Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
of 118
Transcript of Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
1/118
HI_GQ Q|wlu ?32?;1
Mexgf |jg fwdog ih gaiquq|gdqgxeag dbng|q ef isgb|eif |ilbu,bfl |jg wmgf| fggl hi aiq| ghheaegf|bssibajgq hi sgqgxefm GQ, fi} eq
|jg |edg |i elgf|ehu }jb| }inq bfl}jb| ligq fi| }jgf lgqemfefm bflgfaiwbmefm GQ dbng|q&
Ai`g, Jbqqg`q|d, Gfmnxeq|, Qlgrxeq|
Wqefm dbng|q |iqwss`u gaiquq|gdqgxeagqJi} |i dbng e| jbssgf
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
2/118
?32? HI_GQ
Wqefm dbng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgfQai|| Ai`g, @efwq Jbqqg`q|d, Hbffu Gfmnxeq|, \ig Qlgrxeq|
Heq| sef|, flq| gle|eif
HI_GQ, Og``dbfqmb|bf 23, QG$22: ?3 Q|ianji`d, Q]GLGF
.
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
3/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
4/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
5/118
Wqefm dbng|q |iqwss`u gaiquq|gd
qgxeagqJi} |i dbng e| jbssgf
Qai|| Ai`g@efwq Jbqqg`q|d
Hbffu Gfmnxeq|\ig Qlgrxeq|
hirgq q|wlu?32?;1
HI_GQ, ?32?
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
6/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
7/118
HI_GQHiwd hi _ghidq, Gf|gsgfgwqjes bfl Qwq|befb$
oe`e|ueq b |jefn |bfn |jb| qggnq |i gfg} |jg lgob|g ef Q}glgf
}e|j b og`egh ef gf|gsgfgwqjes bfl issi|wfe|egq hi sgis`g
|i qjbsg |jge i}f `exgq&
Gfxeifdgf| bfl |jg dbng| gaifidu, demb|eif, gf|gsgfgw$qjes bfl aexe` qiaeg|u, ef|gme|u, mgflg grwb`e|u, m`iob` lgdiab|eqb$
|eif bfl dilgfeqb|eif ih }g`hbg|jgqg bg qidg ih |jg eqqwgq if
}jeaj }g hiawq& HI_GQ eq bf isgf bfl eflgsgflgf| hiwd hi aexe`
qiaeg|u, bablgdeaq bfl si`eau dbngq |jiwmjiw| Q}glgf bfl Gw$
isg& \img|jg }e|j sgis`g ef Q}glgf bfl boibl, }g }e`` flfl qi$
`w|eifq |i og||g dgg| |jg ajb``gfmgq |jb| m`iob`eqb|eif bfl a`edb|g
ajbfmg oefmq& ]g hwfa|eif bq b `efn og|}ggf |jg aexe` qiaeg|u, gf$
|gsgfgwq, si`eaudbngq bfl qgeiwq gqgbaj& HI_GQ silwagq
gqgbaj sbsgq bfl oiinq, bfl imbfeqgq qgdefbq bfl lgob|gq&
Xeqe| iw }gosbmg }}}&higq&qg
Boiw| HI_GQ
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
8/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
9/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
10/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
11/118
Qai|| Ai`g eq bf gfxeifdgf|b` gaifideq| bfl i}fg ih Gfxei$
Gaifideaq Q}glgf Aifqw`|bfau *GGQ}glgf%& Jeq }in hiawqgq if
xb`wefm gfxeifdgf|b` `iqqgq hi |jg swsiqg ih gfqwefm blgrwb|g
gfxeifdgf|b` aidsgfqb|eif sbudgf|q |i |jg swo`ea& Bq bf gzsg|
ef |jg ef|gleqaes`efbu bqqgqqdgf| ih gfxeifdgf|b` `iqqgq, Qai|| eq
gmw`b`u efxe|gl |i qsgbn b| aifhggfagq& Jg jbq bw|jigl gaifidea
bfb`uqgq bfl si`eau mwelbfag hi b xbeg|u ih a`egf|q efa`wlefm |jg WQGSB, |jg WQ FIBB, |jg Q}gleqj GSB, bfl |jg GW& Qai|| gagexgl jeq
Obajg`iq hid Lwng Wfexgqe|u ef Fi|j Abi`efb, WQB *2555% bfl
jeq Sj&L& hid |jg Q}gleqj Bmeaw`|wb` Wfexgqe|u ef Wdg *?32?%&
Hbffu Gfmnxeq| ji`lq b obajg`iq lgmgg ef Gfxeifdgf|b` Dbf$
