Using Teeth to Determine the Evolutionary Lineage of the Great White Shark Sarah Elise Field Bailey...
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![Page 1: Using Teeth to Determine the Evolutionary Lineage of the Great White Shark Sarah Elise Field Bailey Keeler Elizabeth Lillard Kristin Oliver.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062417/551a234c55034619378b547a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Using Teeth to Determine the Evolutionary Lineage of
the Great White Shark
Sarah Elise Field Bailey Keeler Elizabeth Lillard Kristin Oliver
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Relating to Our Lectures:Craniate Relationships
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii
Vertebrates
CRAN
IATE
S
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Why Study Shark Tooth
Evolution?
• Sharks are cartilaginous • Teeth are calcified – long lasting• Good for pre-historic shark
morphology, predation techniques, and environmental conditions.
• Common ancestor with bony fishes: feeding behaviors can shed light on vertebrate feeding systems function and evolution. (Motta 2001, 132)
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Examples of Extinct Mako Teeth
• Sharp, needle like teeth usually indicate a diet consisting primarily of fish. Pointy teeth are good for catching streamlined-slippery prey.
• -elasmo-research.org (Images) -Shark Savers (text)
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Shortfin Mako Tooth
• A modern day Mako tooth.
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Megalodon Tooth
-Broadly Triangular, thick, with fine serrations.
-ReefQuest
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Otodus Obliquus
• A direct descendent of the Megalodon (Carcharocles megalodon). A more triangular smooth blade.
• ReefQuest
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Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)
Broadly triangular, flattened, coarsely serrated. –ReefQuest
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Teeth Through the Ages
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Other Shark Teeth Morphologies
• There are also benthic feeding sharks with plate-like teeth for crushing the shells of their prey, and filter feeders like the whale shark whose teeth are tiny and useless. (Shark Savers)
Australianmuseum.net
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MEGALODON
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Megalodon
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Megalodon-Great White Theory (pros)• Tooth morphology
– size and shape– Linnaean System (Early 1800’s)
• Heterochrony– Size and shape are a result of
differences in the timing of development • Vertebras
– similar
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Discrepancies
(Ciampaglio)
(Megalodon)
(Great White)
(Ancestral Mako)
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Carcharodon carcharias
http://www.badhaven.com/special-features/great-white-shark-origins-debunked-with-new-fossil-evidence/
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Carcharodon hastalis
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Carcharodon hubbelli at the Pisco Formation
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Carcharodon hubbelli
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C. hubbelli Vertebrae
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Other Examples of Shark Teeth
Lemon Shark Bull Shark
Tiger SharkNurse Shark
Whale Shark
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???????????
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Helicoprion!
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Early Theories
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Shift to Lower Jaw
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Most Current Theory
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Frill Shark!
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X 25 rows
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Conservation
Conservation: Studying shark teeth sheds light on feeding strategy and environmental
conditions which would allow conservationists to make more informed decisions
regarding the ecosystems and prey necessary to sustain a population of
Great Whites. Also, understanding their
evolution could shed light on the possible adaptive
strategies utilized by sharks in response to changing
environments.
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Further Research
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Any Questions?
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Citations• Castro, J. I. Great white sharks: The biology of carcharodon carcharias. 1998.
Ciampaglio, C. N., & Wray, G. A. Tracing the ancestry of the great white shark, carcharodon carcharias, using morphometric analyses of fossil teeth. 2006. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(4): 806.
Ebert, D., and L. Compagno. Chlamydoselachus Africana, a New Species of Frilled Shark from Southern Africa. 2009. Zootaxa 2173: n. pag. Web.
Ehret, Dana J. Origin of the White Shark Carcharodon (Lamniformes: Lamnidae) Based on Recalibration of the Upper Neogene Pisco Formation of Peru. 2012. Palaeontology 55.6: 1139-153. The Palaeontological Association. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.
Lebedev, O. A New Specimen of Helicoprion Karpinsky , 1899 from Kazakhstanian Cisurals and a New Reconstruction of Its Tooth Whorl and Function. 2009. Acta Zoologica 90: 171-82. Web.
Manning, P. Giant shark: Megalodon, prehistoric super predator. 2000. New York: Media Source.
Martin, A. Deep Sea: Frilled Shark. Deep Sea: Frilled Shark. 2003. N.p., Web. <http://elasmo-research.org/education/ecology/deepsea-frilled_shark.htm>.
Motta, Philip J., and Cheryl D. Wilga. Advances in the Study of Feeding Behaviors, Mechanisms, and Mechanics of Sharks. 2001. Environmental Biology of Fishes 60: 131-56.
Paul, L. & Fowler, S. (SSG Australia & Oceania Regional Workshop, March 2003) 2003. Chlamydoselachus anguineus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>
Purdy, R. The Orthodonty of Helicoprion. Smithsonian Department of Paleobiology, 2008. Web.
ReefQuest Center for Shark Research. Lamniformes: Mackerel Sharks. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/lamniformes.htm>.
Renz, Mark. Megalodon: Hunting the Hunter. 2002. PaleoPress.
Shark Savers Inc. Shark Teeth. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.sharksavers.org/en/education/biology/shark-teeth1/>.
Tanaka, S., Y. Shiobara, S. Hioki, H. Abe, G. Nishi, K. Yano, and K. Suzuki. The Reproductive Biology of the Frilled Shark, Chlamydoselachus Anguineus from Suruga Bay, Japan. 1990. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 37.3: n. pag. Web
Venice Florida dot com!. Venice Florida- Shark and Sharks’ Teeth Information. Shark Teeth-General Info. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.veniceflorida.com/shark.htm>.