USMLE - Diseases and Findings - Term List
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Transcript of USMLE - Diseases and Findings - Term List
1
USMLE-diseases and findings
11-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt retention, hypertension
1.
Addison’s Disease: primary adrenocortical deficiency2.
Addisonian Anemia: pernicious anemia (antibodies tointrinsic factor or parietal cells ? ?IF ? ?Vit B12 ?megaloblastic anemia)
3.
Adhesive arachnoiditis: Caused by bacterial meningitis, leads to obstructive hydrocephalus
4.
AFP decrease: Down’s5.
AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum: Spina Bifida; Anencephaly
6.
AFP increase: Neural tube defects, hepatocellular carcinoma, yolk sac and embryonal carcinoma
7.
Albright’s Syndrome: polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature,young girls
8.
Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation: Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
9.
Alport’s Syndrome: hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen defect (basement membranes)
10.
Alzheimer’s: progressive dementia; tau proteins,neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E4 allele,narrow gyri and wide sulci (atrophy), occipital sparing,hydrocephalus ex vacuo, plaques in hippocampus andcortex, ? Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellularinclusion bodies in hippocampal cells)
11.
Amnion nodosum: Renal agenesis12.
Amyloid in thyroid: Thyroid medullary carcinoma (calcitonin)
13.
Analgesic abuse: Papillary necrosis, esp. in diabetics14.
Anasarca: Minimal change disease15.
Aneurysmal nodules: Polyarteritis nodosa16.
Angiomyolipoma: Tuberous sclerosis17.
Anosmia: Kallman’s syndrome18.
Anterior vermian atrophy: alcoholism19.
Anti-centromere antibody: Limited scleroderma (CREST)20.
Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibody: Diffuse scleroderma21.
Anti-endomysial antibody: Celiac sprue22.
Anti-jo antibody: polymyositis23.
Anti-mitochondrial antibody: Primary biliary cirrhosis24.
Anti-sacharommyces cervisiae antibody: Crohn’s25.
Anti-Smith antibodies: Specific for SLE, anti-ribonulceoprotein
26.
Anti-smooth muscle antibody: Autoimmune hepatitis type I
27.
Antiplatelet Antibodies: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
28.
Arachnodactyly: Marfan’s29.
Argyll-Robertson Pupil: loss of light reflex constriction(contralateral or bilateral), “Prostitute’s Eye” -accommodates but does not react, Pathognomonic for3?Syphilis
30.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation: cerebellar tonsil herniation31.
Aschoff Bodies: rheumatic fever32.
Ashleaf spots (skin): Tuberous sclerosis33.
Atypical lymphocytes: EBV34.
Auer Rods: acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)35.
Autosplenectomy: sickle cell anemia36.
Babinski: UMN lesion37.
Bacterial conjunctivitis: S. aureus, strep. pneumo, Hemophilus aegyptius
38.
2
Barrett’s: columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* riskof adenocarcinoma)
39.
Bartter’s Syndrome: hyperreninemia40.
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs: lead poisoning41.
Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy: similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
42.
Bell’s Palsy: CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
43.
Bence Jones Protein: multiple myeloma free light chains(either kappa or lambda) Waldenstrom’smacroglobinemia
44.
Berger’s Disease: IgA nephropathy45.
Bernard-Soulier Disease: defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)
46.
Berry Aneurysm: circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed), often associated with ADPKD
47.
Bilateral breast cancer: Lobular carcinoma48.
Bilateral renal cell carcinoma: Von Hippel-Lindau49.
Birbeck Granules: histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
50.
Bladder trabeculation: BPH51.
Bloody nipple discharge: Intraductal papilloma52.
Blue Bloater: Chronic Bronchitis53.
Blue Sclera: Osteogenesis imperfecta54.
Blueberry muffin baby: Rubella????55.
Boot-Shaped Heart: Tetralogy of Fallot56.
Bouchard’s Nodes: osteoarthritis (PIP)57.
Boutonniere’s Deformity: rheumatoid arthritis58.