bmgdgf| hid |jg Q}gleqj Wfexgqe|u ih Bmeaw`|wg Qaegfag& Qjg jbq
qsgaefla nfi}`glmg ih gfxeifdgf|b` bqsga|q ih bmeaw`|wg, aiddw$
feab|eif bfl gzsgegfag ih }in ef FMIq& Hbffu eq awgf|`u liefm
bf ef|gfqjes b| HI_GQ&
@efwq Jbqqg`q|d eq bf gfxeifdgf|b` gaifideq| b| Gfxgai&
Sei |i kiefefm Gfxgai ef ?33=, @efwq }ingl }e|j |jg xb`wb|eif ih
gaiquq|gd qgxeagq b| |jg Ogekg Efq|e|w|g ih Gai`imeab` Gaifideaq,
Q|ianji`d bfl |bwmj| gaifideaq b| Q|ianji`d Wfexgqe|u& Bdifm
i|jg |jefmq, @efwq jbq }ingl if gaifidea bfb`uqgq ih si`eau efq|w$dgf|q, xb`wb|eif ih gaiquq|gd qgxeagq ef xbeiwq gfxeifdgf|q,
bfl aiq|$ogfgfl| bfb`uqgq& @efwq hgrwgf|`u |gbajgq gfxeifdgf|b`
gaifideaq b| Qlg|f Wfexgqe|u&
\ig Qlgrxeq| eq ajbedbf ih |jg oibl b| Gfxgai& \ig lel
jeq wflgmblwb|g bfl mblwb|g q|wlegq b| |jg Q|ianji`d Qajii`
ih Gaifideaq bfl lghgflgl jeq Sj&L& |jgqeq ef 2557& Jg ogabdg
Bqqiaeb|g Sihgqqi ih Gaifideaq ef ?331& Hid 2558 |i ?338, jg
Boiw| |jg Bw|jiq
ze
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
12/118
zee
}bq b gqgbajg b| |jg Ogekg Efq|e|w|g ih Gai`imeab` Gaifideaq,
Q|ianji`d& Jeq }in hiawqgq if xb`wb|eif ih gaiquq|gd qgxeagq bflaiq|$ogfgfl| bfb`uqeq, bfl efa`wlgq i|jg gfxeifdgf|b` gaifidea
eqqwgq qwaj bq gfxeifdgf|b` si`eau lgqemf& Jg eq b gmw`b `ga|wg b|
wfexgqe|u aiwqgq ef gfxeifdgf|b` gaifideaq if |jg mblwb|g bfl
wflgmblwb|g `gxg`q& \ig b`qi jbq gz|gfqexg gzsgegfag aiddwfe$
ab|efm aids`gz gqgbaj gqw`|q hi |jg sisw`b sgqq&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
13/118
zeeezeee
Dbfu fb|eifq bg fi} efawefm efagbqefm gfxeifdgf|b`
aiq|q lwg |i |jg lgmblb|eif ih gaiquq|gd qgxeagq, }jeaj bg |jg
ogfgfl|q fb|wg sixelgq, qwaj bq |jg si``efb|eif ih aisq i |jg
qwss`u ih lefnefm }b|g&\jeq q|wlu gzs`igq |jg siqqeoe`e|u |i wqg
dbng|q |i sgqgxg |jgqg gaiquq|gd qgxeagq& E| flflq |jb| dbng|q
hi gaiquq|gd qgxeagq jbxg |jg si|gf|eb` |i jg`s qbhgmwbl hw|wg
sixeqeif ih |jgqg xb`wbo`g qgxeagq aiq|$gfiaegf|`u bfl |jb| qwaj
dbng|q dbu gsgqgf| b aids`gdgf|bu efq|wdgf| ef si`eau$dbn$
gq |ii`oiz& Dbng|q lexgf ou aidsgfqb|eif grwegdgf|q jbxg |jg
mgb|gq| si|gf|eb`, bfl ef ilg hi dbng|q |i gdgmg bfl hwfa|eif,
mixgfdgf|q dwq| s`bu b ngu i`g ou |bnefm q|gsq |i q|edw`b|g bfl gq$
|bo`eqj |jgqg fg} dbng|q&
Boiw| |jg Q|wlu
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
14/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
15/118
zxzx
\jg `bq| lgablg jbq lgdifq|b|gl |jg lgsgflgfag ih
dilgf gaifidegq if |jg gqqgf|eb` qgxeagq sixelgl ou fb|wg,
e&g&, |jiqg qgxeagq |jb| }g jbxg `ifm |bngf hi mbf|gl qwaj bq
|jg lgsgflgfag ih dilgf bmeaw`|wg if |jg qeds`g qgxeag ih
si``efb|eif ou oggq bfl i|jg efqga|q& ]e|jiw| qwaj gaiquq|gd
qgxeagq |jg silwa|eif ih hiil, lefnefm }b|g bfl gmw`b|eif ih
|jg a`edb|g, bfl diq| i|jg jwdbf ba|exe|egq, }iw`l og qwokga| |i
|gdgfliwq aiq|q&
]e|j |jeq obanmiwfl, gaiquq|gd qgxeagq jbq ogaidg |jg ow{{$
}il hi |jg _ei qwdde| ih ?32?, }jeaj eq b hi``i} ws |i _eiq 255?
