Using Soil Amendments to Reuse Urban Land (PDF)
Transcript of Using Soil Amendments to Reuse Urban Land (PDF)
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Using Soil
Amendments to
Reuse Urban Land
Michele Mahoney, U.S. EPA
Office of Superfund Remediation &
Technology Innovation
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Recycles industrial
by-products
Restores soil
quality
Reduces exposure of
contaminant
Soil
Amendments
Overview
Background on soil amendments
Overview of Soil Amendments Paper
Soils and Urban Gardening
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What are Soil Amendments?
Residuals from other processes that:
• Have beneficial properties
• Reduce exposure by limiting the exposure
pathways and immobilizing contaminants
• Restore soil quality
• Enable site remediation, revegetation, and
reuse
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What are Soil Amendments?
• Biosolids
• Manures/Litters
• Sugar beet lime
• Wood ash
• Log yard waste
• Yard trimmings
• Composted food waste
• Neutralizing lime products
• Composted biosolids
• Composted agricultural byproducts
• Traditional agricultural
fertilizers
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Some Benefits
Restore soil health and structure
Decrease bioavailability of contaminants
Decrease mobility of contaminants
Decrease erosion
Reduce cost for remediation
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Mitigate Exposure
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Problems at Sites addressed by
Soil Amendments
Toxicity from contaminants
pH
Excess Sodium
Excess Salts
Soil Physical Properties
•Density, aggregation and texture
Nutrient Deficiencies
•Micronutrients (Zinc and Manganese)
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Contaminant Bioavailability/Phytoavailability
• Toxicity (inorganic)
• Toxicity (organic)
Poor Soil Health/Ecosystem Function
• High or Low pH
• Sodicity or Salinity
• Changes in Soil Physical Properties
• Nutrient Deficiencies and Low Fertility
Types of Problems Addressed by Soil
Amendments
Table 1
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Types of Problems Addressed by Soil
Amendments
Table 1
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Types of Sites Where Soil Amendments
Can Be Used
Table 2
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Types of Soil Amendments
Types of Soil Amendments Include:
Organics• Biosolids, Manures, Compost, Digestates, Pulp Sludges,
Yard/Wood Waste, Ethanol Production Byproducts
pH• Lime, Wood Ash, Coal Combustion Products, Sugar Beet
Lime, Cement/Lime Kiln, Red Mud, Lime-Stabilized Biosolids
Mineral• Foundry Sand, Steel Slag, Dredged Material,
Gypsum, Water Treatment Residuals, Coal Combustion Products
Table 3
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Types of Soil Amendments
Table 3
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Application Rates
The appropriate application rate depends on the specific
concern to be addressed.
The amount of amendments added to the soil can be a
qualitative or quantitative decision.
Typically, higher application rates of soil amendments are
required when rebuilding soil, rather than simply
enhancing damaged soil.
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Logistics and Other Considerations in
Using Soil Amendments
Table 4
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Logistics and Other Considerations in
Using Soil Amendments
Other considerations include:
• Availability
• Public considerations
–Public outreach
–Odor
–Demonstrations
• Costs
• Long-term maintenance
• Monitoring
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Comparison of Different Application
Systems Used in Remediation
Table 5
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Regulatory Requirements for Sites Using
Selected Soil Amendments
Includes Federal and State Regulations
Table 6
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Michele Mahoney
US EPA OSWER
Technology Innovation & Field Services Division
Phone: (703) 603-9057
Email: [email protected]
The Use of Soil Amendments for Remediation, Revitalization, and Reuse
http://www.clu-in.org/download/remed/epa-542-r-07-013.pdf