Bowen’s Disease: carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
59.
Briquet’s Syndrome: somatization disorder60.
Broca’s Aphasia: Motor Aphasia intact comprehension61.
Bronchiolitis: RSV62.
Bronze Diabetes: Hemochromatosis63.
Brown Tumor: hyperparathyroidism64.
Brown-Sequard: hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)
65.
Brudzinski sign: meningitis66.
Brushfield Spots: Down’s, on iris67.
Bruton’s Disease: X-linked agammaglobinemia68.
Budd-Chiari: post-hepatic venous thrombosis69.
Buerger’s Disease: acute inflammation of small, medium arteries * painful ischemia * gangrene
70.
Burkitt’s Lymphoma: small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV, 8:14 translocation
71.
Caisson Disease: gas emboli72.
Call-Exner Bodies: granulosa cell tumor73.
Carbon monoxide poisoning: hyperemia, edema and necrosis of globus
74.
Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy: Chagas’ Disease75.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Median nerve entrapment76.
Central Nuclei in Muscle: Muscular dystrophies77.
Chagas’ Disease: Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, megaesophagus, megacolon
78.
Chancre: 1* Syphilis, painless firm ulcers79.
Chancroid: Haemophilus ducreyi, painful soft ulcers80.
Charcot Triad: multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
81.
Charcot-Leyden Crystals: bronchial asthma82.
Chediak-Higashi Disease: Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy
83.
Cherry-red spot on macula: Tay-Sachs, 50% of Niemann-Pick
84.
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing: cerebral lesion85.
Chocolate Cysts: endometriosis86.
Cholesterol clefts: atherosclerosis87.
3
Chordae tendinae short and fused: Rheumatic heart disease
88.
Chronic staph infections: Chronic granulomatousdisease, a deficiency of NADPH oxidase, can’t killcatalase positive bugs
89.
Chvostek’s Sign: Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany90.
Clear nuclei: Thyroid papillary carcinoma (OrphanAnnie’s eyes)
91.
Clue Cells: Gardnerella vaginitis, trichomonas?92.
Codman’s Triangle: osteosarcoma93.
Coin Lesions in Lung: Pulmonary Hamartoma94.
Cold Agglutinins: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; infectious mononucleosis
95.
Cold thyroid nodules: Colloid cyst or thyroid adenoma96.
Concentric laminar intimal fibrosis of small arteries of
lung: Primary pulmonary hypertension97.
Condyloma Lata: 2* Syphilis98.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 21-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt loss, hypotension
99.
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis: Polycystic Kidney Disease, juvenile autosomal recessive form
100.
Conn’s Syndrome: primary aldosteronism101.
Contraction Band Necrosis: MI102.
Cori’s Disease: glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
103.
Cotton Wool Spots: HTN104.
Councilman Bodies: dying hepatocytes105.
Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule: rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
106.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob: prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
107.
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome: congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
108.
Crohn’s: IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas, (contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses,pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk)
109.
Croup: Parainfluenza110.
Crushed ping pong balls: Pneumocystis carinii111.
Crypt abscesses: Ulcerative colitis112.
Curling’s Ulcer: acute gastric ulcer associated with severeburns
113.
Currant-Jelly Sputum: Klebsiella114.
Curschmann’s Spirals: bronchial asthma115.
Cushing’s: Disease: hypercorticism 2* to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma), Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1* adrenal or ectopic)
116.
Cushing’s Ulcer: acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
117.
Cystathioine synthase deficieny: homocystinuria118.
D-dimers: DIC119.
de Quervain’s Thyroiditis: self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
120.
Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra: Parkinson’s121.
Dew drop on rose petal: Chicken pox122.
Diaphragmatic pleural plaques: Asbestosis123.
DiGeorge’s Syndrome: thymic hypoplasia * T-cell deficiency
124.
Donovan Bodies: granuloma inguinale (STD)125.
dopamine receptors: Schizophrenia126.
Double bubble sign on ultrasound: Down’s syndorme –duodenal atresia
127.
