Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water
description
Transcript of Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water
![Page 1: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Michiel PostemaProfessor of Experimental Acoustics
KIOGE, Almaty 2012
INSTITUTT FOR FYSIKK OG TEKNOLOGI
Using ultrasound to separate oil, gas, and water
![Page 2: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• bubble radius ~ mm
• no-slip interfaces: stable
• film drainage: very slow
Foam and froth decay
![Page 3: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In this talk:
• I am going to explain what a foam is;
• I am showing how to get rid of foam;
• I am going to to show how to force coated bubbles in a liquid to form a foam.
![Page 4: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Postema M, et al. Ultrasound-induced microbubble coalescence. UMB 2004 30(10):1337–1344.
What is a foam?
![Page 5: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Postema M, et al. Ultrasound-induced encapsulated microbubble phenomena. UMB 2004 30(6):827–840.
Expanding bubble coalescence
![Page 6: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
30 × 30 (µm)²
21 × 21 (µm)²
30 × 30 (µm)²
30 × 30 (µm)²
Postema M, et al. Ultrasound-induced microbubble coalescence. UMB 2004 30(10):1337–1344.
Bubble coalescence within 1 microsecond
![Page 7: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
High-speed microscopy
![Page 8: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Historic cameras
• cameras– 8 – 128 frames– Max. speed (Mfps)
1. 0.001 (Redlake)2. 15 (Brandaris)3. 100 (Imacon 468)
– 10 – 330 ns exposure
• ultrasound– 1 – 10 cycles– 0.5 & 1.7 MHz– P- = 0.04 – 0.85 MPa
![Page 9: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Jetting
24 µm bubbleJet 0,33 µs later
60 fl jet volume
Postema M et al. IEEE T UFFC 2002(3):c1; Postema M et al. Med Phys 2005 32(12):3707–3711.
![Page 10: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Transducer Manufacture
Multiple Piezo elementsdiced from the same wafer
![Page 11: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Transducer Manufacture
Elements lapped down to thickness using slurry of Al2O3 in water
Ag paint for electrode
UV tape as form keeper
Very light S-38 microballoon filled epoxy backing
![Page 12: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pr e
s su r
e
Time
-60 kPa
+60 kPa
2 µs
Microbubbles in an ultrasound field
Postema M et al. Ultrasound-induced encapsulated microbubble phenomena. UMB 2004 30(6):827–840.
• 88 × 58 (µm)² area
• Tx=0.5 MHz, MI=0.09
• Equilibrium radius 6 µm
![Page 13: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Microbubble resonance frequencies
Postema M, Hiltawsky KM, Schmitz G. Ultraschallkontrastmittel – Grundlegende Überlegungen. In: Molecular Imaging – Innovationen und Visionen in der medizinischen Bildgebung; Niederlag W, Lemke HU, Semmler W, Bremer C, Eds. Dresden: Health Academy 2006 (1):131–146.
![Page 14: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• 88 × 58 (µm)² area/frame• Tx=0.5 MHz, MI=0.67• Equilibrium diameter = 4 µm
Fragmentation
Postema M et al. Presented at Erasmus MC, 2002.
![Page 15: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Acoustic tablet smashing
Postema M, Smith AJ. Tablet Processing Unit. UK patent application GB0820586.6 2008; international publication number WO/2010/055337.
![Page 16: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• 46 × 30 (µm)² area, solid shell
• Tx = 1.7 MHz, PNP 1.5 MPa
Postema M, et al. Med Phys 2005 32(12):3707-3711.
Sonic cracking
![Page 17: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Radiation forces
Kotopoulis S, Postema M. Microfoam formation in a capillary. Ultrasonics 2010 50(2):260–268.
![Page 18: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Radiation forces
Kotopoulis S, Postema M. Microfoam formation in a capillary. Ultrasonics 2010 50(2):260–268.
![Page 20: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Conclusions
• We have been able to drive microbubbles through saturated fluids, forcing the bubbles to cluster and form microfoams at equal distances.
• These microfoams were then driven out of the fluid.
• Ultrasound-assisted separation is a cheap technique that may have applications on a much bigger scale.
![Page 21: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Summary of phenomena
Postema M, Gilja OH, van Wamel A. CEUS and sonoporation. In: Postema M. Fundamentals of Medical Ultrasonics. London: Spon Press 2011 205–217.
![Page 22: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Diffusion
Postema M et al. Nitric oxide delivery by ultrasonic cracking: some limitations. Ultrasonics 2006 44:e109–e113.
![Page 23: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• 40 × 40 (µm)² areas• Tx=0.5 MHz
• ≈ 1.1/8 kg s–2
= r+t+v+s
Postema M, de Jong N, Schmitz G. The physics of nanoshelled microbubbles. Biomed Tech 2005 50(S1):748-749.
Elastic bubbles
![Page 24: Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816096550346895dcfbeb8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Phase difference petween P(t) and R(t)
Postema M, Schmitz G. Ultrasonic bubbles in medicine: influence of the shell. Ultrason Sonochem 2007 14(4):438–444.