Using the

Periodic Table

The Atom– In the Nucleus (center)

• Protons = positive charge

• Neutrons = no charge, neutral

– Orbiting the nucleus

• Electrons = negative charge, tiny

Number of protons define the type of element!!!

3 Isotopes of Hydrogen

2 Isotopes of Carbon

Isotopes

The Periodic Table of Elements…

…is a tool to organize all the known elements.

Each block describes a unique element.

Understanding the Information in Each Block

What are

chemical symbols,

Atomic number, and

mass number?

Beryllium

Sodium HeliumHydrogen

What about the bold line that looks like stair steps?

Metals and Nonmetals.–metal properties

–Luster

–Conductive

–Malleable

–Ductile

–nonmetal properties–Dull

–Nonconductive

–Brittle

Metalloids share properties of metals and nonmetals.

Columns and Rows

– An atom can have up to 7 energy levels of electrons. – An element’s period (row) tells us the number of …

For example, a Sodium (Na) atom has ___ electron orbitals.

Flourine (F) has ___ electron orbitals.

– An element’s family (aka group) tells us ...– The outer 2 shells of the Group B elements are considered

valence electron orbits. We will be able to ignore Group B for now.

For example, a Sodium (Na) atom has ___ valence electron.

Flourine (F) has ____ valence electrons.

A background of the Periodic Table’s development

Mendeleev left blank spaces

Now for a little practice:

For carbon (C):

(a) How many electron shells does it have?

(b) How many valence electrons does it have?

(c) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

Answer for carbon (C):

(a) 2 electron shells

(b) 4 valence electrons

(c) nonmetal

For potassium (K):

(a) How many electron shells does it have?

(b) How many valence electrons does it have?

(c) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

Answer for potassium (K):

(a) 4 electron shells

(b) 1 valence electron

(c) metal

For copper (Cu):

(a) How many electron shells does it have?

(b) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

(c) How many protons does it have?

Answer for copper (Cu):

(a) 4 electron shells

(b) metal

(c) 29 protons

For uranium (U):

(a) How many electron shells does it have?

(b) Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

(c) How many protons does it have?

Answer for uranium (U):

(a) 7 electron shells

(b) metal

(c) 92 protons

Sources

• Tillery, Physical Science.

• www.chem4kids.com