Down’s Syndrome: trisomy 21 or translocation128.
Dressler’s Syndrome: Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
129.
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome: congenital hyperbilirubinemia(conjugated), striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
130.
4
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: deficiency of dystrophin protein * MD X-linked recessive
131.
Duret Hemorrhages: Uncal herniation132.
Eburnation: osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
133.
Eccentric intimal fibrosis with medial hypertrophy:
Chronic transplant rejection134.
Ectopia Lentis: Marfan’s135.
Edwards’ Syndrome: trisomy 18, rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease
136.
Ehler’s-Danlos: defective collagen137.
Eisenmenger’s Complex: late cyanotic shunt (R?L)pulmonary HTN & RVH 2? to long-standing VSD, ASD,or PDA
138.
Embolizing endocarditis: Infectious, marantic (fibrin deposits in hypercoagulable states)
139.
Erb-Duchenne Palsy: trauma to superior trunk ofbrachial plexus Waiter’s Tip
140.
Erythema Chronicum Migrans: Lyme Disease141.
Ewing Sarcoma: undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone
142.
Excavation of Optic Cup: Glaucoma143.
Exopthalmos: hyperthyroid144.
Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat: carcinoma in situ on glans penis
145.
False positive VDRL: SLE, Treponema pertenue (non-STD tropical infection)
146.
Fanconi’s Syndrome: impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2* to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
147.
FAT RN: TTP (fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, neuro problems)
148.
Fatty Liver: Alcoholism149.
Fecalith: Acute appendicitis150.
Felty’s Syndrome: rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
151.
Ferruginous Bodies: asbestosis152.
FEV1/FVC: COPD153.
Fish-mouthed mitral valve: Rheumatic heart disease154.
Flea-bitten Kidney: Malignant Hypertension155.
Frontal bossing: Sickle cell anemia156.
Fungus ball in lung: Apergillus157.
galactosemia: Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency or galactokinase deficiency
158.
Gardner’s Syndrome: adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumors
159.
Garlic odor on breath: Arsenic (or lasagna)160.
Gaucher’s Disease: Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
161.
Ghon Complex: Tuberculosis, primary162.
Gilbert’s Syndrome: benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
163.
GIST: Tumor arising in cells of Cajal (pacemakers of gut)164.
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia: defective glycoproteins onplatelets
165.
glucose, protein in CSF: Bacterial meningitis166.
Gold Pneumonia: Lipid pneumonia, exogenous (aspiration) or endogenous (obstruction
167.
Goodpasture’s: autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular &alveolar basement membranes; linearimmunofluorescence
168.
Gower’s Maneuver: Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand169.
Grave’s Disease: autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI)170.
Gray discoloration of skin: Argyria (silver poisoning)171.
Guillain-Barre: idiopathic polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
172.
H shaped vertebrae: Sickle cell anemia173.
Hamman-Rich Syndrome: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis174.
5
Hand-Schuller-Christian: chronic progressive histiocytosis
175.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: autoimmune hypothyroidism (antimicrosomal or antithyroglobulin); Hurthle cells, thyroid germinal centers,
176.
Hashitoxicosis: initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’sThyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism
177.
Hat size increase: Paget’s disease of bone178.
Heart Failure Cells: CHF; hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs
179.
Heberden’s Nodes: Osteoarthritis (DIP)180.
Heinz Bodies: G6PDH Deficiency181.
Hemarthrosis: Coagulation factor deficiency182.
Hemorrhagic Temporal Lobe Lesion: HSV183.
Hemorrhagic Urticaria: Henoch-Schonlein184.
Henoch-Schonlein purpura: hypersensivity vasculitis185.
Hereditary Spherocytosis: RBC cytoskeletin defect, most commonly spectrin
186.
Heterophil Antibodies: infectious mononucleosis (EBV)187.
Hirano Bodies: alzheimer’s188.
Hirschprung’s Disease: aganglionic megacolon189.
HLA B27: Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, IBD, Reiter’ssyndrome
190.
Honeycomb lung: Pulmonary fibrosis191.
