\v \-ev-In-b kw-`m-h-\ Xp-ey-X-bn-√m-Ø-Xm-sW-∂v C-_v-\p-k-Av-Zv,C-amw A-lv-a-Zv, C-_v-\p ln-∫m-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b \n-c-h-[n a-lm-∑m-¿ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. kp-lv-cn-bm-Wv l-Zo-kv dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-øp-tºm-ƒ C-kv-\m-Zv (\n-th-Z-I ]-c-º-c) ]-d-b-¬ A-Xym-h-iy-am-sW-∂v B-Zy-am-bn D-W-¿-Øn-b-Xv. #

l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\-im-kv-X-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ N-¿-®-bn-¬ ap-kv-enw tem-Iw G-tIm-]n-® H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv kz-lm-_n-am-¿ F-√m-h-cpw \o-Xn-am-∑m-cpw hn-izm-k-tbm-Ky-cp-am-Wv F-∂-Xv. l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-Øn-te-°p I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\p -ap-ºm-bn\mw C-Ø-cw Im-cy-ß-ƒ km-am-\y-am-bn A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

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Ih¿tÃmdn

hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ t]m-se ]-hm-N-I-s‚ h-N-\-ß-ƒ \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS Im-e-tØm kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sSIm-e-tØm k-ºq-¿-W-am-bn tIm-Uo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√. A-Xn-\m-¬ l-Zo-kp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ [m-cm-fw km-t¶-Xn-I ]-tbm-K-ß-ƒ ÿn-c-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ kzo-I-cn-°p-hm-\pw kzo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\pw Cu km-t¶-Xn-I ]-tbm-K-ß-ƒ i-cn-°pw K-ln-°-¬ A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. l-Zo-kp-am-bn

_-‘-s∏-´ Nn-e ]-[m-\ km-t¶-Xn-I ]-Z-]-tbm-K-ß-ƒ Xm-sg hn-h-cn-°p-∂p.

1. k-\-Zv (]-c-º-c): C-amw _p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw,A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Xn-¿-an-Zn, \-km-Cu, C-_v-\p-am-P, Zmd-Izp-Xzv-\n, ss_-l-Izn ap-X-em-b apl-±n-kp-Ifm-Wv]-hm-N-I-s‚ h-N-\-ß-ƒ D-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A-Xp-t]m-se-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv A-hn-Sp-sØ ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-fpwAw-Ko-Im-c-hpw. C-h-¿ ]-hm-N-I-s\-tbm kz-lm-_n-h-cy-∑m-sc-tbm I-≠n-´n-√. A-Xn-\m-¬ C-h-¿ \-_n(kz) ]-d-™p, \-_n(-kz) ]-h-¿-Øn-®p, \-_n(-kz)Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p F-∂n-ß-s\ ]-d-™m-¬ A-Xv kzo-

F F Fkv

hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ t]m-se ]-hm-N-I-s‚ h-N-\-ß-ƒ \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS Im-e-tØm kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-tØm k-ºq-¿-W-am-bn tIm-Uo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√.A-Xn-\m-¬ l-Zo-kp-am-bn _-‘-s∏- [m-cm-fw km-t¶-Xn-I ]-tbm-K-ß-ƒ ÿn-c-s∏- n- p-≠v. l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ kzo-I-cn-°p-hm-\pw kzo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\pw Cukm-t¶-Xn-I ]-tbm-K-ß-ƒ i-cn-°pw K-ln-°-¬ A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

lZo-kp-Ifpwkmt¶-XnI ]tbm-K-ßfpw


Im-cy-a-√. F-t∂m-Sv C-∂-h-≥ ]-d-™p. C-∂-h-t\m-Sv C-∂-h-≥ ]-d-™psh-∂v ]-kv-Xm-hn-®v \-_n(kz)h-sc F-Øn-t®-cp-∂ ]-c-º-c D-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Cu ]-c-º-c-bv-°m-Wv k-\-Zv F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. k-\-Zn√m-sX D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ kzo-Im-cy-a-√.

D-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-bp-∂p. F-t∂m-Sv lp-ssa-Zn]-d-™p. lp-ssa-Zn ]-d-bp-∂p, F-t∂m-Sv kp-^v-bm≥ ]-d-™p. kp-^v-bm-≥ ]-d-bp-∂p, F-t∂m-Sv b-lv-b ]-d-™p. b-lv-b ]-d-bp-∂p, F-t∂m-Sv ap-l-ΩZp-_v-\p C-_v-dm-low ]-d-™p. A-t±-lw A-¬-Iz-a ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-b tI-´p. A-¬-Iz-a ]-d-™p" D-a-¿(-d) an-º-dn-¬ sh-®v ]-d-bp-∂-XvRm-≥ tI- p: Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ D-t±-iy-a-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv (_p-Jm-cn, l. \-º-¿ 1). C- hn-sS\-_n ]-Tn-∏n-® H-cp Im-cyw kz-lm-_n-bn-¬ \n-∂v ]n-ev-°m-e-°m-c-\m-b_p-Jm-cn D-≤-cn-°p-∂ am-¿-K-am-Wv \mw I-≠-Xv.Cu \nth-Z-I-]-c-º-c-bmWv k\Zv

2. a-Xv-\v(-aq-e-hm-Iyw):k-\-Zv F-Øn-t®-cp-∂ \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS h-N-\w,]-hr-Øn, Aw-Ko-Im-cwF-∂n-h-bv-°v a-Xv-\v F-∂v]-d-bp-∂p. D-Zm: Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ D-t±-iy-a-\p-k-cn-®v am-X-am-Wv, \-_n(-kz) Zp-lv-¿ \m-ev d-Iv-A-Øv \-a-kv-I-cn-®p. Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I-ƒ l-Zo-kn-s‚ a-Xv-\v F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

3. ap-X-hm-Xn-¿: a-\: ]q-¿-h-am-tbm B-I-kv-an-I-am-tbm I-f-hn-¬ tbm-Pn-°-¬ A-kw-`-hy-am-b \n-e-bv-°v \-_n(-kz)-bn-¬ \n-∂v [m-cm-fw kz-lm-_n-am-¿ l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-∂p. Cu F-Æw Ip-d-bm-Ø\n-e-bv-°v, l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-®-Xv _p-Jm-cn-bm-sW-¶n-¬ _p-Jm-cn-h-sc F-Øp-I. C-_v-\p-am-P-bm-sW-¶n-¬ A-t±-lw h-sc-sb-Øp-I. C-S-bv-°v h-¿-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\v hn-tcm-[-an-√. ùXn-I-amb Hcp DZm-l-cWw]dbmw: Rm-≥ P-∏m-≥ I-≠n-ń-√. F-¶n-epw C-]-Im-cw H-cp cm-Pyw D-s≠-∂v Rm-≥ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xv ap-X-hm-Xn-dm-b \n-th-Z-\-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. apX-hm-Xn-dmb lZo-kp-Iƒ hfsc Ipd®v amXtabp≈q

4. J-_-dp-¬-hm-ln-Zv: ap-X-hm-Xn-¿ A-√m-Ø l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ F√mw kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn J_-dp¬hmlnZv BsW∂v ]d-bmw. ]-Øv t]-¿ D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-km-sW-¶n-epw J-_-dp-¬ hm-ln-Zv F-∂v ]-d-bpw.A-Jv _m-dp-¬ B-lm-Zv F-∂pw C-Xn-\v ]-d-bpw. hn-izm-k Im-cy-ßƒ-°v a-‰p-≈ sX-fn-hp-I-ƒ C-√m-Ø]-£w J-_v-dp-¬ hm-ln-Zv kzo-I-cn-°-¬ \n-¿-_-‘-an-s√-∂v a-Zv-l-_n-s‚ `q-cn-]-£w C-am-ap-I-fpw, C-

amw _p-Jm-cn D-ƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ `q-cn-]-£w ]-fin-X-∑m-cpw A-`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-amw I-¿-am-\n(-d)-bp-sS A-`n-]m-b-hpw D-≤-cn-®v ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.(^-Xv-lp-¬-_m-cn 17-˛32). \-_n-N-cy-bpw C-kv-emwi-co-A-Øn-¬ A-Xn-s‚ ÿm-\-hpw F-∂ tUm-Iv-S-¿ ap-kv-Xz-^m kn-_m-C-a-bp-sS ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-epwCu A-`n-]m-bpw hn-i-Z-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. (t]-Pv160,161)

5. a-iv-lq-¿: J-_v-dp-¬ hm-ln-Zn-s‚ B-Zy-sØC-\w. aq-t∂m A-Xn-¬ Iq-Sp-X-tem ]-c-º-c-I-fn-eq-

sS D-≤-cn-°-s∏-´ l-Zo-kpIƒ. ap -kv -X-ô-fvF-∂pw C-Xn-\v t]-¿ ]-d-bpw. H-cp ]-c-º-c-t]m-epw C-√m-sX a-\p-jy-s‚ \m-hn-eq-sS ]-N-cn-® a-iv-lq-¿ F-∂ m-jm-]-c-am-b ]-tbm-K-Øn-¬A-dn-b-s∏-Spw. D-Zm: dp-Iq-Av e-`n-®m-¬ d-Iv-A-Øv e-`n-°pw (\-_n- h-N-\w). ]-c-º-c-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn C-]-Im-cw H-‰ l-Zo-kp-t]m-epw D-≤-cn -°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. a-\p-jy-s‚\m-hn-eq-sS am-Xw ]-N-cn-®-Xm-Wn-Xv.

6. A-ko-kv: hy-Xym-k-s∏-´ c-≠v ]-c-º-c-bn-

eq-sS D-≤-cn-°-s∏-´ l-Zo-kv.7. K-co-_v: H-cp ]-c-º-c-bn-eq-sS am-Xw D-≤-cn-

°-s∏-´-Xv. B-Zyw [m-cm-fw B-fp-I-ƒ D-≤-cn-®p. ti-jw ]-c-º-c-bp-sS G-sX-¶n-epw ÿm-\-Øv H-cp \n-th-Z-\-I-≥ am-X-am-bm-epw K-co-_v F-∂v ]-d-bpw.

8. -¿-Zp-¬ ap-Xzv-e-Izv (K-co-_m-b l-Zo-kn-s‚H-cp C-\w): k-\-Zn-s‚ F-√m I-Æn-bn-epw Hm-tcmhy-‡n-I-ƒ am-X-ap-≠m-hp-I. D-Zm: D-ssa-\n-˛-kp-^v-bm-≥-˛-b-lv-bm-˛-ap-l-Ω-Zv-˛-A-¬-J-a-˛-D-a-dp-_v-\p-¬-J-Øm-_v. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Zq-X-≥ ]-d-™p:

9. ^-¿-Zp-¬-\n-k-_n: -K-co-_n-s‚ c-≠m-a-sØC-\w. Iq-Sp-X-¬ B-fp-I-ƒ D-≤-cn-°p-I-bpw H-cp I-Æn-bn-¬ am-Xw H-cp \n-th-Z-\-I-≥ am-X-am-hp-I-bpwsN-øp-I.

10. A-¬-ap-A-√-Izv: _p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw, Xn-¿-an-Zn t]m-ep-≈ l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS A-Sp-Øp-≈ I-Æn-bn-¬ X-s∂ \n-th-Z-I-¿ hn-´p-t]m-hp-I, H-cm-ƒ hn-´p-t]m-hp-∂-Xpw H-cm-fn-¬ Iq-Sp-X-¬ hn-´p-t]m-hp-∂-Xpw Xo-sc ]-c-º-c-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°-epw Xp-ey-am-Wv. D-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-bp-∂p: C-_v-\p-D-a-¿(d)C-]-Im-cw ]-d-™p: _p-Jm-cn(-d) C-_v-\p D-a-¿(-d)-hn-s\ H-cn-°-epw I-≠n-ń-√. C-hn-sS k-\-Zv Xo-sc-bn-√. kz-lo-lv _p-Jm-cn-bn-¬ A-[ym-b-Øn-\p-ti-jw C-]-Im-cw Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ Im-Wmw. C-Xn-

a-\: ]q-¿-h-am-tbm B-I-kv-an-I-am-tbm I-f-hn-¬ tbm-Pn-°-¬ A-kw-`-hy-am-b \n-e-bv-°v \-_n(-kz)-bn-¬\n-∂v [m-cm-fw kz-lm-_n-am-¿ l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-∂p. Cu F-Æw Ip-d-bm-Ø \n-e-bv-°v, l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-®-Xv_p-Jm-cn-bm-sW-¶n-¬ _p-Jm-cn-h-scF-Øp-I. C-_v-\p-am-P-bm-sW-¶n-¬A-t±-lw h-sc-sb-Øp-I. C-S-bv-°v h-¿-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\v hn-tcm-[-an-√.


\v _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS X-Av-eo-Izm-Øv F-∂v ]-d-bpw. C-Xv \n-cp-]m-[n-Iw kzo-Im-cy-a-√.

11. A-¬-ap-Av-Z-¬: ]-c-º-c-bn-¬ c-t≠m A-Xn-e-[n-I-tam \n-th-Z-I-∑m-¿ hn-´p-t]m-b-Xv. D-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-™p. F-t∂m-Sv b-lv-b ]-d-™p. _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS-bpw b-lv-b-bp-sS-bpw C-S-bn-¬ Xp-S-¿-®-bm-bc-≠v \n-th-Z-I-∑m-¿ hn-´p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v.

12. A-¬-ap-≥-Iz-Xn-Av: ]-c-º-c-bn-¬ H-cp \n-th-Z-I-≥ hn-´p-t]m-hp-I A-s√-¶n-¬ H-∂n-¬ Iq-Sp-X-¬B-fp-I-ƒ Xp-S-¿-®-b-√m-sX c-t≠m aq-t∂m ÿ-e-ß-fn-em-bn hn-´p-t]m-hp-I. D-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-™p,F-t∂m-Sv kzp-^v-bm-≥ ]-d-™p. C-hn-sS lp-ssa-Zn \n-th-Z-I-≥ hn-´p-t]m-bn. _p-Jm-cn ]-d-™p, F-t∂m-Sv kzp-^v-bm-≥ ]-d-™p: A-t±-l-tØm-Sv ap-l-Ω-Zv ]-d-™p. C-hn-sS b-lv-b F-∂ hy-‡n hn-´p-t]m-bn. Xp-S-¿-®-b-√m-Ø \n-e-bv-°v c-≠v ÿ-e-ß-fn-em-Wv C-hn-sS hn-´p-t]m-hp-∂-Xv.

13. A-¬-ap-¿-k-¬: Xm-_n-Av kz-lm-_n-sb ]-d-bm-sX \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™p F-∂v ]-d-bp-I. D-Zm:\m-^n-Av(d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) C-]-Im-cw ]-d-™p: \m-^n-Av(d) Xm-_n-Av am-X-am-Wv. A-t∏m-ƒ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-bpw \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS-bpw C-S-bn-¬ kz-lm-_n C-hn-sS hn-´p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v.

14. A-¬-ap-¿-k-ep kz-lm-_n: \-_n(-kz)sbIm-Wp-I-bpw H-scm-‰ l-Zo-kv t]m-epw \-_n-bn-¬\n-∂pw tI-ƒ-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X kz-lm-_n\-_n(-kz)-bn-¬ \n-∂v l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-I. Xz-co-Jv-_v-\p in-lm-_v(d) F-∂ kz-lm-_n kv-Xo-I-ƒ-°v Pp-ap-A \n-¿-_-‘-an-s√-∂v D-≤-cn-®-Xp-t]m-se.C-t±-lw kz-lm-_n-bm-sW-¶n-epw \-_n-bn-¬ \n-∂vl-Zo-kv tI-ń-ń-√.

15. A-¬-au-Izq-^v: kz-lm-_n-bp-sS hm-t°m ]-hr-Øn-tbm Aw-Ko-Im-c-tam B-bn D-≤-cn-°p-∂-h.\-_n(-kz)-bn-te-°v F-Øn-t®-cp-∂n-√. D-Zm: D-a-¿(-d)-H-cp ]m-h-iyw X-s∂ aq-∂v Xz-em-Izv H-∂n-®p sNm-√p-∂-Xv aq-∂m-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-®p. kzlm-_n-bpsShm°p-Iƒ Izp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw t]mse ]am-W-a√ F∂-Xn¬ ]fin-X-∑m¿°v X¿°-an-√.

16. A-¬-a-Izv-Xzq-Av: Xm-_n-D-I-fp-sS-tbm A-Xn-epw Xm-tg-°p-≈-h-cp-sS-tbm hm-°p-am-bn am-Xw D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h. CXpw ]am-W-a√.

17. A-¬-ap-Z-√-kv: \n-th-Z-I-≥ X-t∂m-Sv ]-d-™hy-‡n-bp-sS t]-cv ]-d-bm-sX Xm-≥ tI-ƒ-°m-Øl-Zo-kv t\-cn-´p-tI-ń-´p-s≠-∂v sX-‰n-≤-cn-∏n-®v D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kv C-]-Im-cw sN-øp-∂ \n-th-Z-I-\v ap-Z-√n-kv F-∂v ]-d-bpw.

18. A-¬-ap-¿-k-ep-¬-J-^n-øv: \n-th-Z-I-≥ X-t∂m-Sv ]-d-™ l-Zo-kv ]-d-™ H-tc Im-e-Øv Po-hn-® hy-‡n-sb hn-´v Xm-≥ l-Zo-kv t\-cn-´v tI-´-Xm-sW-∂v sX-‰n-≤-cn-∏n-®v D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kv.

19. A-¬-au-Zzq-Av: I-f-hv ]-d-bp-∂ kz-`m-h-ap-≈\n-th-Z-I-¿ D-≤-cn-°p-∂-h, Izp-¿-B-s‚ B-i-b-Øn-\pw C-kv-em-an-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ X-Xz-ß-ƒ-°pw a-\p-

jy-s‚ kp-hy-‡-am-b _p-≤n-°pw (kz-co-lp-¬ A-Izv-e) A-\p-`-h-⁄m-\-Øn-\pw F-Xn-cm-bn D-≤-cn-°p-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-fpw Cu C-\-Øn-¬ D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.\-_n(-kz)-bp-sS _p-≤n-°v kn-lv-dv _m-[n-®p F-∂v]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kv t]m-se. auZqAv Bb lZo-kp-Iƒ Hcn-°epw kzoIm-cy-a-√.

20. A-¬-a-Jv-eq-_v: H-cp k-\-Zpw th-sdm-cp k-\-Zpw ]-c-kv-]-cw Iq-Sn-°-e-¿-∂-Xv A-s√-¶n-¬ h-N-\-Øn-¬ X-s∂ A-ń-a-dn kw-`-hn-®-Xv. D-Zm: \n-ß-fp-sS C-S-Xp-ssI sN-e-hv sN-øp-∂-Xv h-e-Xp-ssIA-dn-b-cp-sX-∂v \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xm-bn C-amw ap-kv-enw D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kv, kp-Pq-Zn-¬ H-´-Iw ap-´p-Ip-Øp-∂-Xp-t]m-se ap- p-Ip-Ø-cp-sX-∂v hn-tcm-[n-®-ti-jw B-Zyw ssI-h-bv-°-Ww F-∂v \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xm-bn A-_q-Zm-hq-Zpw a-‰pw D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kv.C-hn-sS h-e-Xp-ssI C-S-Xp-ssI-bm-bpw Im-¬-ap-´vssI-I-fm-bpw A-ń-a-dn-™p.

21. A»m-±v: Iq-Sp-X-¬ hn-iz-kv-X-≥ D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kn-\v hn-cp-≤-am-bn hn-iz-kv-X-≥ D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kv.D-Zm: kv-Xo-I-ƒ-°v ho-Sm-Wv D-Ø-aw F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kv. kvXoIsf ]≈n-bn¬\n∂v XS-b-cpXvF∂ IqSp-X¬ i‡-amb lZokv D≠m-bn-cns°im±n\v ]m_-ey-an-√.

22. A-¬-ap-≥-I-¿: hn-iz-kv-X-≥ D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kn-¬ ]-d-bp-∂ B-i-b-Øn-\v F-Xn-cm-bn Zp-¿-_-e-≥ D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kv. D-Zm: kzp-_v-lv \-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-¬ \-_n(-kz) Zp-≥-bm-hn-¬ \n-∂v hn-S-]-d-bp-∂-Xp-h-sc Izp-\q-Xv Hm-Xn F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kv (Zm-d-Izp-Xzv-\n, ss_-l-Izn). \-_n(-kz) _n-kv-an D-d-s°Hm-Xn F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kv (l-Iow, Zm-d-Izp-Xzv-\n). Ch H´pw kzoIm-cy-a-√.

23. A-¬-a-Xv-dq-Iv: \n-th-Z-I-≥ I-f-hv ]-d-bp-sa-∂v D-d-∏v C-s√-¶n-epw km-[y-X-bp-s≠-∂v [-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ \n-th-Z-I-≥ D-≤-cn-°p-∂ l-Zo-kv.

24. A-¬-ap-A-√-¬: _m-ly-am-bn \yq-\-X-I-fn-s√-¶n-epw kq-£v-a \n-co-£-W-Øn-¬ am-Xw \yq-\-X-I-ƒ I-s≠-Øn-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. D-Zm: hn-Xv-dn-¬\-_n(-kz) Izp-\q-Xv Hm-Xn-b-Xm-bn ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. H-tc Im-e-Øv Po-hn-®-h-\pw ]-c-kv-]-cw l-Zo-kv tI-ƒ-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X \n-th-Z-I-\n-¬ \n-∂vt\-cn- v tI-ƒ-°m-Ø H-cp l-Zo-kv t\-cn- vtI- n- p-s≠-∂v [-cn-∏n-°p-∂ ]-Zw D-]-tbm-Kn-®v D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kv D-b-¿-Ø-s∏-´ \n-th-Z-\w sN-bv-X l-Zo-kv. CuC-\w I-≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm-≥ h-f-sc ]-bm-k-am-Wv.

25. A-¬-ap-Zv-Xz-d-_v: ]-c-kv-]-cw B-i-b-Øn-\vhn-cp-≤-am-b cq-]-Øn-¬ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-ø-s∏-´-Xpw G-Xm-Wv i-cn-sb-∂v Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. D-Zm: an-Av-dm-Pn-s‚ cm-Xn-bn-¬ Hm-tcm\-_n-am-sc \-_n(-kz) I≠p-ap-ńb B-Im-i-ß-ƒ\n-¿-W-bn-®v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ.

26. A-¬-ap-Zv-d-Pv(-^n-¬-a-Xv-\n): l-Zo-kn-s‚ B-i-b-Øn-¬ \-_n(kz) ]-d-bm-Ø-Xv \n-th-Z-I-∑m-cp-sS h-I-bm-bn Iq-ń-t®-¿-Øv D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ.


D-Zm: \-_n(kz) A-cp-fn: \n-›-bw F-s‚ k-ap-Zm-bw A-¥y-Zn-\-Øn-¬ hp-Zzp-hn-s‚ A-S-bm-fw Im-c-Ww ap-J-hpw ssI-Im-ep-I-fw ]-Im-in-®n-cn-°pw. A-Xp-sIm-≠v \n-ß-fn-¬ B-¿-s°-¶n-epw X-s‚ tim-` hym-]n-∏n-°m-≥ km-[n-°p-sa-¶n-¬ A-h-\-Xv sN-ø-s´ F-∂ A-h-km-\-`m-Kw \-_n(kz) ]-d-™-X-√. A-Xv l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-∂ A-_q-lpdbv-d(d)bp-sS ]-kv-Xm-h-\-bm-Wv.

27. ap-Zv-d-Pp-¬ C-kv-\m-Zn: ]-c-º-c-bn-¬ C-√m-Ø-h-sc I-S-Øn-°q-´p-I, hy-XykvXamb c-≠v ]-c-º-c-bn-¬ h-∂ l-Zo-kpI-fnse B-i-b-ß-sf H-cp ]-c-º-c-bn-te-°v tN-¿-Øn a-s‰ ]-c-º-c-sb hn-´p-I-f-bp-I.

28. A-¬-ap-Jv-X-e-Xzv: \n-th-Z-I-\v A-h-km-\-Im-e-Øv Hm-¿-a-i-‡n-bn-¬ Ip-d-hv h-cn-I.

29. A-¬-a-¿-^q-Av: kz-lm-_n-hn-´p-t]m-bm-epwC-S-bv-°v ]-c-º-c-hn-´p-t]m-bm-epw ]-c-º-c-bv-°v bm-sXm-cp Ip-g-∏-hp-an-√m-Ø \n-e-bv-t°m H-cp l-Zo-kv\-_n(-kz)-bn-te-°v tN-¿-Øn-s°m-≠v D-≤-cn-°p-I.D-Zm: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ D-t±-iy-a-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv. \-_n(-kz) Zp-lv-¿\m-ev d-Iv-A-Øm-bn \-a-kv-I-cn-®p.

30. A-¬-ap-kv-\-Zv: ]-c-º-c-I-ƒ H-∂pw hn-´p-t]m-Im-sX \-_n(-kz) h-sc F-Øn-b l-Zo-kv A-Y-hma-¿-^q-Av.

31. A-¬-ap-Ø-kzn-¬: ]-c-º-c-bn-¬ C-S-bv-°v I-Æn ap-dn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-I. \-_n(-kz)-bn-te-°v F-Øn-t®-cp-I F-∂ \n-_-‘-\-bn-√. ap-kv-\-Zv-t]m-se. F-√m ap-kv-\-Zpw ap-Ø-kzn-em-Wv. F-√m ap-Ø-kzn-epwap-kv-\-Zv A-√. ]-c-º-c ap-dn-bm-sX kz-lm-_n-bn-te-°v F-Øn-bm-epw ap-Ø-kzn-¬ F-∂p ]-d-bpw.

32. A-¬-ap-A-≥-A-≥: C-∂ B-ƒ C-∂ B-fn-¬-\n-∂v "A-≥' F-∂ ]-Zw ]-tbm-Kn-®p-sh-∂ dn-t∏m-¿-´p-I-ƒ.

33. A-¬-ap-Av-X-^v h-¬ ap-Jv-X-e-^v: \n-th-Z-I-s‚ t]-cv F-gp-Øn-s‚ cq-]-Øn-¬ a-s‰m-cp \n-th-Z-I-s‚ t]-cp-am-bn tbm-Pn-°p-I. D-®m-c-W-Øn-¬ hy-Xym-k-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-I.

34. A-¬-ap-X-im-_n-lv: \n-th-Z-I-≥-am-cp-sS t]-cp-I-ƒ tbm-Pn-°p-I-bpw ]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sS t]-cp-I-ƒ hy-Xym-k-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-I.

35. kzn-b-Kp-¬ A-Zm-Cu: l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-\wsN-øp-∂ co-Xn-I-ƒ. D-Zm: l-±-k-\m-˛-A-≥-_-A-\m-˛-A-Jv-_-d-\m

36. ap-k-¬-k¬: ]-c-º-c-bp-sS H-cp kz-`m-h-am-Wn-Xv. \n-th-Z-I-∑m-¿ ]-c-kv-]-cw G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cpcq-]-Øn-tem A-h-ÿ-bn-tem tbm-Pn-®v h-cn-I. D-Zm: ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n(-kz) X-s‚ Xm-Sn ]n-Sn-®v sIm-≠v A-l-Ω-Zn-t\m-Sv ]-d-™p: A-l-Ω-Zv X-s‚ Xm-Sn-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠v aq-k-tbm-Sv ]-d-™p.

37. A- m-_n-Izv h-√m-ln-Izv: c-≠v \n-th-Z-I-∑m-¿ H-tc D-kv-Xm-Zn-¬ \n-∂v l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ D-≤-cn-°p. Cu c-≠v t]-cn-¬ H-cm-ƒ B-Zyw a-cn-°p-I.

38. A-¬ D-ep-hp-¬ ap-Xzv-e-Jv: H-cp l-Zo-kv c-≠v ]-c-º-c-I-fn-eq-sS D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I. B-cw-`w ap-X-¬-\-_n-h-sc ]-cn-K-Wn-®v t\m-°p-tºm-ƒ H-cp ]-c-º-c-bn-¬ \n-th-Z-I-∑m-cp-sS F-Æw Ip-d-bv-°p-I.Cu Ip-d-™ ]-c-º-c-bp-sS t]-cv \n-th-Z-I-∑m-cp-sSF-Æw Ip-d-bpw-tXm-dpw l-Zo-kn-s‚ i-‡n h-¿-[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

39. A-¬-D-eq-hp-¬ \n-k-_v: c-≠v ]-c-º-c-bn-epw]-kn-≤-\mb H-cp \n-th-Z-I-≥ D-≠m-hp-I. A-bm-fn-te-°v tN-¿-Øn-t\m-°p-∂-Xn-s\ ]-cn-K-Wn-®v H-cp ]-c-º-c-bn-¬ \n-th-Z-I-≥ Ip-d-hv h-cn-I.

40. ap-km-hm-Xv: c-≠v ]-c-º-c-I-fn-se-bpw \n-th-Z-I-∑m-cp-sS F-Æw Xp-ey-am-hp-I.

41. A-Jv-dm-\v: in-jy-\pw D-kv-Xm-Zpw h-b- n-tem]-Z-hn-bn-tem Xp-ey-am-hp-I.

42. ap-Z-∫-Pv: in-jy-≥ D-kv-Zm-Xn-¬ \n-∂pw D-kv-Xm-Zv in-jy-\n-¬ \n-∂pw l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-I.

43. a-Pv-lq-ep-¬ sF-\n: \n-th-Z-I-s\-°p-dn-®vbm-sXm-cp A-dn-hpw C-√m-Xn-cn-°p-I. D-Zm: ap-l-Ω-Zv H-cp ]p-cp-j-\n-¬ \n-∂v \n-th-Z-\w sN-øp-∂p. tπ-Kv tcm-Kw ]n-im-Nm-Wv D-≠m-°p-∂-Xv F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kv t]m-se.

44. a-Pv-lq-ep-¬-lm-en: \n-th-Z-I-s‚ t]-cv A-dn-bp-sa-¶n-epw A-bm-ƒ hn-iz-kv-X-\m-tWm A-√-tbmF-∂v A-dn-bp-I-bn-√. a-c-W-s∏-´-h-s‚ A-Sp-Øp-sh-®v bm-ko-≥ Hm-Xp-hm-≥ ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kv t]m-se(A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) a-kv-Xq-¿ F-∂v C-Xn-\v ]-d-bpw.

45. A-¬-C-Av-Xn-_m-¿: H-‰-s∏-´ l-Zo-kn-s\ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ a-‰p l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ D-t≠m F-∂v ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv Cu t]-cv ]-d-bp-I. C-Xvl-Zo-kn-s‚ H-cp ]-tXy-I C-\-a-√.

46. im-ln-Zv: H-cp l-Zo-kn-s‚ B-i-b-tØm-Sv ]-Z-Øn-epw B-i-b-Øn-epw A-s√-¶n-¬ B-i-b-Øn-¬ am-X-am-tbm tbm-Pn-°p-∂ \n-e-bv-°v a-s‰m-cp kz-

f-Cu- m-b l-Zo-kv sIm-≠v A-a-¬ sN-ø-¬ ]m-Sn-s√-∂v l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-¿G-tIm-]n-∏n-®v ]-d-bp-∂p. ti-jv-T-X hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-¬ C-h A-h-ew-_n-°m-sa-∂v Nn-e I-¿-a im-kv-X-]-fin-X-∑m-¿ am-X-am-Wv ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. C-h-¿ X-s∂ C-Xn-\v aq-∂v hy-h-ÿ-I-fpw \n-¿-tZ-in-°p-∂p-≠v. ]-fin-X-∑m-¿-°v kw-`-hn-°p-∂ ]n-g-hp-I-fn-¬ s]-´-Xm-Wn-Xv. a-Zv-l-_n-s‚C-am-ap-I-ƒ-°n-S-bn-ep-≈ n-∂-X J-_-dp-¬ hm-ln-Zm-b l-Zo-kv kz-lo-lm-bm-¬X-s∂ A-a-¬ sN-øp-hm-≥ C-Xp-sIm-≠v]-‰p-tam F-∂-Xm-Wv.

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lm-_n Iq-Sn l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-I.47. ap-Xm-_n-Av: H-‰-s∏-´ l-Zo-kn-\v ]n-≥-_-e-

am-bn a-s‰m-cp l-Zo-kv Iq-Sn Im-W-s∏-´m-¬ Cu l-Zokn-\v ]-d-bp-∂ t]-cv. ]-c-º-c Zp-¿-_-e-am-b-Xm-sW-¶n-¬ Cu t]-cv ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. [m-cm-fw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ h-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v A-h-sb im-ln-Zm-tbm ap-Xm-_-Ø-Xm-tbm ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.

48. a-lv-^q-Zv: im-lnZn-s‚ hn-]-co-X-am-b-Xv. A-Xm-b-Xv G-‰-hpw hn-izkv-X-\m-b-h-\v F-Xn-cm-bn hn-iz-kv-X-≥ D-≤-cn-®m-¬ G-‰-hpw hn-iz-kv-X-s‚ l-Zo-kn-\v a-lv-^q-fv F-∂pw hn-iz-kv-X-s‚ l-Zo-kn-\v im-±v F-∂pw ]-d-bpw. D-Zm: kv-Xo-I-ƒ ]-≈n-bn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øv P-am-A-Øm-bn \-a-kv-I-cn-°-em-Wv D-Ø-a-sa-∂v A-dn-bn-°p-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-°v a-lv-^q-fv F-∂pw ho-Sm-Wv D-Ø-a-sa-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-°v im±v F-∂pw ]-d-bpw.

49. a-Av-dq-^v: hn-iz-kv-X-\m-b-h-s‚ l-Zo-kn-\vF-Xn-cm-bn Zp-¿-_-e-≥ l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-®m-¬ hn-iz-kv-X-s‚ l-Zo-kn-\v ]-d-bp-∂ t]-cv. D-Zm: kzp-_v-ln-se Jp-\q-Øv A-\m-Nm-c-am-sW-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. kv-Xo-sb kv-]-¿-in-®m-¬ hp-Zq ap-dn-bp-I-bn-s√-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ.

50. ap-≥-I-¿: hn-iz-kv-X-\v F-Xn-cm-bn D-≤-cn-°-s∏-´ Zp-¿-_-e-s‚ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. D-Zm: kzp-_v-lv \-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-¬ \-_n(-kz) ]-Xn-hm-bn Jp-\q-ØvsNm-√n-bn-cp-∂p F-∂v ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. kv-Xo-sb kv-]-¿-in-®m-¬ hp-Zp ap-dn-bp-sa-∂v ]-d-bp-∂l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. C-h Zp-¿-_-e-am-b-Xn-\v ]p-d-sa kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kn-\v F-Xn-cm-hp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. \-_n(-kz) X-dm-ho-lv 23 d-Iv-A-Øv \-a-kv-I-cn-®p, D-a-¿(-d) X-dm-ho-lv 23 d-Iv-A-Øv \-a-kv-I-cn-®p F-∂v]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-fpw Cu C-\-Øn-¬ D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.

51. kz-lo-lp≥ en-Zm-Xn-ln-˛ D-∂-X kz-`m-h Kp-W-ap-≈-h-¿ D-≤-cn-°p-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ im-Zv t]m-epwB-Ip-hm-≥ ]m-Sn-√.

52. kz-lo-lp≥ en-ssK-cn-ln-˛ D-∂-X kz-`mh-Kp-Ww C-s√-¶n-epw hn-iz-kv-X-≥-am-¿ X-s∂ D-≤-cn-°p-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ. Cu Ip-d-hv C-√m-Xm-°p-hm-≥[m-cm-fw kz-lo-lm-b ]-c-º-c-bn-eq-sS X-s∂ Cul-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.

53. l-k≥ -en-Zm-Xn-lo -˛-hn-iz-kv-X-≥-am-¿ D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kn-s\ H-∂p-Iq-Sn i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-≥a-‰p ]-c-º-c-I-ƒ C-√m-Xn-cn-°p-I.

54. l-k-≥ -en-ssK-cn-ln -˛ H-cp l-Zo-kv kz-lm-lo-b-Xm-tWm Zp-¿-_-e-am-tWm F-∂v hy-‡-am-Im-Xn-cp-∂m-¬ B ]-hr-Øn-bn-¬ \n-∂v \n-¿-Øn-sh-°-s∏-Spw. C-Ø-cw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-°pw au-Jq-^v F-∂p]-d-bpw. ti-jw K-l-\-am-b ]-T-\-Øn-\v ti-jw kz-lo-ln-s‚ h-i-Øn-\v ]n-≥-_-ew e-`n-®m-¬ Cu l-Zo-kn-\m-Wv l-k-\pw-en-ssK-cn-ln F-∂p ]-d-bp-I.Iq-Sp-X-¬ Zp-¿-_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ h-∂m-¬ A-Xp kz-lo-ln-s‚ G-sX-¶n-epw C-\-Øn-tem l-k-

\n-s‚ G-sX-¶n-epw C-\-Øn-tem D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.A-Xv Z-Cu-^v(Zp¿_-e¿) X-s∂-bm-Wv. b-Ym-¿-Y-Øn-¬ l-Zo-kn-s\ a-Zv-l-_n-s‚ C-am-ap-I-fpw ]q-¿-hn-I-cm-b an-° l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-cpw kz-lo-lv,f-Cu-^v F-∂n-ß-s\ c-≠m-bn-´v am-X-am-Wv hn-`-P-\w \-S-Øp-∂-Xv. Zp-¿-_-e-am-b H-cp l-Zo-kn-s\ Zp-¿-_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-sIm-≠v l-k-\m-°p-I. A-s√-¶n-¬ k-lo-lm-°p-I, ap-¿-k-ev, ap-≥-J-Xzo-A-v,au-Jq-^v ap-X-em-b Zp-¿-_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-sf \-_n(-k) bn-te-°v D-b-¿-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bpw ]-c-º-c-I-ƒtbm-Pn-®-Xpw A-tXm-sSm-∏w Zp-¿-_-e-am-b-Xp-am-bl-Zo-kp-I-ƒ sIm-≠v kz-lotlm l-k-t\m B-°p-I. Cu ssi-eo ]q-¿-hn-I-cm-b D-kp-ep-¬ l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-fin-X-∑m¿ kzo-I-cn-®n-´n-√. ssiJv A-¬-_m-\n-t]m-ep-≈-h-cp-sS ssi-en-bm-Wn-Xv. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Alm-Zo-kp-kz-lo-l F-∂ K-Ÿ-Øn-sean-° l-Zo-kp-I-fpw kz-lo-lpw l-k-\pw B-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv Cu ssi-en kzo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv. tI-c-f-Øn-se ap-kv-en-bm-°-∑m-cpw Cu ssi-en kzo-I-c-®-Xp Im-Wmw. ap-Pm-ln-Zv ]-fin-X-∑m-¿-°v A-kzo-Im-cy-am-b-Xm-Wn-Xv. D-kp-eq-¬ l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-fin-X-∑m-¿°v A-kzo-Im-cy-am-b-Xm-Wn-Xv. D-kq-ep-¬ l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-fin-X-∑m-cpw Cu ssi-en Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-´n-√.

55. a-Xv-\v kz-lo-lm-I-¬ -˛ k-\-Zv kz-lo-lm-b-Xp-sIm-≠v am-Xw H-cp l-Zo-kv kz-lo-lm-hp-I-bn-√. B-i-bpw Jp-¿-B-\n-epw C-kv-em-an-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ X-Xz-ß-ƒ-°pw a-\p-jy-s‚ kp-hy-‡-am-b_p-≤n-°pw F-Xn-cmhmXn-cn-°p-Ibpw sN-ø-Ww.(C-_v-\p-¬ l-P-dn-¬ A-kv-Jm-em-\n C-amw ss_lIzn, C-amw kp-bq-^v, C-amw iu-Im-\n, C-_v-\p Pu-kn, C-amw Z-l-_n, ssl-Ø-an) C-_v-\p I-ko-¿(d)]-d-bp-∂p. ]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-bn F-∂-Xv l-Zo-kn-s\ kz-lo-lm-°p-I-bn-√. (A-¬-˛-_m-C-kv) a-iv-lq-¿, A-ko-kv, K-co-_v, a-¿-^q-A-v, ap-kv-\-Zv, ap-k-¬-k-e, im-ln-Zv, ap-Xm-_n-A, ap-X-em-b-h-bp-sS ]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-bm-¬ kzo-I-cn-°-s∏-Spw. ap-¿-kp-ep-kz-lm-_n `q-cn-]-£w ]-fin-X-∑m-cpw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p. ap-Z-√n-kn-s‚ A-≥-A-\-Øv kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bn-√. ap-A-√-Jv, ap-A-f-¬, ap-¿-k-¬, ap-fv-Xz-d-_v, ap-Zv-d-Pv, ap-Jv-X-e-Xzv im-±v ap-≥-I-¿ ap-X-em-b-h X-≈-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

f-Cu-^m-b l-Zo-kvsIm-≠v A-a-¬ sN-ø-¬ ]m-Sn-s√-∂v l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ G-tIm-]n-∏n-®v ]-d-bp-∂p. ti-jv-T-X hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-¬ C-h A-h-ew-_n-°m-sa-∂v Nn-e I-¿-a im-kv-X-]-fin-X-∑m-¿ am-X-am-Wv ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. C-h-¿ X-s∂ C-Xn-\v aq-∂v hy-h-ÿ-I-fpw \n-¿-tZ-in-°p-∂p-≠v. ]-fin-X-∑m-¿-°vkw-`-hn-°p-∂ ]n-g-hp-I-fn-¬ s]-´-Xm-Wn-Xv. a-Zv-l-_n-s‚ C-am-ap-I-ƒ-°n-S-bn-ep-≈ n-∂-X J-_-dp-¬hm-ln-Zm-b l-Zo-kv kz-lo-lm-bm-¬ X-s∂ A-a-¬sN-øp-hm-≥ C-Xp-sIm-≠v ]-‰p-tam F-∂-Xm-Wv.

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Ih¿tÃmdn

C-kv-em-an-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\ ]-am-W-ß-fm-Wv hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\pw Xn-cp-kp-∂-Øpw. C-Xv c-≠n-s\-bpw A-h-ew-_n-®m-Wv C-kv-em-an-I hn-izm-k-ß-fpw B-cm-[-\m A-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-fpw kz-`m-h-kw-kv-Im-c ta-J-e-I-fp-sa-√mw cq-]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \-_n(-kz)Po-hn-®-Im-e-Øv A-hn-Sp-∂v ]m-cm-b-Ww sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂ hn-ip-≤Izp-¿-B-≥ hm-Iy-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂pw A-

hn-Sp-sØ \-S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂pw a-Xw ]-Tn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-hn-Sp-sØ in-jy-∑m-¿ sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ hn-hn-[ ]-X-e-ß-fn-epwa-\p-jy-a-\- p-I-fn-epw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn A-h-¿ kq-£n-®n-cp-∂p.

]-hm-N-I-N-cy-bm-I-s´, \-_n(-kz)-bn-¬\n-∂v t\-cn-´v I-≠pwtI´pw ]-Tn-°p-I-bpw ]-I-¿-Øp-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. A-dn-bm-Ø-h-¿ tNm-Zn-®pw A-t\z-jn-®pw a-\- nem-°p-I-bpw A-Xym-h-iy-ap-≈-h A-ev-]m-ev-]-am-bn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-bv-

kn apl-ΩZv keow kp√an

hymP lZo-kp-IƒD¤-hhpw Imc-W-ßfpw

hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥t]m-se \_n(-kz)-bpsS Im e-Øp-Xs∂ l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sSk-am-lm-cw \-S-°m ØXv sIm-≠v X-ev-]-c-I-£n-I-fpw Kq-tVm-t±-iyw D-≈n-sem-fn-∏n-®p-sh-®-h-cpw C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc hn-hn-[ am-¿-K-ß-fn-¬ ]-h-¿-Øn-®-h-cp-sa-√mw A-h-cp-sS A-h-k-c-ß-ƒ D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. hn-hn-[ B-h-iy-ß-ƒ-°m-bn Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cpw \-_n(kz)-bp-sS t]-cn-¬ I-f-hp-I-ƒ ]-d-bp-I-bpw ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \n-jv-I-f-¶-cpw \n-jv-I-]-S-cp-am-b B-fp-I-sf C-Ø-cw I-f-hp-I-fp-sS h-e-bn-¬ s]-Sp-Øm-≥ i-an-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.


°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ B-Zy-¥w ]-hm-N-I-s‚ Im-e-Øp-X-s∂ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw A-_q-_-Iv-dn(-d)s‚ Im-e-Øv A-Xv H-scm-‰ ]p-kv-X-I-am-bn "ap-kzv-l-^v' cq-]-s∏-Sp-I-bpwsN-bv-Xp. ]n-∂o-Sv A-Xn-s‚ ]-I-¿-∏p-I-ƒ F-Sp-Øvhn-hn-[ cm-Py-ß-fn-¬ F-Øn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. C-∂pw A-tX ap-kzv-l-^n-s‚ ]-I-¿-∏p-I-ƒ X-s∂\mw A-h-ew-_n-°p-∂p.

