Using the Web Publishing Services at WSHS February 24, 1997 Phil Wherry ([email protected]) Walt...

Using the Web Publishing Servicesat WSHS

February 24, 1997

Phil Wherry ([email protected])

Walt Sanford ([email protected])

About the Server

• WSHS has participated in the Tri-School Network for several years; this network provides Internet access to users at the three schools.

• As part of Camp T-Equity ‘95 development, a PC on the WSHS network was set up to run Linux, a free Unix-compatible operating system.– Email service for camp participants– Web site for camp activities

• Site’s role has expanded considerably– Domain name service (DNS) for school– Email forwarding agent– School-wide Web service, proxy service

Why Unix?

• Unix has a well-deserved reputation for being hard-to-use.– Cryptic commands, error messages.– Difficult to configure and administer.

• Despite these limitations, Unix is an excellent choice for server construction.– Multi-user design: many people can use the system

simultaneously.– Reliability: server has been down for only a few hours in

the last several years (due to a hardware failure).– Security: Web publishing privileges can be controlled;

sophisticated auditing tools help detect misuse.– Flexibility: automation of routine/tedious tasks.

Getting Started:Applying for an Account

• Use a telnet client application to connect to the server, tequity.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us

• You can also connect by IP address: 151.188.16.1• At the login prompt,

enter: apply


• Once connected to the application process, answer each question as it is presented.


• When choosing your account name, do not use the same account name that you use on the Tri-School network unless you want to receive your email on the Unix server instead!

This is becauseincoming email ishandled by the Unixserver first, then sentto TSN if the useris unknown on theUnix server.


• Passwords are issued to the account applicant only. Identifiable users are the cornerstone of accountability!

• There is never a reason to share passwords. We can issue another account or force-change a password if necessary.

• Please emphasize(particularly to studentaccount holders) ourcomplete humorlessnesson this issue!


• Set your password. Usual rules apply: no names, dictionary words, or easily-guessed information.

• We can reset your password if you lose it, but we have no way to retrieve it for you.


• You must agree to a common-sense set of usage rules as part of the account application process.

• Student applicants must visit Walt Sanford inperson before theaccount will be activated.(Student applications aska slightly different set ofquestions than thosepictured here)

Logging In

• Once your account has been approved (a manual process), you can log in with your user name and password.

• System prompt:

tequity>

Getting Around

• Unix commands are a bit like MS-DOS commands. File names and commands are case-sensitive; in general, use lower-case letters.

• Tree-structured directory

(home)

Mail

demo1

demo2

public_html

subdirectory

~pwherry --also /home/pwherry

~pwherry/Mail

~pwherry/demo1

~pwherry/demo1/subdirectory

~pwherry/demo2

~pwherry/public_html

Getting Around

• Directory navigation

pwd “print working directory” - wheream I right now?

cd Change to home directory

cd .. Change to parent directory

cd directory Move down to directory.

More Directory Manipulation

• What’s in a directory?ls list files in a directoryls -l long-format listing

• Create a directorymkdir directory Creates directory

• Destroy an empty directoryrmdir directory Removes directory

Working With Files

• Creating and editing files: use the pico editor. This editor is the same one used by the pine email system.

pico filename

You may also use

pico -w filename

to prevent word-wrapping.

Working With Files

• Other file manipulation commands:

rm filename deletes a filemv file1 file2 moves/renames file1 to file2cp file1 file2 copies file1 to file2

Filename wildcards: use the * character.

rm *.gif removes all .gif filesrm * removes all files-be careful!

(Use -i for confirmation prompts on any of these commands: rm -i *.html)

Your public_html Directoryand the Web

• Your “public_html” directory is automatically accessible via the Web. Its URL is:

http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~your-user-nameExample: http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/

(home)

Mail

demo1

demo2

public_html

subdirectory


~pwherry/Mail

~pwherry/demo1


~pwherry/demo2



• Subdirectories of your public_html directory are accessible by name. In this example, the URL would be:

http://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/stuff/

(home)

Mail

demo1

demo2

public_html

subdirectory


~pwherry/Mail

~pwherry/demo1


~pwherry/demo2


public_html ~pwherry/public_html/stuff


• Subdirectories outside of your public_html directory tree are inaccessible for security reasons.