Gb|j Qwdde|& Ef 255?, `gblgq bmggl if Bmgflb ?2, }jeaj `bel
iw| sefaes`gq hi qwq|befbo`g lgxg`isdgf| if m`iob` bq }g`` bq `iab`
`gxg`q, bfl agb|gl |jg Aifagf|eif if Oei`imeab` Lexgqe|u& \jgqgo`wgsef|q `bel |jg miwfl hi effwdgbo`g gfxeifdgf|b` ba|eif
simbdq, ow| ?3 ugbq `b|g |jg qe|wb|eif eq fgxg|jg`gqq lgsgqq$
efm& \jg si`eaegq ih 255? jbxg fi| oggf qwfiaegf|`u aifag|g |i q|is
|jg bsel lgs`g|eif ih gai`imeab` gqiwagq& Dig |jbf |}i$|jelq
ih b`` gaiquq|gd qgxeagq bg ef lga`efg& Hw|jg, |jg bmgflb ih |jg
?32? qwdde| jbq bf baw|g `ban ih aifag|g sisiqb`q i qsgaefla
aidde|dgf|q |i b`|g |jeq |gfl&Ifg ih |jg }buq hi}bl eq |i agb|g dbng|q hi gaiquq|gd qg$
xeagq, }jgg |jg ba|wb` xb`wg ih |jgqg qgxeagq eq gxgb`gl ou dbnefm
|jg wqgq ih |jg qgxeagq sbu hi |jg qwss`u&
Ji} abf |jgqg dbng|q og agb|gl9 ]jb| |usgq ih gzbds`gq gzeq|
|ilbu9 \jg bw|jiq, gfxeifdgf|b` gaifideq|q b| Gfxgai, Gfxe$
iGaifideaq Q}glgf, bfl HI_GQ, jbxg bss`egl bablgdea emi |i
lgxg`is b sba|eab` bssibaj |i bllgqq |jgqg ajb``gfmgq&
Hig}il
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
16/118
zxe
Wqefm dbng|q |i sgqgxg |jg gfxeifdgf| eq fi| fg}& Bq gb`u
bq |jg 25=3q gmeifb` gdeqqeifq dbng|q }gg qg| ws ef |jg Wfe|gl
Q|b|gq }jgg dbng|q s`bugl b awaeb` i`g ef |jg bael bef simbd,
}jeaj jg`sgl glwag gdeqqeifq hid qw`sjw leizelg& \jg diq|
aiddif gdeqqeifq dbng| |ilbu eq aiffga|gl |i glwaefm aboif
gdeqqeifq, }jgg |jg GWq Gdeqqeifq \blefm Quq|gd *G\Q% eq |jg
diq| }g`` nfi}f gzbds`g&
\ilbu |jgg bg b| `gbq| 15 ba|exg m`iob` dbng|q hi oeilexgqe|u,
7= }b|g rwb`e|u dbng|q, bfl bf gzsbflefm aboif leizelg dbng|&Obqgl if |jgqg gzbds`gq, |jg bw|jiq leqawqq }ju qidg gaiquq$
|gd qgxeagq bg dig qwe|bo`g hi dbng|q |jbf i|jgq& \jg q|wlu
wflgqaigq |jg edsi|bfag ih ogefm bo`g |i dgbqwg bfl rwbf|ehu
gaiquq|gd qgxeagq ef ilg |i agb|g hwfa|eifb` dbng|q& \jeq b`qi
`gblq |i |jg aifa`wqeif |jb| si$ba|exg mixgfdgf|q bg awaeb`
oi|j hi gq|bo`eqjefm dbng|q bfl hi dbfbmefm dbng| iw|aidgq&
Mixgfdgf|q b`qi s`bu b ngu i`g ef gq|bo`eqjefm |jg gmw`b|eifq
|jb| efhid dbng| sb|eaesbf|q ih |jg xb`wgq b| q|bng& ]g``$
lgqemfgl gmw`b|eif abf `gbl |i |jg lgxg`isdgf| ih aids`ebfag$
lexgf dbng|q& \jgg eq b ajeangf$bfl$gmm sio`gd ef |jb| dbng|q
bg wf`eng`u |i lgxg`is }e|jiw| b agleo`g quq|gd hi dgbqwefm i
b awgfau ih gzajbfmg hi leffiggf| qgxeagq, ow| }e|jiw| dbng|q
|jg edsg|wq hi edsixefm dgbqwgdgf| }e`` og `i}& Ji}gxg, |jeqsio`gd dbu og ixgaidg |jiwmj a`gb dbng| mwelg`efgq bfl |jg
fb|wb` db|wb|eif ih dbng|q ixg |edg& Hw|jg, mixgfdgf|q abf
bfl qjiw`l qg| ws se`i| sikga|q |i |gq| |jg }b|gq bfl lgxg`is xb`w$
bo`g `gqqifq oghig gq|bo`eqjefm `ifm$|gd dbng|q&
]g sgqgf| |jeq gsi| bq hiil hi |jiwmj| hi |jiqg }ji }eqj
|i jbq|gf |jg si|ga|eif ih xb`wbo`g gaiquq|gd qgxeagq ef sb$
|eaw`b, |jg si`eau$dbngq mb|jggl ef _ei ef Kwfg ?32?& Ou elgf|ehu$
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
17/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
18/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
19/118
zezzez
\jg bw|jiq }iw`l `eng |i |jbfn HI_GQ hi qwssi|efm |jeq
}in bfl mexefm wq |jg issi|wfe|u |i gzs`ig |jeq gdgmefm
flg`l& ]g }iw`l b`qi `eng |i |jbfn _io Lg``efn *IGAL%, Ebf Leaneg
*gh|ga% bfl \jggqg @eflbj` *Ogekg Efq|e|w|g ih Gai`imeab` Gai$
fideaq% hi |jge xb`wbo`g hggloban if bf gb`eg lbh|, bq }g`` bq
|jg sb|eaesbf|q b| |jg Q|ianji`d .