\-_n-N-cy-sb kw-_-‘n-®v C-Ø-c-sam-cp ÿn-Xn D-≠m-bn-√. A-Xv hm-°p-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw ]-hr-Øn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw X-e-ap-d-I-fn-te-°v ssI-am-dp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. F-gp-Ø-dn-bm-hp-∂ G-Xm-\pw Nn-e-¿ kz-Im-cy B-h-iy-ß-ƒ-°m-bn A-h-bn-¬ Nn-e-sX-√mw F-gp-Xn kq-£n-°p-I-bpw ]-Tn-°p-I-bpwsN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw hym-]-I-am-bn F-gp-Xn-kq-£n-®n-cp-∂n-√. H-∂pw c-≠pw \q-‰m-≠v ]n-∂n-´-tXm-sS, \-_n-N-cy ]q-¿-W-am-bn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-°-W-sa-∂ Nn-¥-bpw B-h-iy-hpw h-cn-I-bpw A-Xn\m-bp-≈ i-a-ß-ƒ \-S-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. ImcWw \_n(-kz)-bn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v Zo≥ ]Tn® kzlm-_n-am¿ Cu temI-tØmSv hnS-]-d-™p. \m\m-Zn-°p-I-fnepw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-Iƒ Ckvem-an-te°v IS-∂p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. A°m-esØ ]fin-X-h-cy-∑m-cpsS Bflm¿Yamb ia^-e-am-bn \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS k-am-lm-c-ß-fm-b l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ cq-]-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥t]m-se \_n(-kz)-bpsS Ime-Øp-Xs∂ l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS k-am-lm-cw \-S-°mØXv sIm-≠v X-ev-]-c-I-£n-I-fpw Kq-tVm-t±-iywD-≈n-sem-fn-∏n-®p-sh-®-h-cpw C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc hn-hn-[ am-¿-K-ß-fn-¬ ]-h-¿-Øn-®-h-cp-sa-√mw A-h-cp-sS A-h-k-c-ß-ƒ D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. hn-hn-[ B-h-iy-ß-ƒ-°m-bn Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cpw \-_n(kz)-bp-sSt]-cn-¬ I-f-hp-I-ƒ ]-d-bp-I-bpw ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpwsN-bv-Xp. \n-jv-I-f-¶-cpw \n-jv-I-]-S-cp-am-b B-fp-I-sf C-Ø-cw I-f-hp-I-fp-sS h-e-bn-¬ s]-Sp-Øm-≥ i-an-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-Xn-s‚ -e-am-bn ]n-¬-°m-e-Øv C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-Øv [m-cm-fw A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw A-_-≤-P-Un-e-hpw bp-‡n-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-b B-i-b-ß-fpw ]-N-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

C-Ø-cw A-Sn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-amb Im-cy-ß-fn-¬\n-∂v ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-sØ \-s√m-c-f-thm-fw c-£-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ C-kv-em-an-I ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS I-Tn-\-i-a-ß-ƒ-°v km-[n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. F-¶n-epw C-Ø-cw ssh-I-ey-ß-fp-sS kzm-[o-\w C-∂pw C-kv-em-an-I k-aq-l-Øn-¬ \n-e-\n-¬-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-≈-Xv G-sd Zp:J-I-c-am-b H-c-h-ÿ-X-s∂-bm-Wv. hym-P-l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ \n-¿-an-°p-I-bpw A-Xv ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xn-\v ]-tXy-I-am-b Nn-e km-l-N-cy-ß-fpw Im-c-W-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v N-cn-X-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-¬ \n-∂v \-ap-°v a-\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

hym-P- l-Zo-kv D-¤-hw\-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-kz) h-f-¿-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø A-hn-

Sp-sØ A-cp-a-in-jy-∑m-¿ H-cn-°-epw A-hn-Sp-sØt]-cn-¬ I-f-hv ]-d-bp-I-tbm ]-N-c-∏n-°p-I-tbm sN-øp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. A-h-¿-°m-¿-°pw A-Xn-\p I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. A-h-sc-√mw \o-Xn-am-∑m-cpw k-Xy-k-‘-∑m-cpw hn-iz-kv-X-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Xr-]v-Xn t\-Sn-b-h-sc-∂v A-h-sc hn-ip-≤Izp-¿-B-\n-eq-sS A-√m-lp ]-tXy-Iw ]p-I-gv-Øn-∏-d-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-h-cm-Wv (9:100). C-Xn-\p-]p-d-saXn-cp-Zq-X-cp-sS t]-cn-¬ I-f-hp ]-d-bp-∂-Xv A-tß-b-‰w Kp-cp-X-c-am-b Ip-‰-am-bn A-h-¿ a-\- n-em-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. F-s‚ ta-¬ t_m-[-]q-¿-hwI-f-hv ]-d-bp-∂-h-¿ \-c-I-Øn-¬ A-h-s‚ ÿm-\wH-cp-°n-s°m-≈-s´'' (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw) F-∂ \-_n-h-N-\w G-sXm-cp hn-izm-kn-bp-sS-bpw a-\- n-¬ C-Sn-ap-g-°w kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. A-t∏m-ƒ, A-hn-Sp-sØ ]-Y-a in-jy-∑m-cm-b kz-lm-_n h-cy-∑m-¿ C-Xn-¬ F-X-tØm-fw kq-£v-a-X ]p-e-¿-Øn-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v Hm-¿-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. ]-hm-N-Iin-jy-\m-b _-dm-Av-_v-\p-¬ B-kn-_v(-d) ]-d-bp-∂-Xv t\m-°p-I. R-ß-sf-√m-h-cpw \-_n(-kz)-bn-¬ \n-∂v l-Zo-kv tI-ƒ-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. R-ß-ƒ-s°-√mw tPm-en-bpw Ip-Spw-_ _m-[y-X-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. P-\-ß-ƒ-°v I-f-hv ]-d-bm-\-dn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. A-h-¿ Xn-cp-Zq-X-cp-sS k-∂n-[n-bn-¬ \n-∂v ]-Tn-®-Xv lm-P-cn-√m-Ø-h-¿-°v F-Øn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv (ss_-l-Izn)

F-∂m-¬, ]n-¬-°m-e-Øv C-Xn-¬ am-‰-ß-ƒ h-∂p-Xp-S-ßn. P-\-ß-ƒ- ]-e `m-K-ß-fn-te-°pw bm-X t]m-hp-I-bpw A-hn-S-ß-fn-¬ C-kv-emw ]-N-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-tXm-sS [m-cm-fw B-fp-I-ƒ C-kv-em-an-te-°v I-S-∂p-h-∂p. Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bn-epw km-l-N-cy-ß-fn-epw h-∂ Cu am-‰w Cu ta-J-e-bn-epw ]-Xy-£-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn. aq-∂mw J-eo-^ D-kv-am-≥(-d)-hn-s‚ h-[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn C-kv-em-an-I k-aq-

]-hm-N-I in-jy-\m-b _-dm-Av-_v-\p-¬ B-kn-_v(-d) ]-d-bp-∂-Xv t\m-°p-I. R-ß-sf-√m-h-cpw \-_n(-kz)-bn-¬\n-∂v l-Zo-kv tI-ƒ-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. R-ß-ƒ-s°-√mw tPm-en-bpwIp-Spw-_ _m-[y-X-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.P-\-ß-ƒ-°v I-f-hv ]-d-bm-\-dn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. A-h-¿ Xn-cp-Zq-X-cp-sS k-∂n-[n-bn-¬ \n-∂v ]-Tn-®-Xv lm-P-cn-√m-Ø-h-¿-°v F-Øn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂psN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv (ss_-l-Izn)

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l-Øn-¬ ]p-Xn-b co-Xn-bn-ep-≈ tN-cn-Xn-cn-hp-I-ƒ]-Xy-£-s∏-´p. C-Xn-s‚ -e-am-bn ]-c-kv-]-cw A-I-∂pw t]m-c-Sn-®pw \n-∂ hn-`m-K-ß-ƒ X-ß-fp-sS\n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf \ym-bo-I-cn-°m-\pw km-[q-I-cn-°m-\pw ]-hm-N-I-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS t]-cn-¬ I-f-hp-I-ƒ]-d-™p-≠m-°m-\pw Xp-S-ßn. C-kv-em-an-¬-\n-∂v A-I-∂ I-£n-I-fm-Wv C-Xn-s\-√mw t\-Xr-Xzw sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. C-_v-\p-A-∫m-kv(-d)-hn-s‚ hm-°p-I-ƒ i-≤n-°p-I. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Zq-X-¿ ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v ]-d-™p-sIm-≠v B-sc-¶n-epw kw-km-cn-®m-¬ R-ß-f-Xn-te-°v I-Æpw Im-Xpw \-ev-In i-≤n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m-¬ P-\-ß-ƒ sX-‰n-s‚-bpwi-cn-bp-sS-Xp-am-b am-¿-K-ß-fn-te-°v I-S-∂p-sN√m-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-tXm-sS P-\-ß-fn-¬\n-∂v R-ß-ƒ kzo-I-cn-°m-Ø A-h-ÿ-h-∂p. (ap-J-±n-a-Øp ap-kv-enw)

Nn-e Im-c-W-ß-ƒA-√m-lp-hn-s‚ d-kq-¬(-kz) ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p

F-∂v ]-d-™p-sIm-≠v H-cp-Im-cyw ]-d-bp-tºm-ƒ A-Xn-\p e-`n-°p-∂ kzo-Im-cy-X-bm-Wv hym-P-l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ]-N-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v Im-cy-ß-ƒ km-[n-s®-Sp-°m-≥ t]-c-I-am-b-Xv. A-√m-lp ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v ]-d-bp-tºm-ƒ A-Xv hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-≥ ]-cn-tim-[n-®m-¬ Xo-cp-am-\n-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-∂ Im-cy-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-¬ A-Xn-em-cpw A-X-X-s∂ i-≤-sIm-Sp-Øn-√. \-_n-N-cy ]q-¿-W-am-bpw k-am-l-cn®n-√ F-∂ Im-c-Ww-sIm-≠v am-Xw A-Xv ap-X-se-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p Zp-jv-S-em-°p-≈-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv.

cm-jv-So-b-hpw hw-io-b-hpw hn-`m-Ko-b-hpw I-£n-]-c-hpw a-Zv-l-_v ]-c-hp-am-b Im-c-W-ß-ƒ-°v ]p-d-sa a-X-\n-tj-[n-I-fpw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw kn-¬-_-‘n-I-fpw Xp-S-ßn I-Ym-Im-c-∑m-cpw F-√mw A-h-cp-tS-Xm-b ]-¶v C-Xn-¬ h-ln-®n-´p-≠v. k-¿-thm]-cn a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b `-‡-∑m-¿ P-\-ß-fn-¬ hn-izm-k-hpw B-cm-[-\-hpw h-¿-[n-∏n-°m-≥ D-t±-in-®p-

sIm-≠v ]p-Wy-I-¿-a-ß-ƒ F-∂ t]-cn-¬ [m-cm-fwB-cm-[-\-I-ƒ ]-S-®p-≠m-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]pWy-I-¿-a-ß-fn-te-°v P-\-ß-sf t]-cn-∏n-°m-≥ F-∂\n-e-°v sN-dn-b sN-dn-b Im-cy-ß-ƒ-°p-t]m-epw h-ºn-® ]-Xn-^-ew hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-øp-∂ \-_n-h-N-\-ß-ƒ ]-d-™p-≠m-°n. C-ß-s\ F-√mw-sIm-≠pw\-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]-cn-¬ [m-cm-fw I-f-hp-I-ƒ k-aq-l-a-[y-Øn-¬ ]-N-cn-®p.

cm-jv-So-b Xm-ev-]-cy-ß-ƒ-°p-th-≠n]-hm-N-I-s‚ Im-e-ti-jw \m-ep -J-eo-^-am-¿

C-kv-em-an-I Jn-em-^-Øv \-S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-Xn-s\-Øp-S-¿-∂v h-∂ D-a-ho-Im-e-L-´-hpw A-∫m-kn-bm Im-e-L-´-hpw A-[n-Im-c-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈a-’-c-ß-ƒ \-S-∂ L-´-ß-fm-Wv. Cu a-’-c-Øn-¬Hm-tcm I-£n-bpw X-ß-fp-sS A-[n-Im-cw \-_n(kz)]-h-Nn-®-X-\p-k-cn-®p-≈-Xm-sW-∂v h-cp-Øn-Øo-¿-°m-≥ i-an-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. C-Xn-\m-bn \-_n-h-N-\-ß-ƒ N-a-®p-≠m-°p-I-bm-Wv Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cpw sN-bv-X-Xv.

D-a-ho -c-W-Øn-s∂-Xn-sc A-Y-hm _-\q D-a-øtKm-X-Øn-s∂-Xn-sc ]-N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´ \-_n-h-N-\-ß-fp-sS cq-]w t\m-°p-I. ap-B-hn-b-sb ss_-A-Øv sN-bv-X-ti-jw A-en(-d)-hn-s‚ ]p-X-≥ l-k-≥(-d)-hn-s‚ t\-sc sN-∂p-sIm-≠v H-cm-ƒ ]-d-™p:Xm-¶-ƒ ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS ap-Jw h-j-fm-°n. C-Xp-tI-´ l-k-≥(-d) ]-d-™p. \o F-s∂ B-t£-]n°-cp-Xv. \-_n(-kz) _-\q- D-a-ø-sb X-s‚ an-º-dn-¬(kz-]v-\-Øn-¬) Im-Wp-I-bpw A-Xv A-hn-Sp-tØ-°v ]-bm-k-ap-≠m-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. A-t∏m-ƒ A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv ôKƒµdG ∑Éæ«£YCG ÉfEG F-∂ A-[ym-b-hpw Q~≤dG á∏«d ‘ √ÉædõfCG ÉfEG F-∂ A-[ym-b-hpw A-h-X-cn-®-Xv. ap-l-Ω-Zv, Xm-¶-ƒ-°p-ti-jw _-\q-D-a-ø A-[n-Im-cw I-ø-S-°pw(-Xn-¿-an-Zn). C-tX-t]m-se a-s‰m-cp dn-t∏m-¿-´v t\m-°p-I. d-kq-¬(-kz) l-I-ap-_v-\pA-_p-¬-B-kzn-s‚ a-°-ƒ Ip-c-ßn-s\-t∏m-se X-s‚ an-º-dn-te-°v Nm-Sn-°-b-dp-∂-Xv (kz-]v-\-Øn¬)-Im-Wp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-Xv A-hn-Sp-tØ-°v h-en-b]-bm-k-ap-≠m-°n. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw A-hn-Sp-∂v a-cn-°p-thm-fw H-cn-°-epw Nn-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-´n-√. Cuhn-j-b-Øn-¬ A-√m-lp

AGô°`SE’G) ¢SÉæ∏`d áæàa ’G ∑Éæ`jQCG »àdG ÉjDhôdG Éæ∏©L É`eh(áfƒ©∏ŸG Iôé°ûdG)

F-∂ B-b-Øv A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p. (C-_v-\p-P-co-¿).Cu kq-‡-Øn-¬ X-s∂ Xp-S-¿-∂v ]-cm-a-¿-in-°p-∂ i-]n-°-s∏-´ hr-£w (áfƒ©∏ŸG Iôé°ûdG) F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv _-\q D-a-ø-bm-sW-∂v hym-Jym-\n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ dn-t∏m-¿-´p-I-fpw h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn.

F-∂m-¬ C-Xn-\v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn A-∫m-ko -c-W-Iq-S-sØ-°p-dn-® k-t¥m-j-hm-¿-Ø-b-dn-bn-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ [m-cm-fw "\-_n-h-N-\'ß-fpw C-Xp-t]m-se ]-Nm-c-Øn-¬ h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. Nn-e-Xv t\m-

C-_v-\p-A-∫m-kv(-d)-hn-s‚hm-°p-I-ƒ i-≤n-°p-I.A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Zq-X-¿]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v]-d-™p-sIm-≠v B-sc-¶n-epwkw-km-cn-®m-¬ R-ß-f-Xn-te-°vI-Æpw Im-Xpw \-ev-In i-≤n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m-¬ P-\-ß-ƒ sX-‰n-s‚-bpw i-cn-bp-sS-Xp-am-b am-¿-K-ß-fn-te-°v I-S-∂p-sN√m-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-tXm-sSP-\-ß-fn-¬\n-∂v R-ß-ƒkzo-I-cn-°m-Ø A-h-ÿ-h-∂p.(ap-J-±n-a-Øp ap-kv-enw).............................................................................

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°p-I.H-cn-°-¬ \-_n(-kz) A-∫m-kn-(d)t\m-Sv ]-d-

™p: \n-ß-fp-sS Iq-´-Øn-¬ \n-∂m-Wv ]-hm-N-I-Xz-hpw A-[n-Im-c-hpw (ss_-l-Izn). a-s‰m-cn-°-¬\-_n (kz) A-∫m-kn-s\ hn-fn-®v A-t±-l-sØ H-cp h-kv-X-a-Wn-bn-®v A-t±-l-Øn-\pw ]n-∂o-Sv h-cp-∂ a-°-ƒ-°pw th-≠n Zo-¿-L-am-bn ]m-¿-Yn-®p. A-Xn-¬ Jn-em-^-Øv A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Ip-Spw-_-]-c-º-c-bn-¬ \n-e-\n-¿-Øm-≥-th-≠n-bpw ]m-¿-Yn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn (Xn-¿-an-Zn). a-s‰m-cp-\-_n-h-N-\w t\m-°p-I.\-_n(-kz) A-∫m-kn-s\ t\m-°n-s°m-≠v ]-d-™p.C-Xv F-s‚ ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-c-\m-Wv. \m-ev-]-Xv J-eo-^-am-cp-sS ]n-Xm-hv. Izp-ssd-in-I-fn-se G-‰-hpwh-en-b D-Zm-c-≥, G-‰-hpw kp-µ-c-\pw. C-t±-l-Øn-s‚ a-°-fm-Wv k-^v-^m-lv, a-≥-kzq-¿, a-lv-Zn F-∂n-h-¿. ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-cm, F-∂n-eq-sS A-√m-lpCu Im-cyw Xp-d-∂p. C-\n Xm-¶-fp-sS H-cp ]p-X-\n-eq-sS C-Xv A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ip-bw sN-øpw. a-‰p Nn-e dn-t∏m-¿-´p-I-fn-¬ A-∫m-kv Ip-Spw-_-Øn-¬ \n-∂v A-[n-Im-cw Xp-S-ßn A-Xv Cu-km-\ _n-bn-¬ F-Øp-thm-fw \o-≠p-\n-¬-°p-sa-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bn Im-Wmw (Z-bv-e-an)

io-B hn-`m-Kw A-∫m-kn-b, Jn-em-^-Øn-s\-Xn-sc Xn-cn-bm-Xn-cn-°m-≥ N-a-®p-≠m-°n-b Nn-e h-N-\-ß-fpw c-k-I-c-am-Wv. C-h-bn-e-[n-I-hpw A-en(-d) X-s∂ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-øp-∂-tXm A-en-bp-sS km-∂n-[y-Øn-¬ \-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bn a-‰p-≈-h-¿dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-øp-∂ cq-]-Øn-tem B-Wv. A-en(-d)X-s∂ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-øp-∂-Xm-bn ]-d-bp-∂ H-∂n-¬Pn-_v-cn-¬(-A) H-cn-°-¬ I-dp-Ø-X-e-∏m-hpw I-dp-Ø h-kv-X-hp-a-Wn-™v \-_n(-kz)bp-sS A-cn-sIh-∂p. C-Xv F-¥m-Wv C-ß-s\ ]-Xn-hn-√m-Ø th-j-Øn-¬ F-∂v tNm-Zn-®-t∏m-ƒ Pn-_v-co-¬ ]-d-™-Xv C-Xv A-∫m-kn-s‚ a-°-fp-sS cm-P-Io-b th-j-am-Wv F-∂m-Wv. a-s‰m-cn-°-¬ A-en-bp-sS km-∂n-[y-Øn-¬ sh-®v \-_n(-kz) A-∫m-kn-t\m-Sv ]-d-™p: A-[n-Im-cw Xm-¶-fp-sS a-°-fn-em-bn-cn-°pw.F-∂n-´v A-en-bp-sS t\-sc-Xn-cn-™p ]-d-™p. \n-s‚ a-°-fn-¬ B-¿-°pw C-Xv e-`n-°p-I-bn-√. C-ß-s\ th-sd-bpw dn-t∏m-¿-´p-I-fp-≠v.

C-Xn-\v hn-cp-≤-am-b \-_n-h-N-\-ß-fpw [m-cm-fwdn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-ø-s∏-´-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xm-bn Yu-_m-≥ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-øp-∂p. A-∫m-kv Ip-Spw-_-Øn-\v \m-iw. A-h-sc I-dp-∏v hkv-X-a-Wn-bn-®p. \-c-I-Øn-se h-kv-X-am-Wv A-√m-lp[-cn-∏n-®-Xv. A-h-cp-sS \m-iw, C-h-cp-sS Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se H-cm-ƒ h-gn-bm-bn-cn-°pw F-∂p ]-d-™p-sIm-≠v D-Ωp-l-_o-_-bp-sS t\-sc \-_n(-kz) Nq-≠n. I-dp-Ø ]-Xm-I-bp-sS B-Zyw n-Xv-\-bpw a[yw]-bm-k-hpw A-h-km-\w \m-i-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v]-d-bp-∂ th-sd-bpw dn-t∏m-¿-´p-I-fp-≠v. (hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-Øn-\v kp-bq-Xzn-bp-sS Xm-co-Jp-¬ Jp-e-^m-Avt\m-°p-I). C-ß-s\ c-jv-So-b Xm-ev-]-cy-ß-ƒ-°p-

th-≠n Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cpw \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]-cn-¬[m-cm-fw I-f-hp-I-ƒ ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

a-X-\n-tj-[n-I-ƒC-kv-em-an-s‚ A-Sn-ÿ-m-\ ]-am-W-ß-fm-b hn-

ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-t\m-Spw Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS ]-kv-Xm-h-ß-tfm-Spw H-´pw tbm-Pn-°m-Ø bp-‡n-iq-\y-hpwhn-Uv-Vn-Ø--hp-am-b B-i-b-ß-ƒ hn-izm-kn-I-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv C-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv. C-kv-em-an-s\ A-¿-Y-iq-\y-am-°n P-\-ß-sf A-Xn-¬\n-∂v A-I-‰p-I F-∂-Xm-Wv C-h-¿ C-Xp-sIm-≠v e-£y-am-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. km-am-\y-_p-≤n-bpw a-\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-bpw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-Ø H-´-\-h-[n Im-cy-ß-ƒ C-h-¿ \-_n-h-N-\-ß-ƒ F-∂ t]-cn-¬ ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. C-h-cp-sS D-]-Z-h-ß-ƒ Im-c-WwA-∫m-kn -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fn-¬ Nn-e-¿ C-Ø-cw B-fp-I-sf I-≠p-]n-Sn-®v h-[n-®p-I-f-bp-I h-sc-bp-≠m-bn. C-h-cn-¬ Nn-e-¿ A-∫m-kn-I-ƒ-s°-Xn-cn-epw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ D-≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. C-amw kp-bq-Xzn A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Xm-co-Jp-¬ Jp-e-^m-C-¬ D-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv t\m-°p-I (]p-dw 216).

lm-dq-≥ A-¬-d-io-Zv H-cp a-X-\n-tj-[n-sb h-[n-°m-≥ I-ev-]n-®p. D-S-s\ A-h-≥ tNm-Zn-®p. F-¥n-\m-Wv F-s∂ h-[n-°p-∂-Xv? lm-dq-≥ d-io-Zv ]-d-™p. P-\-ß-ƒ-°v \n-∂n-¬-\n-∂v c-£-In-´m-≥. A-t∏m-ƒ A-h-≥ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. Xm-¶-ƒ F-¥v hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂p. Rm-≥ ]-hm-N--I-s‚ t]-cn-¬ B-bn-cw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ \n-¿-an-®n-´p-≠v. A-Xn-¬ H-c-£-cw-t]m-epw]-hm-N-I-≥ ]-d-™-X-√. C-Xp-tI-´ lm-dq-≥- d-io-Zv ]-d-™p. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ i-Xp-th \n-s‚ I-Y-sb-¥m-Wv? A-sX-√mw A-£-cw-]-Xn A-_q-C-kv-lm-Jv A-¬-^-km-cn-bpw A-_v-Zp-√m-ln-_v-\p-ap-_m-d-Ipw th-¿-Xn-cn-®p-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂p'' (C-_v-\p-A-km-In-¿)

C-Øcw- \n-¿-an-Xn-I-sf-√mw A-∂-sØ a-lm-]-fin-X-∑m-¿ th-¿-Xn-cn-®p-sh-®p F-∂p-≈-Xv F-¥p-am-Xw A-\p-K-l-]q-¿-W-am-b H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv. Nn-e \n-tj-[n-I-ƒ X-s‚ A-[ym-]-I-s‚ K-Ÿ-ß-fn-

C-kv-em-an-s‚ A-Sn-ÿ-m-\ ]-am-W-ß-fm-b hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-t\m-Spw Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS ]-kv-Xm-h-ß-tfm-Spw H-´pwtbm-Pn-°m-Ø bp-‡n-iq-\y-hpw hn-Uv-Vn-Ø--hp-am-b B-i-b-ß-ƒ hn-izm-kn-I-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv C-h-¿ sN-bv-X-Xv. C-kv-em-an-s\ A-¿-Y-iq-\y-am-°n P-\-ß-sf A-Xn-¬ \n-∂v A-I-‰p-I F-∂-Xm-Wv C-h-¿ C-Xp-sIm-≠ve-£y-am-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

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¬ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ A-i-≤-bn-¬ C-Øcw I-≈l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ I-S-Øn-°q-´n-b-Xm-bpw dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-øs∏-´n-´p-≠v. H-cp-\n-tj-[n- \m-\q-dv l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ\-_n-bp-sS t]-cn-¬ N-a-®-Xmbn X-t∂m-Sv k-Ω-Xn-®p-sh-∂v A-∫m-kn Im-e-L-´-Øn-se -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-b a-lv-Zn ]-d-bp-∂p. C-Ø-cw I-≈-]-Nm-c-W-ß-ƒ F-¥p-am-Xw h-en-b D-]-Z-h-am-Wv C-kv-em-an-I k-aq-l-Øn-\v h-cp-Øn-sh-®n-´p-≈-Xv!

I-Ym-Im-c-∑m-¿I-Y P-\-ß-sf B-I-¿-jn-°p-∂ Im-cy-am-Wv. I-

Y-bm-bn ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-te-°v P-\-ß-fp-S i-≤ s]-s´-∂v Xn-cn-bpw. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]-cn-¬ I-Y-bp-≠m-°n A-h-X-cn-∏n-®v P-\-k-Ωn-Xn t\-Sp-I-bpw A-Xn-eq-sS Po-hn-tXm-]m-[ntX-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ Nn-e-cm-Wv C-Ø-cw B-fp-I-ƒ. H- pw hn-iz-k-\o-b-a-√m-Ø Im-cy-ß-ƒ \-_n(kz)]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v ]-d-™v A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºm-ƒ km-[m-c-W-°m-cm-b B-fp-I-ƒ A-h-cn-te-°v i-≤ sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Im-cy-ß-ƒ th-¿-Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-≥ am-Xw hn-th-I-hpw A-dn-hp-an-√m-Ø-h-¿ C-sX-√mw t\-cm-sW-∂ [m-c-W-bn-¬ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. C-Ø-cw I-Ym-Im-c-∑m-¿ ]-S-®p-hn-´ \-_n-h-N-\-ß-fpw kp-e-`-am-Wv. C-_v-\p-¬-Pu-kn D-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv t\m-°p-I. A-_v-Zp-¬-h-eoZv A-Øz-bm-e-kn ]-d-™p. Rm-≥ ip-A-_-tbm-sSm-∂n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-t∏m-ƒ H-cp bp-hm-hv h-∂p. F-∂n-´v l-Zo-kv tNm-Zn-®p. A-t∏m-ƒ ip-Av-_ A-h-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn-®p. \o I-Ym-Im-c-\m-tWm?A-h-≥. A-sX. A-t∏m-ƒ ip-Av-_ ]-d-™p. t]mhp-I. \mw I-Ym-Im-c-∑m-tcm-Sv l-Zo-kv ]-d-bm-dn-√.A-h-¿ H-cp Nm-¨ \o-f-ap-≈ l-Zo-kv H-cp-ap-g-am-°n am-‰pw. (øjQƒcòŸG ¢UÉ°ü≤dG) F-∂ K-Ÿ-Øn-¬ D-≤-cn-®-Xv)

I-Ym-Im-c-∑m-¿-°v s]m-Xp-P-\-ß-fn-ep-≈ kzm-

[o-\w hy-‡-am-°p-∂ a-s‰m-cp kw-`-hw t\m-°p-I. C-amw A-_q-l-\o-^-bp-sS am-Xm-hv H-cp hn-j-b-Øn-¬ a-X-hn-[n tX-Sn-b-t∏m-ƒ A-_q-l-\o-^ X-s∂ A-h-¿-°v ^-Xv-h sIm-Sp-Øp. F-∂m-¬, am-Xm-hv A-Xv kzo-I-cn-®n-√. A-h-¿ ]-d-™p. I-Ym-Im-c-\m-b k-¿-A ]-d-bp-∂-X-√m-sX Rm-≥ kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bn-√. D-S-s\ D-Ω-sb-bpw sIm-≠v A-_q-l-\o-^ A-hn-sS-sN-∂p. A-_q-l-\o-^ hn-j-bwA-h-X-cn-∏n-®p. D-S-s\ k-¿-A ]-d-™p. Xm-¶-ƒX-s∂ hn-[n ]-d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. Xm-¶-fm-Wv F-t∂-°m-ƒ Iq-Sp-X-¬ hn-h-c-ap-≈-bm-ƒ. A-t∏m-ƒA-_q-l-\o-^ ]-d-™p. Rm-≥ C-ß-s\-sb-√m-am-Wv hn-[n F-∂v ]-d-™p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. C-Xp-tI-´vk-¿-A ]-d-™p. A-_q-l-\o-^ ]-d-™-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bm-Wv Rm-\pw ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. C-tXm-sS D-ΩXr-]v-X-bm-hp-I-bpw a-S-ßn-t∏m-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

a-lm-]-fin-X-\m-b A-_q-l-\o-^-bp-sS am-Xm-hn-s‚ Im-cyw-t]m-epw C-ß-s\-bm-sW-¶n-¬ a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS I-Y ]-d-tb-≠-Xp-t≠m? P-\-ß-sf \-∑-bn-te-°v t]-cn-∏n-°p-I F-∂ D-t±-iy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw I-Y-I-ƒ sa-\-™p-≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m-¬ G-Xp-t±-iy-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂m-epw \-_n-(kz)bp-sS t]-cn-¬ C-√m-Ø-Xv ]-d-bp-I-sb-∂-Xv A-Xo-h-Kp-cp-X-c-am-b Im-cyw X-s∂-bm-Wv.

ta-¬-]-d-™ Im-c-W-ß-ƒ-s°-√mw ]p-d-sa a-‰pNn-e Im-c-W-ß-fpw hym-P-l-Zo-kv \n-¿-am-W-Øn-\vt]-c-I-am-bn-´p-≠v. a-Zv-l-_v ]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-hpw I-¿-a-im-kv-X-`n-∂-X-I-fpw C-Xn-¬ ]-[m-\-am-Wv. C-amwim-^n-Cu(-d)-sb-°p-dn-®v \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xm-bn]-d-bp-∂ Hcp hymPdn-t∏m-¿-´v t\m-°p-I. ""F-s‚k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-¬ ap-l-Ω-Zp-_v-\p C-Zv-co-kv(C-amw im-^n-Cu) F-s∂m-cm-ƒ D-≠m-Ipw. A-bm-ƒ C-_v-eo-kn-s\-°m-ƒ F-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\v D-]-Z-h-am-bn-cn-°pw.'' C-Xn-s\ Xp-S-¿-∂ph-cp-∂ hm-N-Iw B-cm-Wv C-Xp-≠m-°n-b-sX-∂v t_m-[y-am-°p-∂ X-c-Øn-em-Wv. ""A-_q-l-\o-^ F-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ sI-Sm-hn-f-°m-Wv'' C-ß-s\ I-£n-I-ƒ-°p-th-≠n-bpw I-¿-a-im-kv-X ho-£-W-hy-Xym-k-ß-ƒ-°-\p-k-cn-®pw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ]-S-®p-≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

C-h-sb-√mw Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂ hn-[w l-Zo-kv kzo-Im-c-˛-Xn-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v A-Sn-ÿ-m-\-am-bn h-¿-Øn-t°-≠ \n-Zm-\-im-kv-Xw A-°m-e-Øp-X-s∂ ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ cq-]o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw P-\-ß-sf C-Ø-cw Ir-Xnaßƒ Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\m-h-iy-am-b am-¿-K-tc-J \-¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. C-Xn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ C-∂pw \-ap-°v I-≈-t®-cp--h-I-ƒ Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂p. F-∂m-¬, Zp-jv-S-em-°p-I-ƒ Ch X-s∂ tX-Sn-∏n-Sn-®v ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-sh-∂p-≈-Xv G-sd Zp:J-I-c-am-Wv. C-Ø-cw hym-P-\n-¿-an-Xn-I-fp-sS Zp- zm-[o-\w ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-Øn-¬ C-∂pw \n-e-\n-¬-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-≈-Xv ]-t_m-[-\-cw-K-Øv ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-∂-h-sc D-W-¿-∂p Nn-¥n-°m-≥t]-cn-∏n-t°-≠ Im-cy-am-Wv. #

I-Y P-\-ß-sf B-I-¿-jn-°p-∂ Im-cy-am-Wv. I-Y-bm-bn ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-te-°v P-\-ß-fp-S i-≤ s]-s´-∂v Xn-cn-bpw. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]-cn-¬ I-Y-bp-≠m-°n A-h-X-cn-∏n-®v P-\-k-Ωn-Xn t\-Sp-I-bpw A-Xn-eq-sS Po-hn-tXm-]m-[n tX-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ Nn-e-cm-Wv C-Ø-cw B-fp-I-ƒ. H-´pw hn-iz-k-\o-b-a-√m-Ø Im-cy-ß-ƒ \-_n(kz) ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v ]-d-™vA-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºm-ƒ km-[m-c-W-°m-cm-b B-fp-I-ƒ A-h-cn-te-°v i-≤sIm-Sp-°p-∂p..............................................................................

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Ih¿tÃmdn

F A_vZp- emw kp√an

lZo-kp-Iƒ \_n(-kz) ]d-™-Xmbnÿncs∏-Sp∂sX-ßs\?

tNm-Zyw 1. H-cp l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-bn (ÿn-c-s∏-´p) F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠pamXw ]-kv-Xp-X l-Zo-kv \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xm-bn ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-sa-∂ l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-¿]-kv-Xm-hn-®n-´p-t≠m? ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√m F-∂-Xv l-Zo-kn-s\ \n-tj-[n-°p-hm-≥ ]n-¬-°m-e ]-fin-X-∑m-¿\n-¿-an-®p-≠m-°n-b A-h-cp-sS hmZ-ßfmtWm?

D-Ø-cw: C-_v-\p-l-P-dn-¬ ssl-X-an(-d) ]dbp-∂p:

ihÉàØ`dG) ÏŸG áë``°U OÉ°ùfE’G áë`°U øe Ωõ∏j ’ ¬fEÉa(á«ãj~◊G ihÉàØdG)

H-cp l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-bn F-∂-Xvl-Zo-kn-¬ ]-d-bp-∂ B-i-bw (a-Xv-\n-s\) kz-lo-lm-hp-I F-∂-Xn-s\ Xo-¿-®-b-bpw \n-¿-_-‘-am-°p-∂n-√ (A-¬-^-Xm-h-¬ l-Zo-kn-ø, t]-Pv 141)

C-amw kp-bq-Yn(-d) ]-d-bp-∂p

‘ Qô≤J É`Ÿ ÏŸG áë°U OÉæ°SC’G áë°U øe Ωõ∏j ⁄ ¬fCÉH(ihÉàØ∏d …hÉ◊G) åj~◊G Ωƒ∏Y

Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw H-cp l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-c-º-c(-k-\Zv)ÿn-c-s∏-´p F-∂-Xv l-Zo-kn-¬ ]-d-bp-∂ kw-K-Xn

lZo-kp-Iƒ°v k\-Zv, aXv\v F∂n-ßs\ c≠v mK-ß-fp-≠v. \_n(-kz) ]d™hm°p-Itfm ]hr-Øn-Itfm BWv aXv\v. \_n(-kz)-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ kzlm_napX¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-h-bv°p∂ apl-±nkv hsc-bp≈ dnt∏m¿´¿am-cpsS ]c-º-c-bmWv k\-Zv. k\Zpw aXv\pw Hcp-t]mse Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ amXtaA°mcyw \_n-N-cy-bmbn ÿnc-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q. C∆n-j-b-I-ambn ][m-\-s∏´Nne Imcy-ßƒ tNmtZym-Øc cq]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv teJ-I≥.


ÿn-c-s∏´-Xm-Ip-I F-∂-Xn-s\ A-\n-hm-cy-am-°p-∂n-√. l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\-Øn-¬ ÿn-c-s∏-´ X-Xz-am-Wn-Xv. (A-¬-lm-hn- en-¬^-Xm-hm 2˛124)

lm-^n-Zv C-_v-\p-I-ko-dn(-d)s‚ A-¬-_m-C-kp-¬ lko-kv F-∂ ]-kn-≤amb l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\-im-kv-X-K-Ÿ-Øn-¬ C-]-Im-cw H-cp A-[ym-bw X-s∂ \-ap-°v Im-Wmw.

(åYÉÑdG) åj~◊G áë°U É`¡æe Ωõ∏j ’ OÉæ°SE’G áë`°Ul-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-c-º-c(-k-\-Zv) ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-I F-

∂-XpsIm≠v l-Zo-kv ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-I(-kz-lo-lm-Ip-I) F-∂-Xv \n-¿-_-‘-am-Ip-∂n-√ (A-¬-_m-C-kvt]-Pv 42). ti-jw A-t±-lw F-gp-Xp-∂p.

¬æe Ωõj ’ OÉæ°S’G ≈∏`Y ø°ù◊G hG áë°`üdÉH ºµ`◊Gh Ó∏``©e hG GPÉ°``T ¿ƒ``µj ~`b PG ÏŸG ≈∏`Y ∂dò`H ºµ`◊G

(åYÉÑdG)H-cp l-Zo-kn-¬ ]-c-º-c-bp-sS ta-¬ kz-lo-lv

sIm-t≠m l-k-≥-sIm-t≠m hn-[n]-d-b-¬ sIm-≠vl-Zo-k-s‚ B-i-b-Øn-t∑-epw A-]-Im-cw A-\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂n-√. Im-c-Ww A-Xv im-t±m A-s√-¶n-¬ tcm-Kw _m-[n-®-tXm B-bn-cn-°mw. (A-¬-_m-C-kv t]-Pv 42)

C-amw ss_-l-Izn(-d)bpw C-]-Im-cw F-gp-Xnbn-´p≠v. ss_-l-Izn-bp-sS Cu ]-kv-Xm-h-\-sb-kw-_-‘n-®v C-_v-\p-l-P-dn-¬ ssl-X-an(-d) F-gp-Xp-∂p.

øe Ωõ∏j ’ ¬fÉa ø°ù◊G ájÉZ ‘ »≤¡«ÑdG øe ΩÓµdG Gòghåj~`◊G Ωƒ∏Y ‘ Qô≤J É`ªc ÏŸG áë°U OÉæ°S’G áë°UhG Phò`°T ÏŸG ‘ ¿ƒµjh OÉæ°S’G í°`üj ¿CG ∫É`ªàM’

(…hÉ◊G) ¬àë°U ™æ“ á∏YC-amw ss_-l-Izn(-d)-bp-sS Cu ]-kv-Xm-h-\

h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw \-√-Xm-Wv. Im-c-Ww \n-›-b-am-bpw]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-h-¬ B-i-bw A-Xv ap-tJ-\ kz-lo-lm-hp-I F-∂-Xn-s\ A-\n-hm-cy-am-°p-∂n-√. l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\-Øn-¬ ÿn-c-s∏-´-Xp-t]m-se. ]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-hp-∂-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn B-i-b-Øn-¬ A-Xv kz-lo-lm-hp-∂-Xn-s\ X-S-bp-∂ im-±v A-s√-¶n-¬ C-√-Xv t]m-se-bp-≈ Im-c-W-ß-ƒ D-≠m-Ip-hm-≥ km-[y-X-bp-≠v. (A-¬-lm-hn 2/124). Cu ]-fin-X-∑m-cmcpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-f√t√m.

tNm-Zyw 2. kz-lm-_n h-cy-∑m-cp-sS N-cy-bp-sS]n-≥-_-ew Cu A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-Øn-\v D-t≠m?

D-Ø-cw: kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-Øv ]-hm-NI-s‚ t]-cn-¬ hym-P-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ \n-¿-an-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn-ń√. A-h-cp-sS Im-e-L-´w I-gn-™ti-j-am-Wv \n-¿-an-X-hpw hym-P-hpw Zp-¿-_-e-hp-am-b e-£-°-W-°n-\v l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ \n-th-Z-\w sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-\m-¬ ]n-¬-°m-e-sØ ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v l-Zo-kv kzo-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ ap-kv-enw tem-Iw Aw-Ko-I-cn-® A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-ß-ƒ \-_n (kz)-bp-sS Im-e-Øpw kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-Øpw Po-

hn-®n-cp-∂ ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v \n-¿-_-‘-am-Ip-∂n-√. ]-tXy-In-®v kz-lm-_n-h-cy-∑m-¿-°v. F-¶n-epw H-cp l-Zo-kv \-_n-bn-¬ \n-∂v t\-cn-´p tI-ƒ-°m-sX a-s‰m-cp kz-lm-_n ]-d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ ]-d-bp-∂ hy-‡n-bp-sS hn-iz-kv-X-X-sb am-Xw ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-sXB-i-b-sØ(-a-Xv-\n-s\) Iq-Sn ]-cn-tim-[n-®v kz-lm-_n-am-¿ X-≈p-I-bpw sIm-≈p-I-bpw sN-øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. [m-cm-fw kw-`-h-ß-ƒ C-Xn-\v l-Zo-kp-I-fn-¬-X-s∂ \-ap-°v Im-Wm-≥ km-[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-ƒ1. J-eo-^ D-a-¿(-d) a-c-W-tØm-Sv A-Sp-Ø k-µ-

¿-`-Øn-¬ kzp-ssl-_(-d) A-hn-sS ]-th-in-®p. A-t±-lw I-c-™-t∏m-ƒ D-a-¿(-d) ]-d-™p. kzp-ssl-t_! \o I-c-bp-I-bm-tWm? Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw \-_n(kz) ]-d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. a-øn-Øn-s‚ ta-¬ B-fp-I-ƒ I-c-™m-¬ B a-øn-Øv in-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. D-a-dn(-d)s‚ a-c-W-ti-jw B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv Cul-Zo-kv ]-d-™-t∏m-ƒ B-C-i(d) C-]-Im-cw ]-d-

™p.

¬∏dG ¿G ¬∏dG ∫ƒ°SQ ç~`M Éè ¬∏``dG h ôª`Y ¬`∏`dG º`MQº©∏°U ¬∏dG ∫ƒ°SQ øµdh ¬«∏Y ¬∏gG AÉµÑH øeDƒŸG Üò©«d âdÉ`bh ¬«∏Y ¬∏gCG AÉµÑH ÉHGòY ôaÉµdG ~jõ«d ¬∏dG ¿CG :∫Éb(iôNCG QRh IQRGh QõJ ’h) ¿BGô`````≤``dG ºµ```Ñ`°`ù`M

(º∏°ùeh …QÉîÑdG)A-√m-lp D-a-dn(-d)s‚ ta-¬ I-cp-W sN-ø-s´.

H-cp k-Xy-hn-izm-kn a-c-W-s∏-´m-¬ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚B-fp-I-ƒ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ta-¬ I-c-™m-¬ in-£n-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™n- n-√. F-∂m¬\-_n(-kz) C-]-Im-c-am-Wv ]-d-™-Xv. Xo-¿-®-bm-bpwA-√m-lp H-cp k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-°v A-h-s‚ ta-¬ A-h-s‚ B-fp-I-ƒ(-A-h-s‚ D-]-tZ-i-]-Im-cw) I-c-™m-¬ in-£ h-¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ Iqń-t®¿Øp. \n-ß-ƒ-°v Izp-¿-B-≥ X-s∂ a-Xn-bm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p. (]m-]-`m-cw h-ln®-

kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-Øv ]-hm-NI-s‚t]-cn-¬ hym-P-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ \n-¿-an-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn-ń√. A-h-cp-sS Im-e-L-´w I-gn-™ ti-j-am-Wv \n-¿-an-X-hpw hym-P-hpw Zp-¿-_-e-hp-am-b e-£-°-W-°n-\v l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ \n-th-Z-\w sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-\m-¬ ]n-¬-°m-e-sØ ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°vl-Zo-kv kzo-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ ap-kv-enw tem-Iw Aw-Ko-I-cn-® A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-ß-ƒ \-_n (kz)-bp-sS Im-e-Øpw kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-Øpw Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v \n-¿-_-‘-am-Ip-∂n-√.


h-≥ a-s‰m-cp-h-s‚ ]m-]-`m-cw h-ln-t°-≠n-h-cn-I-bn-√). (_p-Jm-cn 1288, ap-kv-enw 929)

2. _-Zv-dn-se In-W-‰n-¬ sIm-≠p-t]m-bn F-dn-b-s∏-´ _-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sv \-_n(-kz) kw-km-cn-®p-sh-∂v B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv ]-d-b-s∏-´-t∏m-ƒB a-l-Xn C-]-Im-c-am-Wv ]-Xn-I-cn-®-Xv.

âæc iòdG ¿G ¿ƒª∏©«d ¿B’G º¡fG º©∏°U »ÑædG ∫Éb É‰G(≈JƒŸG ™ª`°ùJ ’ ∂fEG) äBGô`b ºK ≥``◊G ƒ`g º¡`d ∫ƒbCG

(…QÉîÑdG)\-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xv, Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw Rm-≥ A-

h-tcm-Sv ]-d-™n-cp-∂-Xv C-t∏m-ƒ A-h-¿ k-Xy-am-sW-∂v A-dn-bp-∂p-≠v F-∂p amXamWv. ti-jwB-C-i(-d) C-]-Im-cw ]m-cm-b-Ww sN-bv-Xp. (Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw a-c-W-s∏-´-h-sc \o tI-ƒ-∏n-°p-I-bn-√.Iz-_v-dm-fn-I-sf-bpw \o tI-ƒ-∏n-°p-∂-h-\-√). (_p-Jm-cn 3981)

3. ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n(-kz) an-Av-dm-Pn-s‚ cm-Xn-bn-¬ A-√m-lp-hn-s\ I≠psh-∂v ]-K-¤-cm-b Nn-ekz-lm-_n-am-¿ ]-d-™ hn-h-cw B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv]-d-™-t∏m-ƒ A-Xn-s\ \n-tj-[n-®p-sIm-≠v Ba-l-Xn ]-d-™p.