Horner’s Syndrome: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2* to a Pancoast tumor)
192.
Howell Jolley Bodies: Splenectomy, remnant of nuclear DNA
193.
Human placental lactogen increase: Placental site trophoblastic tumor
194.
Hunter’s: Decreased iduronosulfate sulfatase195.
Huntington’s: progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD
196.
Hurler’s: Decreased alpha-L-iduronidase197.
Hyaline thrombi: TTP198.
Hydrosalpinx: Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease199.
Hypersegmented PMNs: Megaloblastic anemia200.
Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs: iron-deficiency anemia201.
IgM against IgG: Rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid factor)
202.
Index finger overlapping 3rd and 4th: Edward’s(Trisomy 18)
203.
dopamine receptors: Parkinson’s204.
? Immunoglobulins: X-linked Brutons agammaglobulinemia, and common variable immunodeficiency
205.
Jacksonian Seizures: epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)
206.
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction: Syphilis over-aggressivetreatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms2? to rapid lysis
207.
Job’s Syndrome: immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli
208.
Joint Mice: osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)209.
Kaposi Sarcoma: malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
210.
Kartagener’s Syndrome: immotile cilia 2? to defectivedynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterility
211.
Kaussmaul Breathing: acidosis212.
Kawasaki Disease: mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)
213.
Keratin Pearls: SCCA214.
Keratoconjunctivitis: adenovirus215.
Kernig’s sign: meningitis216.
Keyser-Fleischer Ring: Wilson’s217.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules: diabetic nephropathy218.
Klinefelter’s Syndrome: 47, XXY219.
6
Kluver-Bucy: bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)
220.
Koilocytes: HPV221.
Koplik Spots: measles222.
Krabbe Disease: Beta-galactosidase deficiency223.
Krukenberg Tumor: adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries
224.
Lacunar cells: Variant of Reed-Sternberg cell seen innodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s Disease
225.
Lacunar infarct: Chronic hypertension226.
Laennec’s Cirrhosis: alcoholic cirrhosis227.
Lamellar bodies: Contain surfactant in Type II pneumocytes
228.
Langhans giant cells: Tuberculosis, other including coccidioides
229.
Lemon sign: Ultrasonographic finding in Neural Tube Defects
230.
Lemon yellow skin color: Pernicious anemia231.
Lesch-Nyhan: HGPRT deficiency, gout, retardation, self-mutilation
232.
Letterer-Siwe: acute disseminated Langerhans’ cellhistiocytosis
233.
Leukocoria: Retinoblastoma234.
Leukocyte alk. Phos. Positive: leukemoid rxn.235.
Lewy Bodies: Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions indamaged substantia nigra cells)
236.
Libman-Sacks: endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets, associated with SLE
237.
Lines of Zahn: arterial thrombus238.
Lisch Nodules: neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’sdisease)
239.
Loss of grey-white junction: Tuberous sclerosis240.
Lou Gehrig’s: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
241.
Low set ears: Downs, DiGeorge, Trisomy 18 (Edwards)242.
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
243.
Machine-like murmur: Patent ductus arteriosus244.
Macronodular cirrhosis: Wilson’s, viral hepatitis,alpha-1-antitrypsin
245.
Malignant pustule: Anthrax (black skin lesion)246.
Mallory Bodies: Alcoholic liver disease: intermediate filaments of hepatocyte cytoskeleton
247.
Mallory-Weis Syndrome: bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2* to wretching (alcoholics)
248.
Maple syrup/burnt sugar urine: Alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency; valine, leucine and isoleucine build up (branched)
249.
Marfan’s: elastin defect, floppy mitral valve, arachnodactyly, cystic medial necrosis, subluxed lens
250.
McArdle’s Disease: glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
251.
McBurney’s Sign: appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliacspine)
252.
Meckel’s Diverticulum: rule of 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feetfrom the ileocecum, in 2% of the population, embryonicduct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric,pancreatic, etc.)
253.
Meconium ileus: Cystic Fibrosis254.