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
20/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
21/118
zzezze
Dbng|q hi gaiquq|gd qgxeagq jbxg |jg si|gf|eb` |i
jg`s qbhgmwbl |jg hw|wg sixeqeif ih |jgqg qgxeagq
aiq|$gfiaegf|`u&
Dbng|q qjiw`l og qggf bq b aids`gdgf| |i gzeq|efm
si`eau efq|wdgf|q, b|jg |jbf b gs`bagdgf|&
Dbng|q lexgf ou aidsgfqb|eif grwegdgf|q jbxg |jg
`bmgq| si|gf|eb` hi hw|wg gzsbfqeif&
\jg |gd Gaiquq|gd Qgxeagq *GQ% eq bf efagbqefm`u sisw`b }bu
|i ghg |i |jg elgb |jb| hwfa|eifefm gaiquq|gdq sixelg qiaeg|u
}e|j xb`wbo`g ogfgfl|q&Sikga|q qwaj bq |jg De``gffewd Gaiquq|gd Bqqgqqdgf| *DB%
bfl \jg Gaifideaq ih Gaiquq|gdq bfl Oeilexgqe|u *\GGO% jbxg
qwaagqqhw``u beqgl b}bgfgqq ih GQ ef sb| ou jemj`emj|efm |jg
si|gf|eb``u `bmg aiq|q bqqiaeb|gl }e|j hw|jg lgmblb|eif& Eh aw$
gf| |gflq aif|efwg, |jgg eq b eqn ih gbajefm i sbqqefm gaiquq$
|gd |jgqji`lq, }jeaj dbu `gbl |i `bmg bfl egxgqeo`g |bfqhi$
db|eifq ih |jg qgxeagq }g |bng hi mbf|gl $ qwaj bq a`gbf be bfl}b|g, gagb|eif, si``efb|eif ih aisq, |jg sixeqeif ih hiil, flog,
hwg` g|a& Hw|jg, GQ lgmblb|eif dbu `gbl |i efagbqgl efgrwb`e|egq
ogabwqg dbfu ih |jg }i`lq siigq| sgis`g }iw`l og leqsisi$
|eifb``u bffiga|gl&
Lgqse|g |jg ogfgfl|q |jb| GQ sixelg qiaeg|u |jgu bg ogaidefm
efagbqefm`u qabag, qwmmgq|efm |jb| gzeq|efm si`eaegq bg efqwh$flaegf|& Fgb`u |}i$|jelq ih m`iob` GQ bg ef lga`efg& \jg fggl hi
Gzgaw|exg Qwddbu
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
22/118
zzee
q|ea|g gfxeifdgf|b` gmw`b|eifq lwg |i m`iob` gqiwag qabae|u
bfl sisw`b|eif mi}|j, |img|jg }e|j `ede|gl swo`ea owlmg|q higfxeifdgf|b` si|ga|eif, jbq grwegl aif|efwiwq`u fg} bfl
dig effixb|exg }buq |i ob`bfag gaifidea mi}|j bfl |jg gfxe$
ifdgf|&
\jg ajb``gfmg hi dbfbmefm GQ eq |i agb|g efagf|exgq qi |jb| |jg
m`iob` gaifidea quq|gd gaimfe{gq bfl efaisib|gq |jg ogfgfl|q
ih GQ ef|i lbe`u |bfqba|eifq bfl lgaeqeif$dbnefm&
]g``$hwfa|eifefm dbng|q jbxg |jg si|gf|eb` |i sixelg |jgqg
|usgq ih efagf|exgq ou g}blefm |jiqg }ji efagbqg |jg qwss`u
ih GQ bfl ou dbnefm e| aiq|`u hi |jiqg }ji lbdbmg |jgd& Mexgf
qabag swo`ea gqiwagq, b si`eau efq|wdgf| |jb| bedq |i bajegxg b
mexgf `gxg` ih si|ga|eif b| |jg `i}gq| siqqeo`g aiq| eq b||ba|exg bq
b aids`gdgf|bu |ii` ef b lgaeqeif$dbngq |ii`oiz&
Gaiquq|gd Qgxeagq Dbng|q *GQ Dbng|q% bg fi| b fg} sjg$fidgfif& Bq ih ?323 |jgg }gg 15 ba|exg m`iob` dbng|q |bmg|efm
oeilexgqe|u, }e|j |bfqba|eifq |i|b`efm dig |jbf ?&5 oe``eif WQL,
7= ba|exg }b|g rwb`e|u dbng|q, bfl xi`wf|bu aboif dbng|q
|blefm 212 de``eif |ifq ih AI? *qgg b`qi \bo`g GQ$2%&
\jeq gsi| gzbdefgq |jg si|gf|eb` hi GQ dbng|q |i efagbqg
|jg qwss`u ih GQ ef b aiq|$gfiaegf| dbffg& ]g gxeg} b bsel`u
gzsbflefm `e|gb|wg if dbng|$obqgl bssibajgq |i gaiquq|gddbfbmgdgf| ef ilg |i oibl`u bllgqq |jg hi``i}efm rwgq|eifq;
]ju bg |jgg dbng|q hi qidg GQ ow| fi| i|jgq bfl
}jb| bg |jg fgagqqbu sg$aifle|eifq hi lgxg`isefm bf
GQ dbng|9
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
23/118
zzeeezzeee
]jb| bg |jg q|gfm|jq bfl }gbnfgqqgq ih leffiggf| lex$
gq ogjefl GQ dbng|q9
Ji} demj| swo`ea si`eaegq q|edw`b|g gffiga|exg dbng|q9
]jb| eq |jg mixgfdgf|q i`g $ }jgf qjiw`l e| ba| bfl
}jgf qjiw`l e| mg| iw| ih |jg }bu9
]g elgf|ehu |jgg lexefm hiagq ogjefl gzeq|efm GQ dbng|q; gmw$
`b|iu aids`ebfag, ghgefm |i dbng|q lexgf ou gmw`b|eif bfl