ƒgh QÉ°üHC’G ¬`cQ~`J ’) :∫ƒ≤j ¬`∏dG ¿G ™ª°`ùJ ⁄ hCG¿G ™ª°`ùJ ⁄ hCG (ÒÑÿG ∞«£∏dG ƒgh QÉ°üHC’G ∑Q~j

øe hCG É«Mh ’G ¬∏dG ¬ª∏µj ¿Gô°ûÑd ¿Éc Éeh) ∫ƒ≤j ¬∏dG(º∏°ùe) (’ƒ°SQ π°Sôj hG ÜÉéM AGQh

Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂-Xv \o tI-ń-ń-t√(-I-Æp-I-ƒ A-h-s\ I-s≠-Øp-I-bn-√. I-Æp-I-sf A-h-≥ I-s≠-Øp-I-bpw sN-øpw. A-h-≥ kq-£v-a-⁄m-\n-bpw A-Km-[-⁄m-\n-bp-am-Wv). (kz-]v-\-Øn-se) H-cp t_m-[-\w F-∂ \n-e-bn-tem H-cp a-d-bp-sS ]n-∂n-¬ \n-∂m-bn-s°m-t≠m H-cp Zq-X-s\ A-b-®p-sIm-t≠m A-√m-sX A-√m-lp X-t∂m-Sv kw-km-cn-°p-I F-∂ Im-cyw bm-sXm-cp a-\p-jy∂pw D-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. (ap-kv-enw278)

4, A-_q-Z-¿-dv, A-_v-Zp-√m-ln-_v-\p ap-K-^-¬,A-_q-lp-ssd-d, C-_v-\p A-∫m-kv(-d) ap-X-em-bkz-lm-_n-am-¿ \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-∂-h-s‚ ap-∂n-eq-sSkv-Xo-bpw ]-ń-bpw I-gp-X-bpw \-S-∂p-t]m-bm-¬ \-a-kv-Im-cw ap-dn-bp-sa-∂v-\-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xm-bn \n-th-Z-\w sN-bv-X-Xn-s\ kw-_-‘n-®v B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv ]-d-™-t∏m-ƒ B a-l-Xn Cu \n-th-Z-\-ß-sfX-≈n-°-f-™p. ti-jw ]-d-™p.

(…QÉîÑdG) ÜÓµdGh ôª◊ÉH Éfƒªà¡Ñ°T\n-ß-ƒ kv-Xo-I-fm-b R-ß-sf I-gp-X-tbm-Spw

]-ń-I-tfm-Spw D-]-an-°p-I-bm-tWm? (_p-Jm-cn 514)5. Ip-Xn-c, kv-Xo-I-ƒ, ho-Sv F-∂n-h-bn-¬ Zp-»-

Ip-\ap-s≠-∂v \-_n(-kz) ]-kv-Xm-hn-®n-´p-s≠-∂vA-_p-lq-ssd-d(-d) C-_v-\p D-a-¿(-d) ap-X-em-b-h-¿]dbp-∂p-s≠-∂v B-C-i(-d) tI-´-t∏m-ƒ h-f-sc-b-

[n-Iw tIm-]n-°p-I-bpw Cu \n-th-Z-\-sØ X-≈n-s°m-≠v C-]-Im-cw hn-h-cn°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xv Pm-ln-enøm Im-e-sØ ap-iv-cn-°p-I-fpw Pq-X-∑m-cpw aq-∂v Im-cy-Øn-em-Wv Zp-»-Ip-\-sa-∂v ]-d-bp-∂p. Ip-Xn-c, kv-Xo, ho-Sv. A-_q-lpdbv-d(-d)-bpw a-‰pw I-b-dn h-∂-t∏m-ƒ B-Zy-`m-Kw tI-ƒ-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. A-h-km-\-`m-Kw am-X-am-Wv A-h-¿ tI-´-Xv. A-Xn-\m-¬ aq-∂v Im-cy-Øn-¬ Zp-»-Ip-\-ap-s≠-∂v ]-d-™-Xv \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS ]-kv-Xm-h-\-bm-sW-∂v A-h-¿ sX-‰n-≤-cn-®-Xm-Wv (A-lv-a-Zv, C-_v-\p-Jp-ssk-a, lm-Inw) (_p-Jm-cn 2853).

B-C-i(-d) \n-tj-[n-®v C-]-Im-cw ]-d-™-Xv_p-Jm-cn-bp-sS \n-th-Z-\-Øn-¬ C-s√-¶n-epw A-lv-a-Zv, C-_v-\p-Jp-ssk-a, lm-Inw ap-X-em-b-h-¿ D-≤-cn-® kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kn-¬ h-∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. C-_v-\p-l-P-¿(-d) ]-d-bp-∂p.

(…QÉÑdG íàa) åj~◊G Gòg äôµfG É¡fG á°ûFÉY øY AÉLhXo-¿-®-bm-bpw B-C-i(-d) Cu l-Zo-kn-s\ \n-

tj-[n-®-Xv A-h-cn-¬ \n-∂v h-∂n-´p-≠v (^-Xv-lp-¬_m-cn 7˛438). Zp-»-Ip-\w t\m-°-¬ in-¿-°m-sW-∂v hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\pw a-‰p-≈ l-Zo-kp-I-fpw hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.

6. ^m-Xn-a _n-≥-X-ssIz-kv F-∂ kv-Xo-sbA-h-fp-sS -¿-Øm-hv aq-∂m-a-sØ ]m-h-iy-hpw hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w sN-bv-X-t∏m-ƒ \-_n(-kz) A-h-ƒ-°v C-±-bp-sS sN-e-hpw Xm-a-k-ku-I-cy-hpw \-¬-Im-≥ -¿-Øm-hn-t\m-Sv I-ev-]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√ F-∂ l-Zo-kv m-Xzn-a X-s∂ ]-d-™-Xv J-eo-^ D-a-¿ (d) tI-´-t∏m-ƒ B \n-th-Z-\w X-≈n-s°m-≠vC-]-Im-cw ]-Jym-]n-®p. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ K-Ÿ-sØH-cp s]-Æn-s‚ hm-°p-tI-´v \mw D-t]-£n-°p-I-bn-√. A-h-¿ A-Xv K-ln-®-Xm-tWm A-X-√ a-d-∂p-t]m-b-Xm-tWm F-∂v \-ap-°-dn-bn-√. A-h-ƒ-°v Xm-a-k-ku-I-cy-hpw sN-e-hp-ap-≠v. A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p: ""A-h-fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v A-h-sf \n-ß-ƒ ]p-d-Øm-°-cp-Xv. A-h-ƒ ]p-d-Øp-t]m-hp-I-bpwsN-ø-cp-Xv'' (ap-kv-enw 46). B-C-i(-d)bpw C-]-Im-cw ]-d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. (_p-Jm-cn 5321)

\-Ωp-sS \-_n-bp-sS kp-∂-Øpw \mw D-t]-£n-°p-I-bn-s√-∂p-Iq-Sn Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I-fn-¬ h-∂-Xn-s\ C-amw Zm-d-Izp-Xzv-\n(-d) \n-tj-[n-°p-∂p. Cu-`m-Kw l-Zo-kn-¬ Nn-e-¿ I-S-Øn-°q-ń-b-Xm-sW-∂vA-t±-lw ]-d-bp-∂p. Cu m-Kw ÿn-c-s∏-´-Xm-sW-¶n-¬-X-s∂ hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-¬ A-h-ƒ-°v Xm-a-k-ku-I-cy-hpw sN-e-hpw \-¬-I-W-sa-∂ A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ I-ev-]-\ \-_n(-kz) \-S-∏m-°n-b-Xm-Wv kp-∂-Øp-sIm-≠v hn-h-£ F-∂v C-_v-\p-l-P-dn-¬ A-kv-Iz-em-\n(-d) hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂p. (^-Xv-lp-¬-_m-cn 12-˛205)

tNm-Zyw 3. l-Zo-kv ÿn-c-s∏-´-Xm-Ip-hm-≥ B-i-b-Øn-\v(-a-Xv-\n-∂v) l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ ]-d-


bp-∂ \-_n-‘-\-I-ƒ F-s¥-√m-am-Wv?D-Ø-cw: lZokv kzlo-lm-Ip-hm≥ lZokv

]fin-X-∑m¿ AwKo-I-cn® \n_-‘-\-Iƒ Xmsghnh-cn-°p-∂p. aXv\pIƒ C\n ]d-bp∂ sshI-ey-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ap‡-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

`m-jm kv-^p-S-X-bn-√m-bv-a: ]-hm-N-I-≥ ip-≤-hpw kv-^p-S-hp-am-b A-d-_n m-j-bm-Wv kw-km-cn-®-Xv. A-Xn-\m-¬ l-Zo-kv F-∂ t]-cn-¬ D-≤-cn-°-s∏-´ h-N-\-ß-ƒ-°v `m-jm-ip-≤n-bn-s√-¶n-¬ hym-P-am-sW-∂v hn-[n-°-s∏-´p.

B-i-b-]-c-am-b ssh-I-eyw: C-kv-em-an-I \n-b-a-kw-ln-X-I-sf-√mw X-s∂ _p-≤n-°pw Nn-¥-°pw\n-c-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-s∂-Xn-cm-bn ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂h-N-\-ß-ƒ kw-i-bn-t°-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Izp-¿-B-\n-se hy-‡-am-b \n-b-a-ß-ƒ-°v hn-cp-≤-am-hp-I.

N-cn-X bm-Ym-¿-Yy-ß-ƒ-°v hn-cp-≤-am-hp-I.dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-ø-s∏-´ h-N-\-ß-ƒ A-Xn-i-tbm-

‡n-]-c-tam ]-£-]m-X-]-c-tam B-bn-cn-°p-I.d-kq-en-s‚ H-cp h-N-\w H-‰-s∏-´ Nn-e-¿ am-Xw

dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-øpI. th-sd B-cpw A-Xv dn-t∏m-¿-´vsN-øm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n-¬ l-Zo-kn-s‚ hn-izm-ky-X-bv-°v A-Xv X-S- -am-Wv.

A-Xn-i-tbm-‡n I-e-¿-∂ in-£-tbm ]-Xn-^-e-tam hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-øp-∂ h-N-\-ß-ƒ. Zp-lm \-a-k-Im-cw \n-¿-h-ln-®m-¬ F-gp-]-Xv ]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS ]p-Wyw e-`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv F-∂ h-N-\w hy-P-am-sW-∂v hn-[n-sb-gp-X-s∏-´-Xv Cu-b-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv. (I-S-∏m-Sv: Ip™n-ap-l-ΩZv ]d-∏q¿ cNn®kp-∂-Øv A-¿-Y-hpw ]m-[m-\y-hpw t]-Pv 40-˛43.kz-lo-lv ap-kv-enw, k-ºq-¿-W a-e-bm-f ]-cn-`m-jB-ap-Jw t]-Pv 51-˛53, H-∂mw ]-Xn-∏v 2005)

C-amw kp-bq-Yn(-d) X-s‚ ]-kn-≤ K-Ÿ-am-bX-Zv-co-_p-dm-hn F-∂ K-Ÿ-Øn-¬ C-amw C-_v-\p-Pu-kn(-d) ]-kv-Xm-hn-®-Xm-bn C-]-Im-cw D-≤-cn-

°p-∂p.

∫ƒ≤©ŸG øjÉÑj åj~`◊G âjCGQ GPG πFÉ≤dG ∫ƒb ø`°ùMCG Ée ¬`fG º∏`YÉ``à ∫ƒ°`ÙC’G ¢ `bÉ`æj hG ∫ƒ≤æŸG ∞`dÉ`îj hG

(ÖjQ~àdG) ƒ°VƒèH-cp l-Zo-kv _p-≤n-t°m A-s√-¶n-¬(-s]m-Xp-

hm-bn) D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-t\m A-s√-¶n-¬ A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-Øn-t\m F-Xn-cm-bn \o I-≠m-¬ Bl-Zo-kv a-\p-jy-\n-¿-an-Xam-sW-∂v \o a-\- n-em-°p-I F-∂v H-cm-ƒ ]-d-™-Xp h-f-sc \-√-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (X-Zv-co-_p-dm-hn 1˛327). C-_v-\p-Pu-kn(-d) l-Zo-kv \n-cq-]-I-∑m-cp-sS C-am-am-Wv.

C_v\p Ako¿ ]dbp-∂p.

Ée É¡dhCG.........,¬ÑjòµJ Öéj Ée :ÊÉ`ãdG º°`ù≤`dG¢ù````◊G hCG √ô`¶f hCG π`≤©`dG IQhô``° H ¬`àÓ`N º∏`©j

(∫ƒ°UC’G ™eÉL)

lZokv hymP-amsW∂v hn[n-°p-∂-h-bn¬s]´H∂m-a-tØXv lZo-knse ]cm-a¿iw ]mY-anI_p≤nt°m Nn¥bvt°m A\p-`-h-th-Zy-amb Adn-hnt\m hncp-≤-ambn a\- n-em-°-s∏-SpI F∂-Xm-Wv. ......... (Pm-an-D¬ Dkq¬ 1/156)

l-Zo-kv ]-cn-tim-[-\ hn-Z-Kv-[-≥-am-cn-¬ ]-ap-J-\m-b C-amw C-_v-\p-J-ønw A-¬-Pu-kn(-d) ]d-bp-∂-Xmbn ^Xvlp¬ apKo-kn¬ D≤-cn-°p∂p.

∫ƒ°U’G ¢ bÉæj hCG ∫ƒ≤©dG ∞dÉîj ¬àjCGQ åj~M πch Èà©J ’ …G √QÉÑà`YG ∞`∏`µàj Óa ƒ°Vƒe ¬`fCG º∏`YÉà

(å«¨ŸG íàa) ¬JGhQ_p-≤n-t°m Jp-¿-B-\n-s‚ au-en-I kn-≤m-¥-

ß-ƒ-t°m hn-cp-≤-am-bn Im-Wp-∂ k-¿-h l-Zo-kp-I-fpw hym-P-\n-¿-an-X-ß-fm-sW-∂v \o a\- n-em-°ns°m-≈p-I. A-ßs\ Im-Wp-tºm-ƒ A-Xn-s‚\n-th-Z-I-∑m-sc-°p-dn-®v A-t\z-jn-°m-≥ \o sa\-s°-tS-≠-Xn-√. (^-Xv-lp-¬ ap-Ko-kv t] 114)

C-_v-\p-l-P-dn-¬ A-kv-Iz-em-\n(-d) F-gp-Xp-∂p.

É° bÉæe ¿ƒµj ¿CÉ`c ihôŸG ∫É`M øe ò`NDƒj Ée É¡æeh≈©£≤dG ÉªL’G hG IôJGƒàŸG áæ°ù`dG hG ¿BGô`≤dG ¢ü`æd

(ôµØdG áÑîf) π≤©dG íjô`°U hGlZo-kn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏´ Imcyw Izp¿-B-

\n-s‚ Jfin-X-amb hn[nt°m apX-hm-Xn-dmblZo-knt\m hy‡-amb CPvam-Ct\m ]mY-anI_p≤nt°m FXn-cm-bm¬ AXv hymP-\n¿an-X-ambn]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏Spw (\pJv_Øp¬ nIv¿ t]. 65)

]-c-º-c Zp-¿-_-e-am-b l-Zo-km-sW-¶n-¬ A-hh-¿-Pn-°p-hm-≥ Cu \n-_-‘-\-I-ƒ H-∂pw X-s∂-bn-√. C-h-sb-√mw X-s∂ ]-c-º-c Zp-¿-_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-°v Nn-et∏m-ƒ tbm-Pn-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw.A-t∏m-ƒ ]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ X-s∂ kzo-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ B-i-b-Øn-\v(-a-Xv-\n-\v) D-≠m-h-¬ \n-¿-_-‘-am-b hy-h-ÿ-I-fm-Wv l-Zo-kv]-fin-X-∑m-¿ C-hn-sS hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Im-c-Ww ]-c-º-c kz-lo-lm-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Xw l-Zo-kv kz-lo-lm-hp-I-bn-s√-∂pw B-i-b-Øn-\pw Nn-e hy-h-ÿ-I-ƒ D-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww F-∂v ]d™-ti-j-am-Wv C-h-sb-√mw hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Nn-e A-¬-]-⁄m-\n-I-ƒ a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-t]m-se ]-c-º-c Zp-¿-_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpsS kz-`m-hw hn-h-cn-°p-I-b-√.

C-amw iu-°m-\n(d) F-gp-Xp-∂p:

∫hC’Éà È`ÿG ∫h~e ‹G ™LôJ »àdG •hô°`ûdG ÉèCGhπ≤©dG ¬dÉMG ¿EÉa π≤©dG ‘ √OƒLh π«`ëà`°ùj ’ ¿CG É¡`æe

(∫ƒëØdG OÉ°TQEG) OQlZokv kzlo-lm-Ip-hm≥ AXns‚ Bi-b-

Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-ep≈ H∂m-asØ \n_-‘\AXns‚ BkvXnIyw _p≤n-]-c-ambn Akw-`-hy-am-bn-cn-°-cpXv F∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ _p≤n AXn


s\ Akw-`-hy-am-bn-°-≠m¬ AØcw lZo-kp-Iƒ X≈-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. (C¿im-Zp¬ ^plq¬t]. 15)

tNm-Zyw 4. C-amw _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw \n-th-Z-\w sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-fm-sW-¶n-¬ Cu \n-b-a-ß-ƒ tbm-Pn-®n-´p-t≠m F-∂v ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-tØ≠-Xp-t≠m? ]q-¿-hn-I ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ _pJm-cntbm apkventam D-≤-cn-® l-Zo-kp-I-sf hn-a-¿-in-°p-I-tbm Zp-¿-_-e-amsW∂v ]d-bp-Itbm sN-bv-Xn-´p-t≠m?

D-Ø-cw: D-≠v. \q-dn-e-[n-Iw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ C-Xn-\v D-Zm-l-c-Wm-bn F-Sp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-hm-≥ km-[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ÿ-e-]-cn-an-Xn Im-c-Ww Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS \-º-dp-I-fpw -Xv-lp-¬-_m-cn--bp-sS hm-fy-hpw t]-Pp-I-fpw am-Xw D-≤-cn-°mw. ]q-¿-W-cq-]w e-`n-°p-hm-≥ B-K-ln-°p-∂-h-¿ ]kvXpXKŸ-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Itbm teJ-I-\p-ambn_‘-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp-I.

_p-Jm-cn: 1953(^-Xv-lp-¬-_m-cn 5/771), 2035(6/51), 2511(6/634), 3366, 3655 (8/579), 3680 (8/621), 3849 (9/253), 4251 (9/543), 4560 (10/114),4850 (10/677), 5003 (11/268), 5865 (10/304), 7449,6548 (14/644), 6720, 2817, 1653 (15/203), 3357(11/186), 4101 (4/170), 205 (1/569), 1854, 1953 (5/111), 4672 (10/281), 6502 (11/420)

ap-kv-enw 1148, 2175, 520, 2395, 675, 2846, 2093,2850, 1148, 2400

tNm-Zyw 5. G-sX-√mw ]-fin-X-∑m-cm-Wv ap-I-fn-¬ \-¬-In-b \-º-dp-I-fn¬ D≤-cn-°-s∏´ l-Zo-kp-I-sf hn-a-¿-in-®-Xv?

D-Ø-cw: lm-^n-Zv-_- m-¿, C-_v-\p-ln-∫m-≥,ss_-l-Jn, A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Zm-d-Izp-Xzv-\n, C-amw Izp-¿-Xzp-_n, Jm-fn C-bm-fv, C-_v-\p-A-_v-Zn-¬-_n-¿-dv,C-_v-\p-Pu-kn, C-_v-\p-Iz-ønw, C-_v-\p-Izp-ssk-a, C-amw Iz-Xzm-_n, _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS \n-th-Z-I-∑m-cm-b lp-ssa-Zn, D-sskz-en, C-kv-am-Cu-en, C-_v-\p-l-P-¿, C-_v-\p-_-Xzm-¬, C-_v-\p-^p-ssd-Iv, C-amw Zm-h-Zn, C-amw \-hhn, I-¿-am-\n, A-_q-aq-k-¬a-Z-\n, C-amw dm-kn, lm-^n-Zv C-_v-\p A-d-_n, Jm-Zn A-_q-_-°-¿, _m-Jn-√m-\n, C-am-ap-¬ l-d-ssa-\n, C-amw K- m-en, ap-Kv-em-Xzn, A-_q-l- -\p-¬-^-Zv-e, C-_v-\p-l-kw, C-amw Z-l-_n, B-[p-\n-Il-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-cm-b C-amw d-io-Zv cn-Zm, ssi-Jv \mkzn-dp-±o≥ A-¬-_m-\n, ssiJv D-ssk-an≥XpS-ßn-b- ]fin-X-h-cy¿ ta¬]-d™ lZo-kp-Iƒ \ncq-]Ww sNbvX-h-cn¬ ]ap-J-cm-Wv.

CXn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏´ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS F√m \ncq-]-W-ßfpw Cu teJ-I≥ AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂ps≠t∂m ]kvXpX lZo-kp-I-sf√mw Hcp-t]mse h¿Py-am-sWt∂m A`n-]m-b-an-√. F∂m¬ ]q¿hn-I-]-fin-X-∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn®\ncq-]-W-ßƒ Bsc-¶nepw FSp-Øp-≤-cn-°p-tºm-tg°pw lZokv \ntj-[-Øns‚ Zfip-ImWn®v

`oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿ Ch-sbm-s°-sbm∂v ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xn-\m-emWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

tNm-Zyw: l-Zo-kn-¬ \n-∂v a-X-hn-[n Kln°p-tºm-ƒ i-≤n-t°-≠ a-‰p \n-b-a-ß-ƒ hn-h-cn-°m-tam?

D-Ø-cw: l-Zo-kp-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v \mw a-X-hn-[n]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-tºm-ƒ Iq-Sp-X-¬ Pm-K-X-bpw kq-£v-a-X-bpw ]p-e-¿-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. B-Zy-am-bn A-Xv\-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-Xm-tWm F-∂v ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Izp-¿-B-\n-se H-cp B-b-Øp-I-≠m-¬ A-XvA-√m-lp-hn-s‚-Xv X-s∂-bm-tWm, Izp-¿-B-\n-¬ D-≈-Xv X-s∂-bm-tWm F-∂v ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-√. l-Zo-kv \-_n(-kz)-bp-tS-Xv X-s∂-bm-tWm F-∂v ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-≥ B-Zy-am-bn-A-Xn-\v ]-c-º-c-bp-t≠m F-∂v ]-cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. ti-jw A-hÿn-c-s∏-´ ]-c-º-c-bm-tWm F-∂v kq-£v-a-]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-Ø-Ww. ]-c-º-c ÿn-c-s∏-Sp-hm-≥ ap-kv-enwtem-Iw [m-cm-fw \n-b-a-ß-ƒ ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. A-hA-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww Cu kq-£v-a-]-cn-tim-[-\. ti-jw A-Xn-s‚ a-Xv-\v(B-i-bw)ÿn-c-s∏-´-Xm-tWm F-∂m-Wv. C-h c-≠pw ÿn-c-s∏-´m-¬ X-s∂ l-Zo-kn-s‚ Np-‰p-]m-Spw k-µ-¿-`-hpw ]-›m-Ø-e-hpw hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-Ww. Izp-¿-B-\n-¬-\n-∂pw l-Zo-kn-¬ \n-∂pw \n-b-aw B-hn-jv-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p-hm-≥ [m-cm-fw \n-b-a-ß-ƒ ap-kv-enw-tem-Iw AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. A-h i-cn-°pw K-ln-®n-cn-°-Ww. H-cp \n-¿-tZ-i-In-b(-Aw-dv) \n-¿-_-‘-Øn-\pw kp-∂-Øn-\pw tI-h-ew A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-Øn-\pwh-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\m-¬ a-‰p l-Zo-kp-I-sf-bpwt\m-°n-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww \n-¿-_-‘w F-∂v hn-[n I-ev-]n-t°-≠-Xv. \n-tcm-[-\-In-b-I-fpw l-dm-an-\pw l-dm-av A-√m-Ø-Xn-\pw h-cpw. A-Xn-\m-¬ kq-£v-a-]-T-\-Øn-\p-ti-j-ta \-lm d-kq-ep-√m-ln(-A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Zq-X-≥ hn-tcm-[n-®) F-∂v ]-d-™m-¬ t]m-epw l-dm-am-sW-∂v hn-[n ]-d-bp-hm-≥ ]m-Sp-≈q.

\n-¿-_-‘w X-s∂-bm-Wv, \n-jn-≤w X-s∂-bm-Wv F-∂v ÿn-c-s∏-´m-epw a-X-Øn-s‚ im-iz-X-am-

Izp-¿-B-\n-¬-\n-∂pw l-Zo-kn-¬ \n-∂pw\n-b-aw B-hn-jv-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p-hm-≥ [m-cm -fw \n -b-a -ß-ƒ ap -kv -enw -tem-IwAwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. A-h i-cn-°pw K-ln-®n-cn-°-Ww. H-cp \n-¿-tZ-i-In-b(-Aw-dv) \n-¿-_-‘-Øn-\pw kp-∂-Øn-\pw tI-h-ew A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-Øn-\pw h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\m-¬ a-‰p l-Zo-kp-I-sf-bpwt\m-°n-s°m-≠m-bn-cn -°-Ww \n-¿-_-‘w F-∂v hn-[n I-ev-]n-t°-≠-Xv. \n-tcm-[-\-In-b-I-fpw l-dm-an-\pw l-dm-av A-√m-Ø-Xn-\pw h-cpw.

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b \n-¿-_-‘-hpw hn-tcm-[-hp-am-tWm A-X-√ Xm-¬-°m-en-I-am-b-Xm-tWm F-∂pw ]-cn-tim-[n-°-Ww.A-Xp-t]m-se tI-h-ew H-cp ù-Xn-I kw-K-Xn F-∂ \n-e-°p-≈-h-bm-tWm F-∂pw ]-cn-tim-[n-°-Ww.A-√m-Ø-]-£w \mw A-_-≤-ß-fn-epw ]-bm-k-ß-fn-epw Nm-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. \n- m-c ]-iv-\-ß-sf au-en-I-]-iv-\-ß-fm-bn ]cn-KWn®v Nn-e-¿ a-‰p-Nn-e-sc Im-^n-dm-°p-∂ ]-h-W-X h-¿-[n-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. C-amw d-io-Zv cn-Zm F-gp-Xp-∂p.

º¡a π`LC’ åjOÉ`MC’G ÖÑ`°S áàô`©e ¤EG á`LÉ`◊G ¿CG∫hõf ÖÑ°S áaô©e ‹G áLÉ`◊G øe ~°`TCG É¡`æe OGô`ŸG Ö`éj ¢SÉ`æ∏d áeÉ`Y ájG~`g ¬`∏c ¿BGô`≤dG ¿C’ .¿BGô`≤dGá°UÉÿG QƒeC’G øe ¬«a ¢ù«d Ée åjOÉMC’G ‘h É¡¨«∏ÑJ ájG~g ’h ÉæjO ¿ƒ``µj ¿G ¬`H ~°`ü≤j ⁄ …òdG iCGôdGháaô``©è ≈∏`Y É`ª¡a ∞bƒàa ¢SÉæ`∏d ≠∏Ñ`j ¿CG ’h áeÉ`Y

(QÉæŸG Ò°ùØJ) ô¡XCG É¡HÉÑ`°SGXo-¿-®-bm-bpw l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS B-i-bw K-ln-

°p-∂-Xn-\v A-h-bp-sS Im-c-W-ß-ƒ K-ln-°-em-Wv, Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ B-i-bw K-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bnB-b-Øp-I-fp-sS A-h-X-c-W-Im-c-Ww a-\- -en-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ Iq-Sp-X-¬ B-h-iy-am-bn h-cp-∂-Xv.\n-›-bw Izp-¿-B-≥ ap-gp-h-≥ F-√m a-\p-jy-¿-°pws]m-Xp-hm-b \n-e-°p-≈ am-¿-K-Z-¿-i-\-am-Wv. A-Xv]-t_m-[-\w sN-ø-¬ A-\n-hm-cy-hp-am-Wv. F-∂m-¬ l-Zo-kp-I-fn-¬ C-]-Im-cw A-√m-Ø-h-bp-ap-≠v.A-Y-hm ]-tXy-I-am-b Im-cy-ß-fpw a-X-am-bn-cn-°p-hm-≥ D-t±-in-°-s∏-ń-ń-√m-Ø-h-bpw. C-h s]m-Xp-hm-b am-¿-K-Z-¿-i-\-a-√. P-\-ß-ƒ-°v ]-t_m-[-\wsN-ø-¬ A-\n-hm-cy-hp-a-√. A-Xn-\m-¬ C-h-bp-sS]-›m-Ø-ew A-dn-bp-∂-Xn-s\ B-i-bn-®m-Wv C-ha-\- n-em-°p-I. C-Xm-Wv G-‰-hpw ]-I-S-am-b-Xv (X-^v-ko-¿ A-¬-a-\m-¿ 5/315, kq-d A-∂n-km-Av 85s‚hym-Jym-\w)

ÚFÉYh ¬∏dG ∫ƒ°SQ øe â¶ØM ∫Éb (Q) Iôjôg »HCG øY Gò`g ™£b ¬àããH ƒ∏a ô`NC’G É`èCGh ¬àããÑa É`ªg~`MG É``èCÉa

(…QÉîÑdG) Ωƒ©∏ÑdGA-_q-lp-ssd-d(-d) \nth-Z\w: A-t±-lw ]-d-

bp-∂p. c-≠v ]m-Xw A-dn-hv Rm-≥ \-_n-bn-¬ \n-∂v lr-Zn-ÿ-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. A-Xn-sem-∂v Rm-≥Xp-d-∂p-Im-Wn-®p. F-∂m-¬ a-t‰-Xv Rm-≥ Xp-d-∂p-Im-ń-sb-¶n-¬ Cu A-∂-\m-f-sØ \n-ß-ƒ ap-dn-®p-I-f-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. (_p-Jm-cn 120)

C-amw d-io-Zv cn-Zm(-d)-bp-sS ]-kv-Xm-h-\ bm-Ym-¿-Yy-am-sW-∂v Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS hn-h-cn-°mw.

∫ƒ`°SQ ≈∏`Y ¢ù«≤`dG ~ÑY ~ah Ω~`b (Q)¢SÉÑ`Y øHG øY ....™HQG øY ºcÉ¡fGh ™HQÉH ºcôeBG ∫É≤a º©∏°U ¬∏dGÒ``≤`ŸGh Ò≤æ``dGh º``àæ◊Gh AÉ``````Hq~`dG ø`Y º``cÉ```¡fGh

(º∏°ùeh …QÉîÑdG)C-_v-\p A-∫m-kv(-d) ]d-bp∂p: A-_v-Zp-¬-

ssIz-kn-s‚ \n-th-Z-I-kw-Lw H-cn-°-¬ \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS A-Sp-°-¬ h-∂p. \-_n(-kz) ]-d-™p: \n-ß-tfm-Sv \m-ev Im-cyßƒ Rm-≥ I-ev-]n-°p-I-bpw\m-ev Im-cy-ß-ƒ hn-tcm-[n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. Np-cßm-tXm-Sp-sIm-≠p-≠m-°n-b ]m-Xw, ]-® \n-d-ap-≈ sXm-ń, Cu-¥-∏-\-bp-sS aq-e-`m-Kw ap-dn-s®-Sp-Øv D-≠m-°n-b ]m-Xw, Xm-¿-]q-in-b ]m-Xw ap-X-em-b-h Rm≥ hntcm-[n-°p∂p (_p-Jm-cn 53, ap-kv-enw 23).

Cu l-Zo-kv C-amw _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apwCu-am-\n-s‚ (hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚) A-[ym-b-Øn-em-Wv D-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A-d-_n-I-fp-sS a-Zym-k-‡n tem-I-N-cn-X-Øn-¬ h-f-sc Ip-]-kn-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p. a-Zy-ap-≠m-°m-≥ ]-e-X-cw ]m-X-ß-ƒ A-h-¿ D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. B ]m-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv l-Zo-kn-¬ ]-kv-Xm-hn-°p-∂-Xv. a-Zyw hn-tcm-[n-®-t∏m-ƒ A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ ]-g-b Nn-¥-t]m-epw C-√m-Xm-°p-hm-\m-bn Cu ]m-X-ß-sf-bpw \-_n(-kz) hn-tcm-[n-®p. C-Xv a-X-Øn-s‚ im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hp-am-b H-cp \n-b-aw F-∂ \n-e-bv-°-√. ]-Xyp-X H-cp Xm-¬-°m-en-I hn-tcm-[w am-X-am-Wv. C-∂v Cu\n-tcm-[-\w \n-e-\n-¬-°p-∂n-√. Cu ]m-X-ß-ƒ \-ap-°v D-]-tbm-Kn-°mw. C-amw im-^n-Cu(d)bpw C-amw \-h-hn(-d)bpw C-amw A-_q-l-\o-^(-d)bpw l-Zo-kn-s‚ km-l-N-cyw a-\- n-em-°n C-]-Im-cw hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂p.

C-amw am-en-Iv(-d) C-amw A-lv-a-Zv(-d) C-amw C-kv-lm-Jv(-d) ap-X-em-b-h-cpw C-_v-\p-D-a-¿(-d) C-_v-\p-A-∫m-kv(-d) ap-X-em-b kz-lm-_n-am-cpw C-]-Im-cw X-s∂ ]-d-bp-∂p (i-¿-lp ap-kv-enw 1/220)

GPEG º∏©°U ¬∏dG ∫ƒ°SQ ∫Éb iQÉ°`üfC’G ÜƒjCG »`HCG øY√ô¡X É¡«dƒj ’h á∏Ñ≤dG πÑ≤à°ùj Óa §FÉ¨dG º``c~MCG ≈JG

(º∏°ùeh …QÉîÑdG) GƒHôZ hG Gƒbô`°ûJA-_q A-øq-_n-¬ A-≥-kzm-cn(-d) \n-th-Z-\w:

\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: \n-ß-fn-¬ h-√-h-\pw a-e-aq-Xhn-k-¿-P-\-ÿ-e-Øv sN-∂m-¬ Izn-_v-e-°v A-`n-ap-J-am-bn-t´m ]p-dw-Xn-cn-t™m C-cn-°-cp-Xv. \n-ß-ƒIn-g-t°m-t´m ]-Sn-™m-tdm-t´m Xn-cn-™n-cn-°p-ho-≥(_p-Jm-cn 144, ap-kv-enw 264).

a-Zo-\-bp-sS sX°p- `m-K-Øm-Wv a-° ÿn-XnsN-øp-∂-Xv. A-Xn\m-¬ A-h-tcm-Sv \-_n(-kz) ]-Sn-™m-dp-`m-K-tØ-°v Xn-cn-bp-hm-≥ \n¿tZ-in-®p. F-√m a-\p-jy-tcm-Spw im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hp-am-b H-cp \n-b-a-sa-∂ \n-e-bv-°v a-e-aq-X-hn-k-¿-P-\ k-a-b-Øv In-g-t°m-´pw ]-Sn-™m-tdm-´pw Xn-cn-bp-hm-≥ I-ev-]n-®-X-√. \mw tIc-fo-b¿ Ing-t°mt´m]Sn-™m-tdmt´m Xncn™v ae-aq-X-hn-k¿P\wsNbvXp-Iq-Sm. \ap°v ]Sn-™mdp `mK-ØmWvIzn_ve. CXv lZo-kns‚ hm°n-s\-Xncpw Bi-


b-Øn-\-\p-Iq-e-hp-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ kmam-\y-_p≤n aXn.

áÄ«£N ~```é`°ù`ŸG ‘ ¥GõÑdG »ÑædG ∫É``b (Q) ¢ùfG ø`Y(º∏°ùeh …QÉîÑdG) É¡æaO É¡JQÉ`Øch

A-\-kv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: ]-≈n-bn-¬ Xp-∏p-∂-Xv Ip-‰-a-am-Wv. F-∂m-¬ A-Xn-s‚ ]m-b-›n-Øw A-Xv ]-≈n-bn-¬ I-gn-®p-aq-S-em-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn 415, ap-kv-enw 552).

\-_n-bp-sS Im-e-Øv ]-≈n-bn-¬ a-W-em-bn-cp-∂p. am¿_ntfm ssS¬tkm ]Xn-® ]≈n-bn¬ hrØn-tI-Sp-Iƒ I≠m¬ Ipgn-®p-aq-Sp-I-b√ XpS-®p-hr-Øn-bm-°p-Itbm Igp-Ip-Itbm BWv th≠Xv F∂Xv X¿°-a‰ Imcy-am-Wv.

Oƒ````¡«`dG ¿CG º∏``©°Ù »ÑædG ∫É``b (Q)Iôjô``g »`HG øY(…QÉîÑdG) ºgƒØdÉîa ¿ƒ¨«°üj’ iQÉ°üædGh

A-_q-lp-dbv-d(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: Pq-X-∑m-cpw In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fpw (Xm-Sn-°pw ap-Sn-°pw) Nm-bw sIm-Sp-°p-∂n-√. A-Xp-sIm-≠v A-h-cp-tS-Xn-\v hn-cp-≤-am-b k-º-Zm-bw ssI-s°m-≈p-ho-≥ (_p-Jm-cn 5899).

C-Xpw \-_n(-kz) a-X-Øn-s‚ im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hp-am-b \n-b-aw F-∂ \n-e-bv-°v I-¬-]n-®-X-√. H-cm-fp-sS Xm-Sn-bpw ao-i-bpw X-e-ap-Snbpw\-c-®m-¬ Cu l-Zo-kn-¬ \n-¿-tZ-in-®-Xp-t]m-se A-h-≥ Nm-bw sIm-Sp-Øv A-h-bp-sS \n-dw am-‰n-a-dn°m-Xn-cp-∂m-¬ A-h-≥ Pq-X-\pw In-kv-Xym-\n-bp-am-sW-∂v Btcm]n®v A-h-s\ hn-a-¿-in-°p-hm-≥ ]m-Sn-√.ap-kv-enw-I-sf Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-hm-≥ Xm-¬-°m-en-I-am-b H-cp th-j-kw-hn-[m-\w F-∂ \n-e-bv-°v \n-¿-tZ-in-®-Xm-Wn-Xv.

Oƒ¡«dG hCG~ÑJ ’ º©∏°U ¬∏dG ∫ƒ`°SQ ∫Éb (Q) »∏Y ø`Yh¤EG ºghô£°VÉà º`gƒªà«≤`d GPGh ΩÓ°ùdÉH iQÉ°üædGh

(º∏°ùe) ¬≤«°VCGA-en(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: -\-_n(-kz) ]-d-™p: Pq-

X-∑m-sc-tbm In-kv-Xym-\n-I-sf-tbm I-≠m-¬ A-h-tcm-Sv B-Zyw k-emw ]-d-bp-∂-Xv \n-ß-fm-I-cp-Xv.A-h-sc h-gn-I-fn-¬ I-≠m-¬ h-gn-bp-sS C-Sp-ßn-b`m-K-Øp-Iq-Sn t]m-Im-≥ \n-ß-ƒ A-h-sc \n-¿-_-‘n-X-cm-°p-ho-≥(A-h-sc X-ń-am-‰p-ho-≥) (ap-kv-enw)

Cu l-Zo-kn-s‚ km-l-N-cy-hpw Np-‰p-]m-Sp-I-fpw ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-sX ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ C-kv-emw- kw-kv-Im-c-iq-\y-am-b H-cp a-X-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. b-Ym-¿-Y-Øn-¬ Cu l-Zo-kn-¬ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv C-kv-em-an-s‚ im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hp-am-b s]m-Xp-hm-b H-cp a-cym-Z-b-√. ssJ-_-¿ bp-≤-th-f-bn-¬ ]-´m-fw ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂ k-µ-¿`-Øn-¬ \-_n(-kz) \-¬-In-b H-cp Xm-ev-°m-en-I \n-¿-tZ-i-am-Wn-Xv. C-amw A-lv-a-Zv D-≤-cn-°p-∂ a-s‰m-cp l-Zo-kv X-s∂ Cu k-Xyw hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw.

ssJ-_-¿ bp-≤w Pq-X-˛-In-kv-Xym-\n-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. bp-≤-k-µ-¿-`-Øn-¬ i-Xp-hn-s\ Im-Wp-tºm-ƒ k-emw ]-d-b-¬-sIm-≠v \mw B-cw-`n-°p-I-bpw\mw h-gn-am-dn-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-tºm-ƒ A-Xv ò-cp-Xz-am-sW-∂v sX-‰n-≤-cn-°p-hm-≥ km-[y-X-bp-≠v. Cu km-[y-X C-√m-Xm-°p-hm-≥ th-≠n bp-≤-th-f-bn-se H-cp ]-tXy-I \n-b-a-am-bn \-_n(-kz)\n-¿-tZ-in-®-Xm-Wn-Xv. ]-hm-N-I-s‚ kz-lm-_n-h-cy-≥-am-cm-b A-_q-D-am-a(-d) C-_v-\p-a-kv-Du-Zv(-d) ap-X-em-b-h-¿ l-Zo-kn-s‚ km-l-N-cyw a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-Im-c-Ww A-ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v k-emw-sIm-≠v B-cw-`n-°m-sa-∂v ]-d-bp-∂p. ""\n-ß-ƒ'' F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v hn-h-£ bp-≤-Øn-\v ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂ ssk-\ywam-X-am-Wv (X-^v-ko-¿ A-¬-a-\m-¿ 5˛315)

πgCG ºµ«∏Y º∏°``S GPG º``©∏``°U »ÑædG ∫É``b (Q)¢ù`fCG ø`Y(…QÉîÑdG) ºµ«∏Yh Gƒdƒ≤a ÜÉàµdG

A-\-kv(-d) ]d-bp∂p: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: th-Z-°m-¿ \n-ß-ƒ-°v k-emw ]-d-™m-¬ \n-ß-ƒ hA-sse-Ipw F-∂v(-am-Xw) ]-d-bp-ho-≥. (_p-Jm-cn6259). C-Xv \-_n(-kz) C-kv-em-an-s‚ im-iz-X-am-bkw-kv-Im-cw F-∂ \n-e-°v \n-¿-tZ-in-®-X-√. B-cvk-emw ]-d-™m-epw A-Xp-t]m-se a-S-°p-I, A-s√-¶n-¬ h-¿-[n-∏n-®v a-S-°p-I F-∂m-Wv hn-ip-≤Izp-¿-B-≥ im-iz-X-am-b a-cym-Z F-∂ \n-e-bv-°v ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Pq-X-˛ In-kv-Xym-\n-I-ƒ \-_n-°pwap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°pw k-emw ]-d-bp-∂ k-µ-¿-`-Øn-¬A- m-ap A-sse-Ipw(-\n-\-°v a-c-Ww) F-∂v ]-d-bm-dp-≠v. Cu k-µ-¿-`-Øn-¬ am-X-am-Wv h A-sse-Ipw F-∂v am-Xw a-dp-]-Sn ]-d-bp-hm-≥ \-_n(-kz)I-ev-]n-°p-∂-Xv. a-‰p-≈ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ C-Xv hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.

¿G º©∏°U ¬∏dG ∫ƒ°SQ ≠`∏H ÉŸ ∫É`b (Q) Iôµ`H »``HG ø`Y ød ∫É```b iô°``ùc âæH º¡«∏`Y Gƒµ∏è ~`b ¢SQÉà π``gCG

(…QÉîÑdG) ICGôeG ºgôeG Gƒdh Ωƒb í∏ØjA-_q-_-Iv-d(d) \n-th-Z-\w: t]-¿-jy-°m-¿ A-

h-cp-sS cm-⁄n-bm-bn In-kv-dm cm-Pm-hn-s‚ ]p-Xn-sb A-h-tcm-[n-®p-sh-∂ hm-¿-Ø tI-´-t∏m-ƒ \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: X-ß-fp-sS `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw H-cpkv-Xo-bn-¬ A-¿-∏n-® P-\-X hn-P-bw ]m-]n-°p-I-bn-√ (_p-Jm-cn 4425)

C-Xv C-kv-em-an-s‚ H-cp A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-am-bn\-_n(-kz) ]-d-™-X-√. t]-¿-jy-°m-sc-bpw A-[n-Im-c-Øn-¬ h-∂ kv-Xo-sb-bpw H-cp ]-tXy-I ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn-¬ \-_n(-kz) B-t£-]n-®v ]-d-™-Xvam-X-am-Wv. ]p-cp-j-∑m-sc-°m-ƒ kv-Xo-I-ƒ-°v ]-iv-\ \n¿[m-c-W-Øn\pw -c-Ww \-S-Øp-hm-\pw km-[n-°p-sa-∂v _n-¬-°o-kv cm-⁄n-bp-sS I-Y-bn-eq-sS Izp¿-B≥ hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. Nn-e-¿ Cu l-Zo-kn-s‚ km-l-N-cy-hpw k-µ-¿-`-hpw K-ln-°m-sX-bm-Wv kv-Xo-I-ƒ-°v bm-sXm-cp cw-K-Øpw `-c-W-


t\-Xr-Xzw G-s‰-Sp-°p-hm-\pw `-cn-°p-hm-\pw ]m-Sn-s√-∂v hm-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. kp-sse-am-≥ \-_n(-A)-tbm-Spw \mw bp-≤w sN-øp-Isb-∂v ]-´m-fw ]-d-™-t∏m-ƒ kp-sse-am-≥(A) \-_n-bm-tWm F-∂v B-Zyw ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I. \-_n-bm-sW-\v sX-fn-™m-¬ bp-≤w sN-bv-Xn-´v ^-e-an-√. A-Xn-\m-¬ B a-l-Xn \-_n-bm-tWm F-∂v ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-hm-≥ B-Zyw k-Ωm-\w sIm-Sp-Ø-b-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-Xv kzo-I-cn-®m-¬ \-_n-b-s√-∂v hy-‡-am-bn. A-t∏m-ƒ bp-≤w sN-ømw. kzo-I-cn-®n-s√-¶n-¬ \-_n-bm-Wv. bp-≤w sN-bv-Xn-´v ^-e-an-√. C-]-Im-cw _n-¬-Jo-kv]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-Øp-I-bm-Wv. A-h-ƒ ap-kv-en-am-bti-j-hpw A-h-fp-sS `-c-Ww A-h-sf G-ev-]n-®p-sh-∂v X-^v-ko-¿ P-em-sse-\n-bn-¬-t]m-epw ]-d-bp-∂-Xv Im-Wmw.