Mees lines: Arsenic (parallel lines on fingernails)255.
Meig’s Syndrome: Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
256.
Melanosis coli: Laxative abuse257.
Menetrier’s Disease: giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
258.
Meningioma: Arachnoid cap cells, whorls of cells259.
7
Mental probs. with heart defect: Mitral prolapse260.
Mesothelioma: Asbestos exposure261.
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies: Malakoplakia, an abnormal tissue response to kidney infection
262.
Microglial nodules: HIV263.
Micrognathia: DiGeorge264.
Micronodular cirrhosis: Wilsons, alcoholic, hemochromatosis, primary biliary cirrhosis
265.
Microsatellite instability: HNPCC (right-sided colon cancer), but also possible in other cancers
266.
Mid-systolic click: Mitral prolapse267.
Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis: calcification of the media(usually radial & ulnar aa.), pipestem arteries
268.
Monoclonal Antibody Spike: multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
269.
Mousy / musty odor: PKU270.
Mucosal bleeding: Platelet problem (qualitative or quantitative)
271.
Munchausen Syndrome: factitious disorder (consciouslycreates symptoms, but doesn’t know why)
272.
Myxedema: hypothyroidism273.
Necrolytic migratory erythema dermatitis: ?-cell islettumor
274.
Negri Bodies and hydrophobia: rabies275.
Nelson’s Syndrome: 1* Adrenal Cushings * surgical removal of adrenals * loss of negative feedback to pituitary * Pituitary Adenoma
276.
Neuritic Plaques: Alzheimer’s277.
Neurofibrillary Tangles: Alzheimer’s278.
Niemann-Pick: Lysosomal Storage Diseasesphingomyelinase deficiency,“foamy histiocytes”
279.
Night pain relieved by aspirin: Osteoid osteoma280.
Non-embolizing endocarditis: Rheumatic, Libman-Sacks (with SLE)
281.
Non-pitting Edema: Myxedema, Anthrax Toxin282.
Notching of Ribs: Coarctation of Aorta283.
Nutmeg Liver: CHF, right heart284.
Ochronosis (dark pigment of fibrous tissue):
Alkaptonuria –homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency285.
Oligoclonal band: Multiple sclerosis286.
Onion skin kidney arterioles: Malignant nephrosclerosis (malignant hypertension)
287.
Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome: Hereditary HemorrhagicTelangiectasia
288.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: Type I collagen defect289.
Osteoid production: osteosarcoma290.
Paget’s Disease: abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures * pain) , woven and lamellar bone mosaic
291.
Painless Jaundice: pancreatic CA (head)292.
Palatal Petechaie: Strep pharyngitis293.
Palpable purpura: Hypersensitivity vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein, serum sickness)
294.
Pancarditis: Rheumatic fever295.
Pancoast Tumor: bronchogenic tumor with superiorsulcus involvement * Horner’s Syndrome
296.
Pannus: rheumatoid arthritis297.
Parkinson’s: dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts; Cogwheel rigidity
298.
PAS positive macrophages: Whipple’s disease299.
Patent ductus arteriosus: Maternal rubella and prematurity
300.
Pautrier’s Microabscesses: mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
301.
Periductal edema: Gynecomastia302.
Periventricular Calcifications: Congenital CMV (brain ventricles, that is)
303.
Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome: melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps of small intestine
304.
8
Peyronie’s Disease: subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis
305.
Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: PKU306.
Philadelphia Chromosome: CML307.
Pick Bodies: Pick’s Disease308.
Pick’s Disease: progressive dementia similar toAlzheimer’s, knife-edged gyri
309.
Piecemeal Necrosis: Chronic active hepatitis (periportal hepatocytes)
310.
Pink Puffer: Emphysema Centroacinar – smokingPanacinar - ?1-antitrypsin deficiency
311.
Pink, foamy lung exudate: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
312.
Plexiform lesions: Pulmonary HTN (aneurysmal expansion of vessel wall)
313.