gfhiagdgf|, qwaj bq abs$bfl$|blg dbng|q> |bzsbug$hwflgl
efe|eb|exgq, ghgefm |i dbng|q |jb| wqg swo`ea hwflq |i sbu ba|iq
hi |jg qwss`u ih GQ, bflxi`wf|bu dbng|q, ghgefm |i dbng|q
|jb| bg lexgf ou owqefgqq di|exgq i g|jeab` aifagfq&
\jg dbkie|u ih |jg dbng|q |ilbu bg lexgf ou |bzsbug$hwflgl efe|eb|exgq i gmw`b|iu aids`ebfag& ]g flfl |jb| |jg
gmw`b|iu aids`ebfag lexg eq |jg diq| sideqefm ef |gdq ih
wf`gbqjefm dbng|q si|gf|eb` |i efagbqg |jg hw|wg qwss`u ih
GQ, mexgf |jg `ede|gl qaisg ih xi`wf|bu dbng|q bfl |jg jemj
flqab` aiq|q ih |bzsbug$hwflgl efe|eb|exgq& Ef aids`ebfag$lexgf
dbng|q |jg mixgfdgf| eq bo`g |i dbfbmg dbng| iw|aidgq bq e|
lgaelgq }jeaj GQ bg diq| |jgb|gfgl)xb`wbo`g *bfl |jwq esg hi bdbng|%, ji} dwaj ih |jgd qjiw`l og si|ga|gl, bfl |jg |edg`efg
ixg }jeaj |jb| si|ga|eif qjiw`l iaaw&
Bq \bo`g GQ$2 qji}q, dbfu GQ bg aixggl ou dbng|q |ilbu,
ge|jg lega|`u |jiwmj |jg |blg ih qsgaefla GQ, i eflega|`u lwg
|i |jg `efnbmgq og|}ggf GQ& Hi gzbds`g, jboe|b| dbng|q `eng`u
bffi
ga| dbfu GQ |jiwmj |jg edsi|bfag ih jboe|b|q hi oeilexg$qe|u, }jeaj jbq b hwflbdgf|b` i`g hi |jg qwss`u ih diq| i|jg GQ&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
24/118
zzex
Qidg GQ bssgb |i og og||g qwe|gl |jbf i|jgq hi dbng|q lwg |i
|jge efjggf| ajbba|geq|eaq& \jg hi``i}efm ajbba|geq|eaq bgsb|eaw`b`u edsi|bf|;
Dgbqwboe`e|u bfl lexeqeoe`e|u& \jg qwaagqq ih
aboif dbng|q eq `eng`u g`b|gl |i qi$ab``gl aboif
leizelg grwexb`gf|q *ALG% |jb| aifxg| gdeqqeifq ih
qez mggfjiwqg mbqgq ef|i b qefm`g awgfau, }jeaj eq
aiffga|gl |i b ajbfmg ef gaiquq|gd hwfa|eif *a`edb|g
gmw`b|eif%, }jeaj eq |jgf `efngl |i qwoqgrwgf| edsba|q
if jwdbf }g``$ogefm |jb| bg rwbf|eflgl ef difg|bu
|gdq *g&m&, edsba|q ih hbdefg, si|gf|eb` }bq, iilq,
g|a&%& \i gfqwg dbng| |bfqba|eifq efxi`xefm GQ `gbl |i
gfiaegf| iw|aidgq |jeq, aids`gz bfl edsi|bf| eqqwg ih
dgbqwboe`e|u fgglq |i og bllgqqgl&
Boe`e|u |i bqqemf bfl gfhiag sisg|u emj|q&
Dbng| sb|eaesbf|q dwq| og a`gb`u lgflfgl $$ }ji |i
sbu, }ji |i owu hid bfl |jge ba|eifq fggl sglea|$
bo`g `gmb` si|ga|eif oghig dbng|q abf hwfa|eif&
Mixgfdgf|q i`g ef bfu hw|wg lgxg`isdgf| ih GQ dbng|q fgglq|i og qemfeflabf| |i gfqwg grwe|bo`g bfl gfxeifdgf|b``u$lgqe$
bo`g iw|aidgq, ow| |jeq grwegq b ob`bfag; }jgf qjiw`l mixgf$
dgf|q ba| bfl }jgf qjiw`l |jgu mg| iw| ih |jg }bu9 ]g qwmmgq|
|jb| mixgfdgf|q s`bu b q|ifm bfl bw|jie|b|exg i`g ef lgqemf$
efm, bfl q|edw`b|efm wflgxg`isgl dbng|q, gfhiaefm bmggl$wsif
dbng| w`gq ef gzeq|efm dbng|q ow| dbef|befefm b `beqqg{ hbegbssibaj |i `g||efm db|wg dbng|q lg`exg gfiaegf| iw|aidgq&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
25/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
26/118
zzxe
8% Efagbqg fb|wb` bfl qiaeb` qaegfag gzsg|eqg ou
hwflefm gqgbaj |i edsixg dgbqwgdgf| ih GQ ef b}bu |jb| hbae`e|b|gq dbng| |bfqba|eifq&
=% Efhid gzeq|efm bfl si|gf|eb` dbng| sb|eaesbf|q *bfl
|jg swo`ea% ih |jg xb`wgq b| q|bng bfl |jg ogfgfl|q ih GQ
dbng|q&
:% Aif|efwg |i |bng fi|g ih `gqqifq `gbfgl& Mexgf
|jg xbq| fwdog ih GQ dbng|q ef isgb|eif |ilbu, |jgg
bg bds`g issi|wfe|egq hi aif|efwefm |i q|wlu }jb|
}inq bfl }jb| ligq fi|& B hg} gagf| `gqqifq efa`wlg
|jg hi``i}efm;
og }gbu ih bf gza`wqexg hiawq if lgxg`isefm dbng|q hiGQ |jb| bg gbqe`u dgbqwgbo`g, bq |jgqg qgxeagq dbu fi|
fgagqqbe`u og |jg diq| xb`wbo`g>
og abghw` fi| |i gza`wlg qdb`` qab`g GQ qwss`egq |jiwmj