(~ªMCG) ¢ûjôb ‘ áaÓÿG º©∏°U ¬∏dG ∫ƒ°SQ ∫Éb\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: `-c-Ww Izp-ssd-in-I-fn-em-

Wv(-A-lv-a-Zv), t\-Xm-°-∑m-¿ Izp-ssd-in-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v am-X-am-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn), F-s∂-√mw \-_n(-kz)]-kv-Xm-hn-®-Xm-bn D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. tI-c-f-Øn-se hy-h-km-b-a-¥n-bpw hn-Zym-`ym-k-a-¥n-bpw Izp-ssd-in-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Izp-ssd-in-I-fm-b Fw F-¬ F am-¿-°pw Fw ]n am-¿-°pw am-X-ta ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ thm-´p sN-bv-Xv `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw \-¬-Ip-hm-≥ ]m-Sp-≈q F-∂-√ \-_n(-kz) C-hn-sS ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. C-Xv a-X-Øn-s‚ im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hp-am-b H-cp \n-b-aw \-_n(-kz) hn-h-cn-®-X-√. X-s‚ a-c-W-ti-jw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb G-Xv tKm-X-Øn-¬ \n-∂v sX-c-s™-Sp-°-Ww F-∂-Xn-\v H-cp]-cn-lm-cw \-_n(-kz) \n-¿-tZ-in-®-Xv am-X-am-Wv. \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)s\ \n-›-bn-®-Xp-t]m-se.

’ íàØdG Ωƒj º`©∏`°U »ÑædG ∫É``b (Q) ¢SÉ`Ñ`Y ø`HG ø`Y(…QÉîÑdG) áµe íàa ~©H Iôég

C-_v-\p A-∫m-kv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) a-°m hn-P-b-Øn-s‚ Zn-h-kw ]-d-™p: a-°m hn-P-b-Øn-\p-ti-jw ln-Pv-d-bn-√ (_p-Jm-cn 3077). a-°m-bn-¬ \n-∂v ln-Pv-d t]m-Ip-hm-≥ \-_n(-kz) kz-lm-_n-am-tcm-Sv I-¬-]n-®n-cp-∂p. a-° ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v A-[o-\-am-b-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn ]-kv-Xp-X ln-Pv-d Zp-¿-_-e-am-bn F-∂m-Wv \-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. a-X-Øn-s‚ im-iz-X-hpw s]m-Xp-hm-b-Xp-am-b \n-b-a-a-√. Im-c-Ww ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n(-kz)sb A-√m-lp \n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv Izp-¿-B-s‚ X-Xz-ß-ƒ-°v F-Xn-cm-bn]-Jym-]n-°p-hm-\-√. hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-¬ [m-cm-fw kq-‡-ß-fn-¬ ln-Pv-d-bp-sS ]m-[m-\y-hpw A-Xn-s‚ a-l-Xz-hpw k-¿-h ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Spw ]-d-bp-∂-Xv Im-Wmw.

\-_n(-kz) sIm-ºv sh-°p-hm-≥ \n-¿-tZ-in-® l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw) \-_n(-kz) kq-∏vIp-Sn-°p-hm-≥ I-ev-]n-® l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ(-_p-Jm-cn, ap-

kv-enw), \-_n(-kz) X-e-∏m-hv [-cn-®-Xm-bn ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw), \-_n(-kz)sXm-∏n [-cn-®-Xm-bn ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw), \-_n(-kz) Pp-∫ [-cn-®-Xm-bn ]-d-bp-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw) Pq-X-∑m-cv-°v F-Xn-cm-Ip-hm-≥ sN-cn-∏v [-cn-®v \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ \-_n(-kz) \n-¿-tZ-in-®-Xv. tKm-X-ºv, _m-¿-en F-∂n-h n-Xzv-¿ k-Im-Øm-bn \-¬-Ip-hm-≥ \-_n(-kz) I-ev-]n-®-Xv. C-h-sb-√mw km-l-N-cy-hpwNp-‰p-]m-Spw ]-cn-K-Wn-®v hym-Jym-\n-t°-≠-h-bm-Wv.

\-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-¬ C-am-an-\v sX-‰v ]-‰n-bm-¬ kv-Xo-I-fpw ]p-cp-j-∑m-sc-t∏m-se X-kv-_o-lv sNm-√-Ww. ssI-b-Sn-°p-hm-≥ ]m-Sn-√. sh-≈n-bm-gv-NZn-h-kw Jp-Xp-_ B-cw-`n-®m-¬ X-ln-ø-Øv \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ ]m-Sn-√. C-amw D-d-s° Hm-Xp-tºm-ƒ]n-∂n-ep-≈-h-¿ ^m-Xn-l-t]m-epw Hm-Xp-hm-≥ ]m-Sn-√. Ir-jn D-Xv-]m-Z-\w A-ev-]-am-sW-¶n-epw k-Im-Øv \-¬-I-Ww. ^m-Xn-l Hm-Xn-bn-ń-s√-¶n-epw\-a-kv-Im-cw kz-lo-lm-Ipw. bm-X-bn-¬ Iz-kzv-dm-°n-bpw Pw-Av B-°n-bpw \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ ]m-Sn-√ F-s∂-√mw a-Zv-l-_n-s‚ Nn-e C-am-ap-I-fpw a-‰pw ]-d-™-Xv A-h-¿-°v l-Zo-kv e-`n-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-t≠m A-h-¿ l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-ƒ B-b-Xp-sIm-t≠m A-√. ]-Xyp-X ta¬hn-h-cn-® hy-h-ÿ-I-ƒA-h-¿ Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-Xp-sIm-≠pw A-Xn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿ-m-\-Øn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu XXz-ß-sf-∏-‰n-sbm∂pw th≠X Ah-t_m-[-an-√mØ Nne¿ aX-]-am-W-ßƒ ssIøm-fp-∂-Xns‚ e-am-Wv-A-]m-tbm-Kn-I-amb XvhX-Ifpw lZokv \ntj[ apd-hn-fn-I-fp-ap-b-cp-∂-sX∂v GXv \njv]£ am\-k\pw a\- n-cpØn Nn¥n-®m¬ t_m[yw hcp-∂-Xm-Wv.

’ ¬`∏dG ≈≤d øe º`©∏``°U ¬∏dG ∫ƒ``°SQ ∫Éb (Q)PÉ©è øY ∫É`b ?¢SÉ`ædG ô°`ûHG ’G ∫Éb áæ÷G πNO ÉÄ«°T ¬H ∑ô°ûj

(…QÉîÑdG) Gƒ∏µàj ¿G ±ÉNG ÊG ’ap-B-Zv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: h-√-

h-\pw A-√m-lp-hn-¬ bm-sXm-∂pw ]-¶v tN-¿-°m-sX A-h-s\ I-≠p-ap-ń-bm-¬ kz-¿-K-Øn-¬ ]-th-in-°pw. A-t∏m-ƒ A-t±-lw tNm-Zn-®p. Rm-≥ P-\-ß-sf Cu k-t¥m-j-hm-¿-Ø A-dn-bn-°-s´-tbm?\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: th-≠. P-\-ß-ƒ A-Xn-s\-am-Xw A-h-ew-_-am-°p-sa-∂v Rm-≥ `-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.(_p-Jm-cn 129, ap-kv-enw 53). CXp-t]mse hn-ip-≤ Izp-¿-B-\n-se h-√ kq-‡-hpw ]-t_m-[-\w sN-øm-Xn-cn-°p-hm-≥ \-_n(-kz) H-cm-tfm-Spw \n-¿-tZ-in-®n-ń-√.

CXn¬ \ns∂√mw Izp¿-B\pw lZokpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw kpXcmw hy‡-am-Wv. F∂n´pwIzp¿-B≥ H∂mw ]am-Whpw lZokv c≠mw ]am-W-hp-am-sW-∂va-\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-h-cpsSNn¥m-ti-jn-bpsS Imcyw A¤pXw Xs∂! #


""\-Ωp-sS k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-b C-¥y-≥ ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS i-aw C-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-¬ l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\w ]u-c-kv-Xy-ta-J-e-bn-¬ \n-∂v \m-am-h-ti-j-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu-Pn-]v-Xv, imw, C-dm-Jv, ln-Pm-kv F-∂ota-J-e-I-fn-¬ ln-Pv-d ]-Ømw \q-‰m-≠p-ap-X-¬ B-cw-`n-® Zu-¿-_-eyw ]-Xn -\m-emw \q-‰m -≠n-s‚ B-cw-` -tØm-sS ]m-c-ay-Øn-¬ F-Øn'' (k-øn-Zv d-io-Zv cn-Zm)

hy-‡n-]-c-am-bpw kw-L-Sn-X-am-bp-ap-≈ i-a-ß-fn-eq-sS kz-lm-_-

Øn-s‚ Im-e-L-´-Øn-¬ X-s∂ C-¥y-bn-¬ C-kv-emw ]-N-cn-®n-cp-∂p. C-¥y-bpsS ]-Sn-™m-d-≥ Xo-c-ß-fn-eq-sS \n-c-¥-cw I-∏-¬ Hm-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ \m-hn-I-cpw I-®-h-S-°m-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p A-Xn-¬ap-Jy-]-¶v h-ln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. kn-‘v, Kp-P-dm-Øv, a-e-_m-¿ ]-tZ-i-ß-ƒ A-d-_n-I-fp-sS hn-lm-c-tI-µ-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

D-adp_v\p¬ -J-Øm-_v(-d)s‚ Im-e-Øv C-¥y-≥ ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-te-°v ssk-\n-I-\o-°-hpw \-S-∂p.l-I-bn-_v-\p A-_n-¬ B-kzn- Xm-\-bpw I-®p-a-S-°-ap-≈ ]-tZ-i-ß-fpw, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ k-tlm-Z-c-≥ ap-Ko-d C-t∏m-ƒ I-dm-®n-bn-¬ ÿn-Xn sN-øp-∂ Zm-_-¬ ]-tZ-i-ß-fpw P-bn-®-S-°n. Cu ssk-

A_vZp¿dlvam≥ aßmSv

teJ\w

lZokv ]T\w C¥y-bn¬hy-‡n-]-c-am-bpw kw-L-Sn-X-am-bp-ap-≈ i-a-ß-fn-eq-sS kz-lm-_-Øn-s‚Im-e-L-´-Øn-¬ X-s∂ C-¥y-bn-¬ C-kv-emw ]-N-cn-®n-cp-∂p. C-¥y-bpsS]-Sn-™m-d-≥ Xo-c-ß-fn-eq-sS \n-c-¥-cw I-∏-¬ Hm-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ \m-hn-I-cpw I-®-h-S-°m-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p A-Xn-¬ ap-Jy-]-¶v h-ln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. kn-‘v, Kp-P-dm-Øv, a-e-_m-¿ ]-tZ-i-ß-ƒ A-d-_n-I-fp-sS hn-lm-c-tI-µ-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.


\n-I-cn-¬ ]-ap-J kz-lm-_n-I-fpw Xm-_n-D-I-fpwD-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

ln.93¬ ap-l-Ω-Zv _n-≥ Izm-kn-an-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ ssk-\yw kn-‘v, ap-ƒ-´m-≥, ]-tZ-i-ß-ƒ Io-g-S-°p-I-I-bpw A-hn-S-ß-fn-¬ hn-im-e-am-b C-kv-em-an-I km-am-Pyw ÿm-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ln. 159¬ J-eo-^ a-lv-Zn- C-¥y-bn-te-°-b-® ssk-\y-Øn-¬ c-≠v ]-ap-J ap-l-±n-kp-I-ƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. H-∂v ssi-Jv d-_o-D-_v-\p- -_o-lvA-¬-_-kz-cn. I-iv-^p-≈p-\q-≥ C-t±-l-sØ-°p-dn-®v C-ßs\ ]-d-bp-∂p. C-kv-em-an-¬ A-[ym-b-ß-ƒXn-cn-®v K-Ÿ-c-N-\ \-S-Øn-b B-Zy-hy-‡n-bm-Wn-t±-lw. Xz-_-Izm-Øv C-_v-\p-k-Av-Zn-¬ C-ßs\hm-bn-°mw. ""k-ap-Z-am-¿-Kw t]m-cm-fn-bm-bn A-t±-lw C-¥y-bn-te-°v ]p-d-s∏-´p. a-c-W-s∏-´-t∏m-ƒ(ln. 160) C-¥y-≥ k-ap-Z-Øn-se H-cp Zzo-]n-¬ A-t±-l-sØ Iz-_v-d-S-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp (hm. 7, t]-Pv 36)

a-s‰m-cp ]-ap-J ap-l-±n-km-Wv Xm-_n-Av B-bl-_m-_v C-_v-\p-^-fm-e. \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS tk-h-I-\m-b A-\-kp-_v-\p-am-en-In-s\ A-t±-lw t\-cn-¬ I-≠n-´p-≠v. (ao-km-\p-¬ C-Av-Xn-Zm-¬ hm.1, t]-Pv 28). kn-‘n-¬ \n-∂v a-‰pw [m-cm-fw ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-Øn-\m-bn A-d-_v \m-Sp-I-fn-te-°v t]m-bn-cp-∂p. a-lv-ap-Zv K-kv-\n-bp-sS B-I-a-W-Øn-\p ap-ºv ln. 375¬ kn-‘v k-µ-¿-in-®v A-_v-Zp-¬-Jm-knw a-Jv-Zn-kn C-ßs\ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

"A-h-cn-¬ A-[n-I-t]-cpw l-Zo-kn-\-\p-k-cn-®v Po-hn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. tIm-S-Xn hn-[n-I-ƒ l-\-^n a-Zv-l-_v A-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv \-S-°p-∂-Xv. am-en-In, l-≥-_-en a-Zv-l-_p-I-tfm ap-Av-X-kn-eo Nn-¥-tbmA-hn-sS I-≠n-√. ]-£-]m-Xn-Xzw, Ip-g-∏w, Xo-h-X F-∂n-h-bn-¬ \n-∂v A-h-¿ ap-‡-cm-Wv.

kn-‘v, a-≥-kq-d tZ-_-¬ Xp-S-ßn-b ÿ-e-ß-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-b [m-cm-fw ap-l-±n-kp-I-sf C-°m-e-L-´-Øn-¬ \-ap-°v Im-Wm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn A-_q-a-Av-i-¿ \-Po-ln-_v-\p A-_v-Zp-¿-d-lv-am-\p- n-‘n(-a.-ln. 170), A-_q A-_v-Zn√ ap-l-Ω-Zp-_v-\p d-Pm-D- n-‘o (a.-ln. 246) A-¬-lm-^n-Zv A-_q-_-°-¿ ap-l-Ω-Zv _v-\p d-Pm-D- n-‘n (ln. 286) ap-l-±n-kv A-_p-¬-A-∫m-kvA-lv-a-Zv-_v-\p ap-l-Ω-Zv-_v-\p kzm-en-lp-¬ a-≥-kzq-cn, A-_q ap-l-Ω-Zv A-_v-Zp-√m-ln-_v-\p P-Av-^-¿-_v-\p ap-¿-d: A-¬-a-≥-kzq-cn(-a.-ln. 390) A-_q-P-Av-^-¿ ap-l-Ω-Zp-_v-\p C-_v-dm-lo-ap-±o-_-en Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿ A-h-cn-¬ Nn-e-¿ am-Xw.

ln-Pv-d A-©mw \q-‰m-≠vln-Pv-d A-©mw \q-‰m-≠n-¬ kp-¬-Xzm-≥ \m-kzn-

dp-±o-≥ k-_v-Kv-X-Ko-≥, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]p-X-≥ kp-¬-Xzm-≥ a-lv-aq-Zv K-kv-\n (360-˛421) F-∂n-h-cn-eq-sS-bm-Wv C-¥y-bn-¬ C-kv-emw ho-≠pw ap-t∂-‰w\-S-Øn-b-Xv. ]-fin-X-\pw, I-hn-bpw F-gp-Øp-Im-c-

\p-am-bn-cp-∂ kp-¬-Xzm-≥.-hn-⁄m-\-ß-fp-sS kp-h-¿-W-Im-e-L-´-am-bn-cp-∂p ]-kv-Xp-X Im-ew. I-¿-a-im-kv-X Ko-°v hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-fn-epw l-\-ôI-¿-a-im-kv-X-k-c-Wn-bn-epw hn-Z-Kv-[-cm-bn-cp-∂p A-[n-I-]-fin-X-∑m-cpw. ]n-∂o-Sv h-∂ tKm-dn-Im-e-L-´w hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂-I-ep-I-bpw l-Zo-kn-s\ A-h-K-Wn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \m-emw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ A-h-km-\ ]m-Xn-bn-¬ kn-‘n-¬ kzm-[o-\w sN-ep-Øn-b C-kv-am-Cu-eo-_m-Xzn-\n hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS kzm-[o-\-am-bn-cp-∂p C-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww. H-≥]-Xmw \q-‰m-≠p-h-sc Cu A-h-ÿ Xp-S-¿-∂p.U-°m-\n-se-bpw Kp-P-dm-Øn-se-bpw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS Im-e-Øm-Wv ]n-∂o-Sv l-Zo-kv im-J-bv°v]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-≠m-b-Xv.

C-°m-e-L-´-Øn-se G-‰-hpw ]-i-kv-X-\m-b ap-l-±n-km-Wv C-amw k-Km-\n F-∂ t]-cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ ap-l-±n-kv A-_p-¬-^-k-¬ dn-f-±o-≥. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]-i-kv-X-l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-fm-Wv an-kzv-_m-lp-±p-Pm -ô l-Zo-kn-¬ ap-kv-Xz-^m.

K-kv-\n, tKm-dn `-c-W-Im-e-ß-ƒ I-¿-a-im-kv-XK-Ÿ-ß-fpw a-Zv-l-_o ]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-hpw sIm-Sn-Ip-Øn-hm-gp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-°m-e-sØ l-Zo-kv]-fin-X-\m-b \n-km-ap-±o-≥ _-Zm-bq-\n(634-˛725)¬\n-∂v H-cp kw-`-hw D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv X-Izveo-Zn-s‚ B-gw A-f-°m-≥ D-]-I-cn-°pw. _-Zm-bp-\n- Km-\w tI-ƒ-°m-≥ C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂ hy-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.]-fin-X-∑m-¿ A-Xn-s\ I-¿-i-\-am-bn hn-e-°p-∂-h-cpw. Cu kw-`-hw Kn-bm-kp-±o-≥ Xp-•-°n-s‚ ap-≥]n-se-Øn. A-t±-lw I-¿-a-im-kv-X-Im-c-∑m-sc-bpw]-fin-X-∑m-sc-bpw £-Wn-®p-h-cp-Øn Cu hn-j-b-Øn-¬ H-cp hm-Z-]-Xn-hm-Zw \-S-Øn. ap-l-±n-kv\n-km-ap-±o-≥ Km-\w i-hn-°m-≥ A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW-∂v Im-Wn-°p-∂ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ D-≤-cn-°p-tºm-sg-√mw a-dp-]-£-Øn-s‚ ]-Xn-I-c-Ww C-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ""\-Ωp-sS \m-ń-¬ l-Zo-kp-I-tf-°m-ƒ n-Izv-ln-∂m-Wv ]m-[m-\yw. C-amw im-^nCu sX-fn-hm-bn kzo-I-cn-® l-Zo-kv l-\-^n-I-fm-b \-ap-°vkzo-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ \n-¿-hm-l-an-√. A-t±-lw \-Ωp-sS a-Zv-l-_n-s‚ i-Xp-hm-Wv'' (A- -Jm-^-Øp-¬C-kv-em-an-ø, A-_v-Zp-¬-l-øp-¬ l-k-\o)

Kp-P-dm-Øn-se ap-f-^-¿ `-c-Ww U-°m-\n-se_m-lv-an-\n `-c-Ww F-∂n-h-bp-sS Io-gn-¬ l-Zo-kvhn-⁄m-\w C-¥y-bn-¬ ]-S-¿-∂v ]-¥-en-®p. Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-¬ C-_v-\p-l-P --dn¬ A-kv-Iz-em-\n (a.-ln. 852)-bp-sS Xp-ey-X-bn-√m-Ø l-Zo-kv tk-h-\-hpw X-∑q-e-ap-≈ ]-i-kv-Xn-bpw ]m-c-ay-Øn-se-Øn-b k-µ-¿-`-am-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv. C-amw k-Jm-hn-bpw k-I-cn-ø-¬ A-≥-kzm-cn-bpw C-_v-\p-l-P-dn(-d)s‚ in-jy-∑m-cm-Wv. C-_v-\p l-P-dn-¬ ssl-X-an-bm-I-s´ k-I-cn-ø-¬ A-≥-kzm-cn-bp-sS in-jy-\pw. C-°m-e-b-f-hn-¬ C-¥y-bn-¬ \n-∂v ln-Pm-kn-te-°pw Xn-cn-®p-ap-≈ ]-fin-X bm-X hym-]-I-hpw km-¿-h-Xn-I-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.


C-_v-\p-l-P-dn¬ A-kv-Iz-em-\n-bp-sS ]-ap-J in-jy-\m-b ssi-Jv b-Av-Izq-_v-_v-\p A-_v-Zp-¿-d-lv-am-≥(789-˛843) _m-lv-an-\n-b kp-¬-Xzm-≥ A-lv-a-Zvjm-lv H-∂m-a-s‚ Im-e-Øv t_mw-s_ h-gn Kp-¬-_-¿-K-bn-se-Øn Xm-a-kn-®p. C-am-Zp-±o-≥ a-lv-aq-Zv-_v-\p ap-l-Ω-Zp-¬ ssI-em-\n _m-lv-an-\n kp-¬-Xzm-≥ A-em-D-±o-≥ jm-bp-sS Im-e-Øv U-°m-\n-¬ Xm-a-kn-®p.

C-amw k-Jm-hn-bp-sS in-jy-]-c-º-c-bn-¬ s]-´[m-cm-fw-t]-¿ C-¥y-bn-se-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ssi-Jv h-Po-lp-±o-≥ ap-l-Ω-Zp-¬ am-en-In (929) P-am-ep-±o-≥ ap-l-Ω-Zp-¬ l-fv-d-an (a.930), ap-l-±o-kv d-ô-D-±o-≥ io-dm-kn(954) ssi-Jv Jp-Xp-_p-±o-\p-¬ A-∫m-kn Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿ A-h-cn-¬ Nn-e-cm-Wv.

ssi-Jv A-_v-Zp-¬-ap-Av-Xzn _m-I-ko-dp-¬ a-°n(a. 989) ssi-Jv in-lm-_p-±o-≥ A-lv-a-Zp-¬ A-∫m-kn (992) Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿ C-¥y-bn-¬ F-Øn-bC-amw k-Jm-hn-bp-sS in-jy-∑m-cm-Wv.

C-_v-\p-l-P-dn-¬ ssl-X-an-bp-sS in-jy-∑m-cm-b ssi-Jv ap-l-Ω-Zv-_v-\p A-_v-Zp-√m-ln ^m-In-lm-\n, ssi-Jv b-Av-Izq-_p-¬ I-iv-ao-cn, A-_v-Zp-¬ K-\n A-¬-Kw tKm-ln Xp-S-ßn-b A-kw-Jywap-l-±n-kp-I-fm-b in-jy-∑m-cpw C-¥y-bp-sS hn-hn-[ `m-K-ß-fn-¬ l-Zo-kv ]-Nm-c-W-Øn-\p i-an-®n-´p-≠v.

]-Ømw \q-‰m-≠n-se a-‰p ]-ap-J l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-en-øp-¬ ap-Ø-Jn-bpw(a.996), A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ in-jy-]-c-º-c-bpw-˛-]-i-kv-Xl-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\-tIm-i-am-b I-≥-kp-¬ D-Ωm-¬ô kp-\-\n-¬ A-Izv-hm-en h-¬ A-^v-B-¬' A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ c-N-\-bm-Wv. C-Xv B-Zy-am-bn A-®-Sn-®-Xv ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-em-Wv. ln-Pv-d 913¬ A-¥-cn-®"a-Pv-a-D _n-lm-dn-¬ A-≥-hm-¿ o K-dm-C-_n-Ø-≥-ko-¬ h-e-Xzm-C-^n-¬ A-Jv-_m-¿' F-∂ K-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ I-¿-Øm-hp-am-b ap-l-±n-kv A-√m-am ap-l-Ω-Zv_v-\p Xzm-ln-dp-¬ -X-\n B Im-e-L-´-Øn-se a-s‰m-cp ap-l-±n-km-Wv.

Kp-P-dm-Øv, U-°m-≥ ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se `-c-Ww£-bn-°p-I-bpw U-¬-ln-bn-se tI-µo-Ir-X -c-W-Øn-≥-Io-gn-¬ B-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-t∏m-ƒ ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ A-tßm-´v ]-h-ln-®p. Xp-S-¿-∂v A-Iv-

_-dn-s‚ Im-e-Øn-s‚ A-h-km-\Øn-¬ c-≠v ]-cn-jv-I-¿-Øm-°-sf C-¥y-°v e-`n-®p. A-lv-a-Zp-_v-\pA-_v-Zp¬ A-l-Zv A-¬-ap-P-±n-Zp- -¿-l-µn-bpw, A-_v-Zp-¬-l-Jv ap-l-±n-kv ±-lv-e-hn-bp-am-Wv B c-≠p-t]-¿. ap-P-±n-sZ A-¬-^-km-\n-bp-sS i-a-^-e-am-bnA-Iv-_-dn-s‚ Zo-s\ C-em-ln A-]-Xy-£-am-hp-I-bpw P-\-ß-sf A-t±-lw Izp-¿-B-\n-te-°pw kp-∂-Øn-te-°pw £-Wn-°p-I-bpw h-gn sX-‰n-b kq-^n-k-sØ t\-sc-bm-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

£-tbm-∑p-J-am-b l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-Øn-\v ]p-\-¿P-∑w \-¬-In-b-Xv ssi-Jv A-_v-Zp-¬-l-Jv ap-l-±n-kvZ-lv-e-hn(958-˛1052)bpw k-¥m-\-]-c-º-c-bp-am-Wv.

im-lv h-en-øp-√m-ln-±-lv-e-hn (P. ln.1114)]-¥-≠mw \q-‰m-≠n-¬ C-¥y-bn-se ap-kv-enw

`-c-Ww N-I-izm-kw h-en-°p-∂ A-h-k-c-Øn-em-Wv imlv h-en-øp-√m-ln ±-lv-e-hn-bp-sS cw-K-]-th-iw. A-‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw I-£nh-g-°p-I-fpw ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-Øn-¬ \p-g-™p-I-b-dn. a-Zv-l-_v ]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-ß-fpw ^n-Jv-ln-s‚\n-jv-In-b-Xz-hpw X-k-∆p-^n-s‚ Zp-cp-]-tbm-K-hpwX-¿-°-im-kv-X-Øn-s‚ A-Xn-]-k-c-hpw l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-Øn-¬ \n-∂v P-\-ß-sf ]n-¥-≈n-b A-h-k-cw-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv. hn-izm-k-˛-I-¿-a-˛-Nn-¥m-cw-K-Øv Izp-¿-B-\n\pw l-Zo-kn-\pw ]m-ap-Jyw \-¬-In k-e-^p- zm-en-lp-I-fp-sS ]m-X-bn-te-°v D-Ω-Øn-s\ \-bn-® ]-Xn-`-bm-W-t±-lw.

X-s‚ k-a-Im-en-I-cpw in-jy-∑m-cp-am-b ap-l-±n-kv ap-l-Ω-Zv ^m-Jn-¿ C-e-l-_m-Zn(-ln.1120-˛1164)a-fv-^-¿-Pm-s\ Pm-≥ A-±-lv-e-hn, im-lv-A-_v-Zp-¬-A-ko-kv Z-lv-e-hn(1159-˛1239), im-lv A-_v-Zp-¬-Jm-Zn-¿ (1167-˛1253), im-lv d-ô-D-±o-≥ (1162-˛1233),im-lv A-_v-Zp-¬-K-\n (a.-ln. 1227) Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpw a-X-]p-\-cp-∞m-\ ]-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-epw C-¬-ap-¬ l-Zo-kn-s‚ ]-Nm-c-W-Øn-epw \n-kv-Xp-e ]-¶vh-ln-®-h-cm-Wv.

d-lo-an-ø kv-Iq-fn-¬-\n-∂v B-th-iw D-ƒ-s°m-≠ k-e-ô-[m-c-bn-eq-sS Nn-¥n-°p-I-bpw ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-h-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-_v-Zp-¬-l-øv A-¬-_-Zm-\-hn, \-hm-_v kn-±o-Izv l-k-≥ Jm-≥, \-Zo-¿ lp-ssk-≥ Z-lv-e-hn, hn-em-b-Xv A-en

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]-Ømw \q-‰m-≠n-se a-‰p ]-ap-J l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-en-øp-¬ ap-Ø-Jn-bpw(a. 996), A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ in-jy-]-c-º-c-bpw-˛-]-i-kv-X l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\-tIm-i-am-b I-≥-kp-¬ D-Ωm-¬ o kp-\-\n-¬ A-Izv-hm-en h-¬A-^v-B-¬' A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ c-N-\-bm-Wv. C-Xv B-Zy-am-bn A-®-Sn-®-Xv ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-em-Wv. ln-Pv-d 913¬ A-¥-cn-® "a-Pv-a-D _n-lm-dn-¬ A-≥-hm-¿ o K-dm-C-_n-Ø-≥-ko-¬ h-e-Xzm-C-^n-¬ A-Jv-_m-¿' F-∂ K-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ I-¿-Øm-hp-am-b ap-l-±n-kv A-√m-am ap-l-Ω-Zv _v-\p Xzm-ln-dp-¬ -X-\n B Im-e-L-´-Øn-se a-s‰m-cp ap-l-±n-km-Wv.


A-fo-am-_m-Zn, A-_v-Zp-¬-l-Izv A-¬-_-\m-d-kn Xp-S-ßn-b ]-ap-J ap-l-±n-kp-I-ƒ.

kn-±o-Izv l-k-≥-Jm-≥ K-Ÿ-c-N-\, ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww km-º-Øn-I k-lm-bw F-∂o \n-e-I-fn-¬]-h-¿-Øn-®-t∏m-ƒ ap-l-±o-kv \-Zo-¿ lp-ssk-≥ A-dp-]-Øn-c-≠v h-¿-jw \o-≠p-\n-∂ l-Zo-kv A-[ym-]-\-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv X-s‚ tk-h-\w hn-\n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. A-]-Im-in-X-hpw A-e-`y-hp-am-bn-cp-∂ [m-cm-fw K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ kz-¥w sN-e-hn-¬ A-®-Sn-®v ku-P-\y-am-bn hn-X-c-Ww sN-bv-Xp A-t±-lw. 262-e-[n-Iw A-d-_n c-N-\-I-fp-≈ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ l-Zo-kv Ir-Xn-I-ƒ Nn-e-Xv Xm-sg tN-¿-°p-∂p.

1) Hu-\p-¬ _m-cn ô l-√n A-Zn-√-Xn-¬ _p-Jm-cn, 2), A- n-dm-Pp-¬ h-lv-lm-Pv ô I-iv-^n a-Xzm-en-_n ap-Jv-X-k-dn k-lo-lv ap-kv-enw, 3) ^-Xv-lp-¬ A-√mw i-d-lv _p-eq-Kp-¬ a-dmw, 4) A-¬-lp-Øz: _n-Zn-Iv-cn- n-lm-ln n-Ø, 5) Xu-ô-Jp-¬ _m-cn-ô X-¿-Pp-a-Xn-¬ A-Z-_n-¬ ap-^v-d-Zven-¬ _p-Jm-cn

ap-l-±n-kv k-øn-Zv \-Zo-¿ lp-ssk-≥ Z-lv-e-hn-bp-sS K-Ÿ-I-¿-Øm-°-fm-b \q-dp-I-W-°n-\v in-jy-∑m-cn-¬ G-Xm-\pw t]-sc ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Smw.

A-¬-ap-l-±n-kp-¬ I-_o-¿ A-_q Xz-øn-_v ap-l-Ω-Zv iw-kp-¬ l-Jv A-fo-am-_m-Zn (1857-˛1911)

C-¥y-bn-se ]-ap-J ap-l-±n-kv. ]-ap-J c-N-\"Km-b-Xp-¬ a-Jv-kq-Zv ô ln-√n kp-\-\n A-_o-Zm-hq-Zv' A-_q-Zm-hq-Zn-se l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS k-\-Zp-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw a-Xv\p-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw k-hn-kv-X-cw hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂ K-Ÿw. a-s‰m-cp K-Ÿ-am-Wv "Hu-\p-¬ a-Av-_q-Zv A-em kp-\-\n A-_o-Zm-hq-Zv'. \nc-h[n hm-ey-ß-fp-≈-Xpw _r-l-Øm-b-Xp-am-b C-cp-K-Ÿ-ß-fpw C-¥y-°-I-Øpw ]p-d-Øp-am-bn hym-]-I-am-bn A-®-Sn-®p ]-N-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

a-s‰m-cp ]-ap-J in-jy-\m-Wv ap-l-±n-kp-¬ I-_o-¿ A-√ma A-_v-Zp-¿-d-lv-am-≥ C-_v-\p-¬ lm-^n-fv A-_v-Zp-d-lo-ap-¬ ap-_m-d-Iv-]q-cn(a-c-Ww ln.1353).-Xn-¿-an-Zn-bp-sS ]-i-kv-X hym-Jym-\-K-Ÿ-am-b Xp-lv-^-Xp-¬ A-lv-h-Zn-bm-Wv A-t±-l-Øn-s‚G-sd ]-k-kv-X-am-b K-Ÿw. A-t±-l-sa-gp-Xn-bB-bn-c-°-W-°n-\p t]-Pp-I-fp-≈ ap-Iz-±n-a-Xp Xp-lv-^-Xp-¬ A-lv-h-Zn F-∂ B-ap-Jw l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ B-[n-Im-cn-I ]-T-\-am-Wv.

k-\m-D-√m A-ar-X--l-cn, ap-l-±n-kv A-_v-Zp-¬-l-Jv A-¬-ap-¬-Øm-\n, A-ao-d-en a-eo-lm-_m-Zn-Xp-S-ßn-b H-´-[n-Iw in-jy-∑m-cp-≠v ap-l-±n-kv \-Zo-¿lp-ssk-\v. C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-Øv A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ [m-cm-fw A-d-_v hw-i-P-cm-b ap-l-±n-kp-I-fpwA-t±-l-Øn-s‚ in-jy-∑m-cm-Wv. hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-Øn-\p A-h-k-c-an-√m-Ø-Xv-sIm-≠v am-‰n-sh-bv-°p-∂p.ssi-Jv ap-l-Ω-Zp-_v-≥ A-_v-Zp-¿-d-lv-am-≥ _n-≥ l-k-≥ _v-\p-ss»-Jv ap-l-Ω-Zv _n-≥ A-_v-Zp-¬-h-lv-lm-_v (1276-˛1319) ]-ap-J sam-tdm-t°m ]-fin-X-≥ X-Jn-øp-±o-≥ ln-em-ep-¬ a-dm-In-in Xp-S-ßn-b

hn-tZ-i ]-fin-X-∑m-cpw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-in-jy-]-c-º-c-bn-¬ s]-Sp-∂p.

l-\-ô kv-Iq-ƒC-¥y-bnse l-Zo-kv im-J-bv-°v i-t≤-b-am-b

kw-`m-h-\-I-ƒ \-¬-In-b l-\-ô [m-c-bn-se ]-fin-X-∑m-cm-Wv ap-l-Ω-Zv Jm-knw \m-\q-Xz-hn-bpwd-jo-Zv A-lv-a-Zv Kw-tKm-ln-bpw. A-h-cp-sS in-jy-]-c-º-c-bpw. ln.1283/1867¬ Z-bq-_-µn-¬ ap-l-Ω-Zv Im-knw \m-\q-Xz-hn ÿm-]n-® l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-tI-µ-am-Wv Zm-dp-¬ D-eqw Z-bq-_-µv. C-tX k-µ-¿-`-Øn-¬ X-s∂ im-lv ap-l-Ω-Zv C-km-lm-Jv Z-lv-e-hn-bp-sS in-jy-\m-b ap-l-±n-kv A-lv-a-Z-en k-lm-d-≥-]q-cn ÿm-]n-®-Xm-Wv a-fm-ln-dp-¬ D-eqw k-lm-d-≥-]q-¿. Cu c-≠p ÿm-]-\-ß-fpw l-Zo-kv im-J-bv-°v \-¬-In-b kw-`m-h-\ A-hn-X-¿-°n-X-am-Wv.

Cu ÿm-]-\-ß-ƒ C-¥y-bv-°v \-¬-In-b kw-`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv ssi-Jp-¬-ln-µv a-l-aq-Zp-¬ l-k-≥ Z-bq-_-µn(1268-˛1339). ssi-Jv A-lv-a-Zv l-k-≥ Aw-tdm-ln (a.-ln.1330). ss^-fp-¬ _m-cn A-em kz-lo-ln-¬ _p-Jm-cn F-∂ K-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ I-¿-Øm-hm-b A-≥-h-¿-jm-lv I-iv-ao-cn(1292-˛1352). A-iv-d-^v A-en-Ym-\-hn, lp-ssk-≥ A-lv-a-Zv a-Z-\n,i-_o-¿ A-lv-a-Zp-¬ D-kv-am-\n (1369) Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]-kn-≤ ap-kv-enw hym-Jym-\-K-Ÿ-am-Wv ^-Xv-lp-¬ ap-¬-lnw.

A-≥-h-¿-jm I-iv-ao-cn-bp-sS in-jy-∑m-¿ -Jv-dp-±o-\p-¬ ap-dm-Zm-_m-Zn, ap-l-Ω-Zv bq-kp-^p-¬ _-\q-cn(1397), l-_o-_p-¿-d-lv-am-\p-¬ A-Av-f-an, ap-l-Ω-Zv a-≥-kzq-¿ \p-Av-am-\n Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿. Xn-¿-an-Zn-bp-sS hym-Jym-\-am-b a-B-cn-^p- p-\-≥ ap-l-Ω-Zv bp-kp-^p-¬ _-\q-cn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.

a-fm-lndp-¬ k-lm-d-≥-]q-cn-bp-sS k-¥-Xn-I-fm-Wv J-eo-¬ A-lv-a-Zv k-lm-d-≥-]q-cn (1269-˛1346),ap-l-Ω-Zv bq-kp-^p-¬ Im-t¥-e-hn (a.-ln. 1384),au-em-\m C-^-¿ A-lv-a-Zp-¬ D-kv-am-\n (1396), ap-l-Ω-Zv B-in-Jv C-em-lo ao-d-Øn Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿.˛-C-amw am-en-In-s‚ ap-h-Xz-bp-sS hym-Jym-\-K-Ÿ-am-b Hu-P-kp-¬ a-km-en-In-s‚ I-¿-Øm-hm-Wv ap-l-Ω-Zv bq-kp-^p-¬ I-t¥-e-hn-˛ -d-¶n a-l-¬ Ip-Spw-_-hpw A-Xn-se ]-ap-Jmw-K-am-b A-_p-¬-l-k-\m-Øv A-_v-Zp-¬-l-øv e-Jv-\-hn-bpw in-jy-]-c-º-c-bpw l-Zo-kn-\p sN-bv-X a-l-Øm-b tk-h-\-ß-ƒ kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.

P-am-A-Øp- -e-^n-ø (_-\m-d-kv) Zm-dp-¬ l-Zo-kn¿-d-lv-am-\n-ø (Z-¬-ln) Pm-an-A Zm-dp- -emw(D-a-dm-_m-Zv) Xp-S-ßn-b ÿm-]-\-ß-ƒ l-Zo-kv ssh-⁄m-\n-I ta-J-e-°v a-l-Øm-b kw-`m-h-\-I-ƒ A-¿-∏n-®-h-bm-Wv.

B-[p-\n-I C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-Øv i-t≤-b-\m-b l-Zo-kv \n-cq-]-I-≥ lw-k A-_v-Zp-√ a-e-_m-cn-sb C-hn-sS A-\p-kv-a-cn-t°-≠ tI-c-fo-b hy-‡n-Xz-am-Wv. #


]T\w

tUm. A_vZp√ ap≥Cw \an¿

d -kq-en-s‚ l-Zo-kp-I-tfm-Sv B-flm-¿-Y-X Im-Wn-°p-∂-h-¿ k-\-Zv(-dn-t∏m-¿-´-¿-am-cp-sS ]-c-º-c) t\m-°nA-h-sb A-cn-∏-bn-en-´v ]-_-e-am-b-h-sb-bpw A-√m-Ø-h-sb-bpw th-¿Xncn-°p-∂ ]-In-b \-S-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w l-Zo-kn-s‚ hm-°p-I-sf(a-Xv\v) -∏-‰n-bp-≈ A-t\z-j-Ww \-S-Øm-\pw A-h-¿-°v hn-´p-t]m-bn-ń-√.C-Ø-cw hm-°p-I-ƒ A-s√-¶n-¬ Cuhn-j-bw d-kq-en-¬-\n-∂v h-cm-≥ km-[y-X-bp-t≠m F-∂v ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-≥ hym-P-am-b-Xpw A-√m-Ø-Xpw th-¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v th-≠n A-h-¿ Nn-e am-\-Z-fi-ß-ƒ sh-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. C-_v-\p-Z-IzoIzv ]-d-bp-∂p: ]-e-t∏m-gpw hym-Pw F-∂v A-h-¿ hn-[n-sb-gp-Xp-I l-Zo-kn-s‚ hm-°p-I-ƒ ]-cn-K-Wn-®m-Wv. \-_n-bp-sShm-°p-I-ƒ \n-¥-c-am-bn ho-£n-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS A-t±-l-Øn-¬ \n-∂v h-cm-≥ km-[y-X-bp-≈-Xpw A-√m-Ø-Xpw A-h-¿ a-\- n-em-°p-∂p. dn-t∏m-¿-´-dp-sS A-h-ÿ-bp-sS e-£-W-tØ-°m-ƒ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-ø-s∏-´-Xn-s‚ A-h-ÿ-sIm-≠m-Wv hym-P-am-b-Xv a-\- n-em-hp-I''. Im-c-Ww hym-P-am-bnl-Zo-kv \n-¿-an-°p-∂-h-¿ A-h-¿ ]-d-

bp-∂-Xv k-Xy-k-‘-cpw hn-iz-kv-X-cp-am-b B-fp-I-fn-te-°v tN-¿-°m-≥ ]-tXy-Iw i-≤n-°m-dp-≠v. A-Xp-sIm-≠v l-Zo-kn-s‚ hm-°p-I-fpw B-i-b-ß-fpw]-cn-tim-[n-®v \n-cq-]-W hn-t[-b-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

hym-P-am-b-Xn-¬ \n-∂v ]-_-e-am-b-Xn-s\ I-s≠-Øm-≥ A-h-¿-°v Nn-e A-S-bm-f-ß-fp-≠v.

1. hm-°p-I-fp-sS ssh-I-eyw d-kq-¬ A-d-_n-I-fn-¬ G-‰-hpw A-[n-Iw h-ssKz-`h-ap-≈ hy-‡n-bm-Wv. A-Xn-\m-¬ A-t±-l-Øn-¬-\n-∂v C-Ø-cw ssh-I-ey-ap-≈ hm-°p-I-ƒ ]p-d-Øv h-cn-I-bn-√.

2. B-i-b-ß-fp-sS tZm-j-hpw hn-I-e-X-bpw. D-Zm: s\-√v H-cp a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-¬ A-h-≥k-l-\-io-e-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

3. i-cn-bm-b H-cp a-X-hn-[n-bp-am-bn A-Xv G-‰p-ap-´p-I. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn kp-µ-c-am-b ap-J-Øv t\m-°-¬ C-_m-Z-Øm-Wv'' F-∂ l-Zo-kv. C-hn-sS ]p-cp-j-s‚ ap-J-sa-t∂m kv-Xo-bp-sS ap-J-sa-t∂m th-¿-Xn-cn-®p-]-d-™n-ń-√ -˛-A-h-fp-sS ap-J-tØ-°v bm-Zr-On-I-am-bp-≈ B-Zy-t\m-´-Øn-\v ti-j-ap-≈ t\m-´w l-dm-am-Wv. ""H-∂m-a-sØ t\m-´w \n-\-°p-≈-Xpw c-≠m-a-sØ t\m-´w \n-\-s°-Xn-cm-b-Xp-am-Wv''˛

4. H-cp sN-dn-b Im-cy-Øn-\v h-en-b hm-Kv-Zm-\-hpw Xm-°o-Xpw D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.

5. bp-‡n-c-ln-X-am-b A-Xn-i-tbm-‡n-I-fp-≠m-hp-I. Du-Pp-_v-\p D-\p-Jn-\v ap-∆m-bn-c-Øn ap-∂q-‰n-ap-∏-Xpw 1/3 Dw ap-gw- \o-f-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-lw I-S-en-s‚ A-Sn-bn-¬-\n-∂v a-’yw ]n-Sn-®v sh-bn-e-Øv s]m-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p....; ap-l-Ω-Zv F-t∂m

d-kq-en-s‚ l-Zo-kp-I-tfm-Sv B-flm-¿-Y-X Im-Wn-°p-∂-h-¿ k-\-Zv(-dn-t∏m-¿--¿-am-cp-sS ]-c-º-c) t\m-°n A-h-sb A-cn-∏-bn-en- v ]-_-e-am-b-h-sb-bpw

A-√m-Ø-h-sb-bpw th-¿ Xncn-°p-∂ ]-In-b \-S-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w l-Zo-kn-s‚ hm-°p-I-sf(a-Xv\v) ∏-‰n-bp-≈ A-t\z-j-Ww \-S-Øm-\pw A-h-¿-°vhn-´p-t]m-bn-ń-√.