Plummer-Vinson: esophageal webs & iron-deficiencyanemia, ? SCCA of esophagus
314.
Plummer’s Syndrome: hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter,absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs)
315.
Podagra: gout (MP joint of hallux)316.
Pompe’s Disease: glycogen storage disease (acid maltase deficiency) * cardiomegaly
317.
Porcelain gallbladder: Chronic cholecystitis (scarring)318.
Porcelain gallstones: Associated with gallbladder adenocarcinoma
319.
Port-Wine Stain: Hemangioma320.
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign: tearing of the ACL321.
Pott’s Disease: tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae322.
Potter’s Complex: renal agenesis * oligohydramnios * hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities
323.
Proliferating bile ducts: Obstructive jaundice324.
Psammoma Bodies: Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid, Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, Meningioma, Mesothelioma
325.
Pseudohypertrophy: Duchenne muscular dystrophy326.
Pseudopolyps: Ulcerative colitis327.
Pulmonary atherosclerosis: Cor pulmonale328.
Punched-Out Bone Lesions: multiple myeloma329.
Punched-out esophageal lesions: herpes330.
Rash on Palms & Soles: 2 Syphilis331.
Raynaud’s: Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities, Phenomenon: 2* to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
332.
RBC poikilocytosis: Beta-thalassemia333.
Rectangular RBC’s: Hemoglobin SC334.
Red hyalin globules: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (in liver)
335.
Red Morning Urine: paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
336.
Reed-Sternberg Cells: Hodgkin’s Disease337.
Reid Index Increased: chronic bronchitis338.
Reinke Crystals: Leydig cell tumor339.
Reiter’s Syndrome: urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular
340.
Reye’s Syndrome: microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy, 2* to aspirin ingestion in childrenfollowing viral illness
341.
Rhomboid crystals: Pseudogout342.
Riedel’s Thyroiditis: idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid
343.
Rim pattern: SLE, staining pattern with anti-double stranded DNA antibodies
344.
Rockerbottom feet: Patau (Trisomy 13), Edward’s(Trisomy 18)
345.
Rose thorns: Sporotrichosis346.
Rotor Syndrome: congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated), similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver
347.
Rouleaux Formation: multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked aspoker chips
348.
Rugae loss: Pernicious anemia (atrophic gastritis)349.
9
S3 Heart Sound: L ->R Shunt (VSD, PDA); Mitral Regurg; LV Failure
350.
S4 Heart Sound: Pulmonary Stenosis, Pulmonary HTN351.
Scalloped colloid: Grave’s disease352.
Schwartzman Reaction: Neisseria meningitidis impressiverash with bugs
353.
Sezary Syndrome: leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
354.
Shagreen patches: Tuberous sclerosis355.
Shaver’s Disease: aluminum inhalation ? lung fibrosis356.
Sheehan’s Syndrome: postpartum pituitary necrosis357.
Shy-Drager: parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
358.
Simian Crease: Down’s359.
Simmond’s Disease: pituitary cachexia360.
Sipple’s Syndrome: MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)
361.
Sjogren’s Syndrome: triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis? risk of B-cell lymphoma
362.
Smith Antigen: SLE (also anti-dsDNA)363.
Smudge cells: CLL (delicate cells easily destroyed on peripheral smear)
364.
Soap Bubble on X-Ray: giant cell tumor of bone365.
Soldiers plaque: Clinically insignificant remnant of healedpericarditis
366.
Spider telangiectasia: Hyperestrinism: liver failure, pregnancy
367.
Spike & Dome Glomeruli: membranous glomerulonephritis
368.
Spitz Nevus: juvenile melanoma (always benign)369.
Splinter hemorrhages: Infective endocarditis370.
Stein-Leventhal: polycystic ovary371.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: erythema multiforme, fever,malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2? to infection orsulfa drugs)
372.
Still’s Disease: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
373.
Strawberry cervix: Trichomonas vaginalis374.
Strawberry gallbladder: Cholesterolosis375.
Strawberry tongue: Scarlet fever, Kawasaki’s376.