defedwd qe{g grwegdgf|q hi qg``gq $$ |jeq dbu
glwag dbng| |bfqba|eif aiq|q, ow| e| b`qi glwagq |jg
fwdog ih si|gf|eb` dbng| sb|eaesbf|q> bfl
Dbng|q dbu fi| og elgb` }jgf lgb`efm }e|j GQ *2% |jb|
bg jbl |i dgbqwg *g&m&, qiaeb` g`b|eifq, qgfqg ih s`bag,
aw`|wb` jge|bmg xb`wgq%, *?% hi }jeaj e| eq lefiaw`| |i
gq|bo`eqj bfl)i gfhiag sisg|u emj|q *g&m&, si``efb$
|eif, sji|iquf|jgqeq%, *1% hi }jeaj |jgg eq `e||`g lgdbfl
*g&m&, bowflbf| gqiwagq% i *
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
27/118
zzxeezzxee
GQ |jb| dbu og dig g`gxbf| hi dbng|q efa`wlg}b|g
gmw`b|eif, aw`|wb` lexgqe|u, bgq|jg|ea xb`wg, gagb|eif)gai$
|iweqd, be rwb`e|u, a`edb|g gmw`b|eif, fw|egf| aua`efm, bfl
}b|g aua`efm& Gxgf eh qidg ih |jgqg GQ li fi| sghga|`u
hw`fl`` |jg ae|geb ih dgbqwboe`e|u bfl)i gfhiagbo`g
sisg|u emj|q, |jgu gdbef miil abflelb|gq hi GQ
dbng|q&
5% @bwfaj bfl gxb`wb|g se`i| simbdq }jgg |jg
lgqemf ih hw|wg dbng|q abf og |gq|gl `iab``u bfl
edsixgl oghig b `bmg qab`g gffii| eq `bwfajgl&
23% Gq|bo`eqj aids`ebfag$lexgf dbng|q& Mixgf$
dgf|q `iinefm |i |bng si$ba|exg dgbqwgq |i gfaiwbmg
GQ dbng|q aiw`l *2% gfhiag gzeq|efm, i lgxg`is fg},
aidsgfqb|eif gmw`b|eifq |jb| grweg iffiqg||efm *g&m&,oeilexgqe|u iffiqg|q% bfl)i *?% gfaiwbmg abs$bfl$
|blg dbng|q ou `ede|efm |jg |i|b` b``i}bo`g gdeqqeifq
ih gbqe`u$dgbqwbo`g si``w|bf|q& Ef aids`ebfag$lexgf
dbng|q |jg mixgfdgf| gq|bo`eqjgq |jg rwbf|e|u ih
gqiwag |i og si|ga|gl *q|edw`b|efm lgdbfl% bfl |jgf
`g|q |jg dbng| b``iab|g |jb| si|ga|eif bdifm qwss`e$
gq bq gfiaegf|`u bq siqqeo`g& \jgqg aids`ebfag$lexgfdgajbfeqdq jbxg |jg mgb|gq| si|gf|eb` hi hw|wg GQ
dbng| gzsbfqeif&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
28/118
zzxeee
Dbng| lexg
Gaiquq|gdQgxeag
_gmw`b|iuaids`ebfag
\bzsbug$hwflgl
Xi`wf|bu
Qwssi|efm Qie` hidb|eif
Sji|iquf|jgqeq
Sedbu silwa|eif
Fw|egf| aua`efm Fe|imgf dbng|q SGQ o`wgdwqqg`q
]b|g aua`efm ]b|g rwb`e|udbng|q
Miwfl}b|gsi|ga|eifqajgdgq
_gmw`b|efm Be rwb`e|ugmw`b|eif
Qw`sjw leizelgsgde|q
A edb|g gmw`b|eif Aboif abs (|blg dbng|q
_GLL A`edb|g aidsgf$qb|eif efe|eb|exgq
]b|g gmw`b|eif Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, }g|`bfl
agb|eif%
Giqeif gmw`b|eif
]b|g sweflab|eif ]e `bdg||gsb|fgqjes
]b|gqjgl SGQ ]b|gqjgl SGQ
Leqgbqg gmw`b|eif
Sgq| gmw`b|eif
Si``efb|eif
Fb|wb` jb{blgmw`b|eif
Sixeqeifefm+ Hiil Heqjgegq rwi|bq Heqjefm
xgqqg`q owuiw|qajgdgq
Heqjefm bfl jwf|$
efm `eagfqgq
Heog
Hwg`
Mgfg|ea gqiwagq Baagqq ( ogfgfl|qjbefm
Oeiajgdeab`q
Ifbdgf|b`gqiwagq
Hgqj }b|g ]b|g rwb`e|udbng|q
GQ$2& Gzbds`gq ih lega| bfl eflega| dbng|q |jb| |b$mg| Gaiquq|gd Qgxeagq *GQ%*Gaiquq|gd Qgxeag ab|gmiegq obqgl if |jg De``gffewd Gaiquq|gd Bqqgqqdgf|%
\usg ih GQ dbng|; Lega| Eflega|
+ Iw |bo`g hiawqgq if dbng|q |jb| efagbqg |jg qwss`u ih GQ bfl gza`wlgq aiddile|u dbng|q |jb| bg lgsgflgf|if sixeqeifb` GQ *g&m&, sjbdbagw|eab` silwa|q ^Oeiajgdeab`qT, mi`l ^Ifbdgf|b` gqiwagqT, |edog ^Hwg`T, g|a%&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
29/118
zzezzzez
Aw`|wb` Aw`|wb` lexgqe|u Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, |jiwmj jbo$e|b| obfnefm%
Nfi}`glmg quq$|gdq
Glwab|eifb` xb`wgq
Efqseb|eif
Bgq|jg|ea xb`wgq Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, |jiwmj jbo$e|b| obfnefm%
Qiaeb` g`b|eifq
Qgfqg ih s`bag
Aw`|wb` jge|bmgxb`wgq
_gagb|eif bfl ga$i|iweqd
Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Heqjefm bfl jwf|$efm `eagfqgq, sbnhggq
\usg ih GQ dbng|; Lega| Eflega|
Baagqq bfl ogfgfl| qjbefm Sjbdbagw|eab`qbfl oei|gaj, qgg g&m& GD *?32?o%&
Bme$gfxeifdgf|b` qajgdgq Hi gzbds`g |jgGW ABS& Qgg g&m& |jg oegh ixg xeg} ou |jg Gwisg$bf Aiddeqqeif; j| |s;))ga&gwisb&gw)bmeaw`|wg)swo`e)absgzs`befgl)absYgf&slh
Aboif abs bfl |blg dbng|q Hi gzbds`g |jgGW Gdeqqeifq \blefm Quq|gd *GW G\Q% Qgg g&m&GA *?335%&
A`edb|g aidsgfqb|eif efe|eb|exgq Qgg g&m& Xi`$wf|bu Ab oif Higq| u ef GD *?32?o%&
Heqjgegq rwi|bq Hi gzbds`g ef Fg} [gb`bfl,qgg g&m& GD *?32?o%&
Heqjefm bfl jwf|efm `eagfqgq qgg g&m& GD*?32?o%&
Heqjefm xgqqg` owuiw| qajgdgq Hi gzbds`gef Lgfdbn bfl Fi}bu, qgg g&m& [bflgqgf g| b`&*?335%&
Miwfl}b|g si|ga|eif qajgdgq qgg g&m& GD*?32?o%&
Jboe|b| obfnefm Hi bf ixgxeg}, qgg g&m& gh|gag| b`& *?323%&
Fe|imgf dbng|q Hi gzbds`g ef @ifm Eq`bfl,WQB& Qgg g&m& Qg`dbf g| b`& *?335%&
SGQ o`wg dwqqg`q Hi gzbds`g ef |jg Ob`|ea Qgb,Q}glgf& Qgg g&m& [bflgqgf g| b`& *?335%&
_GLL \jg Wfe|gl Fb|eifq Ai``boib|exg Si$mbddg if _glwaefm Gdeqqeifq hid Lghigq|b$|eif bfl Higq| Lgmblb|eif ef Lgxg`isefm Aiwf$|egq Qgg g&m& }}}&wf$gll&im
Qw`sjw leizelg sgde|q Hi gzbds`g ef Gbq|gfWQB& Qgg g&m& WQGSB *?33?%&
Xi`wf|bu oeilexgqe|u ihhqg|q Hi gzbds`gOOIS *oois&higq|$|gflq&im)%
]b|gqjgl SGQ Hi gzbds`g |jg ]_S aifqg$xb|eif simbd *|bzsbug$hwflgl% *}}}&faq&wqlb&mix)}sq)si|b`)faq)dbef)fb|eifb`)si$mbdq)gbqgdgf|q)}g|`bf lq%, i ou ogxgbmgaidsbfegq *xi`wf|bu q gg g&m& GD, ?32?o%&
]e``bdg||g sb|fgqjes Igmif, WQB& Qgxgb`|usgq ih GQ dbng|q wflg lgxg`isdg f|, qgg ]e`$`bdg||g Sb |fgqjes *?32?%&
]b|g rwb`e|u dbng|q qgg Nb|{ *?338%&
_ghggfagq |i dbng|q *b`sjbog|eab` ilg ou dbng|%
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
30/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
31/118
zzzezzze
Dbnfblg h gniquq|gd|kfq|g jb si|gf|eb` b|| s
g|| niq|fblqgffign|ex| q|| oelb |e`` b|| qngq|``b lg|
hbd|elb w|owlg| bx gniquq|gd|kfq|g&
Dbnfblg o qgq qid g|| nids`gdgf| |e`` glbf
gzeq|gbflg si`eauxgn|um, qfbbg f b|| lg qnb gq||b
fwxbbflg |mlg&
Dbnfblg lexfb bx nidsgfqb|eifqnbx jb lgf
q|q|b si|gf|eb`gf b|| xzb hbdxg&
Ogmgssg| gniquq|gd|kfq|g bfxflq b``| ih|bg h b|| og|ifb
b|| hwfmgbflg gniquq|gd hqg qbdj``g| dgl xlghw``b |kfq$|g& Sikgn| qid De``gffewd Gaiquq|gd Bqqgqqdgf| *DB% iaj
\jg Gaifideaq ih Gaiquq|gdq bfl Oeilexgqe|u *\GGO% jb hbd$
mfmqen| nb| dglxg|bflgmblgf id gniquq|gd|kfq|g, o`bfl
bffb| mgfid b|| s|b`b lg q|ib niq|fblgfb qid gf hi|qb|| w|$
bdfefm bx lgd dglh& Id lgf fwxbbflg fgl|mgflg |gflgf
hi|m flffq lg| gf eqn b|| dbf xgq|emg |qng`fexg, xe`ng| nbf
`glb |e`` q|ib iaj i|gnb``g`emb hflefmb bx |kfq|g qid xe fw|b h mexg|, qid gf `wh| iaj gf| xb||gf, gngb|eif, si``efgefm
bx xz|g, |e``mfm`emjg| |e`` db| iaj ofq`g dgl dgb& Lgqqw|id
nbf hi|qb|| w|bdfefm bx gniquq|gd|kfq|g oelb |e`` nblg ikd$
`enjg|g gh|gqid q|ib lg`b bx x`lgfq hb||emb oghi`nfefm qnw``g
lboobq isisi|eifg`em| j|&
\i|q lgf fu||b qid gniquq|gd|kfq|g qnbsb h qbdj``g|o`e lg b``| dg gf oeq|xbb, xe`ng| eflengb b|| fwxbbflg |mlg
Qbddbfhb||fefm s qxgfqnb
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
32/118
zzzee
ef|g |e``an`emb& Fq|bf |x |glkglg`b bx x`lgfq gniquq|gd$
|kfq|g s fglmfm& Ogjixg| bx jlbg de`knbx, g|| gqw`|b|bx m`iob` gqwqoeq| iaj oghi`nfefmq|e``xz|, jb |e``qbddbfq dgl
ogmfqblg iffigf|`emb owlmg|dglg` qnbsb| g|| ogjix bx fub iaj