_pJm-cn-bn¬ \ncq-]Whnt[bamblZo-kp-Itfm?


A-lv-a-Zv F-t∂m t]-cp-≈-h-sc A-·n kv-]-¿-in-°p-I-bn-√! Xp-S-ßn-b l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ.

6. A-kzo-Im-cy-hpw A-\p-`-h-k-Xy-Øn-\v hn-cp-≤-hp-am-b ]-cn-[n \n-¿-W-b-ap-≠m-hp-I. Zp-≥-bm-hn-s‚ h-b- v F-gp-]-X-n-\m-bn-cw h-¿-j-am-sW-∂v \n-¿-W-bn-°p-I. ]n-s∂-bm-Wv A-¥y-\m-ƒ h-cn-I. C-Xv Izp-¿-B-\n-s‚ "A-Xn-s\ kw-_-‘n-® A-dn-hvF-s‚ \m-Y-s‚ A-Sp-Øm-Wv' F-∂ hy-‡-am-b]-Jym-]-\-Øn-\pw kw-`-h-bm-Ym-¿-Yy-Øn-\pw hn-cp-≤-am-Wv.

7. kz-lm-_n-I-sf-√mw H-Øp-tN-¿-∂v \p-W ]-d-™p-sh-∂v B-tcm-]n-°p-∂ l-Zo-kv. io-A hn-`m-Kw C-ß-s\ H-cp l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-∂p. \-_nA-en-sb X-\n-°v ti-j-ap-≈ C-amw B-bn sX-c-s™-Sp-Øp. F-∂n-´v A-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-™p: \n-ß-ƒtI-ƒ-°p-I, A-\p-k-cn-°p-I. F-∂m-¬ F-√m kz-lm-_n-am-cpw Cu l-Zo-kv I-≠n-ń-√; \-_n-bn-¬\n-∂v tI-ń-´p-an-√ A-en-bp-sS Jn-em-^-Øn-\v th-≠n ]-£w ]n-Sn-°p-∂-h-¿ H-gn-sI. C-Ø-cw H-cpl-Zo-kp-≠m-bn-´v kz-lm-_n-I-ƒ H-Øp-tN-¿-∂v A-Xv H-fn-®p-sh-°p-I; A-Xv \n-c-kn-°p-I A-kw-`-hy-am-W-Xv.

C-ß-s\ l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-¿ A-h-cp-sS ap-≥]n-¬ d-kq-en-¬-\n-∂v dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-ø-s∏-´-Xm-bnh-cp-∂-h Xq-°n-t\m-°m-≥ ]-e Xp-em- p-I-fpw A-f-hp-tIm-ep-I-fpw G-¿-s∏-Sp-Øn. A-h ap-tJ-\ \-√-Xpw No-Ø-bpw th-¿-Xn-cn-°m-\pw l-Zo-sk-∂v ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂ ]-e-Xpw \n-cmIcn-°m-\pw A-h-¿-°v I-gn-™p. B-flm-¿-Y-X-bpw Xym-Kk-∂-≤-X-bp-ap-≈-h-¿-°-√m-sX C-Ø-cw H-cp i-aw \-S-Øm-≥ I-gn-bn-√. C-Xp-t]m-ep-≈ H-∂v H-cp k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚N-cn-X-Øn-epw kw-`-hn-®n-´p-an-√.

d-kq-en-s‚ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ A-cn-®p-s]-dp-°m-\pwA-h-bn-¬ I-S-∂p Iq-Sn-b-h-sb H-gn-hm-°n A-h-bv-°v kw-c-£-Ww \-¬-Im-\pw \-Ωp-sS ]q-¿-hn-I-cm-b a-lm-]-fin-X-∑m-¿ h-en-b tk-h-\-am-Wv \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. A-h-¿-°v A-Xn-\v A-√m-lp X-°]-Xn-^-ew \-¬-I-s´. Cu ss]-Xr-Iw ]q-¿-W-am-bpw A-tX hn-ip-≤n-tbm-sS A-h-¿ \-ap-°v hn-´p-X-∂n-´p-ap-≠v. A-h-¿-°v ti-jw C-Xn-¬ B-¿-°pw Iq-ń-t®-¿-°m-≥ A-h-k-c-an-√. ]-fin-X-∑m-¿-°v B-h-iy-ap-≈-sX-√mw ap-≥-Km-an-I-fm-b A-h-¿ ]q-¿Øo-

I-cn-®p-X-∂n-´p-≠v. A-h-¿ ss]-Xp-I-am-bn \-¬-In-b hn-⁄m-\w-˛-hn-ti-jn-®pw dn-t∏m-¿-´-¿-am-cp-am-bpwl-Zo-kn-s‚ ssI-am-‰ ]-c-º-c-bp-am-bpw _-‘-s∏-´-h-˛-a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-¬ \-ap-°n-Sbn-¬ G-‰-°pdhp-≠m-Ipw. Hm-tcm dn-t∏m-¿-´-sd-∏-‰n-bpw A-h-¿ A-`n-]m-bw ]-d-™-ti-jw \-ap-°v ]n-s∂ H-cm-sf hn-iz-kv-X-t\m Zp-¿-_-e-t\m B-°m-≥ A-h-k-c-an-√.

F-∂m-¬ l-Zo-kv D-≤-cn-°p-∂ dn-t∏m-¿-´-¿-am-sckw-_-‘n-t®-S-tØm-fw- C-∏-d-™ Im-cy-ß-sf-√mwi-cn-X-s∂. ]-t£ l-Zo-kn-s‚ a-Xv-\v A-Y-hm hm-°p-I-fpw B-i-b-ß-fpw kw-_-‘n-®v ]p-Xn-b A-`n-]m-b-ß-ƒ-°v km-[y-X-tb-bn-√. k-\-Zv Ip-‰-a-‰-Xm-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw hn-a-¿-i-\-Øn-\pw B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\pw B-i-bw i-cn-bm-tWm F-∂ hn-j-b-Øn-ep-≈ A-`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-Øn-\pw hn-t[-b-am-Wv. hn-ti-jn-®pw l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-Ø-d ]m-In-b \-Ωp-sS ]q-¿-hn-I-∑m-¿ \-ap-°v A-Xn-\p-≈ I-hm-Sw Xp-d-∂p-X-∂n-´p-≠v. l-Zo-kp-I-sfA-h-bp-sS a-Xv-\n-s‚-bpw B-i-b-Øn-s‚-bpw \n-e-bv°v A-h-¿ \n-cq-]-W-hn-t[-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. k-\Zv kzo-Im-cy-hpw A-\p-K-l-hp-am-sW-¶n-¬X-s∂-bpw.

Cu I-hm-Sw-˛ a-Xv-\pw B-i-b-hpw \n-cq-]-W-hn-t[-b-am-°-¬- Xp-d-°-s∏-´p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]-t£ kq-£v-a-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw hn-Nm-c-W-bv-°v hn-t[-b-am-bpw-˛-hn-ti-jn-®pw h-lv-bv A-\p-k-cn-s®-∂vD-d-∏p-≈-Xpw i-co-A-Øpw A-Izo-Z-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-Xp-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn-¬. Im-c-WwF-√m a-\p-jy-¿-°pw Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cp-am-bpw _p-≤n-bpw hn-th-N-\-i-‡n-bp-a-\p-k-cn-®v l-Zo-kn-s‚ B-i-b-Øn-s‚ Im-cy-Øn-¬ hn-[n-\-S-Øm-\pw A-ß-s\ tXm-∂n-b-Xv X-≈m-\pw kzo-I-cn-°m-\pw I-gn-bp-am-dv Cu I-hm-Sw Xp-d-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ l-Zo-kp-I-sf-sb-√mw \mw i-‡-am-b H-cpC-f-°n a-dn-°-en-\v hn-t[-b-am-°pw. Hm-tcm a-\p-jy-s‚-bpw l-kz-am-b _p-≤n-°pw hn-th-N-\-Øn-\p-a-\p-k-cn-®v hn-[n-°m-≥ \mw kzm-X-¥yw A-\p-h-Zn-®m-¬ Nn-e-t∏m-ƒ \n-\-°v kzo-Im-cy-am-b l-Zo-kv a-t‰ B-ƒ-°v A-kzo-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-°pw. ^-ew i-co-A-Øn-s‚ Im-cy-Øn-¬ H-cp A-cm-P-I-Xzwkw-`-hn-°p-I-bpw l-Zo-kv H-cp kp-ÿn-c-am-b D-d-hn-Sw A-√m-Xm-hp-I-bpw sN-øpw.

_p-Jm-cn-bpw a-‰p hn-iz-kv-X-cm-b l-Zo-kv ]-

d-kq-en-s‚ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ A-cn-®p-s]-dp-°m-\pw A-h-bn-¬ I-S-∂p Iq-Sn-b-h-sb H-gn-hm-°n A-h-bv-°v kw-c-£-Ww \-¬-Im-\pw \-Ωp-sS ]q-¿-hn-I-cm-b a-lm-]-fin-X-∑m-¿ h-en-b tk-h-\-am-Wv \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. A-h-¿-°v A-Xn-\v A-√m-lp X-° ]-Xn-^-ew \-¬-I-s´. Cu ss]-Xr-Iw ]q-¿-W-am-bpw A-tX hn-ip-≤n-tbm-sS A-h-¿ \-ap-°v hn- p-X-∂n- p-ap-≠v. A-h-¿-°v ti-jw C-Xn-¬ B-¿-°pw Iq-ń-t®-¿-°m-≥ A-h-k-c-an-√.

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fin-X-∑m-cpw D-≤-cn-® Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ i-‡-am-b \n-cq-]-W-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v. Nn-e-¿ Bl-Zo-kp-I-ƒ X-≈p-I-tbm am-‰n-\n-¿-Øp-I-tbm(X-h-Izp-^v) sN-øp-∂p. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn _p-Jm-cn D-≤-cn-°p-∂ Cu-®-bp-sS l-Zo-kv. a-s‰m-∂v F-√mZn-hk-hpw cm-hn-se G-gv Im-c-° Xn-∂p-∂-h-sc BZn-h-kw cm-Xn-h-sc hn-j-tam kn-lv-tdm D-]-Z-hn-°p-I-bn-√'' F-∂ l-Zo-kv. _p-Jm-cn ssh-Zyw F-∂ A-[ym-b-Øn-¬ sIm-Sp-Ø l-Zo-kv. Cu l-Zo-kv ap-kv-en-apw A-lv-a-Zpw D-≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu c-≠v l-Zo-kp-I-fpw im-kv-X-K-th-j-I-cm-b ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS i-‡-am-b hn-a-¿-i-\-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v. Cu-®-bp-sS tZm-lw sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. A-Xv Im-ep-I-fn-epw i-co-c-Øn-s‚ ]p-d-Øv s]m-Xp-hn-epw h-ln-®p-sIm-≠v \-S-°p-∂ tcm-Km-Wp-°-ƒ D-]-Z-h-Im-cn-I-fpw Nn-e-t∏m-ƒ a-c-W-Øn-\p-X-s∂ tl-Xp-hm-°p-∂-h-bp-am-Wv. A-t∏m-ƒ l-Zo-kn-¬ ]-d-bpw-t]m-se Cu-®-sb A-Xv C-cp-∂ -£-W-Øm-¬ ]q-¿-W-am-bpw ap-°n A-Xn-s‚ D-]-Z-hw C-c-ń-bm-°m-≥ \-ap-°v ]m-Sn-√. Im-c-Ww ssS-t^m-bv-UvXp-S-ßn-b tcm-K-ß-fp-sS A-Wp-°-ƒ h-ln-®p-\-S-°p-∂ Cu-®-I-ƒ A-h-bp-sS -a-cp-∂pw Iq-sS sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-∂p-s≠-∂v ]-d-bm-tam? tcm-Km-Wp-°-fp-≈ am-en-\ym-h-in-jv-S-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂v tcm-K-hp-am-bnh-cp-∂ A-h-bv-°v ]-Xn-tcm-[-a-cp-∂v F-hn-Sp-∂v In-ń. A-h ]-Xn-tcm-[ a-cp-∂n-¬ C-cp-∂n-´p-t≠m?

Cu-® h-ln-®p-\-S-°p-∂-h-sIm-≠v sN-øp-∂tZm-lw im-kv-Xo-b ]-co-£-W-ß-fn-eq-sS kw-i-b-c-ln-X-am-bn sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ]n-s∂ I-gn-°p-∂ `-£-W-Øn-¬ A-Xv ap-°p-∂-Xv F-ß-s\i-cn-bm-Ipw. Cu-®-sb B-´m-sX \-ap-°v A-Xn-s\]m-ń-\v hn-Sm-tam? C-sX-ß-s\ A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ h-lv-bn-te-°v tN-¿-°m-≥ I-gn-bpw?

Cu A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ A-h-¿ l-Zo-kv X-≈n-bn-´p-≠v. _p-Jm-cn dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X-Xpw A-t±-lw kz-lo-lv B-sW-∂v ]-Jym-]n-®-Xp-am-sW-¶n-epw. Im-c-Ww A-Xn-s‚ B-i-bw kw-i-b-c-ln-X-am-b im-kv-Xo-b ]-co-£-W-Øn-eq-sS B-tcm-Ky-Øn-\v lm-\n-I-c-am-sW-∂v sX-fn-™-Xm-Wv. A-t∏m-ƒ A-Xn-s\ X-≈p-∂-Xv A-Xn-s‚ hm-°p-I-ƒ, B-i-bw, km-cw F-∂n-h t\m-°n-bm-Wv.-A-Xn-s‚ dn-t∏m-¿-´-¿-am-¿ \o-Xn-am-∑m-cm-sW-¶n-epw. C-∂-sØCu ]-co-£-W-ß-ƒ d-kq-en-s‚ ap-ºn-¬ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p F-∂ k-¶-ev-]n-°p-I. Cu-®-sb F-Sp-Øvam-‰m-\m-Wv, -£-W-Øn-¬ ap-°m-\-√ A-t±-lw ]-d-bp-I. Im-c-Ww X-s‚ A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS B-tcm-Kyw kw-c-£n-°m-≥ A-t±-l-Øn-\v Xm-ev-]-cy-ap-≠v.A-t∏m-ƒ A-t±-lw, Cu-®-sb-∏-‰n B ]-d-™-Xvh-lv-bv ]-Im-c-a-√. ]-tXy-I ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn-em-Wv. A-Xv am-‰-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-Wv.

]m-X-Øn-s‚ hm-b aq-Sn-s°-´m-\pw -£-Ww A-S-®p-sh-°m-\pw \-_n(-kz) I-ev-]n-®n-´p-≠v. ]m-X-Øn-¬ D-—z-kn-°p-∂-Xv \-_n(-kz) hn-tcm-[n-®n-´p-

≠v.- -£-W-Øn-¬ Du-Xp-∂-Xpw sh-≈-∏m-X-Øn-s‚hm-bn-¬-\n-∂v Ip-Sn-°p-∂-Xp-sa-√mw \-_n(-kz) \n-tcm-[n-®n-´p-≠v. C-sX-√mw kz-ln-lm-b _p-Jm-cn-bpw-ap-kv-en-apw dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-fn-¬h-∂-Xm-Wv. ]m-\o-b-Øn-¬ Du-Xp-∂ H-cp a-\p-jy-≥Rm-≥ A-Xn-¬ I-≠ H-cp a-en-\-h-kv-Xp \o-°wsN-øp-I-bm-Wv F-∂v ]-d-™-t∏m-ƒ d-kq-¬(-kz) A-bm-tfm-Sv ]-d-™-Xv "A-Xv H-gp-°n-°-f-bq'F-∂m-Wv.

"F-\n-°v H-‰-izm-k-Øn-¬ sh-≈w Ip-Sn-°p-tºm-ƒ Zm-lw Xo-cp-∂n-√' F-∂v \-_n(-kz)-tbm-Sv ]-d-™-t∏m-ƒ "F-¶n-¬ ]m-Xw Nq-≠n-¬-\n-∂v A-I-‰n-sh-®v Ip-Sn-°p-I' F-∂m-Wv \-_n ]-d-™-Xv.(-Xn-¿-an-Zn). A-Xm-b-Xv sh-≈-Øn-¬ D-Oz-kn-°m-sX ]m-Xw A-I-‰n-\n-¿-Øn izm-kw hn-´v ho-≠pw-Ip-Sn-°p-I. C-h-sb-√mw B-tcm-Ky-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ kp-c-£n-X a-cym-Z-I-fm-Wv. B-[p-\n-I im-kv-Xo-b ]-co-£-W-ß-ƒ C-h i-cn-bm-sW-∂v sX-fn-bn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. hn-ti-jn-®pw H-tc-]m-X-Øn-¬\n-∂v H-∂n-e-[n-Iw B-fp-I-ƒ Ip-Sn-°p-tºm-ƒ. B-tcm-Ky-kw-c-£-W-Øn-\pw a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS D-Ozm-kwkq-£n-°m-\pw C-X-bpw a-cym-Z-I-sfm-s° \-_n(-kz) \n-¿-tZ-in-°p-tºm-ƒ Cu-®-sb -£-W-Øn-¬ap-°m-≥ A-t±-lw I-¬-]n-°p-tam? C-Xv \-_n(-kz)]-d-bp-∂v-X h-lv-bv ]-Im-c-am-Wv; A-t±-l-Øn-s‚C-Pv-Xn-lm-Zv A-√ F-∂v \mw F-ß-s\ ]-d-bpw.

A-Xn-\m-¬ Cu-®-bp-sS D-]-Z-hw \-ap-°v ]-co-£-W-ß-ƒ-sIm-≠v t_m-[y-am-bn-´p-s≠-¶n-¬ \mwB-fp-I-tfm-Sv ]-d-tb-≠-Xv C-ß-s\-bm-Wv. \n-ß-ƒCu-®-tbm-Sv bp-≤w sN-bv-Xv A-Xn-s\ h-[n-°p-I.A-Xv -£-W-Øn-¬ ho-gp-I-bpw A-Xv ho-W ÿm-\w \n-ß-ƒ-°v a-\- n-em-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm-¬ \n-ß-ƒ A-Xn-s\ F-Sp-Øp-am-‰p-I. A-Xn-s\ In-ń-bn-s√-¶n-¬ B `-£-Ww D-t]-£n-°p-I. H-cp a-en-\-h-kv-Xp `-£-W-Øn-tem ]m-\o-b-Øn-tem I-≠m-¬ A-Xv H-gp-°n-°-f-bm-≥ \-_n I-¬-]n-®p-h-t√m.C-sXm-∂pw h-lv-bv A-\p-k-cn-®p-≈ \-_n-bp-sS \n-¿-tZ-i-ß-f-√. a-dn-®v, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ A-\p-`-h-hpw]-cn-N-b-hpw C-Pv-Xn-lm-Zpw A-\p-k-cn-®p-≈ \-S-]-Sn-I-fm-Wv.

tcm-Km-Wp-°-fpw am-en-\y-ß-fp-am-bn h-cp-∂ Cu-® C-cp-∂ `-£-W-Øn-epw ]m-\o-b-Øn-epw Cu-®-sb A-Xn-¬ ap-°n \mw-I-gn-°-W-sa-∂v ]-d-bp-∂-Xv H-cn-°-epw _p-≤n-°v \n-c-°p-∂-X-√ ˛ \n-¿-_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-¬ H-gn-sI. Cu-®-bp-sS Im-ep-I-ƒh-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-b-√ l-Zo-kn-¬ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. a-dn-®v, A-Xn-s‚ H-cp Nn-d-In-¬ tcm-K-hpw a-t‰ Nn-d-In-¬ A-Xn-s‚ a-dpa-cp-∂p-ap-s≠-∂m-Wv F-∂v Nn-e-¿ hm-Zn-°p-∂p. Nn-d-In-¬ ]-co-£-Ww \-S-Øn A-Xv sX-fn-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F-∂m-¬ C-hn-sS Cu-®-sb `-£-W-Øn-tem, ]m-\o-b-Øn-tem ap-°p-tºm-ƒ A-Xn-s‚ Im-ep-I-ƒ h-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂ am-en-\y-ß-fpw tcm-Km-Wp-°-fpw`-£-W-Øn-¬ I-e-cp-∂-Xm-Wv ]-iv-\w. C-Xv tZm-


j-I-c-am-sW-∂v-tem-I-Øn-s‚ ap-gp-h-≥ `m-K-ß-fn-epw \-S-°p-∂ ]-co-£-W-ß-ƒ sX-fn-bn-®n-´p-≠v.A-Xp-sIm-≠v Cu im-kv-Xo-b k-Xy-ß-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ h-lv-b-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv d-kq-¬(-kz)C-ß-s\ I-ev-]n-®-sX-∂v ]-d-bm-tam? A-ß-s\-bm-sW-¶n-¬ \mw A-Xv kzo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A-Xn-s‚ kw-c-£-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n Po-h-Xym-Kw h-ln-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F-∂m-¬ Cu l-Zo-kv A-∂-sØNn-e ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-ƒ-°-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn-°-Ww. A-t∏m-ƒ A-Xv Zo-\n-bm-b H-cp \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ l-Zo-kv A-√.

C-\n ]-`m-X-Øn-¬ G-gv Im-c-° Xn-∂m-¬ A-Xv hn-j-sØ-bpw kn-lv-dn-s\-bpw X-Sp-°p-sa-∂ l-Zo-kv. C-Xv B Im-e-L-´-Øn-¬ A-d-_n-I-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ ]-N-cn-®n-cp-∂ Nn-¥-bp-sS-bpw A-\p-`-h-]-cn-N-b-Øn-s‚-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈ ssh-Zy-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ l-Zo-km-Wv. B-[p-\n-I ]-fin-X-∑m-cn-¬ A-[n-I-t]-cpw i-d-Cu hn-[n-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS ]-hn-X-X ssh-Zy-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-h-bv-°v \-¬-Ip-∂n-√. Im-c-Ww, ssh-Zy-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-h A-d-_n-I-fp-sS A-\p-`-h]-cn-N-b-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv. h-lv-bv A-\p-k-cn-®-√. A-tXm-sSm-∏w A-Xv A-]-K-Y-\-Øn-\pw im-kv-Xo-b ]-co-£-W-Øn-\pw hn-t[-b-am-Wv.im-kv-Xo-b ]-co-£-W-Øn-¬ hn-j-_m-[-sb ]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m-≥ A-Xn-\v ti-jn-bp-s≠-∂v I-≠m-¬ A-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn-°mw. ]-co-£-W-Øn-¬ sX-fn-™n-ń-s√-¶n-¬ B l-Zo-kn-s\ B-i-b-]-c-am-bn X-≈p-∂-Xv kzo-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-°pw. hn-ti-jn-®pw C-Xv ssh-Zy-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ssh-Zy-tam Ir-jn-tbm]-Tn-∏n-°m-≥ d-kq-en-s\ h-lv-bv C-d-ßn-bn-ń-√.

d-kq-¬(-kz) Cu hn-j-b-Øn-¬ ]-d-™-Xv B-Im-e-L-´-Øn-¬ \n-e-hn-ep-≈ Nn-¥-bv-°pw A-\p-`-h-Øn-\pw A-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn-°pw. h-lv-bv ]-Im-c-a-√. h-lv-bm-sW-¶n-¬ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-¬ \n-¿-_v-[-am-Wv. C-ß-s\-bm-Wv l-Zo-kv ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sShym-Jym-\w. _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X Cu l-Zo-kn-s\ sX-‰m-bn h-lv-bn-te-°v tN-¿-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ C-ß-s\ hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv \-√-Xv. F-∂m-¬ C-ß-s\ l-Zo-kv hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂-Xv bp-‡n Nn-¥-bp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-Øn-em-I-cp-Xv. a-dn-®v h-kv-Xp-X-bp-sS-bpw ]-co-£-W-Øn-s‚-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww.

l-Zo-kn-s‚ a-Xv-\v kw-_-‘n-®v \mw Cu kq-£v-a-X kzo-I-cn-°p-tºm-ƒ \mw ap-ºv B-cpw sN-øm-Ø H-cp kw-K-Xn-b-√ sN-øp-∂-Xv. kz-lm-_n-I-ƒ X-s∂ A-h-¿ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X, Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I-sf C-Ø-cw H-cp hn-a-¿-i-\-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS Im-e-L-´-Øn-ep-≈ ]-K-¤ ]-Wv-[n-X-∑m-cpw C-ß-s\ _p-Jm-cn-sb hn-a-¿-i-\-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

A-t∏m-ƒ _p-Jm-cn-bn-se H-cp l-Zo-kv C-ß-s\ X-≈p-∂-Xv H-cn-°-epw _p-Jm-cn-t°m A-t±-

lw dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ-t°m H-cp t]m-d-epw G-ev-]n-°p-I-bn-√. Im-c-Ww _p-Jm-cn-X-s∂-bpw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ l-Zo-kp-I-sf ]p-\:-]-cn-tim-[-\-°pw A-cn-®v s]-dp-°-en-\pw hn-t[-b-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. a-‰p-≈-h-cpw A-ß-s\ sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. a-c-Ww-h-sc-bpw Cu ]-In-b Xp-S-¿-∂n-´p-≠v. am-X-a-√, X-s‚ l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-≥ a-‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sv B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.

_p-Jm-cn-bn-tem ap-kvv-en-an-tem a-‰p l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-fn-tem hn-iz-kv-X-cm-b dm-hn-am-¿ dn-t∏m-¿-´vsN-bv-X-Xpw k-\-Zv Ip-‰-a-‰-Xp-am-b H-cp l-Zo-kv X-≈p-∂-Xn-¬ b-Ym-¿-Y-Øn-¬ \-ap-°v -b-ap-≠v. \mwt\-c-sØ hn-h-cn-® ]-Im-c-ap-≈ im-kv-Xo-b ]-cn-tim-[-\-°v hn-t[-b-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h h-f-sc A-]q-¿-h-am-Wv. Cu \n-e-]m-Sv \-Ωp-sS a-\- n-\v k-am[m-\w \-¬-Ip-∂p. hn-ti-jn-®pw Ch a-X-\n-b-a-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-h-b-√ F-∂ \n-e-bv-°v. a-dn-®v, ù-Xn-I Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. "\n-ß-fp-sS Zp-≥-bm-hn-s‚ Im-cyw Iq-Sp-X-¬ A-dn-bp-I \n-ß-ƒ-°m-Wv' F-∂m-W-t√m Xn-cp-ta-\n ]-d-™n-´p-≈-Xv. ""\n-ß-fp-sS a-X-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ Im-cywF-∂n-te-°m-Wv'' F-∂pw A-t±-lw ]-d-™p.

A-∂-sØ A-\p-`-h-]-cn-N-b-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ Cu-Ø-∏-\-°v ]-cm-K-Ww \-S-Øp-∂ hn-j-b-Øn-ep-≈ \-_n-bp-sS l-Zo-kv C-Xn-\v D-Zm-l-c-Ww. A-t∏m-ƒ ssh-Zyw kw-_-‘n-® l-Zo-kpwCu K-W-Øn-¬ s]-Sp-Øn-bm-¬ a-Xn. _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS dn-t∏m-¿-´v k-\-Zn-s‚ \n-e-°v kz-lo-lm-Wv. F-∂m-¬ d-kq-¬ ]-d-™-Xv H-cp ù-Xn-I Im-cy-Øn-ep-≈ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ \n-co-£-W-am-Wv. d-kq-¬h-∂-Xv \-ap-°v ssh-Zy-hpw Ir-jn-bpw c-k-X-¥-hp-sam-∂pw ]-Tn-∏n-°m-\-√-t√m.

(tUm. A-_v-Zp-¬-ap-≥-Cw \-an-¿ ap-≥ A-¬-A-kv-l-¿ ssh- -sd-Iv-S-dpw Cu-Pn-]v-jy-≥ a-¥nbpamWv)

samgn-am‰w: ]n Fw sI

tUm. A_vZp¬ ap≥Cw \an-dns‚ CuteJ-\-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in® Cu® hln-°p∂tcmKm-Wp-°-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]cm-a¿i-ß-fpsS imkvXo-b-amb am\-ßsf kw_-‘n® it≤-b-amb Hcp ]T\w AØu-loZv2010 Unkw-_¿-˛2011 P\p-hcn e°-Øn¬"Cu®-bpsS Nnd-In-en-cn-°p-∂Xv' F∂ Xe-hm-N-I-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. C∆nj-b-I-amb lZo-kns\ \ncq-]W hnt[-b-am-°p-tºmƒ B teJ-\-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in® Imcy-ßƒIqSn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. AØu-loZv Hcp ]T-\-˛-K-th-jW amknIF∂ \nebv°v `n∂-ß-fmb ho£-W-ßƒ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah AØulo-Zns‚ HutZym-KnI ho£-W-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xn-√. ˛ ]Xm-[n-]¿


"C-kvemw a-X X-Xz-]-Zo-]w',"A-¬-l-Zo-kv' F-∂n-h-bm-Wv B-Zy-Øn-¬ ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ. h-°w au-e-hn-bp-sS Zo-]n-I-bn-¬ G-Xm-\pw e-°-ß-fn-em-bnXp-S-¿-∂ l-Zo-kv ]w-‡n Im-Wmw.h-°w sau-e-hn X-s∂-bm-Wv ]n ap-l-Ω-Zv ssa-Xo-s‚ 'C-…mw a-X X-Xz-]-Zo-]w' ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b-Xpw. C-S-h-bn-se kn Fw ]- n-em-Wv A-®-Sn-®-Xv. km-aq-ln-I -]m-[m-\y-ap-≈l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS k-am-lm-c-am-Wo-K-Ÿw. H-cp cq-]-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-∂v CuK-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ hn-e. sI ap-l-Ω-Zm-en-bm-Wv A-¬ l-Zo-kn-s‚ c-N-bn-Xm-hv. hn-j-b-I-a-Øn-¬ tIm-Uo-I-cn-® Cu K-Ÿw 1951em-Wv ]p-d-Øn-

d-°n-b-Xv.l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-sf kw-_-‘n-®p-≈

Cu K-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ B-ap-Jw G-sd hn-⁄m-\-]-Z-am-Wv. 'l-Zo-kv a-l-¬' F-∂-t]-cn-ep-≈ Cw-•o-jvK-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ hn-h-¿-Ø-\-am-Wv 'A-¬-l-Zo-kv'. s]-cp-ºm-hq-cn-se a-Po-Zv a-c-°m-cm-Wv ]-km-[-I-≥. FwA-lva-Zv au-e-hn ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-b ']-cn-ip-≤-\-_n-h-N-\-ß-ƒ;]-cn-`m-j-bpw hym-Jym-\-hpw' F-∂ e-Lp-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv a-s‰m-∂v. 333 l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS ]-cn-`m-j-bpw hym-Jym-\-hpw D-ƒ-s°m-≈p-∂Cu K-Ÿw 1962em-Wv ]p-d-Ønd-ßn-b-Xv.184 X-e-s°-´p-I-fn-em-bn hn-j-b-tIm-Uo-I-c-Ww \-S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "an-iv-Im-Xp-¬ a-kzm-_o-ln'\v ssa-em-∏q-¿ sju-I-Xv sau-e-hn X-øm-dm-°n-b ]-cn-`m-j-bn-¬ 800 l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-tØm-sS D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. C-Xp an-iv-Im-Øn-s‚ ]-Ip-Xn m-Kw am-X-ta D-≈q-sh-¶n-epw \-√ m-j-bn-ep-≈ hn-

C_v\p A_vZn√mlv

teJ\w

CkvemanI hn⁄m\ ]Nm-c-W-cw-KØv Gsd apt∂m- p-t]mb ae-bmf`mj-bn¬ hnip≤ Izp¿-B-\ns‚ Hcp Uk-\n-tesd hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p-≠v. lZokv hn⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ ssIc-fn°v kw`m-h\ sNøm≥ \S-Ønb ]q¿hn-Ihpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb kwcw-`-ßsfhne-bn-cp-Øp-I-bmWv Cu teJ-\-Øn¬

ae-bm-f-ØnselZokv KŸ-ßƒ


h-¿-Ø-\-am-Wp. I-S-∂-a-Æ sI A-e-hn au-e-hnkz-lo-lv ap-kven-an-\v X-øm-dm-°n-b ]-cn-`m-j-bm-Wv a-s‰m-∂v.

aq-∂p thm-ey-ß-fn-em-bn ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b Cul-Zo-kv K-Ÿw G-sd kzo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. ]-ap-J]-fin-X-≥ kn F-≥ A-lva-Zv au-e-hn X-øm-dm-°n-b kz-lo-lp-¬ _p-Jm-cn ]-cn-`m-j-bpw hn-h-¿-Ø-\-hpw Cu ta-J-e-bn-¬ Iq-Sp-X-¬ i-≤n-°-s∏-´ c-N-\-bm-Wv. \-_n-N-cn-X-hpw l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\-ß-fpw D-ƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ Cu K-Ÿ-Øn-s‚ B-ap-JwC-cp-∂q-tdm-fw t]-Pp-I-fp-≠v. G-sd hn-⁄m-\-]-Z-am-sW-¶n-epw Nn-e hn-hm-Z-]-cm-a-¿-i-ß-ƒ Im-c-WwG-sd hn-a-¿-in-°-s∏-´-Xp-am-Wv Cu B-ap-Jw. _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kven-apw dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ]-tXy-Iw k-am-l-cn-®v _-bm-\n-øm _p-Iv-Ãm-ƒ ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b 'A-¬ ep D ep D h-¬ a-¿-Pm-≥'i-t≤-b-am-Wv.

]-kn-≤ l-Zo-kv K-Ÿw 'cn-bm-Zp- zm-en-lo-\v'A-©p hn-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ a-e-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn.'_p-eq-Kp-¬ a-dm-an-\v' sN-dn-b-ap-≠w A-–p-¬-l-ao-Zv a-Z-\n X-bm-dm-°n-b hn-h-¿-Ø-\w 1972¬ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.kn ap-l-Ω-Zv k-eow kp-√-an a-s‰m-cp ]-cn-`m-j-bpw X-øm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[ ]-h-W-X-I-ƒ-s°-Xn-ep-≈ i-‡-am-b ]-Xn-tcm-[-am-bn-cp-∂p ap-l-Ω-Zv A-am-\n au-e-hn hn-h-¿-Ø-\wsN-bv-X tUm. ap-kv-X-^- n-_m-Cu-bp-sS "A- p-∂-Xp h a-Im-\-Xp-lm n-Ø-ivcoC-¬ C-kvem-an'l-Zo-kpw C-kvem-an-I i-coA-Xn-¬ A-Xn-s‚ ÿm-\-hpw-].1973 \-hw_-dn-em-Wv tI-c-fm \-Zvh-Xp-¬ap-Pm-ln-Zo-≥ C-Xv ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b-Xv.376 t]-Pp-I-fp-s≠-¶n-epw Iq-Sp-X-¬ t]-cn-te-s°-Øn-°m-\m-bn]-Øp-cq-] am-X-am-bn-cp-∂p Cu hn-h-¿-Ø-\-Øn-\vhn-e-bn-´n-cp-∂-Xv.

F A-–p- -emw kp-√-an,ssi-Jv ap-l-Ω-Zv Im-c-°p-∂v,A-–p-¬ Jm-Zn-¿ aq-¿-°-\m-Sv F-∂n-h-¿ A-_q lp-dbv-dsb kw-_-‘n-s®-gp-Xn-b ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[ ]-h-W-X-I-ƒ-°p-≈ a-dp-]-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kp-∂n ]-fin-X-≥ s\-√n-°p-ØvC-kv-am-Cu-¬ ap-kven-bm-cp-sS 'an-¿ B-Xp-¬ an-iv-Im-Xv', k-a-kv-X tI-c-f PwC-ø-Xp-¬ D-e-am ]-kn-U-≠m-bn-cp-∂ hm-f-°p-fw A-_vZp-¬-_m-cn ap-kven-bm-¿ c-Nn-® 'kzn-lm-lp-ss»-ssJ-\n' F-∂n-h bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I ]-£-Øp-\n-∂p-≈ ]-ap-J l-Zo-kvK-Ÿ-ß-fm-Wv. 2600e-[n-Iw l-Zo-kp-I-ƒ ti-J-cn-® K-Ÿ-am-Wv 'kzn-lm-lp-ssi-ssJ-\n'. "Jm-Zn-ap- z-lo-ssl-\n' F-∂ a-s‰m-cp K-Ÿ-hpw "lm-in-b-Xp kzn-lm-ln ssi-ssJ-\n' F-∂ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw A-–p-¬-_m-cn ap-…n-bm-¿ c-Nn-®n-´p-≠v.

s\-√n-°p-Øv C-kv-am-bo-¬ ap-…n-bm-cp-sS K-Ÿw8 thm-ey-ß-fp-≠v. B-dm-bn-c-Øn-e-[n-Iw t]-Pp-I-fp-≈ A-d-_n-K-Ÿ-am-Wn-Xv. Hm-tcm l-Zo-kn-s\kw-_-‘n-®p-ap-≈ N-¿-®bpw hn-i-I-e-\-hpw Iq-sS Nn-X-ß-fpw `q-]-S-ß-fpw kq-Nn-I-bp-sa-√mw D-

ƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b s\-√n-°p-Øv ap-kven-bm-cp-sS K-Ÿw]-c-º-cm-K-X hn-`m-K-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ G-sd kzo-Im-cy-X e-`n-® c-N-\-bm-Wv.

F A-–p- -emw kp-√-an l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\cw-K-Øv hn-e-s∏-´ tk-h-\-ß-ƒ \n-¿-h-ln-® ]-fin-X-\m-Wv. l-Zo-kv kw-_-‘-am-bn ]-Øn-e-[n-Iw K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ A-t±l-Øn-t‚-Xm-bp-≠v. l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[ ]-h-W-X-I-ƒ i-‡n-s∏-´ Im-e-Øv A-Xn-t\m-SvG-‰-hpw i-‡-am-bn F-Xn-cn-´-Xpw A-_vZp- -emwkp-√-an X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tI-c-f PwC-ø-Xp-¬ D-e-a ]-kn-U-≠m-bn-cp-∂ Fw ssi-Jv ap-l-Ω-Zv au-e-hn-bpw sI sI Fw P-am-ep-±o-≥ au-e-hn-bpw l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-fn-¬ a-lm-]-fin-∑m-cm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw c-N-\m-cw-K-Øv G-sd i-≤-sN-ep-Øm-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-¬ A-h-cp-sS A-dn-hp-I-ƒ ]n-≥X-e-ap-d-bv-°v e-`y-am-Im-sX-t]m-bn.

ap-´m-Wn-ti-cn Fw tIm-b-°p-´n au-e-hn, kn]n D-a-¿ kp-√-an,F A-–p-¬l-ao-Zv a-Zo-\n, C F-≥ A-–p-√m au-e-hn, tUm.P-am-ep-±n-≥ ^m-dq-Jn,Fw hn ap-l-Ω-Zv km-enw au-e-hn, Fw Fw \-Zvhn,kn F k-Cu-Zv ^m-dq-Jn, Sn sI D-ss_-Zv,F-≥hn ap-l-Ω-Zv k-I-cn-ø Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿ l-Zo-kv hn-⁄m-\ cw-K-Øv hn-e-s∏-´ tk-h-\-ß-ƒ \-¬-In-b-a-e-bm-fo ]-fin-X-∑m-cm-Wv. C-kvem-an-Iv ]-ªn-jnw-Kv lu-kv \n-c-h-[n l-Zo-kv hn-i-I-e-\ K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. hn-Jym-X l-Zo-kv K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sS hn-h-¿-Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv G-sd-bpw.

bp-h-X _p-Iv lu-kv 2006 ap-X-¬ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p h-cp-∂ hn-j-bm-[n-jv-Tn-X l-Zo-kv k-am-lmc-hpw hym-Jym-\-hpw Cu-bn-\-Øn-¬ G-sd i-t≤-b-am-b kw-cw-`-am-Wv. hn-izm-kw, \-a-kv-Im-cw F-∂n-h tI-µ hn-j-b-ß-fm-bp-≈ hm-ey-ß-ƒ C-Xn-\-Iw ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn. G-sd kzo-Im-cy-X e-`n-® Cuk-am-lm-c-ß-ƒ tI-c-f-Øn-se l-Zo-kv tk-h-\-ß-ƒ-°v ap-X-¬-°q-´m-Wv. #


A-ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sp-≈ ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS k-ao-]-\-Øn-s‚ hn-j-b-Øn-¬, hn-ti-jn-®pw A-h-cp-sS B-tLm-j-ß-fp-sS Im-cy-Øn-¬ A-h-¿ kzo-I-cn-t°-≠ \n-e-]m-sS-¥v?

Cu hn-j-b-Øn-¬ bq-tdm-]y-≥^-Xv-hm-˛-K-th-j-W Iu-¨-kn-¬ C-]-Im-cw ]-kv-Xm-hn-°p-∂p: C-Xv h-f-sc ]-[m-\-s∏-´-Xpw kw-th-Z-\-£-a-hp-am-b hn-j-b-am-Wv. hn-ti-jn-®pw]m-›m-Xy cm-Py-ß-fn-¬ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂ ap-kv-enw-I-sf kw-_-‘n-t®-S-tØm-fw. C-Ø-cw \m-Sp-I-fn-¬ A-b-¬-hm-kn-I-fm-bpw k-l-tPm-en-°m-cm-bpw k-l-]m-Tn-I-fm-bpw A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´v Po-hn-°p-∂ ap-kv-enw k-tlm-Z-co k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn-¬ \n-∂v [m-cm-fw tNm-Zy-ß-ƒD-b-¿-∂p-h-cm-dp-≠v. H-cp ap-kv-enw hn-Zym-¿-Yn-°v B-flm-¿-Y-am-bn k-lm-bw \-¬-Ip-∂ A-ap-kv-enw ssK-Uv,

ap-kv-enw tcm-Kn-sb B-flm¿-Y-am-bn Nn-In-’n-°p-∂ A-ap-kv-enw tUm-Iv-S-¿ F-∂n-ß-s\ ]-e k-µ-¿-`-ß-fn-epw A-ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ sN-øp-∂ k-lm-b-ß-sf-∏-‰n ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ t_m-[-hm-∑m-cp-am-Wv. D-]-Im-cw sN-bv-X-h-t\m-Sv hn-t[-b-Xz-ap-≠m-hp-I a-\p-jy-k-l-P-am-W-t√m.

ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv bp-≤w \-S-Øp-I-tbm, \m-´n-¬ \n-∂v A-h-sc ]p-d-Øm-°p-I-tbm ]p-d-Øm-°m-≥ k-lm-bn-°p-I-tbm A-h-tcm-Sv i-Xp-X Im-Wn-°p-I-tbm sN-øm-sX A-h-cp-am-bn k-l-h-¿-Øn-Xz-Øn-¬ I-gn-bp-∂ Cu A-ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ kzo-I-cn-t°-≠ \n-e-]m-sS-¥v? A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-am-bp-≈ _-‘-Øn-s‚ hn-j-b-Øn-¬ kq-d A-¬-apw-X-ln-\-bn-ep-≈ c-≠v hm-Iy-ß-ƒ H-cp -c-W-L-S-\m \n-b-a-am-Wv B-hn-jv-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

""a-X-Im-cy-Øn-¬ \n-ß-tfm-Sv bp-≤w sN-øm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw \n-ß-fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v \n-ß-sf ]p-d-Øm-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂-h-sc kw-_-‘n-t®-S-tØm-fw \n-ß-ƒ A-h-¿-°v \-∑ sN-øp-∂-Xpw \n-ß-ƒ A-h-tcm-Sv \o-Xn Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xpw A-√m-lp \n-ß-tfm-Sv \n-tcm-[n-°p-∂n-√. Xo-¿-

]T\w

Aapkvenw BtLm-j-ß-fnseapkvenw kao-]\w

ap-kvv-enw B-tLm-j-ß-fn-¬ A-ap-kvv-enw I-ƒ B-iw-k-b-¿-∏n-°pw-t]m-se A-h-cp-sS B-tLm-j-ß-fn-¬ ap-kvv-enw-I-ƒ-°pw B-iw-k-b-¿-∏n-°mw. Im-c-Ww\-∑-bv-°v \-∑-sIm-≠v ]-I-cw sN-øm-\m-Wv \mw I-ev-]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H-cpA-`n-hm-Zy-Øn-\v A-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ D-Ø-a-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, Np-cp-ßn-b-Xv Xp-ey-am-b-Xp-sIm-s≠-¶n-epw ]-Xy-`n-hm-Zyw sN-øm-\pw(4:86). H-cp ap-kvv-enw H-cn-°-epwk-¬-kz-`m-h-Øn-¬ a-‰p-≈-h-tc-°m-ƒ Ip-d-™ Aw-i-ap-≈-h-\m-I-cp-Xv.


