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Karadeniz Technical UniversityDept. Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Trabzon - Turkey

January 19, 2007

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Using These Notes

If you use any part of thses notes, except the parts refered toother references, please refer the following publications:

I.H. Altas and A. M. Sharaf, “A Photovoltaic Array Simulation Model for Matlab-Simulink GUI Environment”, Accepted for presentation at the International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, ICCEP’0, May 21-23, 2007, Capri, Italy.

I. H. Altaş and A. M. Sharaf, “A Novel GUI Modeled Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Solar Powered Energy Utilization Scheme”, Accepted for presentation at the 13th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems (ICENES2007),June 3-8, 2007, Istanbul, Turkey.

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Photovoltaic Solar Cells

PV Cell Modelling

PV Power Mini/Micro E-Car project

Sample Simulink Simulations

Questions

Some photos of a solar car study (if we havetime)

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Electrical Equivalent Circuit PV Cells

Sx

Tx

0

0

ln ph CCC S C

I I IAkTV R I

e I

+ −⎛ ⎞= −⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠

D

I0CI

CV

SRphI

Approximate and Sufficient EQ circuit

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A

V

VOLTAGE (V)

CU

RR

EN

T (

A)

I-V Characteristic

PV Cell Characteristics

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I-V and P-V Characteristics

CU

RR

EN

T (

pu)

VOLTAGE (pu)

PO

WE

R (

pu)

I-V Characteristic

Voc

Isc P-V Characteristic

Im, Pm

Vm

For a certain solar irradiation and

ambient temperature

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Effect of Solar Irradiation on I-V Characteristics

VOLTAGE (pu)

CU

RR

EN

T (

pu)

1S

2S

3S

4S

Ta=constant

Sx increasing

Operating Points

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Effect of Temperature on I-V Characteristics

VOLTAGE (pu)

CU

RR

EN

T (

pu)

1T

2T3T

4T

Sx=constant

Tx increasing

: Operating Points

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P-V Curves

I-V CurvesI(pu)

P(pu)

V (pu)

Isc2

Isc3

00

Isc1

V01

Effect of Sx and Tx on I-V and P-V Characteristics

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Modelling PV Array for Simulation

( )1TV T a xC T Tβ= + −

( )1SV T S x CC S Sβ α= + −

( )11SI x C

C

C S SS

= + −

CX TV SV CV C C V=

phx TI SI phI C C I=

Sx

Tx

Iph

D

I0 IC

VC

Rs

( )1 TTI x a

C

C T TS

γ= + −

CS

X C

T = -S S

α∆

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Modelling PV Array for Simulation

5Ns

2Np

15oC1

Tx

110 mW/cm21Sx

Vpv

Ns

Np

Tx

Sx

Vpv

IpvIpv

Simulation

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0

0

ln ph CCC S C

I I IAkTV R I

e I

+ −⎛ ⎞= −⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠

Modelling PV Array for Simulation

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Modelling PV Array for Simulation

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OBJECTIVES

To develop a unified model of a Permanent MagnetDC (PMDC) Motor Drive driven by a battery orphotovoltaic panel for a photovoltaic powered smallE-Car (Electric Vehicle)

To test an effective power electronic DC-DC chopperdrive controlled by either PID controller or Bang-Bang Slide Mode Controller (select either one).

Test speed tracking response for a step referenceand a Ramp up – ramp down reference speedtrajectory.

TIP: Use already built models in Matlab/Simulink software.

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System Description

The simple PMDC motor drive for mini/micro E-Car:

DC-DC Chopper

PMDC Motor

mTmω

mV

( )m scV = 0-100% V

Battery

Or

PV PanelscV

scV

mV

chT

onT offT onm sc

ch

TV = V

T

⎛ ⎞⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

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DC-DC Chopper

The DC-DC chopper is a 2 quadrant MOSFET triggerred drive system.

1T+

-G

mV

2T

3T4T

scV

To motor

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onm sc

ch

TV = V

T

⎛ ⎞⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

scV

mV

chT

onT offT

t(sec.)

Ton

m scch 0

1V = V

Tdt∫ m D scV = Vα

( )m scV = 0-100% V αD: Chopper duty cycle

DC-DC Chopper

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Power Source

sR

scVsV

sL

sC

sV =36 V

To DC-DC chopper

DC source with input filter

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Power Source

PV Array with input filter

fR

scVsV

fL

fC

To DC-DC chopper

Sx

Tx

sV

sI

D

+

-

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PMDC Motor

ia

+em

--

LmRm Tm, θm

Jm

Bm+Vm

--

ωm

m

m

m t

R =0.15-0.35

L =3-6 mH

K =K =0.20 V/rad.sec.

Ω

The motor is rated 36 V. at 2 kW with rated speedof 3600 rpm.

m-rated

m-rated

m-rated

L0

P =2000

V =36 V or 72 V.

=188.5 rad/sec.

2000T = 110.6 Nm.

188.5

ω

=

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Controllers

The control scheme is a simple PID or bang-bangvariable structure / slide mode controller.

Only one should be selected.

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Controllers

PID dual loop limited current loop speed controller with motor current.

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Controllers

Bang-Bang limited current Variable Structure/Slide mode dual loop speed controller.

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Simulink Examples

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Questions