(home)

Mail

demo1

demo2

public_html

subdirectory


~pwherry/Mail

~pwherry/demo1


~pwherry/demo2


public_html ~pwherry/public_html/stuff

URLs and File Names

• Default file name for a directory (if not specified in URL) is “index.html”

• If no index.html file exists, a directory listing is shown. (This is considered bad form!)

• Some Examples…URL Refers tohttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/ ~pwherry/public_html/index.htmlhttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/info.html ~pwherry/public_html/info.htmlhttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/stuff/ ~pwherry/public_html/stuff/index.htmlhttp://www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us/~pwherry/stuff/abc.html ~pwherry/public_html/stuff/abc.html

Getting Files to the Server

• Your favorite FTP client can be used– Example (on the Mac): Fetch– Example (on the PC): WS_FTP

• Netscape 3.0 can be used to upload and download files!– Use the URL:

ftp://[email protected]/home/username/public_html/

Example:

ftp://[email protected]/home/psw/public_html/

Netscape as an FTP Client

• To send a file…select “Upload File” from the File menu.

You’ll be promptedfor the file name...


• To download a file…Hold down the SHIFT key while you click the file name. You will be prompted for a file name on your own machine.

• Common problem: theimage file/HTML file youselect is displayed ratherthan downloaded. Thismeans that you didn’t holddown SHIFT while clickingthe file. Click “Back” andtry again.


• Click on directory names to navigate down in your file tree.

• Click on the words “Up to higher level directory” to move back.

• You cannot create or remove directories from the Netscape FTP client; use another client or log in interactively and use the mkdir and rmdir commands to make and remove directories.

FTP By Hand

• From some machines (usually a Unix or DOS system) it may be necessary to use command-line FTP. Here’s how to upload “index.html” to your public_html directory…

C:\> ftp www.wshs.fcps.k12.va.us(log in with your username and password at the prompts)ftp> cd public_htmlftp> binaryftp> put index.htmlftp> quit

• Use the “get” command in place of “put” in order to download from the Web server to your machine.

Some Useful On-Line Tools

• In order to use these tools, you must be logged in to the server using telnet (or from the console). Files can be uploaded using any method you choose.

• Process image sizes automatically (saves time during download):– Command: wwwimagesize filename

Example: wwwimagesize index.html

– You can do this to a whole directory at once… wwwimagesize *.html


• Generate thumbnail images and an index page from a directory full of .jpg (JPEG) files. Useful for digital camera images.

– Within the directory, enter the command:

photoweb

– Conversion process is automatic.– If index.html already exists, conversion will not run (so as

to avoid overwriting valuable data).– If you’re running it more than once, userm *-small.jpg to remove the thumbnail images.


• Resize a GIF file.

– Within the directory, enter the command:

gifresize input-file scale-factor output-file

Example: generate a new image at 40% of original size gifresize test.gif 0.40 test-small.gif

– Wildcards (*) cannot be used by this command.– A corresponding tool exists for JPEG files. For example,

jpgresize test.jpg 0.65 test-small.jpg

creates a new image at 65% of original size.

How Do I Get More Help On...

• HTML?– Many good reference/tutorial books are available. Laura

Lemay’s “Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML” book is generally well-regarded.

– Find a page which does what you want, then use “View Source” to figure out how it does it.

• Server Policy Questions– Email Walt Sanford: [email protected]

• Server Operations and Software– Email Walt Sanford or Phil Wherry:[email protected]@wherry.com

Using the Web Publishing Services at WSHS February 24, 1997 Phil Wherry ([email protected]) Walt...

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