®-bm-bpw A-√m-lp \o-Xn ]m-en-°p-∂-h-sc C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂p. a-X-Im-cy-Øn-¬ \n-ß-tfm-Sv bp-≤w sN-øp-I-bpw \n-ß-fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v \n-ß-sf]p-d-Øm-°p-∂-Xn-¬ ]-c-kv-]-cw k-l-I-cn-°p-I-bpwsN-bv-X-h-sc kw-_-‘n-®v am-X-am-Wv-˛-A-h-tcm-Svssa-Xn Im-Wn-°p∂Xv A-√m-lp \n-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv. h-√-h-cpw A-h-tcm-Sv ssa-Xo-_-‘w-]p-e-¿-Øp-∂-]-£w A-h-¿ X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p A-I-a-Im-cn-I-ƒ(60:8,9)

Cu c-≠v Izp-¿-B-≥ hm-Iy-ß-fpw ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv k-am-[m-\-Øn-¬ I-gn-bp-∂-h-¿, i-Xp-X-bn-¬ I-gn-bp-∂-h-¿ F-∂n-ß-s\ A-ap-kvv-enw-I-sf c-≠m-bn hn-`-Pn-°p-∂p-≠v. H-∂m-a-sØ hn-`m-K-tØm-Sv \o-Xn ]p-e-¿-Øm-\pw A-h-¿-°v \-∑-I-ƒ sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-°m-\pw Izp-¿-B-≥ I-ev-]n-°p-∂p. A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xv hm-ß-em-Wv \o-Xn. A-Xm-b-Xv H-cphy-‡n-°v A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-sX-√mw H-cp Ip-d-hpw h-cp-Øm-sX \-¬-Ip-I. \-∑ sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-°-¬ \n-\-°v A-h-Im-i-s∏-´ Nn-e-Xv ]-cn-Xy-Pn-°-ep-am-Wv.F-∂m-¬ ssa-Xo-_-‘w ]p-e-¿-Øp-∂-Xn-s\ \n-tcm-[n-°p-∂ c-≠m-a-sØ hn-`m-Kw A-ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv i-Xp-X Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw A-h-tcm-Sv bp-≤w \-S-Øp-I-bpw bm-sXm-cp \ym-b-hp-an-√m-sX A-h-sc \m-ń-¬ \n-∂v ]p-d-Øm-°p-I-bpwsN-øp-∂-h-cm-Wv Izp-ssd-in-I-fpw a-°m-ap-iv-cn-°p-I-fpw \-_n-tbm-Spw kz-lm-_-Øn-t\m-Spw sN-bv-X-Xp-t]m-se. ap-kv-enw-I-fp-am-bn k-am-[m-\-Øn-¬I-gn-bp-∂-h-tcm-Sp-≈ s]-cp-am-‰-Øn-\v _n-¿-dv F-∂]-Z-am-Wv Izp-¿-B-≥ sX-c-s™-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sv a-°-ƒ kzo-I-cn-t°-≠ s]-cp-am-‰-Øn-\pw "_n-¿-dv' F-∂ ]-Zw X-s∂-bm-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. A-√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-≈ I-S-a I-gn-™m-¬ ]n-s∂ c-≠m-a-sØ I-S-a-bm-bn am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-ƒ-°v _n-¿-dv sN-øm-\m-Wv Izp-¿-B-≥ I-ev-]n-°p-∂-Xv.

_p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw hn-h-cn-°p-∂ H-cp kw-`-h-ap-≠v: A-_q-_-Iv-dn-(d)s‚ a-I-ƒ A-kv-am \-_n-bp-sS A-Sp-Øp-h-∂v C-ß-s\ ]-d-™p: Xn-cp-ta-\o, F-s‚ D-Ω h-∂n-´p-≠v. A-h-¿ ap-iv-cn-I-ØvB-Wv. Rm-≥ A-h-cp-am-bn _-‘w ]p-e-¿-Øm-\pwA-h-¿-°v ]m-cn-tXm-jn-Iw \-¬-Im-\pw A-h-¿ B-K-ln-°p-∂p. Rm-≥ A-h-cp-am-bn _-‘w ]p-e-¿-tØ-W-tam? \_n(-kz) ]-d-™p. _-‘w ]p-e-¿-Øp-I. H-cp ap-iv-cn-Iv B-b kv-Xo-tbm-Sv C-ß-s\s]-cp-am-dm-\m-Wv \-_n I-¬-]n-®-sX-¶n-¬ _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm-b Cu ap-iv-cn-Ip-I-tf-°m-ƒ Iq-Sp-X-¬ \-√ s]-cp-am-‰-Øn-∂-¿-l-cm-W-t√m th-Z-°m-¿. Izp-¿-B-≥ A-lv-ep-¬-In-Xm-_n-s‚ `-£-Ww I-gn-°p-∂-Xpw A-h-¿ A-dp-Ø-Xv Xn-∂p-∂-Xpw A-h-cp-sS kv-Xo-I-sf hn-hm-lw I-gn-°p-∂-Xpw A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ""\-√ h-kv-Xp-°-sf-√mw\n-ß-ƒ-°v A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. th-Zw \-¬-I-s∏-´-h-cp-sS `-£-Ww \n-ß-ƒ-°v A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-

am-Wv. \n-ß-fp-sS `-£-Ww A-h-¿-°pw A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-\n-I-fm-b ]-Xn-h-X-I-fm-b kv-Xo-I-fpw \n-ß-ƒ-°v ap-≥]v th-Zw \-¬-I-s∏-´-h-cn-¬ \n-∂p-≈ ]-Xn-h-X-I-fm-b kv-Xo-I-fpw-˛-\n-ß-ƒ A-h-¿-°v hn-hm-l-aq-eyw \-¬-In-bn-´p-s≠-¶n-¬-˛-\n-ß-ƒ-°v A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv (5:5)

Cu hn-hm-l-Øn-s‚ A-\n-hm-cy-am-b ^-e-am-Wv Z-º-Xn-am-¿-°n-S-bn-¬ kv-t\-l-ap-≠m-hp-I F-∂-Xv. A-Xm-Wv A-√m-lp Cu hm-Iy-Øn-eq-sS hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. ""\n-ß-ƒ k-am-[m-\-]q-¿-hw H-Øp-tN-cp-∂-Xn-\m-bn \n-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂p-X-s∂ \n-ß-ƒ-°v C-W-I-sf kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bpw \n-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn-¬ kv-t\-l-hpw Im-cp-Wy-hpw D-≠m-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn-¬ s]-´-X-sX'(31:21). H-cp a-\p-jy-≥ F-ß-s\-bm-Wv A-h-s‚ Po-hn-X ]-¶m-fn-sb-bpw Kr-l-\m-Y-s\-bpw C-W-bpwIp-ń-I-fp-sS D-Ω-sb-bpw kv-t\-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.Z-º-Xn-am-¿ X-Ωn-ep-≈ Cu _-‘-sØ Izp-¿-B-≥C-ß-s\ hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""A-h-¿ \n-ß-ƒ-°v h-kv-Xw. \n-ß-ƒ A-h-¿-°pw h-kv-Xw'' (2:187). Cuhn-hm-l-Øn-s‚ A-\n-hm-cy-^-e-am-Wv c-≠v Ip-Spw-_-ß-ƒ X-Ωn-¬ hn-hm-l-_-‘-Øn-eq-sS-bp-≈ _-‘w. C-Xv a-\p-jy-¿ X-Ωn-ep-≈ ]-Ir-Xn-]-c-am-bA-Sn-ÿm-\ _-‘-ß-fn-¬ H-∂m-sW-∂v Izp-¿-B-≥ hy-‡-am-°p-∂p: ""A-h-\m-Wv sh-≈-Øn-¬-\n-∂v a-\p-jy-s\ kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bpw A-h-s\ c-‡-_-‘-ap-≈-h-\pw hn-hm-l-_-‘-ap-≈-h-\pw B-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv'' (25:54) C-Xn-s‚ A-\n-hm-cy-^-e-am-Wv am-Xr-Xz-hpw Ip-ń-I-ƒ-°v am-Xm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈ I-S-a-I-fpw. A-t∏m-ƒ am-Xm-hn-s‚ H-cp B-tLm-j-\m-fn-¬ A-h-¿-°v B-iw-k-I-ƒ A-¿-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m-≥ a-°-ƒ-°v I-gn-bp-tam? am-Xm-hn-s‚ A-—-≥,h-en-b-—-≥, k-tlm-Z-c-≥, k-tlm-Z-cn, A-h-cp-sSa-°-ƒ-˛-C-h-¿ F-√m-h-tcm-Spw Ip-Spw-_-‘w ]p-e-¿-tØ-≠ _m-[y-X-bp-≠m-In-t√? A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p: c-‡-_-‘-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ \n-b-a-Øn-¬ Iq-Sp-X-¬ _-‘-s∏-´-h-¿'' (8:75)

A-Xn-\m-¬ ap-kv-enw hy-‡n-I-tfm, C-kz-v-emanIv sk-‚-dp-I-tfmA-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-tLm-j-th-f-I-fn-¬ t\-cn-t´m A-s√-¶n-¬B-iw-km-I-¿-Up-I-ƒ ap-J-\-tbmB-iw-k-I-ƒ A-¿-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-¬sX-‰n-√. F-∂m-¬ Cu B-iw-k-I-fn-¬ C-kv-em-an-I X-Xz-ß-ƒ-s°-Xn-cm-b Nn-lv-\-ß-tfm hm-N-I-ß-tfm ]m-Sn-√.


A-\y-a-X-ÿ-cm-b _-‘p-°-tfm-Spw Ip-Spw-_-ß-tfm-Sp-sa-√mw C-ß-s\ \-√ \n-e-°v s]-cp-am-dm-≥ I-ev-]n-°p-∂ C-kv-emw A-h-cn-se _-‘p-°-f-√m-Ø a-‰p-≈-h-tcm-Spw C-ß-s\ s]-cp-am-dm-\m-WvI-ev-]n-°p-∂-Xv. A-h-tcm-Sv _-e-]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚-tbm ]m-cp-jy-Øn-s‚-tbm s]-cp-am-‰w ]m-Sn-√. d-kq-¬ A-_q-Z-¿-dn-t\m-Sv ]-d-™p: ""P-\-ß-tfm-Sv Xm-¶-ƒ k-¬-kz-`m-h-tØm-sS s]-cp-am-dp-I''. C-hn-sSP-\-ß-tfm-Sv F-∂m-Wv ]-d-™-Xv, ap-kvv-enw-I-tfm-Sv F-∂-√. b-lq-Z-¿ \-_n-bp-sS A-Sp-Øp-h-∂p \m-hp h-f-®v "A- m-ap A-sse-I bm-ap-l-Ω-Zv" F-∂vA-`n-hm-Zyw sN-øpw. "kmw" F-∂m-¬ \m-iw, a-c-Ww F-s∂m-s°-bm-Wv A-¿-Yw. C-Xv tI-´-t∏m-ƒB-C-i(d) ]-d-™p. "A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ i-Xp-°-tf,\n-ß-ƒ-°m-Wv \m-i-hpw im-]-hpw". D-S-s\ \-_n(kz) A-ß-s\ ]-d-™-Xn-\v B-C-i-sb B-t£-]n-®p. A-t∏m-ƒ B-C-i C-ß-s\ ]-Xn-I-cn-®p. "A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Xn-cp-Zq-X-tc, A-h-¿ ]-d-™-Xv A-ßv tI-ń-t√?" \-_n: "tI-´p. Rm-≥ ]-d-™p.\n-ß-ƒ-°pw (A-Xm-b-Xv \m-iw \n-ß-ƒ-°p-≠m-h-s´). B-C-im, G-Xv Im-cy-Øn-epw a-b-ap-≈-k-ao-]-\-am-Wv A-√m-lp C-jv S-s∏-Sp-I"

A-Xn-\m-¬ ap-kvv-enw B-tLm-j-ß-fn-¬ A-ap-kvv-enw I-ƒ B-iw-k-b-¿-∏n-°pw-t]m-se A-h-cp-sSB-tLm-j-ß-fn-¬ ap-kvv-enw-I-ƒ-°pw B-iw-k-b-¿-∏n-°mw. Im-c-Ww \-∑-bv-°v \-∑-sIm-≠v ]-I-cwsN-øm-\m-Wv \mw I-ev-]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H-cpA-`n-hm-Zy-Øn-\v A-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ D-Ø-a-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, Np-cp-ßn-b-Xv Xp-ey-am-b-Xp-sIm-s≠-¶n-epw ]-Xy-`n-hm-Zyw sN-øm-\pw (4:86). H-cp ap-kvv-enw H-cn-°-epw k-¬-kz-`m-h-Øn-¬ a-‰p-≈-h-tc-°m-ƒ Ip-d-™ Aw-i-ap-≈-h-\m-I-cp-Xv. a-dn-®v, A-h-tc-°m-ƒIq-Sp-X-¬ Xn-I-™ Aw-i-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Xn-cp-ta-\n ]-d-bp-∂p: "hn-izm-kn-I-fn-¬ Cu-am-≥ G-‰-hpw Iq-Sp-X-¬ Xn-I-™-h-¿ G-‰-hpw \-√ kz-`m-h-ap-f-f-h-cm-Wv". Rm-≥ k-¬-kz-`m-h-Øn-s‚ ]q-¿-Øo-I-c-W-am-bm-Wv \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-Xv"

\mw A-ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an-te-°p £-Wn-°m-\w A-h-cp-am-bn A-Sp-∏-ap-≠m-°m-\pw D-t±-in-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-¬ Cu k-ao-]-\w Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw th-Ww. ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS t\-sc A-h-¿-°v kv-t\-l-ap-≠m-h-W-sa-∂v \mw B-K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-¬ C-Xv\n-¿-_-‘-am-Wv. A-h-cp-am-bn A-I-¬-®-bp-≠m-°n-bm-¬ C-Xv km-[y-am-hp-I-bn-√. a-dn-®v \-√ _-‘wkr-jv-Sn-°-Ww. a-° Po-hn-X-Im-e-a-X-bpw ap-iv-cn-°p-I-fm-b Jp-ssd-in-I-ƒ \-_n-sb D-]-Z-hn-®p; A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-bpw A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS-bpw t\-sc \m-bm-´v \-S-Øn. C-ß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶n-epw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ k-Xy-k-‘-X-bn-ep-≈-hn-izm-kw Im-c-W-am-bn A-h-cp-sS kz-Øp-°-ƒ kq-£n-°m-≥ A-t±-l-sØ-bm-Wv G-ev-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \-_n(kz) a-Zo-\-bn-te-°v ln-Pv-d t]m-b-t∏m-ƒ A-en-(d)sb a-°-bn-¬ \n-¿-Øn Cu kz-Øp-°-sf-√mw Xn-cn-®p-

sIm-Sp-°m-≥ A-t±-l-sØ G-ev-]n-°p-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv.

A-Xn-\m-¬ ap-kv-enw hy-‡n-I-tfm, C-kz-v-emanIvsk-‚-dp-I-tfm A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-tLm-j-th-f-I-fn-¬ t\-cn-t´m A-s√-¶n-¬ B-iw-km-I-¿-Up-I-ƒ ap-J-\-tbm B-iw-k-I-ƒ A-¿-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-¬ sX-‰n-√. F-∂m-¬ Cu B-iw-k-I-fn-¬ C-kv-em-an-IX-Xz-ß-ƒ-s°-Xn-cm-b Nn-lv-\-ß-tfm hm-N-I-ß-tfm]m-Sn-√. I-kv-Xym-\n-I-ƒ-°v B-iw-k-b-¿-∏n-°p-tºm-ƒ Ip-cp-in-s‚ ]-cm-a-¿-iw ]m-Sn-√. Im-c-Ww Ip-cn-iv Nn-¥ C-kv-emw \n-tj-[n-°p-∂p. C-Ø-cw B-iw-k-I-ƒ-°m-bn km-[m-c-W D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ hm-°p-I-sfm-∂pw A-h-cp-sS a-X-sØ i-cn-sh-°p-∂B-i-bw D-ƒ-s°m-≈p-∂n-√. Nn-e w-Kn-hm-°p-I-ƒam-X-am-Wv. A-Xp-t]m-se B-tLm-j-th-f-I-fn-¬A-h-cn-¬ \n-∂v ]m-cn-tXm-jn-I-ß-ƒ kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-epw sX‰n-√. CuPn-]vXnse ssIkvX-h-\mbapIzu-kn\v \_n(-kz) ]m-cn-tXm-jn-I-ß-ƒ A-b-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠-t√m. F-∂m-¬ Cu ]m-cn-tXm-jn-I-ß-fn-¬ ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v l-dmw B-b a-Zyw]-∂n-amw-kw Xp-S-ßn-b-h ]m-Sn-√.

F-∂m-¬ C-hn-sS C-_v-\p ssX-an-ø A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ in-jy-≥ C-_v-\p-¬ J-ønw Xp-S-ßn-b Nn-e ^p-J-lm-°-ƒ A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-tLm-j-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-h-bn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s‚-bpw Im-cy-Øn-¬ i-‡-am-b \n-e-]m-Sv kzo-I-cn-®-Xn-s\ \mwa-d-°p-∂n-√. ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-tLm-j-ß-ƒ sIm-≠m-Sp-∂-Xn-s\ F-Xn-¿-°p-∂ hn-j-b-ß-ƒ \m-apw A-h-tcm-sSm-∏w X-s∂-bm-Wv. Nn-e ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ Cu-Zp-¬ n-Xzv-dpw Cu-Zp-¬ A-lv-Zm-bpw B-tLm-jn-°pw-t]m-se-tbm A-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ Iq-Sp-X-¬ ]m-[m-\y-tØm-sS-tbm In-kv-Xp-a-kpwB-tLm-jn-°m-dp-≠v. C-Xv ]m-Sn-√. \-ap-°v \-Ωp-sS B-tLm-j-ß-fp-≠v; A-h-¿-°v A-h-cp-tS-Xpw.F-∂m-¬ A-b-¬-hm-kn-I-tfm A-Sp-∏-ap-≈-h-tcm kp-lr-Øp-°-tfm G-sX-¶n-epw X-c-Øn-ep-≈ km-aq-ly-_-‘-ap-≈-h-tcm B-b A-ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ-°v A-h-cp-sS B-tLm-j-th-f-I-fn-¬ B-iw-k-I-ƒ A-¿-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-¬ sX-‰n-√. \m-´p-\-S-∏v Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂ \-√ s]-cp-am-‰-Øn-s‚-bpw sa-®-s∏-´ _-‘-Øn-s‚-bpw `m-K-am-Wn-Xv.

F-∂m-¬ kzm-X-¥y-Zn-\w, sF-Iy-Zn-\w, in-ip-Zn-\w, am-Xr-Zn-\w Xp-S-ßn-b tZ-io-b-hpw km-aq-ly-hp-am-b B-tLm-j-ß-fn-¬ ap-kv-enw-I-ƒ B-iw-kA-¿-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-¬ H-cp sX-‰p-an-√. am-X-a-√, \m-ń-se H-cp ]u-c-≥ F-∂ \n-e-°v C-h-bn-se-√mw ]-s¶-Sp-°p-I-bpw th-Ww. ]-t£, C-Ø-cw k-µ-¿-`-ß-fn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂ l-dm-am-b Im-cy-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂vhn-´v \n-ev-°-Ww.

(a° Bÿm-\-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ temIapkvenw kwL-S-\-bmb dm_n-Xz-bpsS apJ-]Xw"A¬-B-e-ap¬ Ckveman' (e°w 2188) ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv)


Akokv A®-\-ºew

IhnX

Hgp°v

aI-t\,CXv ]Sp-Im-ew.H‰p-Imcpw \mbm-´p-kw-L-ßfpwhe-hn-cn®p Np‰-nepw]Xp-ßn-bn-cn-∏p-≠v.

apSn-bn¬ IpSp°ntImSn-Iƒ X´m≥hgn-hm-Wn` kwLwHcp-ßn-°-gn-™p.

Pn∂n-t\mSpwC≥kn-t\mSpw ]m¿Yn®v]pd-Øp-t]m-b-h¿AI-Øm-sW∂phymtPm-‡n-I-fm¬apJw an\p-°p-∂p-≠v.

kjvSm-hn\p ]IcwapI-bn-Sp-s∂mcpEj-`-P-∑sØkrjvSn®p \an-®-hscad-∂p-t]mtbm? *

hmfp Xq°n ]pWyw t\Sm≥acw tNmZn®p\mWw sI´-hscHm¿a-bnt√? *

Cu Hgp-°n¬]nSn-h-≈n-bmbvHcp KŸhpwHcp Pohn-Xhpwap∂n-en-cns°apßn-s∏mßpwP\-X-Xn-bpsSIY-sb¥p sNm√m≥!

* aqkm \_n(-A)-bpsS P\X

* ZmØp A≥hmXv F∂ acw


imkvXw

Sn ]n Fw dm^n

ku-c-bq-Y-Øn¬, Po-h≥ A-Xn-s‚ ]q¿-Wm¿-YØn¬ ]-cn-e-kn-®p-\n¬-°p∂ H-tc-sbm-cp hn-kv-a-b-K-l-am-Wv qan. kq-cy-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se∂√, a-\p-jy-s‚ A-t\zj-WwsN-s∂Øn-b B-Im-i-Kw-K-bpsSsNdn-b ]-cn-[n-bn-se G-sX-¶nepwtImWn¬ Po-h-kv- p-c-W-Øn-s‚ F-s¥-¶nepw X-c-Øn-ep≈ e-£-W-ßtfm kq-N-\-Itfm D-≈-Xm-bn A-dn-hn√.

]mWs‚ \n-e-\n¬-∏v Im-Øp-kq-£n-°p-∂ k-¶o¿-Whpw kq-£v-a-

hpam-b H-t´-sd hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw kw-hn-[m-\-ßfpwCu l-cn-X-K-l-Øn-s‚ amXw kz-¥-amWv. `q-an-bn-se G-sXm-cp _n-µphpw Po-h-s\-∂ almk-a-ky-sb s\-©n-te‰m≥ ]m-I-Øn-em-Wv kw-hn-[m-\n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-sX-∂v im-kv-X-K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sSsh-fn-®Øn¬ \mw C-∂-dn-bp∂p. `u-a-K¿-`-Øn¬-\n-∂p XpS-ßn D-]-cn-X-e-Ønepw A-¥-co-£-Øn-ep-sa√mw kq-£v-ahpw ÿq-e-hpam-b P-¥p-k-ky-ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-Øn-s‚ a-lm-irw-J-e Zr-iy-amWv.

k-hn-ti-jam-b A-¥-co-£L-S\`q-anbn¬ Po-h≥ \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂Xn¬ A-¥-co-

£-L-S-\-bp-sS kzm-[o-\w hf-sc h-ep-XmWv. ]m-

ku-c-bq-Y-Øn¬, Po-h≥ A-Xn-s‚ ]q¿-Wm¿-YØn¬ ]-cn-e-kn-®p-\n¬-°p∂H-tc-sbm-cp hn-kv-a-b-K-l-am-Wv qan. kq-cy-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se∂√, a-\p-jy-s‚A-t\zj-Ww sN-s∂Øn-b B-Im-i-Kw-K-bpsS sNdn-b ]-cn-[n-bn-se G-sX-¶nepw tImWn¬ Po-h-kv-^p-c-W-Øn-s‚ F-s¥-¶nepw X-c-Øn-ep≈ e-£-W-ßtfm kq-N-\-Itfm D-≈-Xm-bn A-dn-hn√.

`qan F¥p-sIm≠vPoh≥ s\©n-te-‰p∂p?


W-hm-bp F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ hm-bp-a-fi-eØn¬ 21 i-X-am-\-am-Wp-≈Xv; ss\-S-P-\mI-s´ G-Xm-≠v 78 i-X-am-\-hpw. Im¿-_¨ U-tbm-Iv-sskUv, ssl-UP≥, lo-en-bw-t]m-ep-≈ a-‰phm-X-I-ß-sf√mw tN¿-∂v _m-°n-bp-≈ H-cp-i-X-am-\-hpw.

Hm -Iv -knP-s‚ A-f-sh-ßm\pw 21 i-X-am -\Øn¬ Iq-Sp-X-embm¬ F-¥m-bn-cn°pw `q-an-bp-sS A-h-ÿ? H-∂pw \n-e-\n¬-°n√, `q-ap-J-Øv.F√mw s]-s´-∂p Xo-∏n-Sn-®p Nm-º-em-hpw. Hm-Iv-knP-s‚ Af-hv \n-e-hn-ep-≈-Xn-t\°mƒ A¬-∏wIp-d-™m-epw ssP-h-tem-I-Øn-\p ]-e \n-e-bv°pwò-j-Wn-bm-Wv. tIm-i-ß-fn-te-°v c-‡-Øn-eq-sSth≠-X Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ F-Øn-°m-\m-hn√ F∂-XvH-cp ]-iv-\-amWv; A-tXmsS tIm-i-ßfn¬ •q-t°m-kv X-∑m-X-Iƒ "I-Øn®v' Du¿-Pw ]p-d-tØ-°p-hn-Sp-∂-Xn\pw ]-bm-kw t\-cn-Spw. ssP-h-tem-I-Øn-s‚ \m-i-Øn-\p h-gn-sbm-cp°m≥ Cu tXm-Xp-hy-Xym-kw [m-cm-fw aXn.

A-¥-co-£Øn¬ H-cp-i-X-am-\-tØmfw h-cp-∂Im¿-_¨ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv F-∂ hm-X-I-Øn\pwù-a Du-jv-am-hv ]m-IØn¬ -\n¿-Øp-∂Xn¬ hen-b ]-¶p≠v. hm-bp-a-fi-e-Øn-se Im¿-_¨-U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv H-cp "]p-X-∏m'bn q-an-sb aq-Sp-∂-Xn\m¬cm-Xn-Im-e-ßfn¬ Nq-Sv s]-s´-∂p Xm-gv-∂p-t]m-Im-sX-t\m°p∂p. A-¥-co-£-Øn-se Im¿-_¨ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Un-s‚ Af-hv A¬-∏-sam-∂p Iq-Sn-bmepw B-]-ØmWv. `q-an sNm-∆-sb-t∏m-se Np-´p-s]m-≈pw. Im-em-h-ÿbn¬ h≥-]-Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ A-Xp h-cp-Øn-sh-°pw. Po-h≥ A-kv-X-an-®p-t]mIm≥ C-Xnepw hn-ti-jn-s®m∂pw th-≠. B-[p-\n-I-a-\p-jy-s‚ h-gn-hn-´ Im¿-_¨-_-ln¿-K-a-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-kv-t\-ln-Iƒ ap-d-hn-fnIq-´p∂-Xv F-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW-∂v \-ap-°-dn-bmw.

A¥co-£-L-S-I-ß-fpsS Af-hv B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn \n-e-\n¿Øm≥ ]-Ir-Xym-Xs∂ h≥-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fm-Wv `q-anbn¬ H-cp-°n-sh-®n-´p-≈-sX-∂v ]T\-ßƒ sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. `q-ap-J-sØ hr-£-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ ]-Im-i-kw-t«j-Ww h-gn ssP-h-tem-I-Øn-\p -£-W-sam-cp°m≥ A-¥-co-£-Øn-se Aan-X Im¿-_¨ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv hmX-IwB-Knc-Ww sN-øp-∂p≠v. Hmtcm Zn-h-khpw 190_n√y¨ S¨ Hm-Iv-kn-P-\m-Wv A-h `-£-W-Øn-\p ]pdsa \-ap-°v Xn-cn-®p-X-cp-∂Xv!

`q-an-bp-sS ]n-fihpw A-I-ehpwù-tam-]-cn-X-eØn¬ hm-bp-afi-ew ]n-Sn-®p-\n¿-

Øp-∂Xn¬ ]nfi(Mass)Øn\pw ][m-\ ]-¶p≠v.ù-a-]n-fiw A¬-∏w Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-s∂¶n¬ A-Xn-s‚ Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W_-ew A-¥-co-£w ]n-Sn-®p-\n¿Øm≥ A-]-cym-]v-X-am-Ip∂p. N-µ\n¬ `q-an-bn-te-Xp-t]m-se \n-b-X-am-b hm-bp-a-fi-e-an√m-Ø-Xn-\p- Im-c-Whpw a-s‰m∂√. `q-an-bp-sS ]n-fiw

C-t∏m-gp-≈-Xn¬-\n-∂p Iq-Sn-bmepw ]-iv-\w-Xs∂.Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿j-Ww A-¥-co-£-sØ D-≈n-te-°p h-en-s®-Sp-°pw. `q-apJ-Øv Hm-Iv-kn-P-\v kz-X-¥-am-bn hn-l-cn°m≥ I-gn-bm-sX-h-cpw. A-t∏mgpw Po-hm-¶pc-Ww a-co-Nn-I-bm-hpw.

`q-an-bp-sS -a-W-]-Y-Øn-s‚ kq-cy-\n¬-\n-∂p≈A-I-ehpw Poh-s‚ A-Snÿm-\ L-S-I-ß-sf-∂phn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ A-an-t\m-A-æ-ßƒ _m-jv-]-am-bn-t∏m-Im-sXbpw X-Wp-Øp-d-™p-t]m-Im-sXbpw\n-e-\n¿Øm≥ ]m-I-Øn-emWv. `q-an kq-cy-\n-te-°v A¬-∏w A-SpØm¬ A-an-t\mAæ-ßƒ A-Xns‚ Zm-h-Im-h-ÿ ssI-sh-Sn-™v B-hn-bm-Ipw.A-I-∂m-tem? Po-hm-æ-ßƒ X-Wp-Øp-d-™v hn-d-ß-en®p-t]m-Ipw; ssP-h-tem-Iw A-t∏mgpw \n-Xm-¥-ÿm-h-c-\n-Zbn¬ B-≠p-In-S-°pw.

`q-anbn¬ Poh-s‚ \m-fw sI-Sm-sX kq-£n°m≥ th-sd-bpw H-t´-sd kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ k-a-Rv-P-k-am-bn k-tΩ-fn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. q-an-bp-sS D-]-cn-X-e Kp-cpXzw(surface gravitiy) A¬-∏w Iq-Sp-X-em-sW¶n¬ A-¥-co-£w A-tam-Wn-b-sIm≠pw aotX≥sIm≠pw \n-d-bpw. D-]-cn-X-eKp-cpXzw Ip-d-™mepw]m-Xn-Iq-ey-ßƒ X-ssY-h. u-tam-]-cn-X-e-Øn-seP-e-\-„-am-bn-cn°pw ew. Po-h≥ \n-e-\n¿Øm≥A-\n-hm-cyam-b H-cp L-S-I-am-Wt√m Pew.

`q-an-bp-sS I-Ãn-s‚ I-\hpw ]-[m-\-amWv. u-a-I-Ãn-s‚ I-\w Iq-Snbm¬ A-¥-co-£-Øn¬-\n-∂v Iq-Sp-X¬ A-fhn¬ Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ I-Ãn-te-°vB-Knc-Ww sN-ø-s∏-Spw. I-Ãn-\v C-t∏m-gp≈XI-\w D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n-tem? u-tam-]-cn-X-e-Øn-\v th≠-X D-d-∏p-≠m-hn√. A-t∏mƒ A-·n-]¿-h-X-kv-t^m-S\-ßƒ C-S-X-S-hn√m-sX q-ap-J-sØ A-kz-ÿ-am-°pw. B a-lm A-·n-Pzmebn¬ kq£v-a ssP-h-X-¥p-°ƒ-°v ]n-Sn-®p-\n¬-°m-\m-hn√.

A-¥-co-£-Ønse A-cn-∏, ta¬-∏p-c, c-£m-Ih-Nw F-s∂m-s° hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂, Hm-Iv-knP-s‚ a-s‰m-cp cq-]am-b Hm-tkm¨ (O3) hm-X-I-Øn-s‚ Af-hv Ip-d™m¬ am-X-a√ Iq-Sn-bmepw B-]-ØmWv. Hm-tkm-Wn-s‚ A-fhv Iq-Snbm¬ Cu"A-cn-∏' F√m c-iv-an-Ifpw h-en-s®-Sp-Øv `q-an-sbh≥-tXmXn¬ X-Wp-∏n-°pw. Ip-d-™m-tem, \-ap-


°-dn-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse, am-c-I-c-iv-an-Iƒ F√m ssP-h-]-Xo-£-I-sfbpw X√n-s°-Sp-Øpw. `q-an D-b¿-∂ Du-jv-amhn¬ sh-¥p-cp-Ipw.

""A-h≥ D-]-cn-a-fi-e-sØ hn-Xm-\n-°p-Ibpw k-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ Im-Øp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp''(55:7)

""Hmtcm h-kv-Xp-shbpw A-h≥ kr-„n-°p-IbpwA-Xn-s\ i-cn-bmwh-Æw hy-h-ÿ-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwsN-bv-Xp'' (25:2)

""Af-hv \n¿-W-bn-°-s∏-´ (k-¥p-en-X-am-b)F√m h-kv-Xp-°fpw \mw D-Xv-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp'' (15:19)

D-cp≠ `q-anIzp¿-B≥ sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p: "" B-Im-i-ßfpw

`q-anbpw A-h≥ bm-Ym¿-Yy-]q¿-hw kr-„n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. cm-Xn-sb-s°m-≠v A-h≥ ]-I-ent∑¬ Np-‰n-s∏m-Xn-bp-∂p. ]-I-en-s\-s°m-≠v A-h≥ cm-Xn-taepw Np-‰n-s∏m-Xn-bp∂p. ("Np-‰n-s∏m-Xn-bp∂p' F-∂-Xn\v A-d-_nbn¬ "bp-I-∆ndp' F-∂p ]-tbm-Kw).kq-cy-s\bpw N-µ-s\bpw A-h≥ \n-b-¥-W-hn-t[-b-am-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p∂p. F√mw \n›n-X ]-cn-[nh-sc N-en-°p-∂p''(39: 5)

C-hn-sS, "F√mw N-en-°p-∂p' F-∂ A¿-Y-Øn¬, "Ip√p≥ b-Pvco' F-∂p Jp¿-B≥ kq-£v-a-am-bn ]-tbm-Kn®-Xv ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-t°≠Xm-Wv.

A-d-_n-`m-jbn¬ "Ip-d' F-∂ ]-Z-Øn-\v D-cp-≠Xv, ]¥v, tKm-fw F-s∂m-s°-bm-Wv A¿-Yw.A-Xn¬-\n-∂p≠m-b In-bm-cq-]-Øn-\v (bp-I-∆ndp)"Np-‰n-°p-I' F-∂v A¿-Yw \-¬-In-bm-te m-j-tbm-Sv \o-Xn-]p-e¿-Øm-\mhq. `q-an-b-S-°-ap-≈ B-Im-i-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ-°v tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bm-sW-∂ kq-N-\\¬-Ip-I-bm-Wv Izp¿-B≥ Cu h-N-\-Øn-eqsS.

\-_n(kz) Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ Im-e-L-´-Ønepw A-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw kq-cy\pw N-µ-\p-sa√mw "]-c-∂Xpw

\n-›-e-hpamb `q-an'sb h-ew-sh-°p-I-bm-sW-∂hn-izm-k-am-Wv \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂Xv.

A-d-_n-hym-I-c-W-]-Imcw, hm-°p-Iƒ-°v, C-X-c m-j-I-fn¬-\n-∂p hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn G-I-h-N\w,Zzn-h-N\w, _-lp-hN-\w F-∂o aq-∂p cq-]-ß-fp≠v.Cu B-bØn¬ `q-an-sbbpw N-µ-s\bpw kq-cy-s\-bp-am-Wt√m Izp¿B≥ ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂Xv. `q-an \n-›-e-am-bn \n¬-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw kq-cy\pwN-µ-\pw `q-an°pw Np‰pw N-en-°pIbmsW-∂pam-Wv Jp¿-B-s‚ [m-c-W-sb¶n¬, "Ip√p-lp-am b-Pv-cn-bm\n' ("A-h c≠pw N-en-°p-∂p' F-∂-Xn-s‚Zzn-h-N-\-]-tbmKw) F-∂m-bn-cp-∂t√m Jp¿-B≥]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv. A-d-_nbn¬ kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bp-≈ Zzn-h-N-\-Øn-s‚ km-[yX-Iƒ \n-e-\n¬s°,Jp¿-B≥ A-\p-tbm-Pyam-b k-µ¿-`-ßfn¬ Aß-s\ [m-cm-fw ]tbm-Kn-®n´pap-s≠-∂n-cns°, c-≠n¬°q-Sp-X¬ h-kv-Xp-°-fp-≈-t∏mƒ amXw ]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ "Ip√p≥ b-Pvco' F∂v Jp¿-B≥ C-hn-sS `q-an-sbbpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v -]-tbm-Kn®-Xv Gsd Nn¥-\o-b-am-Wv.

]p-d-ta-bv-°p hn-I-kn-® `qanJp¿-B≥ ]-d-bp∂p: ""`q-an-bm-I-s´ \mw A-Xn-

s\ hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂]¿-hX-ßƒ \mw \m-´p-Ibpw tN-tXm-l-c-ßfm-bF√m k-ky-h¿-K-ß-sfbpw \mw ap-f-∏n-°p-IbpwsN-bv-Xp'' (50:7)

`q-an-b-S-ßp-∂ ku-c-bq-Yw P-∑-sa-SpØ-Xv G-Xm-≠v 4.50 _n√y¨ h¿-jw ap-ºm-bn-cp-∂ncn°-W-sa-∂v `q-hn-⁄m-\n-Iƒ K-Wn-s®-Sp-°p∂p. "`q-an'sb Izp¿-B≥ ]-cm-a¿-in-°p∂Xv 450 X-h-W-bm-sW∂-Xv bm-Zr-—n-I-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n√.

hf-sc ]-≠v `q-an-bp-sS Bcw (radius) C-t∏m-gp-≈ 6400 In-tem-ao-‰¿ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw A-XvG-Xm\pw In-tem-ao-‰-dp-Iƒ am-X-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw K-th-j-Wßƒ sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. `q-an-bp-sS B-cw (tKm-f-Øn-s‚ tI-µ-Øn¬-\n-∂v D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-te-°p-≈ A-Iew) Im-e-Ita-W Iq-Sn-b-t∏mƒ `q-an-bp-sS ]-X-e-hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww kzm-`m-hn-I-ambpw Iq-Sn.

Cu -h-N-\Øn¬ "hn-I-kn-∏n-®p' F-∂-Xn-\v "a-±' F-∂ ]-Z-am-Wv Izp¿-B≥ kzo-I-cn-®n-c-n-°p-∂-sX-∂p Im-Wmw. ]-g-b-Ime-Øv "]-cØn' F-∂v ]-ecpw Cu ]-Z-Øn-\v A¿-Yw \¬-Inb-Xv hm-°pI-sf kq-£v-a-am-bn \n-co-£n-®p-sIm-≠-mbns√-∂vAd_n`m-j-]-fin-X∑m¿-X-s∂ A-`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. ]p-d-ta-bv-°p hn-I-kn-∏n-®p F-∂ A¿-Y-am-Wv `m-jm-]-c-ambpw Iq-Sp-X¬ tbm-Pn-°p-I-sb-∂vA-h¿ hy-‡-am-°p∂p.

hm-°p-Iƒ A-Xn-s‚ I-Wn-ihpw kq-£v-a-hpamb A¿-YØn¬ ]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-sb∂-Xv Izp¿B-s‚ co-Xn-im-kv-X-amWv. H-cp D-Zm-l-cWw: ""tdm-a°m¿ `q-an-bn-se G-‰hpw Xm-gv-∂ ]-tZ-i-Øp-sh-

A-d-_n-`m-jbn¬ "Ip-d' F-∂ ]-Z-Øn-\v D-cp-≠Xv, ]¥v, tKm-fw F-s∂m-s°-bm-Wv A¿-Yw. A-Xn¬-\n-∂p≠m-b In-bm-cq-]-Øn-\v (bp-I-∆ndp) "Np-‰n-°p-I' F-∂v A¿-Yw\-¬-In-bm-te m-j-tbm-Sv \o-Xn-]p-e¿-Øm-\mhq. q-an-b-S-°-ap-≈ B-Im-i-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ-°v tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bm-sW-∂ kq-N-\ \¬-Ip-I-bm-WvIzp¿-B≥ Cu h-N-\-Øn-eqsS.

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®v tXm¬-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. X-ß-fp-sS ]-cm-P-b-Øn-\p-ti-jw G-Xm-\pw -h¿-j-ßƒ-°p-≈n¬-X-s∂ A-h¿ hnP-bw h-cn-°p-∂-XmWv. apºpw ]nºpwA√m-lp-hn-\m-Ip-∂p Im-cy-ß-fp-sS \n-b-¥-Ww''(30:2˛4)

]-hm-NI-s‚ Im-e-Øpw sXm´pap≥]pw A-td_y≥ A¿-[-Zzo-]n-s‚ Nn-e ta-J-e-Ifn¬ B-[n-]Xyw ÿm-]n-°m-\m-bn t]¿-jy-°mcpw tdm-a-°mcpw XΩn¬ bp-≤w ]-Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. In-kv-Xym-\n-Ifm-b tdm-a-°m-tcm-Sm-bn-cp∂p, th-Z-°m-sc-∂ \n-e-bn¬, ap-kven-wIƒ-°v ]n-bhpw A-\p-`m-h-hpw._-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp-∂ A-d-_n-Iƒ-°v ]t£, t]¿-jy-°m-tcm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p Xm-Xv-]-cyw. lnPv-d A©mw h¿-jØn¬ tdm-a-°m¿-s°-Xn-sc t]¿-jy°m¿ hn-P-bw t\-Sn-b-t∏mƒ _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm[-I¿ ap-kvenwI-sf ]-cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw B hn-PbØn¬ Ah¿ h√msX Xn-an¿-Øm-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXp.tdm-a-°m-cp-sS ]-cmP-bw Xm-Xv-°m-en-Iw am-X-am-sW-∂pw A-Xp-sIm-≠v A-Xn-cp-hn-´v B-Àm-Zn-t°-s≠∂pw G-Xm\pw sIm√-ßƒ°-Iw A-h¿ t]¿-jy-°m¿-°pta¬ hnP-bw t\-Sp-sa∂pw Izp¿-B≥A-k-µn-Kv-[-am-bn ]hNn-°p-I-bmWv. G-gp h¿-j-Øn-\p≈n¬ tdm-a°m¿ hnP-bw t\-Sn. Izp¿B-s‚ ]hN\w ]p-e¿∂p.

C-°mcyw ]-h-Nn°ptºmgpw Izp¿-B≥ ù-a-L-S-\-bn-te°pw sh-fn-®w -ho-ip-∂p-s≠∂ h-kv-Xp-X \-sΩ Iq-SpX¬ hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-°p∂p. "A-Zv-\'F-∂ ]-Z-am-Wv Izp¿-B≥ C-hn-sS ]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv. "Xm-gv-∂' F-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv Cu ]-Z-Øn-s‚i-cn-bmb A¿Yw. "`q-an-bn-se A-Sp-Ø ]-tZ-i-Øp-sh®v' F-∂ A¿-Y-tØ°mƒ `q-an-im-kv-X-]-c-am-bn tbm-Pn-°p-∂Xpw "`q-an-bn-se G-‰hpw Xm-gv-∂]-tZ-i-Øp-sh®v' F-∂ A¿-Y-amWv. "`q-an-bn-seG-‰hpw Xm-gv-∂]-tZ-iw' F-∂p Izp¿-B≥ ]-tbm-Kn®-Xv F-¥p-sIm-≠mWv?

N-cn-X-]-c-am-bn t\m-°n-bm¬, Nm-hpI-S¬ ]-tZi-Øp sh-®m-W-t√m- tdm-a°m¿ A-∂p ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. k-ap-Z-\n-c-∏n¬-\n-∂v 1388 A-Sn Xm-sg-bm-bm-Wv Cu `q-]-tZ-iw ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-sX-

∂v C-∂p \-Ω-f-dn-bp∂p.

A-fim-Ir-Xn ]m-]n-® `qanhm-°p-Iƒ kq-£v-a-am-bn ]-tbm-Kn-®v ùa-L-

S-\-bn-te°pw B-Ir-Xn-bn-te°pw kq-N-\ \¬-Ip-∂ a-s‰m-cp Izp¿-B≥ hN-\w Im-Wp-I: ""]n-∂oS-h≥ `q-an-sb A-fim-Ir-Xn-bn-em-°n'' (79:30)

"Z-lm-l' F-∂ In-bm-]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\]-Zw "Z-lm' F-∂mWv. A-fim-Ir-Xn-bn-te-°v hn-I-kn-∏n-®p F-∂p i-cn°pw A¿-Yw In-´p-∂]-Zw. "Z-lm-lm'-bp-sS a-s‰mcp \n-jv-]-Ønbm-b "Zp-bm'°v H-´p-an-° i-–-Xm-cm-h-en-I-fn-epw "H-´-I-]-£n-bp-sS ap-´-bp-sS cq]w' F-∂m-Wv A¿-Yw \¬-Inb-Xv.

Koran.Izlam.net dictionary/exegesis, Mohit Dictio-nary, Lisan Arab Lexicon F-∂n-h-bp-sS Hm¨-sse≥i-–-hn-⁄m-\-tIm-i-∏-Xn-∏p-Ifn¬ 'Expanded it toan ostrich egg' F-∂p-≈ A¿-Yw \¬-Inb-Xv i-t≤-b-amWv.

`q-an-bp-sS b-Ym¿-Y B-Ir-Xn H-´-I-]-£n-bp-sSap-´-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ (oblate spheriod) F-∂v_-ln-cm-Im-i-Øp-\n-s∂-Sp-Ø Nn-X-ßƒ \-sΩt_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. (NnXw Im-Wp-I)

1577¬, k¿ ^m≥-kn-kv tU-°v k-ap-Z-k-©m-cw \-S-Øn `q-an D-cp-≠-Xm-sW-∂p sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p hf-sc ap-≥]p-Xs∂, ap-kvenw-temI-Øv `q-an am-Xa√, F√m B-Im-i-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ°pw tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bm-Wp-≈-sX-∂ hn-izm-kw, Izp¿-B≥- Nn-¥-I-fp-sS ]n≥-_-e-Øn¬, i-‡n-s∏-ń-cp-∂p-sh∂vN-cn-X-K-Ÿ-ßfn¬ Im-Wmw. hn-°n-]o-Un-bbn¬Islamic Golden Age¬ ]-c-Xn-t\m-°nbm¬ C-Xp t_m-[y-am-hpw. In-kv-Xp-h¿-jw 700Ifn¬ Po-hn-® A-_q-l-\o-^bpw 1200Ifn¬ Po-hn-® C-_v-\p-Xo-an-bbpw C-tX Bi-bw Izp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-\-ßfn¬tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ønb-Xv \-ap-°v hm-bn-°mw. a-lm\m-bC-_v-\p-I-kodpw "]-c-∂-`q-an'bn¬ hn-iz-kn-°m≥Iq-´m-°n-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂p Im-Wmw.