String Sign on X-ray: Crohn’s bowel wall thickening377.
Struma Ovarii: Thyroid teratoma of ovary378.
Sugar icing on spleen: Portal hypertension379.
Sulfer granules: Collection of actinomyces or nocardia organisms in chronic abscessing bronchopneumonia
380.
Swiss cheese brain: Clostridia (gas forming)381.
Syncitia: RSV, measles382.
Takayasu’s arteritis: aortic arch syndrome, loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses
383.
Tamm-Horsfall protein: Hyaline casts (non-specific)384.
Target Cells: Thalassemia385.
Tay-Sachs: gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency *GM2 ganglioside)
386.
Teardrop RBCs: myelofibrosis387.
Temporal lobe encephalitis: Herpes388.
Tendinous Xanthomas: Familial Hypercholesterolemia389.
Tethered cord: Arnold-Chiari malformation (tonsilar herniation)
390.
Tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor def.: PKU391.
Tetralogy of Fallot: ÊVSD, Ëoverriding aorta,Ìpulmonary artery stenosis, Íright ventricularhypertrophy
392.
TGI > TSI: Hashimoto’s393.
Thymidine dimers: Xeroderma pigmentosum394.
Thymus, parathyroid agenesis: Digeorge (3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch)
395.
Thyroidization of Kidney: chronic pyelonephritis396.
TIBC increase: Anemia of chronic disease397.
Tingible Bodies: Macrophage in lymph node germinal centers
398.
Tophi: gout399.
10
Tourette’s Syndrome: involuntary actions, both motor and vocal
400.
Tram-Track Glomeruli: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
401.
Tree bark aorta: Syphilis402.
Trousseau’s Sign: visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) (These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.)
403.
TSI > TGI: Grave’s404.
Turcot’s Syndrome: adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumors
405.
Turner’s Syndrome: 45, XO406.
Typhoid Fever: Bradycardia and in white people rose spots on abdomen
407.
Tyrosinase deficiency: Albinism408.
Uric Acid: Gout, Lesch Nyhan, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
409.
Vincent’s Infection: “trench mouth” - acute necrotizingulcerative gingivitis
410.
Virchow’s Node: supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
411.
VMA and metenephrins in urine: Pheochromocytoma412.
von Gierke’s Disease: glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
413.
von Hippel-Lindau: hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma),adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
414.
von Recklinghausen’s: neurofibromatosis & café au laitspots & Lisch nodule (iris hamartomas)
415.
von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone: osteitis fibrosacystica (“brown tumor”) 2* to hyperparathyroidism
416.
von Willebrand’s Disease: defect in platelet adhesion 2* to deficiency in vWF; increased bleeding time and PTT
417.
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia: proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
418.
Wallenberg’s Syndrome: Posterior Inferior CerebellarArtery (PICA) thrombosis “Medullary Syndrome”,Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral:body pain & temp
419.
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells: Measles420.
Waterhammer pulse: Aortic regurgitation421.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen: catastrophic adrenal insufficiency 2* to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC),often 2* to meningiococcemia
422.
WBC Casts: pyelonephritis423.
Weber’s Syndrome: Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain,Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)
424.
Wegener’s Granulomatosis: necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.
425.
Weil’s Disease: leptospirosis426.
Wermer’s Syndrome: MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary)
427.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)
428.
Wernicke’s Aphasia: Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension
429.
Whipple’s Disease: malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis
430.
White matter petechiae: Fat emboli431.
Wilson’s Disease: hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
432.
Winged scapula: Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7) damage, common with radical mastectomy
433.
Wire Loop Glomeruli: lupus nephropathy, type IV434.
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Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: immunodeficiency: combinedB- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)
435.
Wolff-Chaikoff Effect: high iodine level (*)’s thyroidhormone synthesis
436.
Wrinkled glomerular basement membrane: ischemia437.
Zenker’s Diverticulum: esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES
438.
Zollinger-Ellison: gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) * * acid * intractable ulcers
439.