ù-aP-ewPothm-Xv-]-Ønbpw P-e-hpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ ]m-c-

kv-]cyw Izp¿-B≥ sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:""sh-≈-Øn¬-\n-∂v F√m Po-h-h-kv-Xp-°-sfbpw

\mw D-≠m-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp'' (21:30)s\m-t_¬-kΩm-\ tP-Xmhpw ssh-‰-an≥˛kn-

bp-sS cm-kL-S-\ I-s≠Øn-b im-kv-X-⁄-\pam-b tUm. B¬-_¿-´v sk‚ v tPym¿-Pn-bp-sS hm-°p-Iƒ Cu hN-\w A-]-K-Yn-°p-tºmƒ hf-schn-e-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂p tXm-∂p∂p. A-t±-lw ]-d-bp∂p: ""sh-≈-an-s√¶n¬ q-anbn¬ Po-thm-Xv-]-Øn-bn√. ssP-h-L-S-I-ß-fp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-cq-]hpw A-Xn-s‚ \nKq-V _-e-X-¥hpw sh-≈w-X-s∂''.

ù-tam-]-cn-X-eØn¬ \men¬ aq-∂p `m-Khpwsh-≈-amWv. ]m-b-]q¿-Ønbm-b a-\p-jys‚ -i-co-

1577¬, k¿ ^m≥-kn-kv tU-°v k-ap-Z-k-©m-cw \-S-Øn q-an D-cp-≠-Xm-sW-∂p sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p hf-sc ap-≥]p-Xs∂, ap-kvenw-temI-Øv q-an am-Xa√,F√m B-Im-i-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ°pw tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bm-Wp-≈-sX-∂ hn-izm-kw, Izp¿-B≥- Nn-¥-I-fp-sS ]n≥-_-e-Øn¬, i-‡n-s∏-ń-cp-∂p-sh∂v N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-ßfn¬ Im-Wmw.

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cØn¬ 70 i-X-am-\hpw sh-≈w-Xs∂. H-cp \-h-Pm-X-in-iphn¬ 74 i-X-am-\w sh-≈-am-sW-¶n¬,`q-W-Øn-em-h-s´ 80 i-X-am-\hpw sh-≈w ssI-b-S-°p∂p.

`q-apJ-Øv [p-h-ß-fn-sem-gn-sI H-´p-an-°-bn-SØpw P-ew Zm-h-I-cq-]-Øn-em-Wv ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂Xv. P-ew Zm-h-I-cq-]Øn¬ Im-Wp-∂ Klw, A-dn-b-s∏-ń-S-tØmfw, `q-an am-X-amWv. P-ew Zm-h-I-cq-]Øn¬ \n-e-\n-∂m-te ssP-h-tem-I-Øn-\p \n-e-\n¬-∏p-≈q-sh-∂v tPym¿-Pn k-a¿-Yn-°p∂p.

D-]m-]-N-b-]-In-b h-gn i-co-cw Du¿-Pw D-Xv-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ ]p-d-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-∂ h-n-jmw-i-ßfpw am-en-\y-ßfpw In-Uv-\n-bm-Wv ]p-d-tØ-°vI-f-bp-∂Xv. bq-dn-Iv B-knUpw bq-dn-bbpw em-Iv-SnIvv B-knUpw hn-k¿-Pn-®p-t]m-I-W-sa¶n¬ A-h sh-≈Øn¬ e-bn-°Ww. i-co-cØn¬ P-emw-iw Ip-d™m¬ In-Uv-\n BZyw ]Wn ap-S-°pw.i-co-c-Øn-se Z-l-\-]-In-b-I-fnepw sh-≈-Øn-\v]-¶p≠v. i-co-cØn¬ F≥-ssk-ap-I-fp-sS k-lm-b-tØm-sS \-S-°p-∂ cm-k-]-In-b-Iƒ°pw th-Zn-sbm-cp-°p∂-Xv sh-≈-am-Wv. •q-t°mkpw C-cp-ºp-X-¥p-°fpw Hm-Iv -kn-P-\p-sa√mw tIm-i-ß-fn -te°pw I-e-I-fn-te°pw c-‡-Øn-eq-sS F-Øn-°p-∂-Xnepw Cu km¿-h-euIn-I em-b-\n-bpsS "tdmƒ'Im-Wmw.

c-≠v ssl-U-P≥ B-‰-ßfpw H-cp Hm-Iv-kn-P≥B-‰hpw tN¿-∂, ]-Xy-£Øn¬ A-X-sbm∂pwk-¶o¿-W-a√m-Ø, F∂m¬ hn-kv-a-b-ß-fp-sS a-lm-ta-cphmb kw-bp-‡-am-Wv Pew (H

2O). a-\p-jy-i-

co-c-Øn-s‚ F-∂-t]m-se u-a-i-co-c-Øn-s‚bpw F-gp-]-Xp-i-X-am-\w sh-≈-amWv. J-c˛Zm-h-I˛hm-X-Im-h-ÿ-Ifn¬ P-ew k-ar-≤-am-bp-≠n-hnsS. Cuaq-∂v A-h-ÿ-I-fn-epw G-sX-¶nepw K-lØn¬sh-≈w H-cp-an-®v ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p-s≠¶n¬ am-X-ta Po-h-kv-^p-c-W-Øn-\v km-[y-X-bp-≈q-sh-∂v K-th-jW-ßƒ sX-fn-bn-°p∂p.

`q-an-bn-te-°p ]-Xn-°p-∂ Aƒ-Sm-h-b-e‰v, ssa-tIm-thhv, C≥-^m-sd-Uv In-c-Wß-sf P-ew \-∂m-bn B-Knc-Ww sN-øp-∂p≠v. ssl-U-P≥˛Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ t_m-≠v kv-]-µn-®m-Wv C-Xp km-[y-am-°p-∂Xv. \men¬ aq-∂p-`m-Khpw ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂k-ap-ZP-ew Cu am-c-I-In-c-Wß-sf kz-bw s\-©n-te-‰n ssP-h-tem-I-Øn-s‚ \n-e-\n¬-∏v D-d-∏p-

h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p ]n-∂nepw ssZ-hn-I-I-c-ßƒ- Im-Wmw.

_p-[-\nepw ip-I-\nepw sNm-∆-bn-epw hym-g-Ønepw i-\n-bn-ep-sa√mw P-e-_m-jv-]-Øn-\p≈km[y-X X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-s√-¶nepw Zm-h-I-cq-]Øn¬ A-hn-sS P-ew \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂n√. sNm-∆-bnepw i-\n-bp-sS Nn-e D-]-K-l-ß-fnepw N-µ-\n-ep-sa√mw ln-a-]m-fn-Iƒ I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepwA-h-sbm∂pw ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-Øn-se "ti-jvT-kzcq-]\pw ]q¿-W-kzcq-]-\p-w mh-\m-k-º-∂\pw]-Xn-`m-[\\pamb' a-\p-jy-\v H´pw \n-hm-k-tbm-Ky-a√-X-s∂.

ssP-h-tem-I-sØ A-\ymZr-i hn-kv-a-b-am-Wv a-\p-jy≥.A-h-t\mfw _u-≤n-I-ambpw ss[-j-Wn-I-ambpw h-f¿-∂ a-s‰m-cp kr-„-n-sbbpw k¶-ev]n-°m-\m-hn-√. "B-Z-an-s‚ a°-sf \mw B-Z-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p'F-∂ Izp¿B≥ hN\w tN¿-Øp-hm-bn-°p-tºmƒ Im-cy-ßƒ-°v IqSpX¬ hy-‡-X e-`n-°p-∂p. Izp¿B-s‚ m-j I-S-sa-Sp-Øp ]-d-™m¬, a-\p-jy-kw-kv-Ir-Xn-bp-sS "I-fn-sØm-ń-'em-hm≥,Ah-s\ \n-e-\n¿-Øm\pw h-f¿-Øm-\p-ap≈ `-£-W-sam-cp-°m≥, Ah-\p sh-≈hpw ]m-W-hm-bphpw]-I¿-∂p-\¬-Im≥, Ah-\p X-e-Nm-bv-°m-\p≈ "sa-Ø'sbm-cp-°m≥ `q-an-b√m-sX a-s‰m-cp hm-k-ÿ-ehpw Bcpw I-s≠-Øn-bn-ń√.

]¿-h-X-ß-fp-sS ]k-‡na-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw `q-apJ-Øv km-[y-am-°p-∂ a-

s‰m-cp \n¿-Wm-b-I L-S-I-am-Wv Hu-∂-Xy-tØm-sSin-c- p-b¿-Øn \n¬-°p-∂ ]¿-h-Xßƒ. a-g-sbbpwIm-‰n-s\bpw Im-em-h-ÿ-sbbpw kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p ]p-dsa, ù-a-kp-ÿn-c-X-bnepw a-\p-jy-kw-kv-Ir-Xn-bnepw B-gØn¬ th-cq∂n-b ]-Xn-`m-k-am-W-Xv.

F≥-ssk-t¢m-]oUn-b _n-´-m-\n-°-bnepw A-ta-cn-°m-\-bnepw \¬In-b \n¿-h-N-\-]-Imcw, ""ù-tam-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v i-t≤-bam-b D-∂-Xn-bn-te-°v h-f¿-∂p-\n-¬-°p-∂ ù-a-I-Ãv'' B-Wv ]¿-h-Xßƒ. D-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v 300 ao-‰dn¬ Iq-SpX¬ A-¥-co-£Øn¬ D-b¿-∂p-\n¬-°p-∂ ù-a-`m-K-am-Wv ]¿-h-X-ß-sf-¶n¬, a-‰p Nn-e¿-°v 600ao-‰dn¬ Iq-Sp-X-em-bm-te A-h ]¿-h-X-ß-fmhq;A-Xn\p Xm-sg-bp-≈-sXm-s° Ip-∂p-I-fpw. G-Xp

_p-[-\nepw ip-I-\nepw sNm-∆-bn-epw hym-g-Ønepw i-\n-bn-ep-sa√mw P-e-_m-jv-]-Øn-\p≈ km[y-X X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-s√-¶nepw Zm-h-I-cq-]Øn¬A-hn-sS P-ew \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂n√. sNm-∆-bnepw i-\n-bp-sS Nn-e D-]-K-l-ß-fnepw N-µ-\n-ep-sa√mw ln-a-]m-fn-Iƒ I-s≠-Øn-bn- p-s≠-¶nepw A-h-sbm∂pwssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-Øn-se "ti-jvT-kzcq-]\pw ]q¿-W-kzcq-]-\p-w mh-\m-k-º-∂\pw ]-Xn-`m-[\\pamb' a-\p-jy-\v H´pw \n-hm-k-tbm-Ky-a√-X-s∂.

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\n¿-h-N-\-Ønepw ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-sS q-an-bpsS A-I-°-mºn-te-°p-≈ h-f¿®-sb-°p-dn -®v th≠X[mcW Im-Wp-∂n√.

"a-lm-hr-Øm¥w' F-∂p t]-cp \¬In-b (kqd-Øp∂-_Av) A-[ym-bØn¬ Izp¿-B≥ tNm-Zn-°p∂p: ""[-c-Wn-sb \mw H-cp i-øbpw ]¿-h-Xß-sf \mw X-d-∏n-®p-\n¿-Øp-∂-hbpw B-°n-bn-t√?''(6˛7)

h-kv-Xp°-sf X-d-∏n-®p-\n¿-Øp-∂ "B-Wn',"B∏v' t]m-ep-≈-h-bv -°v ]p-d-ta-bv -°p-≈ ]-ew_X(projection)tb°mƒ A-I-tØm-´p-≈ \n-th-i-Øn-\m-bn-cn°pw h-en-∏-°q-SpX¬.

hn-⁄m-\-tIm-i-ß-fn-se \n¿-h-N-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p hy-Xy-kv-X-ambn, B-[p\n-I `q-hn-⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ ]pXn-b \n¿-h-N-\-am-Wv ]¿-h-X-ßƒ-°p \¬-Ip-∂Xv: ""]¿-h-X-ßƒ-°v hf-sc B-g-Øn-ep-≈ i-‡am-b th-cp-I-fp≠v˛`q-an-bp-sS en-tXm-kv-^n-b-dn-te-°v F-Øn-\n¬-°p-∂ th-cpIƒ. en-tXm-kv-^n-b-dn-Iv tπ-‰pI-sf \n-b-¥n-°p-∂Xpw `q-an D-e-™p-t]mI-sX Im-Øp-kq-£n-°p-∂Xpw ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-sS ]p-d-ta-bv-°p Zr-iy-a√m-Ø q-an-bv-°-Sn-bn-te-°p≈ h-f¿-®-I-fm-Wv''.

k-ap-ZØn¬ ln-a-]m-fn-Iƒ s]m-ßn-\n¬-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-sS In-S∏v. ln-a-]¿-h-X-ß-fp-sS ]-Øp ap-X¬ ]-Xn\-©p hsc a-Sßpwsh-≈-Øn-\-Sn-bn-cn-°p-a-s√m. ]m-d-I-fp-sS km-µ-X-b-\p-k-cn-®v ]¿-h-X-ßfpw u-am-¥¿-`m-K-tØ-°v]p-d-ta-°p-≈-Xn-t\°mƒ A-t\-Iw a-S-ßv Xm-gv-∂p-

In-S-°p-∂p (NnXw Im-WpI).]¿-h-Xß-sf "Hu-ØmZv' F∂p Jp¿-B≥ D-]-

an®Xv F-X-amXw I-Wn-ihpw h-kv-Xp-Xm-]-c-hp-am-sW-∂v \-ap-°n-∂p t_m-[y-a-m-hp∂p.

`q-anbn¬ h≥-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ ]-Xn-°p-tºmƒ ]-Iº-\w sIm-≈m-Xn-cn°m≥ k-lm-b-I-am-Ip∂-Xv`u-am-¥¿-`m-K-tØ-°p-≈ ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-sS hn-X-c-Ww-Xs∂. N-µ\n¬ B-gØn¬ th-cp-∂n-bp-≈]¿-h-X-ß-fp-sS A-km-∂n-[y-am-Wv A-hn-sS h√m-Ø co-Xnbn¬ ]-Iº-\w \-S-°p-∂-X-sX.

]-I-º-\w-sIm-≈p-∂ `q-an H-cn-°-epw kp-J-I-cam-b \n-hm-k-Øn-\v A-\p-tbm-Py-am-hn√. q-an-sba-‰p K-l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p hy-Xy-kv-X-am-°p∂-Xv \-Ω-f-dn-bp-∂Xpw A-dn-bm-Ø-Xpam-b H-t´-sd- k-hntij kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw ^-e-amWv.

""`q-an A-h-sc-bpw-sIm-≠v DebmXn-cn-°m-\m-bnAXn¬ \mw D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂ ]¿X-ßƒ kr-„n-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p∂p. A-h¿ k-c-WnIƒ I-s≠-Øm-\m-bn A-hbn¬ hn-im-eam-b ho-YnIƒH-cp-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p'' (21:31).

""`q-an \n-ß-sf-bpw-sIm-≠v Debm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-bn AXn¬ A-h≥ D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂ ]¿-hX-ßƒÿm-]n-°p-Ibpw ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂ P-¥p-Pm-eß-sf A-h≥ AXn¬ hn-Xc-Ww sN-øp-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p∂p. B-Im-i-Øp-\n-∂p \mw sh-≈w sNm-cn-bp-Ibpw A-Xph-gn hn-in-„am-b k-ky-bp-‹ß-sf D-Xv-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp'' (31:10) #


ssiJv A_vZp¿dlvam≥A_vZp¬Jm-enJv

? a-kv-Xn-jv-I a-c-Ww F-∂ ssh-Zy-im-kv-X kw-_-‘-am-b H-cp Ah-ÿ-bp-≠v. A-Xm-b-Xv a-\p-jy-s‚ X-e-t®m-¿ H-gn-sI a-s‰-√m A-h-b-h-ß-fpw ]-h-¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂A-h-ÿ. A-t∏m-ƒ a-kv-Xn-jv-I-a-c-Ww b-Ym-¿-Y a-c-W-am-bn I-W-°m-°m-tam? a-kv-Xn-jv-I a-c-Ww kw-`hn-® B-fn-¬\n-∂v D-]-I-c-W-ß-ƒ am-‰n-sh-°m-≥ tUm-Iv-S-¿-am-¿ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ A-Xn-s‚ hn-[n-sb-¥v?$ X-e-t®m-dn-s‚ Im-fiw a-cn-

°p-I-bpw a-‰p A-h-b-h-ß-sf-√mw b-¥-ß-fp-sS k-lm-b-tØm-sS ]-h-¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ a-\p-jy-≥ b-Ym-¿-Y-Øn-¬ a-cn-®p-I-gn-™p. F-∂m-¬ a-c-Ww H-∂n-e-[n-Iw tUm-Iv-S-¿-am-¿ ÿn-co-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. _n-´-\n-¬ Cu tcm-Kn a-kv-Xn-jv-I-]-c-am-bn a-c-W-s∏-´p-sh-∂vB-dv tUm-Iv-S-¿-am-¿ k-¿-ń-ss^ sN-ø-Ww. X-e-t®m-¿ ]q-¿-W-am-bpw ]h-¿-Ø-\-c-ln-X-am-sb-∂pw A-Xn-¬ bm-sXm-cp ]-Xn-I-c-W-hpw \-S-°p∂n-s√-∂pw ÿn-co-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw b-¥-ß-ƒ am-‰n-sh-°-s∏-´m-¬ F-√mw \n-›-e-am-Ip-sa-∂p D-d-∏m-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm-¬ A-t∏m-ƒ b-¥-ß-ƒ am-‰n-sh-°mw. ]-t£, H-∂n-e-[n-Iw tUm-Iv-S-¿-am-¿ A-Xv km-£y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.C-ß-s\ sN-øp-∂-Xv H-cp h-gn-b-S-°m-≥ th-≠n-bm-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-h-b-h

^Xmhm

B[p-\nI]iv\-ß-fn¬ ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS ho£-W-ßƒB\p-Im-enI apkvenw ]X ˛ am-kn-I-I-fn¬ hyXykvX hnj-b-ßsf kv]¿in-°p∂tNmZy-ßƒ°p≈ DØ-c-ß-fmbpw ]iv\-ß-fn-ep≈ hn[n-I-fmbpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ho£-W-ß-fn¬ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ NneXv ChnsS FSp-Øp-≤-cn-°p-∂p. ChAØu-lo-Zns‚ ^Xvh-I-f√.

hn-ev-]-\ C-∂v F-√m \m-ń-epw hym-]-I-am-Wv. H-cptUm-Iv-S-dp-sS am-Xw Xo-cp-am-\w a-Xn-bm-hp-I-bn-√. A-Xn-\m-¬ C-Ø-cw k-µ-¿-`-ß-fn-¬ H-∂n-e-[n-Iw tUm-Iv-S-¿-am-¿ km-£y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

Itø-dnb `qan-bn¬ \n¿an®sIń-S-ß-fpsS hmSItUm. A_vZp¿dlvam≥ Da-dp-∂-ôk

? H-cp a-\p-jy-≥ F-s‚ `q-an I-tø-dn. A-Xn-¬Ip-td sI-ń-S-ß-ƒ \n-¿-an-®v hm-S-I-°p sIm-Sp-Øp.Ip-td h-¿-j-ß-ƒ A-Xn-s‚ hm-S-I hm-ßn D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]n-s∂ Rm-≥ I-tø-‰-°m-c-\n-¬\n-∂v q-an Xn-cn-®p ]n-Sn-®p. A-h-≥ hm-ßn-bn-cp-∂ hm-S-I F-\n-°v \-ev-Im-≥ B-h-iy-s∏-´p. A-h-≥ A-Xn-\v Iq-´m-°n-bn-√. Xm-≥ \n-¿-an-® sI-ń-S-ß-fp-sS hm-S-I-bm-W-sX-∂m-Wv hm-Zw. C-Xn-s‚C-kv-em-an-I hn-[n-sb-¥v?$ -H-∂m-a-Xm-bn I-tø-‰w l-dm-am-Wv. \n-b-am-

\p-kr-X-am-b Im-c-Wn-√m-sX a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS [-\-Øn-t∑-ep-≈ I-S-∂p-I-b-‰-am-W-Xv. Izp-¿-B-\pw kp-∂-Øpw C-Pv-am-Dw, bp-‡n-bpw A-Xv \n-tcm-[n-°p-∂p.A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p: ""A-\ym-b-am-bn \n-ß-ƒ A-t\ym-\yw kz-Øp-°-ƒ Xn-∂-cp-Xv. A-dn-™p-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ B-fp-I-fp-sS kz-Øp-°-fn-¬ \n-∂v \n-ß-ƒ h-√-Xpw A-[m-¿-an-I-am-bn t\-Sn-sb-Sp-Øp Xn-∂m-≥ th-≠n \n-ß-ƒ A-Xp-am-bn hn-[n-I-¿-Øm-°-sf k-ao-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-ø-cp-Xv'' (2:188). d-kq-¬(k) ]-d-bp-∂p: H-cp Nm-¨ `q-an A-I-a-]-c-am-bn B-sc-¶n-epw ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Øm-¬ A-¥y-\m-fn-¬F-gp-]-Xv q-an-I-ƒ sIm-≠v A-h-s‚ I-gp-Øn-¬ am-e-bn-Spw'' (ap-kv-enw). ""H-cp ap-kv-en-an-\v a-\:-kw-Xr-]v-Xn-tbm-Sv \-ev-Ip-∂ [-\-a-√m-sX A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√.'' ""\n-ß-fp-sS c-‡-hpw [-\-hpw Cu Zn-h-k-Øn-s‚, am-k-Øn-s‚, \m-Sn-s‚ ]-hn-X-X-t]m-se \n-ß-ƒ-°v ]-hn-X-am-Wv.''

akvXnjvI acWw kw`-hn-®m¬


I-tø-‰w l-dm-am-sW-∂ hn-j-b-Øn-¬ ap-≥-Km-an-I-fpw ]n-≥-Km-an-I-fp-am-b F-√m ]-fin-X-∑m-cpwG-Im-`n-]m-b-°m-cm-Wv. D-S-a-bv-°v am-Xw A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv A-bm-fp-sS kz-Øv F-∂-Xv _p-≤nAw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂ H-cp \ym-b-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-XvA-bm-fp-sS A-[zm-\-Øn-s‚ ^-e-am-Wv. A-Xn-s‚t\-sc B-sc-¶n-epw A-Xn-I-aw Im-Wn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ A-Xv A-bm-ƒ-°v A-¿-l-X-bn-√m-Ø I-tø-‰-am-Wv. A-t∏m-ƒ B kz-Øv D-S-a-°v Xn-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-≥ A-bm-sf \n-¿-_-‘n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Cu hn-j-b-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ c-≠p Im-cy-ß-fp-≠v. H-∂v I-tø-‰w \-S-Øn-b-h-\p-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-Xv. c-≠m-a-tØ-Xv I-tø-‰ kz-Øp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´-Xv. I-tø-‰w \-S-Øn-b-h-≥ A-√m-lp l-dm-am-°n-b H-cp Ip-‰-am-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. l-dmw Xn-∂p-∂-XvF-s∂-t∂-°p-am-bn A-√m-lp A-h-s‚ A-Sn-a-I-ƒ-°v \n-tcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. A-Xv Xn-∂p-∂-h-¿-°v in-£-bp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂v Xm-°o-Xv \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. d-kq-¬(k) ]-d-™p: "l-dm-an-¬ \n-∂pap-f-® G-Xv amw-k-Øn-\pw A-·n-bm-Wv A-¿-l-am-b-Xv'˛-lm-Inw.

C-\n I-tø-dn-b kz-Øp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ ]-iv-\w. A-Xv kw-_-‘n-® hn-[n A-Sn-ÿm-\ kz-Øn-\pw _m-[-I-am-Wv. A-t∏m-ƒ H-cp `q-an I-tø-dn ]n-Sn-®-S-°n-bm-¬ A-Xn-se a-c-ß-ƒ I-√v, sN-Sn, ]-gw Xp-S-ßn-b F-√mw X-s∂ B `q-an-bp-sS b-Ym-¿-Y D-S-a-bv-°v A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. H-cp hm-l-\wI-h-¿-® sN-bv-Xv Iq-en-°v sIm-Sp-Øm-¬ B hm-l-\-hpw A-Xn-¬ \n-∂v D-S-se-Sp-Ø-Xp-sa-√mw D-S-a-bv-°p A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-¬ \n-∂v F-s¥-¶n-epw \-jv-S-s∏-ń-´p-s≠-¶n-¬ D-S-a-°v \n-I-Øn-s°m-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. H-cp ho-Sm-Wv ]n-Sn-®-S-°n-bn-´p-≈-sX-¶n-¬ B ho-Spw A-Xn-s‚ hm-S-I-bp-sa-√mw D-S-a-bv-°v A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

C-X-\p-k-cn-®v `q-an I-tø-dn-b B-ƒ `q-an-tbm-sSm-∏w A-Xn-se hm-S-I-bpw Xn-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-Ww.Xm-≥ \n-¿-an-®-Xm-Wv sI-ń-S-ß-ƒ F-∂ hm-Z-Øn-\v \ym-b-an-√. Im-c-Ww A-Xv I-tø-‰-Øn-s‚ H-cp`m-K-am-Wv. A-Xv A-I-an-bp-sS hn-b-¿-∏m-Wv. A-I-an-bp-sS hn-b-¿-∏n-\v H-cp A-h-Im-i-hp-an-√. ]n-Sn-®-S-°n-b kz-Øv Xn-cn-®p-In-´m-≥ kz-Øn-s‚ D-S-a-bv-°v -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bp-sS ap-ºn-¬ ]-cm-Xn-sIm-Sp-°m-≥ A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v.

Cu ssI°qen ldmw BtWm?ssiJv A_vZp¬løv bqkp^v

? \n-b-am-\p-kr-X am-¿-K-Øn-eq-sS \mw ]p-d-Øp-\n-∂v N-c-°p-I-ƒ sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p. F-∂m-¬ I-Ãw-kv D-tZym-K-ÿ-¿ kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂ X-S- -ß-fp-am-bn\mw G-‰p-ap-´p-∂p. Xp-d-ap-J-Øp-\n-∂v N-c-°p-I-ƒ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p h-cp-∂-Xn-\v A-h-¿ ssI-°q-enB-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. \mw sIm-Sp-°m-≥ hn-k-Ω-Xn-®m-¬ A-h-¿ N-c-°v X-S-™p-sh-°pw. A-s√-¶n-

¬ \-Ω-ƒ in-£-t°m N-c-°n-s‚ hn-e-tb-°m-ƒIq-Sp-X-¬ kw-Jy ]n-g-b-S-bv-°m-t\m _m-[y-ÿ-cm-Ipw. C-Xv Im-c-Ww am-¿-°-‰n-¬ h-en-b a-’-c-sØt\-cn-´v I-®-h-Sw \-S-Øm-≥ \-ap-°v I-gn-bm-sX h-cpw. Cu tIm-g-bn-¬ \n-∂v N-c-°n-s\ tam-Nn-∏n-°m-≥ F-¥m-Wv h-gn?$ B-Zyw A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b am-¿-K-sØ-∏-‰n-bm-

Wv A-t\z-jn-t°-≠-Xv. A-Xv e-`n-°m-sX h-cn-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ C-ß-s\ tIm-g sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\v hn-tcm-[-an-√. Im-c-Ww A-\n-hm-cy-X-I-ƒ \n-tcm-[-\-ß-sf A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-ß-fm-°pw. F-∂m-¬ Xm-¶-ƒsIm-Sp-°p-∂ Cu tIm-g hm-ßp-∂ D-tZym-K-ÿ-s\ kw-_-‘n-t®-S-tØm-fw A-bm-ƒ l-dm-am-b [-\-am-Wv hm-ßp-∂-Xv.

C-∏-d-™-Xv \n-s‚ ]-hr-Øn C-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ h-en-b H-cp Xn-∑-°v h-gn-sh-°m-Ø k-µ-¿-`-Øn-em-Wv. A-ß-s\ kw-`-hn-°p-sa-¶n-¬ Xm-¶-ƒ tIm-gsIm-Sp-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-√. Cu tPm-en D-t]-£n-®p Iq-Sp-X-¬ hn-in-jv-S-am-b a-s‰-s¥-¶n-epw tPm-en I-s≠-Øm-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-¶n-¬ A-Xm-Wv Iq-Sp-X-¬ ti-jv-T-hpw kp-c-£n-X-hpw.

CXv kzZIz Pmcn-b-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sptam?tUm. A_vZp¬A-kokv C_v\p-_mkv

? C-kv-em-an-I K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ A-®-Sn-®v hn-X-c-WwsN-øp-∂-Xv k-Z-Iz Pm-cn-b-bn-¬ D-ƒ-s∏-Sp-tam?$ \n-c-¥-c-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kw km-[y-am-Ip-∂ k-

Z-Iz-bm-Wv k-Z-Iz Pm-cn-ø. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv Pm-cn-bv A-Y-hm \n-e-°m-Ø-Xv F-∂ t]-cv h-∂-Xv.Pm-cn-ø A-√m-Ø k-Z-Iz A-Xn-s‚ k-a-b-Øv am-Xw a-\p-jy-\v D-]-tbm-Kw km-[y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn Xm-¶-ƒ H-cm-ƒ-°v B-bn-cw dn-bm-¬ k-Z-Iz \-ev-In-sb-∂p sh-°p-I. H-t∂m c-t≠mam-kw sN-e-h-gn-®v B kw-Jy Xo-cp-∂p. A-tXA-h-k-cw Xm-¶-ƒ H-cp sI-ń-S-tam ho-tSm ]o-Sn-I-tbm A-Xn-s‚ h-cp-am-\w km-[p-°-ƒ-°v D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-\m-bn h-Izv-^v B-°n-sb-∂v sh-°p-I. A-t∏m-ƒ Cu h-cp-am-\w D-t≈-S-Øpw Im-ew B k-Z-Iz \n-e-\n-ev-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]p-kv-X-I-ß-ƒ A-®-Sn-°p-∂-Xpw D-]-Im-c-ap-≈ h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sa-√mw Pm-cn-ø k-Z-Iz-bm-Wv. P-\-ß-ƒ-°v A-Xn-s‚ ]-tbm-P-\w e-`n-°p-∂ Im-e-tØm-fw A-Xn-s‚ ]-Xn-^-e-hpw e-`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Nn-e-t∏m-ƒ ]p-kv-X-I-ß-ƒ \-in-®p-sh-∂p h-cmw. A-h a-‰p ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn-te-°pw A-h-bn-¬ \n-∂v th-sd ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn-te-°pw ]-I-¿-Øn-b-Xv F-∂pw \n-e-\n-ev-°pw. F-∂m-¬ A-®-Sn-t°-≠ ]p-kv-X-I-ß-ƒ ]-fin-X-∑m-tcm-Sv tNm-Zn-®m-bn-cn-°-Ww sX-c-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xv.

t_mIvknwKpw a¬∏n-Sp-Øhpw Icm-s´bpwssiJv A_vZp¿dlvam≥ A_vZp¬Jm-enJv

? t_m-Iv-knw-K,v a-¬-]n-Sp-Øw, I-cm-s´ F-∂oIm-bn-I hn-t\m-Z-ß-fp-sS C-kv-em-an-I hn-[n-sb-¥v?


$ B-tbm-[-\ ]-Xn-tcm-[ I-e-I-ƒ A-`y-kn-°-¬ a-X-]-c-am-b Im-cy-am-Wv. kz--lm-_n-I-ƒ \-_n-bp-sS k-∂n-[n-bn-¬ sh-®v a-¬-]n-Sp-Øw \-S-Øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m-¬ D-]-Z-hw D-ƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ H-cp I-fn-bpw ]m-Sn-√. Im-c-Ww X-s‚ CuI-ev-]-\ A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂ A-f-hn-¬ C-Ø-cw I-c-fn-I-ƒ ]-Tn-°mw. F-∂m-¬ t_m-Iv-knw-Kn-¬ ap-J-Ø-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-s\ ap-kv-enw kq-£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Im-c-Ww d-kq-¬(k) bp-≤m-h-k-c-Øn-¬ t]m-epw ap-J-Ø-Sn-°p-∂-Xv D-t]-£n-°m-≥ I-ev-]n-®n-´p-≠v. Xn-cp-ta-\n ]-d-™p: ""\n-ß-fn-¬ H-cm-ƒ A-Sn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ ap-Jw kq-£n-°p-I.'' H-cp kz-lm-_n a-I-s\ ap-J-Ø-Sn-°p-∂-Xv I-≠-t∏m-ƒ A-hn-Sp-∂p]-d-™p: ""Xm-¶-ƒ A-h-s‚ ap-J-Ø-Sn-°-cp-Xv. Im-c-Ww A-√m-lp B-Z-an-s\ A-h-s‚ cq-]-Øn-em-Wvkr-jv-Sn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.'' Im-c-Ww ap-Jw B-Z-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. Cu B-Z-cw ap-kv-en-an-\pw A-ap-kv-en-an-\p-ap-≠v. Im-c-Ww "B-Z-an-s\ d-lv-am-s‚ cq-]-Øn-em-Wv A-√m-lp kr-jv-Sn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.' F-∂v \-_n ]-d-bp-∂p. t_m-Iv-knw-Kn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\w ap-J-Ø-Sn-°-em-Wv. C-Xv C-kv-em-an-I hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. t_m-Iv-knw-Kv i-‡n-bp-sS am-¿-K-am-sW-¶n-epw ap-kv-enwH-gn-hm-t°-≠ i-‡n-bp-sS am-¿-K-am-Wv.

Ipg¬ inip-hn-\p-th≠n tUmIvS-dpsSapºn¬ \·X shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø¬tUm. APo¬ \ivao

? Ip-g-¬ in-ip-hn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ i-kv-X-In-b\-S-Øm-\m-bn H-cp ]p-cp-j-tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS ap-ºn-¬kv-Xo-°v A-h-fp-sS \-Kv-\-X sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øm-tam?$ H-cp tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS ap-ºn-em-sW-¶n-¬ t]m-

epw kv-Xo \n-¿-_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-¬, A-s√-¶n-¬i-‡-am-b B-h-iy-ap-≈-t∏m-ƒ A-√m-sX A-h-fp-sS \-·-X sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ ]m-Sn-√. H-cp h-\n-Xmkv-s]-j-en-Ãv tUm-Iv-S-sd In-´p-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ ]n-s∂ A-hn-sS \n-¿-_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-√. h-\n-XmtUm-Iv-S-sd In-ń-bn-s√-¶n-¬ Nn-In-’ Ip-d-®p-Iq-Sn \o-ń-sh-°p-∂-Xn-\v hn-j-a-an-s√-¶n-¬ A-h-ƒ h-\n-Xm tUm-Iv-S-sd In-´pw-h-sc Im-Øn-cn-°-Ww. F-∂n-´pw ]p-cp-j-tUm-Iv-S-sd am-X-am-Wv In-ń-b-sX-¶n-¬, A-s√-¶n-¬ In-ń-b h-\n-Xm tUm-Iv-S-¿ hn-Z-Kv-[-b-s√-¶n-¬ A-h-ƒ-°v A-h-fp-sS \-·-X ]p-cp-j tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS ap-ºn-¬ sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Im-c-Ww A-t∏m-ƒ A-h-ƒ \n-¿-_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-temA-s√-¶n-¬ i-‡-am-b B-h-iy-Øn-tem B-Wv. ]-cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xpw tcm-K-ap-≈-Xp-am-b ÿ-e-sam-gn-sI a-‰p i-co-c-`m-K-ß-sf-√mw A-h-ƒ a-d-bv-°-Ww. t\m-´w-sIm-≠v am-Xw tcm-Kw \n-¿-W-bn-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-t∂-S-Øv kv-]-¿-i-\w \-S-Øm-≥ ]m-Sn-√.\n-¿-_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-¬ H-gn-sI. "Im-W-¬ A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-sX-√mw kv-]-¿-in-°-epw A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv' F-∂ \n-b-aw C-hn-sS _m-[-I-a-√. Im-c-Ww C-sXm-cp \n-¿-_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bm-Wv. Ip-g-¬

in-ip-hn-s‚ B-h-iym-¿-Yw \-·-X sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ hn-j-b-Øn-epw Cu \n-b-aw ]-tbm-K-h-ev-°-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

hnZym¿Yn-\n°v alvdw C√msXXoh-≠n-bn¬ bmX sNømtam?ssiJv Jmen-Zp_v\p Aen apssi-Jn^v

? Rm-≥ Z-am-an-¬ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂ H-cp bp-h-Xn-bm-Wv. A-¬ A-lv-km-bn-se ss^-k-¬ bq-\n-th-gv-kn-‰n tlm-Ã-en-¬ \-√ kp-c-£n-X-Xz-hpw [m-cm-fw \-∑-I-fp-ap-≠v. ]-t£, hn-Zym-¿-Y-\n-I-sf-√mwhm-cm-¥y-Øn-¬ Xo-h-≠n-bn-¬ a-lv-d-an-√m-sX Z-am-an-te-°v t]m-Ip-∂p. F-\n-°v H-‰-°v tlm-Ã-en-¬Xm-a-kn-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-∂n-√. F-s∂ Z-a-am-an-te-°vsIm-≠p-t]m-Im-≥ _-‘p-°-fp-an-√. Rm-≥ tlm-Ã-en-¬ H-‰-°v Xm-a-kn-°p-I-bm-tWm th-≠-Xv. A-tXm, F-√m B-gv-N-bpw a-lv-dw C-√m-sX Xo-h-≠n-bn-¬ Z-am-an-te-°v t]m-hp-I-tbm?$ a-lv-dw C-√m-sX kv-Xo-°v bm-X sN-øm-≥

]m-Sn-√. Im-c-Ww d-kq-¬ ]-d-bp-∂p: ""H-cp kv-Xo-bpw a-lv-d-an-s‚ Iq-sS-b-√m-sX H-cp bm-X sN-ø-cp-Xv'' F-∂m-¬ a-lv-d-an-√m-sX bm-X sN-øm-t\mH-‰-°v tlm-Ã-en-¬ Xm-a-kn-°m-t\m c-≠n-\pw I-gn-bm-Ø ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn-¬ A-h-ƒ D-Zv-dv (H-gn-I-gn-hv) D-≈-h-fm-Wv. A-h-ƒ-°v \n-¿-_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-¬ H-‰-°v bm-X sN-ømw. Im-c-Ww "C-^v-In's‚kw-`-h-Øn-¬ B-C-i(d) k-^v-hm-s‚ Iq-sS bm-X sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. A-h-cp-sS k-l-bm-Xn-I-sc-√mwt]m-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p-h-t√m.

K¿`ÿ inip-hns‚ enwK ]cn-tim-[\ssiJv A_vZp¬dlvam≥ A_vZp¬Jm-enJv

? K-¿-`-ÿ in-ip B-tWm s]-tÆm F-∂p Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-≥ ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-Ø-¬ l-em-tem l-dm-tam?$ K-¿-`-Øn-ep-≈ in-ip B-tWm s]-tÆm F-

∂-dn-bm-≥ sa-Un-°-¬ ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-Øp-∂-XvA-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-Xv kr-jv-Sn-∏v ]q-¿-Øn-bm-b H-cp kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS Im-cy-am-Wv. F-∂m-¬ kr-jv-Sn-∏v \-S-°m-Ø H-cp ip-ip-hn-s\-∏-‰n P-\n-°m-≥ t]m-Ip-∂ Ip-ń B-tWm s]-tÆm F-∂vA-dn-bm-sa-∂ hm-Zw Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-h-X-√. Im-c-WwA-Xv Du-lw am-X-am-Wv. K-¿-`-hp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-Ím-cy-ß-ƒ-°v Np-a-X-e G-ev-]n-°-s∏-´ a-e-°n-\vP-\n-°m-≥ t]m-Ip-∂ Ip-ń B-tWm s]-tÆm F-∂-Xv A-√m-lp A-dn-bn-®p sIm-Sp-°p-tºm-ƒ am-X-ta A-dn-bp-I-bp-≈q. Im-c-Ww d-kq-¬ ]-d-bp-∂p: ""_o-P-Øn-\v 42 Zn-h-kw I-gn-™m-¬ A-√m-lp A-Xn-s‚ A-Sp-tØ-°v H-cp a-e-°n-s\ A-b-°p-∂p. a-e-°v A-Xn-\v cq-]w \-ev-Ip-I-bpw A-Xn-s‚ Im-Xpw I-Æpw sXm-en-bpw amw-k-hpw F-√mwkr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. ]n-s∂ a-e-°v tNm-Zn-°pw: "d-t∫, B-tWm s]-tÆm?' A-t∏m-ƒ A-


√m-lp A-h-≥ D-t±-in-®-Xv hn-[n-°p-I-bpw a-e-°vF-gp-Xn sh-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p.'' F-∂m-¬ C-Xn-\v ap-ºv B-tWm s]-tÆm F-∂-Xv kw-_-‘n-®A-dn-hv A-√m-lp-hn-\v am-X-am-Wv.

`mKy Iq∏¨tUm. APo¬ \ivao

? H-cp C-kv-em-an-I am-kn-I A-Xv hm-ßp-∂-h-¿-s°-√mw H-cp Iq-∏-¨ sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Cu Iq-∏-¨Xn-cn-®p-\-ev-In \-dp-s°-Sp-∏v \-S-Øn `m-Kyw Xp-W-bv-°p-∂-h-¿-°v H-cp k-Ωm-\w e-`n-°p-sa-∂p ]-Jym-]n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. \n-_-‘-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bCu C-S-]m-Sn-s‚ C-kv-em-an-I hn-[n-sb-¥v?$ Cu hn-j-b-Øn-¬ c-≠p Im-cy-ß-ƒ A-S-

ßn-bn-´p-≠v. am-kn-I hm-ßp-∂-Xv km-[p-hm-b, ]q-¿-W-am-b H-cp I-®-h-S-am-Wv. c-≠m-a-sØ kw-K-XnNn-e \n-_-‘-\-I-ƒ ]m-en-®v am-kn-I hm-ßp-∂-h-¿-°v I-®-h-S-°m-c-≥ H-cp k-Ωm-\w \-ev-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv. hm-ßp-∂-h-≥ H-dn-Pn-\-¬ Iq-∏-¨ A-b-®v sIm-Sp-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv k-Ωm-\ e-_v-[n-bp-sS \n-_-‘-\. C-Xv Cu C-S-]m-Sn-\v hn-cp-≤-am-b \n-_-‘-\-b-√. am-kn-I \-ev-Ip-∂ H-cp ss]-kn-s‚ hn-[n am-X-am-Wv C-Xn-\p-≈-Xv. am-kn-I \-S-Øn-∏p-Im-¿-°vC-Xn-s‚ ]n-∂n-¬ H-cp \-√ D-t±-iyw am-X-am-Wp-≈-Xv. k-Ωm-\w e-`n-°-W-sa-∂ e-£y-tØm-sS am-kn-I-bp-sS Iq-Sp-X-¬ F-Æw tIm-∏n-I-ƒ hm-ßm-≥ C-Xn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h-¿-°v ]m-Sn-√. A-t∏m-ƒA-Xv H-cp Nq-Xm-´-Øn-¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\v k-am-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

c≠mw hnhmlw ]mSn-s√∂ \n_-‘\tUm. APo¬ \ivao

? `-¿-Øm-hv a-s‰m-cp kv-Xo-sb Iq-Sn hn-hm-lwI-gn-°p-tam F-∂p `-b-s∏-Sp-∂ kv-Xo-°v Xm-≥ D-t±-in-°p-∂ k-a-b-Øv hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w \-S-Øp-sa-∂ \n-_-‘-\ hn-hm-l-k-a-b-Øv sh-°m-≥ ]m-Sp-t≠m? -¿-Øm-hv Cu \n-_-‘-\ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-≥ X-øm-dm-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬ hn-hm-lw km-[p-hm-Ip-tam?$ hn-hm-l-tam-N-\-Øn-\p-≈ A-[n-Im-cw X-s‚

ssI-bn-ep-≠m-Ip-sa-∂ \n-_-‘-\ kv-Xo hn-hm-l-k-a-b-Øv sh-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n-¬, `-¿-Øm-hv A-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-≥ X-øm-dm-bm-¬ B hn-hm-lwkm-[p-hm-Ipw.

Aapkvenw cmPysØ PpapAtUm. APo¬ \ivao

? H-cp ]m-›m-Xy-\m-´n-¬ Pp-ap-A \-a-kv-I-cn-°m-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø ap-kv-en-an-s‚ A-h-ÿ-sb-¥m-Wv?D-tZym-K-ÿ-¿ Pp-ap-A-° A-\p-a-Xn \-ev-Ip-∂n-√.$ H-cp A-ap-kv-enw \m-´n-¬, am-en-In a-Zv-l-_-

\p-k-cn-®v \m-ev-]-Xv t]-sc-¶n-epw Iq-sS-bp-≠m-hp-

I-bpw A-h-¿-°v H-cp ]-≈n-bp-≠m-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm-¬ Pp-ap-A \n-¿-_-‘-am-Wv. Pp-ap-A \-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v A-\p-a-Xn \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-´m-¬ Zp-lv-dv Pp-am-A-Øm-bn \-a-kv-I-cn-°-Ww. A-Xn-\pw A-\p-a-Xn-bn-s√-¶n-¬ Zp-lv-dv H-‰-°v \-a-kv-I-cn-°-Ww.

At_m¿j-\m-bm¬ssiJv A_vZp¿dlvam≥ A_vZp¬ JmenJv

? H-cp kv-Xo-°v c-≠p-am-kw K-¿-`-ap-≈-t∏m-ƒA-t_m-¿-j-\m-bn. C-\n A-h-ƒ F-X Zn-h-kw \-a-kv-Im-cw D-t]-£n-°-Ww. \m-ev-]-Xv Zn-h-kw I-gn-™n-´pw c-‡w t]m-Ip-∂p-s≠-¶n-¬ \n-b-a-sa-¥v?$ A-t_m-¿-j-\m-bm-¬ ]-k-h-Øn-s‚ \n-b-

aw X-s∂-bm-sW-∂m-Wv ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS A-`n-]m-bw. kv-Xo-I-ƒ \m-ev-]-Xv Zn-h-kw \-a-kv-Im-cw D-t]-£n-°-Ww. Xp-S-¿-∂pw c-‡w I-≠m-¬ c-‡-km-h-Øn-s‚ hn-[n-bm-Wv A-Xn-\v _m-[-I-am-hp-I. Ip-fn-®p \-a-kv-I-cn-°-Ww.

\ne® B¿Øhw ]ns∂bpw XpS¿∂m¬? B-¿-Ø-hw \n-e-bv-°p-∂p; H-t∂m c-t≠m Zn-

h-k-Øn-\v ti-jw ]n-s∂-bpw Xp-S-cp-∂p. Rm-≥K-¿-`-\n-tcm-[-\ am-¿-K-ß-ƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.F-ß-s\ \-a-kv-I-cn-°-Ww.$ K-¿-`-\n-tcm-[-\ am-¿-K-ß-ƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-

∂-Xp-aq-ew am-k-ap-d sX-‰n- Nn-e Zn-h-k-ß-fn-¬ c-‡w t]m-hp-I-bpw Xp-S-¿-∂p Ip-d-®p Zn-h-k-ß-ƒc-‡w \n-e-bv-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ A-h-ÿ-bp-≠m-bm-¬ c-‡w \n-e-bv-°p-∂ Zn-h-k-ß-fn-¬ Ip-fn-®p\-a-kv-I-cn-°-Ww.

am-\y-hm-b-°m-tcm-Sv

A-Øu-lo-Zn-¬ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ te-J-\-ß-fn-epw ^-Xv-hm-I-fn-ep-ap-≈ B-i-b-ß-ƒA-h-bp-sS I-¿-Øm-°-fm-b ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-tS-Xv am-X-am-Wv.-A-Y-hm, am-kn-I-t°m A-Xn-t\m-Sv B-`n-ap-Jyw ]p-e-¿-Øp-∂ ]-ÿm-\-Øn-t\mA-h-tbm-Sv Hu-tZym-Kn-I _-‘-an-√. hy-Xy-kv-X hn-⁄m-\-ß-fpw ho-£-W-ß-fpw am-\y-hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS ]-_p-≤-am-b Nn-¥m-a-fi-e-ß-fn-te-°v F-Øn-°p-∂ Zu-Xyw am-X-am-Wv am-kn-I \n-¿-h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. A-h-¿ X-ß-fp-sS hn-th-N-\-i-‡n D-]-tbm-Kn-®v A-h-sb hn-e-bn-cp-Øm-≥ am-Xw D-Zv-_p-≤-cm-sW-∂v ]-Xw hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p. _-lp-am-\y-cm-b F-gp-Øp-Im-cp-sS-bpw hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS-bpw A-`n-]m-b-˛-Nn-¥mkzm-X-¥y-sØ am-\n-°p-∂ A-Øu-lo-Zv k-am-\-Nn-¥m-K-Xn-°m-cm-b ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS ho-£-W-hy-Xym-k-tØm-Sv k-ln-jv-Wp-X ]p-e-¿-Øp-∂p. Cu \-bw Xp-S-°w ap-X-¬-t° am-kn-I hy-‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.

]-Xm-[n-]-¿


imkvXw

AUz. F≥ Da¿tImb

ssZh-\maw P]n-°p∂ ]d-h-Iƒ

""hn-Æn-s‚ hn-cn-am-dn-¬ ]-d-°p-∂ ]-£n-I-sf I-≠n-´n-t√? ho-Wp-t]m-Im-sX A-h-sb B-Im-i-Øv ]n-Sn-®p-\n-dp-Øp-∂-Xv A-√m-lp-h-√m-sXB-cp-a-√'' (hn.Izp 16:76)

hn-jm-Z-hpw D-Xv-I-Wv-T-bp-an-√m-sX]m-dn-∏-d-°p-∂ ]-d-h-I-ƒ k-„m-hn-s‚ Io-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ ]m-Sn∏p-I-gv-Øn-s°m-≠v B-\-µ-tØm-sS D-√-kn-®vkw-Xr-]v-Xn-tbm-sS k-l-k-\m-gn-I-I-ƒ ]n-∂n-Sp-∂ Im-gv-N-I-ƒ \mw \n-tXy-\ \n-co-£n-®v sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. A-h-bp-sS B-lm-cw \n-t£-]n-

®v sh-® C-S-ß-fn-¬ sN-s∂-Øn a-Xn-h-cp-thm-fwB-l-cn-®mkz-Zn-®v ho-≠pw B-Im-i-Øn-te-°v D-b-c-Øn-¬ \n-∂v D-b-c-ß-fn-te-°v \m-Y-s\ kv-Xp-Xn-®p-sIm-≠pw hm-t\m-fw ]p-I-gv-Øn-s°m ≠pwk-©-cn-°p-∂ Im-gv-N \-Ωp-sS \-b-\-ß-sf-t∏m-epw]p-f-Iw sIm-≈n-°p-∂p.

A-√m-lp tNm-Zn-°p-∂p: ""\o Im-Wp-∂n-t√? B-Im-i-ßfn-epw q-an-bn-ep-ap-≈-h-cpw Nn-d-Iv hn-S-¿Øn]-d-°p-∂ ]-d-h-I-fpw \n-›-b-am-bpw A-√m-lp-hns\]p-I-gv-Øn hm-gv-Øp-∂-Xv. \n-›-b-am-bpw Hm-tcm-∂pwA-Xn-s‚ ]m-¿-Y-\-bpw Io-¿-Ø-\-hpw A-dn-™p-I-gn-™n-´p-≠v. A-h-¿ ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-∂-sX-√mw A-√m-lp A-dn-bp-∂-h-\-sX'' (hn.Izp 24:41)

""\o Im-Wp-∂n-t√? B-Im-i-ßfn-epw q-an-bn-ep-ap-≈-h-cpw Nn-d-Iv hn-S-¿Øn ]-d-°p-∂ ]-d-h-I-fpw \n-›-b-am-bpw A-√m-lp-hns\ ]p-I-gv-Ønhm-gv-Øp-∂-Xv. \n-›-b-am-bpw Hm-tcm-∂pw A-Xn-s‚ ]m-¿-Y-\-bpw Io-¿-Ø-\-hpw A-dn-™p-I-gn-™n-´p-≠v. A-h-¿ ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-∂-sX-√mw A-√m-lp A-dn-bp-∂-h-\-sX''


]-d-h-I-ƒ-°v A-√m-lp \-¬-In-b A-]m-c-am-b_p-≤n-i-‡n-bpw I-gn-hpw hn-kv-a-b-ß-fp-W-¿-Øp∂p. B-lm-cw ti-J-cn-°p-hm-\pw C-W-tN-cm-\pw-hw-i-h-¿-[-\-bv-°pw hn-Zq-c-Zn-°p-I-fn-te-°v hn-i-a-an-√m-sX ]-d-°p-I-bpw ]p-d-s∏-´ ÿ-e-ß-fn-¬ X-s∂ Xn-cn-s®-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ bm-Ym-¿-Yyw B-›-cy-I-cw X-s∂-bm-Wv. A-h-b-psS th-K-hpw Zq-chpw B-[p-\n-I d-Um-¿ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v im-kv-X-⁄∑m-¿ I-s≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Zq-c-bm-X-bn-¬A-h-bp-sS D-d-°-hpw B-lm-c-hpw th-K-X-bpw F-ß-s\ \n-¿-h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂p? I-c-bn-¬ N-en-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°m-ƒ h-f-sc Iq-Sp-X-¬ Du-¿-Pw sN-e-hm-Ip-I hm-bp-hn-¬ ]-d-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. A-t∏m-ƒ h-gn-bn ¬ \n-¬-°m-sX 4000tam 5000tam In.ao-‰-¿ ]-d-°p-∂Xn-\v kz-i-co-c-Øn-s‚ ]-e C-c-ń L-\w h-cp-∂ t]m-j-Ww ]-d-h-I-ƒ-°v F-ßn-s\ e- n-°p-∂p?

A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p: ""F-X-sb-X P-¥p-°-fp-≠v. A-h A-h-bp-sS A-∂-hpw Np-a-∂p \-S-°p-∂n-√. A-√m-lp-hm-Wv A-h-°v \-¬-Ip-∂-Xv. \n-ß-fp-sS A-∂-Zm-Xm-hv A-h-≥ X-s∂.'' (hn.Izp 29:60)

""\n-›-bw A-√m-lp X-s∂-bm-Wv A-∂-Zm-b-I-≥. A-P-ø-am-b ]-c-a-i-‡n-bp-S-b-h-≥'' (hn.Izp 51:58)

a-\p-jy-¿-°v Nn-¥n-°p-hm-\pw ]-Tn-°p-hm-\p-ap-≈ [m-cm-fw ]m-T-ß-ƒ D-ƒ-s°m-≈p-∂-h-bm-Wv ]-kv-Xp-X kq-‡-ß-ƒ. Im-em-h-ÿ hy-Xn-bm-\-ß-fn-epw sIm-Sp-¶m-‰n-s‚ C-c-º-en-epw B-bn-c-am-bn-cw In-tem-ao-‰-dp-I-ƒ k-©-cn-°p-I-bpw, h-≥ k-ap-Z-ß-ƒ-°v ap-I-fn-eq-sS ]-d-∂v e-£y-ÿm-\w I-s≠-Øp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv ssZ-hw \-¬-In-b A-]m-c-am-b I-gn-hp-I-sf-bm-Wv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]-e-t∏m-gpw Cu bm-X-I-fn-em-Wv hw-i-]-c-º-c-I-sf \n-e-\n-¿-Øp-∂-Xpw, ]p-\-cm-h-¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xpw. e-£y-ÿm-\-tØ-°v A-h-sb \-bn-°p-∂ ]-tNm-Z-\-hpwam-¿-K-Z-¿-i-\-hpw F-hn-sS \n-∂p e-`n-°p-∂p. am-X-hp-a-√, hn-cn-™p h-f-¿-∂v q-X-e-Øn-te-°v h-cp-∂ Ip-™p-ß-ƒ h-gn-sX-‰m-sX am-Xm-hn-s‚ k-∂n-[m-\-Øn-te-°v Xn-cn-s®-Øp-sa-∂ A-¤p-X-I-c-am-b kw-`-h-ß-ƒ-t]m-epw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

F-√m h-kv-Xp-°-ƒ-°pw A-Xn-s‚ kr-„n-∏v \-¬-Ip-I-bpw A-\-¥-cw am-¿-K-Z-¿-i-\w \-¬-Ip-I-bpwsN-bv-X-h-\m-Ip-∂p A-√m-lp. (hn.Izp 20:50)

a-Wn-°q-dn-¬ 250 In-tem-ao-‰-¿ ap-X-¬ 300 In.ao-‰-¿ h-sc th-K-X-bn-¬ ]-d-°p-hm-≥ I-gn-hp-≈ ]-£n-I-sf-t∏m-epw C-∂v I-s≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. s]-dn-Ko-≥ ^m-¬-I-¨ F-∂ ]m-∏n-Sn-b-≥ ]-£n a-Wn-°q-dn-¬ 250 In.-ao-‰-¿-h-sc ]-d-°p-hm-≥ km-[n-°p-a-sX. kv-ss]-≥ sS-bn-¬-Uv kzn-^v-‰v F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ ]-£n-bm-Wv A-dn-b-s∏-´ th-K-X-bn-¬G-‰-hpw ap-≥]-≥. a-Wn-°q-dn-¬ 322 In.-ao-‰-¿ th-K-X-bn-¬ k-©-cn-°p-∂p. io-X-Im-e-ß-fn-¬ 5000In.-ao-‰-¿-h-sc ]-d-∂v hm-k-ÿ-e-ß-fn-¬-\n-∂v am-dn-Øm-a-kn-°p-∂ ]-£n-I-fp-ap-≠v. P-∏m-\n-¬ h-kn-°p-∂ Im-]n-√ l-Uv ho-°n. P-∏m-\n-¬ Iq-Sv sI-

ń hn-cn-∏n-® ti-jw io-X-Im-ew I-gn-°m-≥ B-kv-tX-en-b-bn-epw Sm-kv-am-\n-bbn-epw t]m-bn ]m-¿-°p-hm-≥ 5000 In.-ao-‰-¿ ]-d-°p-∂p. H-cn-S-Øpw \n-¬-°m-sX X-s∂ e-£y-ÿm-\-sØ-Øp-∂p. Nn-eI-gp-I-∑m-¿ a-Wn-°q-dn-¬ 50 ap-X-¬ 70 In.-ao-‰-¿ ]-d-°p-tºm-gpw C-c-I-sf Zq-sc-\n-∂pw I-s≠-Øn ]n-Sn-°p-∂p. Nn-e Xm-dm-hp-I-ƒ t]m-epw 80 In.ao-‰-¿ap-X-¬ 100 In.ao-‰-¿ h-sc ]-d-°m-dp-≠v. ]-e ]-£n-I-fpw 4000 ap-X-¬ 8700 ao-‰-¿ D-b-c-Øn-¬ h-sctZ-im-¥-c ]-d-°-¬ \n-¿-h-ln-°m-dp-≠v. Nn-e ]-£n-I-ƒ ln-am-e-b-Øn-s‚ D-b-¿-∂ ]-¿-h-X-\n-c-I-ƒ I-S-∂v ]-d-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xv hn-kv-a-b-am-b Im-gv-N-bm-Wv. (A-ta-cn-°-≥ tKm-ƒ-U--≥ t]m-ƒ-h-¿) F-∂ ]-£n t\m-hm-kv-tIm-jn-bm-bn-¬-\n-∂v sX-s° A-ta-cn-°-bn-te-°p-≈ bm-X-bn-¬ 4000 In.ao-‰-¿ Zq-cw 45 a-Wn-°q-¿ Xp-S-¿-®-bm-bn F-ßpw hn-i-an-°m-sX ]-d-°p-∂p. Z en-‰n-¬ Ãn-‚ v F-∂ ]-£nh-S-°p-In-g-°-≥ bq-tdm-∏n-¬-\n-∂pw ssk-_o-cn-bm-bn-¬-\n-∂pw B-K-kv-Xv B-Zy-Øn-¬ C-¥y-bn-¬ F-Øn-bm-¬ \m-em-gv-N I-gn-™m-¬ A-Xn-s‚ a-S-°-bm-X-bm-bn. H-cp-X-cw sh-≈-s°m-°v P-¿-a-\n-bn-¬\n-∂v _n-°m-\n-b-¿ h-sc 7000 In.ao-‰-¿ ]-d-s∂-Øn-b-Xm-bn tc-J-bp-≠v. tam-kv-tIm k-ao-]w A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øn-b Ko-≥-km-‰v ss]-∏-¿ ]-£n-sb tI-c-f-Øn-¬ \n-∂v I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. tZ-im-¥-c ]-£n-I-fn-¬ B-¿-ń-Iv tS-¨ C-W tN-¿-∂v ]-P-\-\w \-S-Øp-∂-Xv D-Ø-c-[p-h-]-tZ-i-Øn-se em-‰n-‰yq-Uv 820 t\m-¿-Øn-em-Wv. ]n-∂o-Sv Z-£n-WZp-h-Øn-se 740 ku-Øn-te-°v 17600 In.ao-‰-¿ Zq-cwA-h ]-d-°p-∂p. Im-em-h-ÿm hy-Xn-bm-\-ß-ƒ kw-`-hn-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip-∂ am‰-ß-ƒ Iq-Sn I-W-°n-se-Sp-Øm-¬ h-S-t°m-´pw sX-t°m-´p-ap-≈ A-Xn-s‚ bm-X 48000 In.ao-‰-¿ ap-X-¬ 64000 In.ao-‰-¿h-sc-bm-Wv.

_m-¿ sS-bn-¬-Uv tKm-Uv hn-‰v F-∂ ]-£n-°v

............................................................................

............................................................................

]-d-h-I-ƒ-°v A-√m-lp \-¬-In-b A-]m-c-am-b _p-≤n-i-‡n-bpw I-gn-hpwhn-kv-a-b-ß-fp-W-¿-Øp ∂p. B-lm-cw ti-J-cn-°p-hm-\pw C-W-tN-cm-\pw-hw-i-h-¿-[-\-bv-°pw hn-Zq-c-Zn-°p-I-fn-te-°v hn-i-a-an-√m-sX ]-d-°p-I-bpw]p-d-s∏-´ ÿ-e-ß-fn-¬ X-s∂ Xn-cn-s®-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ bm-Ym-¿-YywB-›-cy-I-cw X-s∂-bm-Wv. A-h-b-psS th-K-hpw Zq-c hpw B-[p-\n-I d-Um-¿ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v im-kv-X-⁄ ∑m-¿ I-s≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.


\n-¬-°m-sX 10200 In.ao-‰-¿ ]-d-°p-hm-≥ km-[n-°p-a-sX. F-∂m-¬ G-‰-hpw A-¤p-X-I-c-hpw c-k-I-c-hp-am-b Im-cyw Cu bm-X-bn-¬ A-h D-d-ßp-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv. kzn-^v-‰v F-∂ ]-£n-°v bm-X-bn-¬-\n-Zm-a-b-°w km-[y-am-sW-∂v hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. d-Um-¿ \n-co-£-W-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂pw a-\- n-em-hp-∂-Xv ]q-¿-h-Zn-°n-te-°p-≈ bm-X-bn-¬ Im-‰n-s‚K-Xn-°-\p-kr-X-am-bn Xn-cn-™p-bm-X sN-øp-∂p.Cu bm-X-bn-¬ A-h-bp-sS X-e-t®m-dn-s‚ A-¿-[-`m-Kw \n-Z-bn-¬ hn-i-an-°p-∂p. (hn-am-\-bm-X-bn-¬ ss]-e-‰v a-b-ßp-∂-Xpw hn-am-\w I-ºyq-´-¿ \n-b-¥-W-ß-ƒ-°v hn-t[-b-am-°n-bm-Wv)

""X-ß-ƒ-°p-ao-sX Nn-d-Iv hn-S-¿-Øn-bpw Np-cp-ń-bpw ]-d-°p-∂ ]-d-h-I-sf A-h-¿ Im-Wp-∂n-t√-tbm?I-cp-Wm-a-b-\m-b ssZ-h-a-√m-Xm-cpw A-h-sb ]n-Sn-®p-\n-¿-Øp-∂n-√. A-h-≥ F-√mw ho-£n-°p-∂-h-\-t√m?'' (hn.Izp 67:19)

A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ B-kq-X-W-Øn-epw \n-b-¥-W-Øn-epw kw-c-£-W-Øn-epw k-¿-h-N-cm-N-c-ß-fpwN-en-°p-∂-Xpw B-l-cn-°p-∂-Xpw D-d-ßp-∂-Xpw B-h-iy-ß-ƒ ]q-¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw A-√m-lp-hm-Wv.]-d-h-I-ƒ-°v ]-d-°m-\p-≈ ssh-Z-Kv-[yw \-¬-In-b-Xv, B-lm-cw tX-Sp-hm-\p-≈ am-¿-K-Z-¿-i-\w \-¬-In-b-Xv, ]-d-°m-≥ tbm-Ky-am-b L-S-\ \-¬-In-b-XvF-√mw A-√m-lp. `q-an-bn-ep-≈ G-Xv P-¥p-hpw c-≠v Nn-d-Ip-I-ƒ-sIm-≠v ]-d-°p-∂ G-sXm-cp ]-£n-bpw \n-ß-sf-t∏m-se-bp-≈ k-aq-l-ß-ƒ am-X-am-Ip-∂p. K-Ÿ-Øn-¬ \mw bm-sXm-cp ho-gv-N-bpw h-cp-Øn-bn-ń-√. (hn.-Izp. 6:36)

\-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp-∂p: \n-ß-ƒ b-Ym-¿-Y `-c-ta-¬-]n-°-¬ B-i-bn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-¬ A-h-≥ \n-ß-ƒ-°v B-lm-cw \-¬-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p; A-h-≥ ]-d-h-I-ƒ-°v B-lm-cw \-¬-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se. A-h cm-hn-se Iq-Sp-I-fn-¬ \n-∂v hn-i-t∏m-sS ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-∂p. km-bm-lv-\-th-f-bn-¬ h-b-¿ \n-d-®v Iq-Sp-I-fn-te-°v-a-S-ßn-h-cp-∂p. Ip-™p-ß-ƒ-°v th-≠-Xv ti-J-cn-®v sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p. (Xn.-P)

k-I-e-h-kv-Xp-°-sf-bpw kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bpw A-h-bv-°v Ir-Xy-am-b ]-cn-Wm-aw \n-›-bn-°p-I-bpwsN-bv-X-h-\m-Wv A-√m-lp. (hn.Izp 25:12). ]-]-©-Øn-se k-I-e h-kv-Xp-°-ƒ-°pw A-kv-Xn-Xzw \-¬-Ip-I am-X-a-√ Hm-tcmh-kv-Xp-hn-\pw A-Xn-s‚ cq-]-hpw P-U-hpw i-‡n-bpw I-gn-hp-I-fpw Kp-W-hn-ti-j-ß-fpw B-lm-c-Øn-\p-≈ am-¿-K-hpw I-¿-a-ß-fpw I-¿-a-am-¿-K-ß-fpw \n-e-\n-ev-]n-s‚ Im-e-hpw hf-¿-®-bp-sS-bpw hn-Im-k--Øn-s‚-bpw L-´-ß-fpw I-Wn-i-am-bpw Ir-Xy-am-bpw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p.

]-e ]-£n-I-fpw ]-d-°p-∂-Xn-\v ap≥]v Hm-Sn-b-Xn-\v ti-j-am-Wv s]m-ßp-∂-Xv. hn-am-\-ß-fpw ]-d-°p-∂-Xn-\v ap-≥]v d-¨-th-bn-eq-sS k-©-cn-®-Xn\p-ti-j-am-Wv D-b-cp-∂-Xv. Nn-e ]-£n-I-ƒ sh-≈-Øn-\v ap-I-fn-em-bn t\-cn-´v h-∂n-d-ßp-∂p. I-c-bn-epwsh-≈-Øn-epw H-tc-t]m-se C-d-ßp-hm-≥ kw-hn-[m-

\-ß-fp-≈ B-[p-\n-I hn-am-\-ß-ƒ ]-co-£-W-L-´-ß-fn-em-Wv.

]-d-h-I-fn-¬-\n-∂v a-\p-jy-¿-°v ]-e-X-cw ]-tbm-P-\-ß-fpw e-`n-°p-∂p. ]m-No-\ Im-e-ß-fn-¬ k-tµ-i-hm-l-I-cm-bn ]-d-h-I-sf D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.]-hm-N-I-\m-b kp-sse-am-≥\-_n-bp-sS k-Z- n-¬]-d-h-I-fp-sS ssk-\y-ß-ƒ X-s∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn N-cn-Xw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. _n¬-°o-kv cm-⁄n-bp-sS sIm-´m-c-Øn-te-°v lp-Zv-lp-Zv ]-£n-sb Np-a-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xpw kp-sse-am-≥\-_n-bp-sS k-tµ-iw sIm-´m-c-Øn-¬ F-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø kw-`-h-_-lp-e-am-b I-Y-I-ƒ Izp-¿-B-\n-¬hni-Zo-I-cn®n-´p-≠v. B-[p-\n-I Im-e-L-´-ß-fn-epw]-£n-I-sf th-´-bm-Sp-hm-\pw Nm-c-]-h-¿-Ø-\-Øn-\pw a-‰pw D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v.

h-f-¿-Øp-]-£n-I-sf ]-e-t∏m-gpw a-\p-jy-¿ B-lm-c-Øn-\v D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. A-Xn-s‚ ap-´-bpwamw-k-hpw \mw \n-tXy-\-sb-t∂m-Ww D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. tem-I-Øn-¬ hn-hn-[ X-c-Øn-ep-≈[m-cm-fw ]-d-h-I-fp-s≠-¶n-epw b-Ym-¿-Y-am-b I-W-°p-I-sf-°p-dn-t®m hn-hn-[-X-cw ]-£n-I-sf-°p-dn-t®m ]-T-\-ß-ƒ \-S-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw C-t∂-h-scIr-Xy-am-b I-W-°p-I-ƒ B-¿-°pw Xo-¿-Øp-]-d-bp-hm-≥ km-[n-®n-ń-√.

F-√m ]-£n-I-ƒ-°pw k-a-b-t_m-[-hpw A-]m-c-am-b Hm-¿-a-i-‡n-bp-ap-s≠-∂ Im-cyw ]-£n-\n-co-£-I-¿-°v t_m-[y-am-b-Xm-Wv. Ir-Xy-k-a-b-Øv D-d-ßp-I-bpw D-W-cp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. \-Ωp-sS ho-ń-¬ h-f-¿-Øp-∂ ]q-h-≥-tIm-gn-I-ƒ ]-`m-X-Øn-¬hn-fn-®p-W-¿-Øp-∂-Xv \-ap-°v kp-]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv.

cm-Xn-bpw ]-I-epw H-cp-t]m-se thym-a-k-©m-cw \-S-Øp-hm-≥ ]-£n-I-ƒ-°v I-gn-bpw. kq-cy-s\-bpw \-£-X-ß-sf-bpw B-i-bn-®m-Wv tZ-im-S-\w\-S-Øp-∂-Xv. A-h-bp-sS i-co-c-Øn-¬ A-¤p-X-I-c-am-b kq-∏-¿ I-ºyq-´-¿ ]-h-¿-Øn-°p-∂p F-∂v \mwa-\- n-em-°-Ww. Zn-i A-ev-]wt]mepw sX-‰m-sXK-Xn \n-b-¥n-°p-∂ kq-∏-¿ I-ºyq-´-¿ ]-£n-I-ƒ-°v h-gn I-≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw ÿ-ew \n-¿W-bn-


°p-∂-Xn-\pw km-[n-°p-∂p.a-e-I-ƒ, ]p-g-I-ƒ, I-S-¬-Øo-c-ß-ƒ ap-X-em-b-

h Xm-≠n k-©-cn-°p-∂ ]-£n-I-ƒ-°v `q-an-bp-sSIm-¥n-I-i-‡n K-ln-°p-hm-\p-≈ I-gn-hp-s≠-∂m-Wv ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. [p-h-ß-fn-¬\n-∂v `q-a-[y-tc-J-bn-te-°p-≈ h-gn-bn-¬ q-an-bp-sS Im-¥-i-‡nbn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂ hy-Xym-k-ß-ƒ-°v H-cp Ir-Xy-X-bp-≠v.]-£n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-Øn-se G-tXm H-cp A-h-b-h-Øn-\v Cu hy-Xym-k-ß-ƒ K-ln-°p-hm-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂m-Wv hm-Zw. Im-‰n-s‚ K-Xn-bpw i-‡n-bpw A-dn-™p-th-Ww ]-d-°-en-s‚ Zn-i-bpw th-K-X-bpwk-a-b-hp-sa-√mw I-a-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥. A-h-km-\-am-bnNn-e e-£y-ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-bm-¬ A-°m-cyw I-≠-dn-bp-hm-\pw I-gn-b-Ww.

]-£n-I-ƒ F-ß-s\-bm-Wv C-sX-√mw I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xv. ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ i-‡-am-b \n-b-¥-W-Øn-em-Wv C-sX-√mw N-en-°p-∂-Xv. ]-e-X-cw ]-£n-I-fpwX-ß-fp-sS kz-tZ-iw hn-´v A-t\-Im-bn-cw In-temao-‰-¿ A-I-se-bp-≈ ÿ-e-ß-fn-¬ F-Øn F-hn-sS-bm-Wv i-c-Xv-Im-ew I-gn-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xv. Nn-¥m-i-‡n-bn-√m-Ø \n- m-c-Po-hn-I-ƒ `q-]-S-ß-fp-sS-tbm h-S-°p-t\m-°n-b-¥-ß-fp-sS-tbm k-lm-b-an-√m-sXhn-im-e-am-b q-J-fi-ß-fn-¬ k-ap-Z-ß-fpw Xm-≠ne-£y-ÿ-e-ß-fn-¬ F-Øp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv \-ap-°v Nn-¥n-°p-hm-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø hn-kv-a-b-I-c-am-b Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv.

]-£n-hn-Rv-Pm-\n-I-fn-¬ Ip-e-]-Xn-bm-b tUm.k-eow A-en t_mw-s_-bn-ep-≈ X-s‚ ho-´p-h-f-∏n-¬ h-∂n-cp-∂ H-cp h-gn-Ip-ep-°n ]-£n-bp-sS Im-en-¬ H-cp A-eq-an-\n-bpw h-e-bw L-Sn-∏n-®v, \m-ep-h-¿-jw Xp-S-¿-®-bm-bn F-√m i-c-Xv Im-e-ß-fn-epwB ]-£n A-tX h-f-∏n-¬ hn-cp-∂p-h-∂n-cp-∂-Xm-bn A-t±-lw I-≠p-]n-Sn-®p. B-[p-\n-I Im-e-Øv]-£n-I-fp-sS tZ-im-S-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v [m-cm-fw K-th-j-W-ß-ƒ \-S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kv-tImtlmw Zzo-]n-se Iq-´n-¬-\n-∂v ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn hn-am-\-am-¿-Kw sh-\o-kn-¬ sIm-≠p-t]m-bn hn-´ H-cp am-≥-Iv-kv jn-b-¿-hm-´-¿ F-∂ ]-£n 14 Zn-h-kw-sIm-≠vA-Xn-s‚ ho-´n-¬ Xn-cn-s®-Øn. sh-\o-kn-¬ \n-∂v

Ip-dp-sI h-∂m-¬ kv-tIm-tlm-an-te-°v 1490 In.-ao-‰-¿ Zq-c-ta-bp-≈q. F-¶n-epw jn-b-¿-hm-´-¿ H-cp I-S-¬-]-£n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-¬ k-ap-Z-Øn-\p ap-I-fn-eq-sS ]-d-°m-\m-Wv km-[y-X. A-ßn-s\-bm-sW-¶n-¬ 14 Zn-h-kw-sIm-≠v 5920 In.-ao-‰-¿ Zq-cw ]-d-∂n-cn-°-Ww.

a-\p-jy-¿ ]-£n-I-sf amw-k-Øn-\pw ap-´-bv-°pwth-≠n h-f-¿-Øm-dp-≠v. ]-e ]-£n-I-fp-sS-bpw Iq-Sp-\n-¿-am-W-hpw A-¤p-X-I-c-am-Wv. hn-hn-[ X-c-Øn-ep-≈ Iq-Sp-I-fm-Wv C-h \n-¿-an-°p-∂-Xv. ]mw kzn-^v-‰v F-∂ H-cp ]-£n kz-¥w D-an-\o-cm-Wv Iq-Sp-\n-¿-am-W-Øn-\v ]-i-bm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Nn-e]-£n-I-fp-sS Iq-Sp-I-ƒ ssN-\-°m-¿ kq-∏p-≠m-°p-hm-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

]-e ]-£n-I-fpw ]-e-t∏m-gpw Iq-´-am-bn-´m-Wv ]-d-°p-∂-Xv. C-h ]-d-°p-∂ C-S-ß-fn-¬ kq-cy-s\ a-d-®v A-‘-Im-c-am-bn Xo-¿-∂ kw-`-h-ß-ƒ D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. ]m-k-©-¿ ]n-Pn-b-¨ F-∂ ]-£n-bp-sSIq-´-ß-ƒ h-S-s° A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS Nn-e ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-eq-sS ]-d-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºm-ƒ a-Wn-°q-dp-I-tfm-fw kq-cy-K-l-W-k-a-b-Øp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp-≈ C-cp-´v hym-]n-®-Xm-bn ]-£n-\n-co-£-I-¿ dn-t∏m-¿-´v sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.

]-£n-I-fp-sS Iq-Sv \n-¿-am-W-hpw A-¤p-X-I-c-am-Wv. hn-hn-[-X-cw ]-£n-I-ƒ hn-hn-[-X-c-Øn-ep-≈Iq-Sp-I-fm-Wv \n-¿-an-°p-∂-Xv. hn-hn-[ X-c-Øn-ep-≈h-kv-Xp-°-fm-Wv Iq-Sp \n-¿-am-W-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Hm-tcm Iq-Sn-s‚-bpw B-Ir-Xn-bpw cq-]-hpw`w-Kn-bpw hy-Xy-kv-X-ß-fm-Wv.

F-√m ]-£n-I-fpw Iq-Sp-\n-¿-am-W-Øn-\v D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv X-s‚ sIm-°pw Im-ep-I-fp-am-Wv. P-∑-kn-≤-hm-k-\-bm-Wv A-Xn-s\ \n-e-\n-¿-Øp-∂-Xv. ]-£n-I-fp-sS m-j a-\p-jy-¿-°v kp-]-cn-Nn-X-a-s√-¶n-epw \-Ωp-sS-bn-S-bn-¬ kw-km-cn-°p-∂ X-Ø-I-sf-bpw ssa-\-I-sf-bpw Im-Wmw. F-∂m-¬ C-h km-[m-c-W ]-Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂ c-t≠m aq-t∂m hm-°p-I-f-√m-sX D-®-cn-°m-dn-√. ]-£n-I-fp-sS `m-ja-\- n-em-°p-hm-≥ I-gn-™ Zm-hq-Zv \-_n(-A)-bp-sS N-cn-Xw Izp-¿-B-\n-¬ D-≠v. A-h A-t±-l-tØm-sSm-∏w k-¶o-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ B-e-]n-®n-cp-∂-Xm-bn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Zm-hq-Zn-s‚ Iq-sS k-¶o-¿-Ø-\w sN-øp-∂ ]-¿-h-X-ß-sf-bpw ]-d-h-I-sf-bpw Io-gv-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-Øp.(hn.-Izp.21:79). \mw ]-¿-h-X-ß-sf A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Iq-sS hn-t[-b-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A-ß-s\cm-hn-se-bpw ssh-In-´pw A-h A-t±-l-tØm-sSm-∏w k-¶o-¿-Ø-\w sN-øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-d-h-I-sf-bpw Iq-´-tØm-sS A-Zv-t±-l-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-°n. H-s°-bpw A-h-s‚ k-¶o-¿-Ø-\-Øn-¬ \na-·-cm-bn-cp-∂p. (hn.Izp 38:18)

]-d-h-I-ƒ ssZ-h-Io-¿-Ø-\-ß-ƒ ]-hm-N-I-\m-bZm-hq-Zv \-_n(-A)-bp-sS km-∂n-[y-Øn-¬ B-e-]n-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-£n-I-ƒ X-Ωn-¬ B-i-b-hn-

a-e-I-ƒ, ]p-g-I-ƒ, I-S-¬-Øo-c-ß-ƒ ap-X-em-b-h Xm-≠n k-©-cn-°p-∂ ]-£n-I-ƒ-°v q-an-bp-sS Im-¥n-I-i-‡n K-ln-°p-hm-\p-≈ I-gn-hp-s≠-∂m-Wv ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.[p-h-ß-fn-¬\n-∂v q-a-[y-tc-J-bn-te-°p-≈h-gn-bn-¬ q-an-bp-sS Im-¥-i-‡nbn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂ hy-Xym-k-ß-ƒ-°v H-cp Ir-Xy-X-bp-≠v. ]-£n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-Øn-se G-tXm H-cp A-h-b-h-Øn-\v Cu hy-Xym-k-ß-ƒ K-ln-°p-hm-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂m-Wv hm-Zw.

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\n-a-bw sN-øp-∂ i-_v-Z-ß-ƒ Hm-tcm-∂pw hn-`n-∂-ß-fm-Wv. ]-e-X-cw ]-£n-I-ƒ ]-e-X-cw cq-]-Øn-epw m-h-Øn-ep-am-Wv B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw \-S-Øp-∂-Xv. i-Xp-°-fp-sS km-∂n-[yw D-≠m-Ip-tºm-ƒ Ip-™p-ß-sf kw-c-£n-°p-hm-≥ C-h ]-tXy-Iw i-_v-Z-ß-ƒ ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂p. Hm-tcm Pm-Xn ]-£n-°pw A-Xn-s‚-Xm-b `m-j-bp-s≠-∂pw Hm-tcm ]-£n-bpw B-h-iy-ß-ƒ \n-d-th-‰p-hm-≥ th-≠ i-_v-Zm-h-en B `m-j-bn-¬ D-s≠-∂ ssZ-hw F-√m Po-h-Pm-e-ß-ƒ-°pw B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw \-S-Øp-hm-\pwssZ-hn-I Io-¿-Ø-\w B-e-]n-°p-hm-≥ ss\-k-¿-Kn-I-am-b I-gn-hp-I-ƒ \-¬-In-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. tIm-¿-hn-≥ ]-£n-I-ƒ ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂ i-_v-Zw ssZ-h-\m-a-am-b A-√m-lv F-∂m-Wv. C-cp-`m-K-Øpw X-e-Xn-cn-®pw-sIm-≠v G-gp-X-h-W B-h-¿-Øn-°p-∂p.

A-¬-]w amw-k-hpw Xq-h-ep-I-fpw s]m-≈-bm-bi-co-c-hp-ap-≈ H-cp sIm-®p-Po-hn-bp-sS ss\-k-¿-Kn-I-am-b I-gn-hp-I-fpw B-kq-X-W-ß-fpw hw-i-h-¿-[-\-bpw ]m-¿-Y-\-bpw Io-¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw k-jv-Sm-hn-s‚ kr-jv-Sn ssh-`-h-sØ-bpw a-l-Xz-sØ-bpw ]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-øp-∂p.

]-£n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-L-S-\-bpw A-¤p-X-I-c-am-Wv. `m-cw-Ip-d-™ i-co-cw. hm-bp- k-©m-c-ap-≈A-ÿn-Iq-S-ß-ƒ, izm-k-tIm-i-tØm-Sv _-‘-s∏-´v In-S-°p-∂ hm-bp A-d-I-ƒ X-e-tbm-ń-se A-ÿn-I-ƒ Iq-Sn-t®-¿-∂v In-S-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. a-‰p-Po-hn-I-fn-¬ Im-Wp-∂-Xp-t]m-se Iq-ń-t®-¿-°-s∏-´-h-b-√. Hm-¿-_n-‰p-I-ƒ ]-e-Xpw A-ÿn-I-ƒ aq-ew th-¿-Xn-cn-®-h-bm-Wv. \-s´-√n-\v I-gp-Øv, s\-©v, C-Sp-∏v Xp-S-ßn-b `m-K-ß-fn-sem-s° I-gp-Øn-¬-\n-∂v]-tXy-I X-c-Øn-ep-≈ h-f-bp-∂ I-ti-cp-°-fpw Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. ]-t£ s\-©n-se B-Zy-`m-K-ØvN-e-\-ti-jn Ip-d-™-Xpw N-e-\-ti-jn C-√m-Ø-

Xp-am-b I-ti-cp-°-fpw Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. A-h-km-\-sØ G-Xm-\pw I-ti-cp-°-ƒ C-Sp-s∏-√p-am-bn Iq-Sn-t®-¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. A-ß-s\ H-cp knw-tk-Iw cq-]-s∏-ń-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]-£n-I-ƒ ]n-≥-`m-K-sØ I-ti-cp-°-fpw A-ÿn-I-fpw Iq-ń tbm-Pn-®v C-f-°-an-√m-Xm-°n A-hn-sS ]-d-°p-hm-≥ B-h-iy-am-b a-kn-ep-I-ƒ L-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]-d-°p-hm-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø ]-£n-I-fn-¬ H-gn-sI C-ß-s\-bm-Wv L-S-\. ap-≥-Im-ep-I-ƒ Nn-d-Ip-I-fm-bn cq-]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Nn-e tZ-im-S-\∏-£n-I-ƒ kz-¥w i-co-c-Øn-se`m-K-ß-fn-¬ \n-∂pw D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn Ip-S-en-¬-\n-∂pw t]m-ó-\p-I-ƒ D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂ X-c-Øn-¬ cq-]m-¥-cw ]-I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. A-ßs\-bm-Wv A-[n-I-am-b Du-¿-Pw kw-`-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]-£n-I-fp-sS iz-k-t\-µn-b-ß-ƒ h-f-sc k-¶o-¿-W-am-b-h-bm-Wv. iz-kn-°p-∂ hm-bp-hn-se 75% ip-≤-hm-bp-hpw izm-k-tIm-i-ß-fn-se-Øm-sX ]n-≥-`m-K-Øp-≈ hm-bp-k-©n-I-fn-¬ F-Øn A-hn-Sp-sØA-ÿn-I-fn-se hm-bp k-©n-I-fn-¬ \n-d-bp-∂p. _m-°n 25% am-Xw izm-k-tIm-i-ß-fn-¬ F-Øp-∂p.A-ßs\ ]-£n-I-fp-sS izm-k-tIm-i-ß-fn-¬ izm-k-sa-Sp-°p-tºm-gpw D-Oz-kn-°p-tºm-gpw ip-≤-hm-bp \n-d-bp-∂p.

]-£n-I-fn-se X-e-t®m-dn-se G-‰-hpw hn-I-kn-® `m-Kw ]-d-°-en-s\ I-ao-I-cn-® `m-K-am-Wv. sk-dn-s_-√w N-e-\-sØ \n-b-¥n-°p-tºm-ƒ sk-dn-_w i-cn-bm-b Zn-i \n-¿-W-bw X-\-Xm-b kz-`m-hhn-ti-j-ß-ƒ C-W-tN-c-¬, Iq-Sp-\n-¿-am-Ww F-∂oIm-cy-ß-sf \n-b-¥n-°p-∂p. an-° ]-£n-I-ƒ-°pwLm-W-i-‡n h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-Wv. Io-hn-bn-¬ Cui-‡n ]-I-S-am-bn h-¿-[n-®p-Im-Wp-∂p.

]-£n-I-fn-¬ Im-gv-N-i-‡n ]-I-S-am-bn h-¿-[n-®p-Im-Wp-∂p. P-e-]-£n-I-fn-¬ h-f-bp-∂ se-≥-kp-I-ƒ Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. C-Xv I-c-bn-epw sh-≈-Øn-epw D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-≥ ]-cym-]v-X-am-b \n-e-bn-em-Wv. ]-£n-I-ƒ sS-S-tIm-am-‰n-Iv B-Wv. A-ƒ-Sm-h-b-e-‰v c-iv-an-I-fpw ]-®, Np-I-∏v, \o-e \n-d-ß-fn-ep-≈ c-iv-an-I-fpw ]-Xn-I-c-W-ti-jn-bp-≈ I-Æp-I-fp-am-Wv. C-h-sb A-ƒ-Sm-h-b-e-‰v c-iv-an-I-sf kzo-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ ]-cym-]v-X-cm-°p-∂p.

C-W tN-cp-∂ k-a-b-ß-fn-¬ C-Xv h-f-sc k-lm-b-I--am-Wv. ]-e ]-£n-I-fn-epw A-Xn-a-t\m-l-c-am-b \n-d-ß-fp-≈ Xq-h-ep-I-ep-≠m-Ipw. a-\p-jy-t\-X-ß-ƒ-°v tKm-N-c-a-√m-Ø C-Ø-cw \n-d-ß-ƒ A-ƒ-Sm-h-b-e-‰v c-iv-an-I-fp-sS ]-Xn-^-e-\-Øn-eq-sS ]-£n-I-ƒ-°v enw-K-t`-Zw Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-hm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂p. ªq-Sn-‰-kv F-∂ h-¿-K-Øn-se B-¨-]-£n-I-fn-¬ A-ƒ-Sm-h-b-e-‰v c-iv-an-I-ƒ ]-Xn-^-en-°p-∂A-Xn-a-t\m-l-c-am-b `m-K-ß-ƒ Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-W tN-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºm-bn I-gp-Øn-se A-Xn-a-t\m-l-c-am-b Xq-h-ep-I-ƒ D-b-¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-®v B-¨-]-£n-I-ƒ s]-¨-]-£n-I-sf B-I-¿-jn-°p-∂p. #


Qur'an as the Book of God, has beenreceiving sanctity and utmost card by be-lievers since the time of the prophetMohammed (PBUH) Qur'an impressionsare made in different letters and size usingdifferent materials.

There are Qur'an impressions big in sizewhile some others are tiny. In some copies,you can see pages a length of one meter,while in some others, page length is as shortas one centimeter.

One of these Qur'an copies having alength 1.5 cm and width 1 cm is preservedby me and I am very proud of possessingthis rare copy of Holy Qur'an which wascollected, rather " conquered" from the In-ternational Book Festival in Sharjah whileon a mission to the gulf countries in 1999representing Muslim Educational Society,Kerala.

The copy is in excellent condition, whichcan be read with the help of a magnifyingglass only.

The back cover is made of leather deco-rated with Islamic art in pink colour. Its pagesare made of leaves and the writing insideboardered. The copy has a specific contenttoo.

Typical calligraphy called "Turabi" inArabic, which is the most minute Arabic Cal-ligraphy is used. The Calligraphers use cats'fur for such writings.

During their journey, Muslims used to

Unique

Umar Thayyil, Mankada

A Rare Copy of the Qur'an

carry such small Mushafs (copies of HolyQur'an) for memorising it and to have His bless-ing.

They also used to place them on top of Flagsduring battles and also on Flags raised duringprocessions and marriage ceremonies in Mus-lim Countries, in old times.

The famous Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo(Egypt) has one of the oldest and biggest size ofQur'an copies made of leather which weightsabout 50 kg. It is 80 cms long, 60 cm wide and70 cms high, (Late Prof. Hamza Thayyil,Mankada had witnessed the same on his visit toCairo as leader of Indian Delegation on worldPopulation Project)

It is believed to have been prepared duringthe reign of Caliph Usman-Bin-Affan, The copydoes not have "muddh" or elongation marks andother symbols to note established rules of pro-nunciation and intonation making it difficult toread. The handwriting is so big that it spreadsover 1400 pages of gazelle letters. The copy ispreserved safely in the college of Antiquities atCairo University in very good condition.


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