effixb|exb q|| b|| ob`bfqgb gnifideqn |e``xz| iaj de`kqnull&
H b|| nwffb jbf|gb gniquq|gd|kfq|gfb ogjxq efae|bdgf|
qid m b|| fu||bf dgl gniquq|gd|kfq|g bxqsgm`bq e lgf m`i$
ob`b gnifidefq lbm`emb |bfqbn|eifg iaj ogq`w|qhb||bflg& X`
hwfmgbflg dbnfblg jb si|gf|eb` b|| qnbsb qlbfb efae|bdgf|
mgfid b|| og`fb lgd qid qnbsb g|| nb| w|owl bx gniquq|gd$
|kfq|g iaj mb lg| niq|qbd| h lgd qid hq| lgd& Mexg|
ogmfqblg iffigf|`emb gqwqg gf |ml qid nbf qngq|``b
gf hbq|q|``l qnullqfex |e`` `mq|b dk`emb niq|fbl g|| b||bn|ex|
xgn|um e ogq`w|qhb||bfbq xgn|umq`lb&
Dbnfblg h gniquq|gd|kfq|g efmgf fu hg|gg`qg& ?323hbffq lg| 15 bn|exb m`iob`b dbnfblg h oei`imeqn dfmhb`l, dgl
|bfqbn|eifg xlb dg f ?,5 de`kblg WQ li``b& Lg| hbffq xgf
7= dbnfblg qid gm`gblg xb||gfnxb`e|g| iaj hexe``emb ni`leizel$
dbnfblg qid jbfl`blg dgl 212 de`kifg |if ni`leizel *qg |bog``
GQ$2%&
Lgf j q|wlegf wflgqng xe`ngf si|gf|eb` lg| flffq h dbn$
fblg b|| nb w|owlg| bx gniquq|gd|kfq|g s g|| niq|fblqgh$hgn|ex| q||& Q|wlegf obqgbq s gf xgqen| bx lgf qfboo| xzbflg
`e||gb|wgf nefm dbnfblqobqgblg q|udglg` h b|| jbf|gb
gniquq|gd|kfq|g iaj en|b ef qem s b|| ogqxbb h`kbflg hmi;
Xbh flffq lg| dbnfblg h xeqqb gniquq|gd|kfq|g
dgf ef|g h bflb iaj xe`nb hw|q||fefmb nxq h b||w|xgan`b qlbfb dbnfblg9
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
33/118
zzzeeezzzeee
Xe`nb q|uni iaj qxbmjg|g flffq lg| dgl i`enb |usg bx
dbnfblg h gniquq|gd|kfq|g9
Jw nbf si`eau|mlg q|edw`gb gffign|exb dbnfblg9
Xe`ngf si`e|engq i`` f qnb lg bmgb iaj f qnb lg
j``b qem wflbf9
E q|wlegf elgf|eflgbq |g i`enb |usg bx dbnfblg dgl i`enb obn$
id`emmbflg lexnbh|g; nbxwsshu``bflg dbnfblg, dbnfb$
lg qid lexq bx gm`gefmb, qqid abs$bfl$|blg$dbnfblg `en|
GW;q quq|gd h jbflg` dgl w|q`ssq||g h ni`leizel> qnb||g$
flfbfqegblg efe|eb|ex, dbnfblg qid qnbsbq mgfid b|| dgl ih$
hgf|`emb dglg` og|b`b lg bn|g qid |e``jbflbj``g gniquq|gd$
|kfq|g> qbd| hexe``emb dbnfblg qid lexq bx bffiqdqqembg``g g|eqnb di|ex w|bf iffigf|`em efo`bflfefm&
Dgsb|gf bx lbmgfq dbnfblg qnb||gflfbfqegblg g``g
nbxwsshu``bflg& E q|wlegf flffg xe b|| nbxwsshu``bflg lgf
|us bx lexnbh| qid dgq| `ixbflg xbl m``g b|| |e``xbb|b
dbnfblgfq si|gf|eb` b|| qngq|``b lgf hbd|elb |e``mfmgf bx
gniquq|gd|kfq|g& E dbnfblg qid lexq bx nbxwsshu``bflg
nbf si`e|eng q|ub dbnfblgfq de`kdqqemb gffign|, gh|gqid lgqk`xb nbf ogq`w|b xe`nb gniquq|gd|kfq|g qid dgq| xlg$
hw``b iaj jw duang| bx lgd qid o ogxbbq wflg gf hbq|q|``l
|elqsgeil& Idhb||fefmgf bx hexe``emb dbnfblg lgdi| ih|b
ogmfqbl iaj lg qnb||gflfbfqegblg efe|eb|exgf o`e lub h qnb|$
|gog|b`bfb&
H`gb gniquq|gd|kfq|g idhb||bq glbf bx dbnfblg, bf|efmgflegn| mgfid jbflg` dgl qqne`lb gniquq|gd|kfq|g, g``g
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
34/118
zzzex
eflegn| mgfid niss`efmb dg``bf i`enb gniquq|gd|kfq|g& \e``
gzgdsg` lg| |i`em| b|| gf dbnfbl g|bo`gbl h b|| ogxbbjboe|b| *`gxfblqde`kg% h qqne`lb b|g xgf sxgnb bflb
gniquq|gd|kfq|g, mgfid b|| oei`imeqn dfmhb`l jb gf fuang`i``
h lg gq|b bflb gniquq|gd|kfq|g& Xeqqb gniquq|gd|kfq|g
hbdq| qid o||g `dsblg f bflb h dbnfblg, |ban xbg
xeqqb nffg|gangf& H`kbflg nffg|gangf qqne`| xen|emb;
D|objg| iaj lg`objg|& Hbdmfmgf dgl ni`le$
izeldbnfblg qbffi`en| niss`bl |e`` lg q nb``blg
ni`leizelgnxexb`gf|g qid idxbfl`b qgz i`enb xz|jwq$
mbqg |e`` gf d|gfjg|& W|q`ssgf ianq niss`blg |e``
gf hflefm e gniquq|gdg| *n`edb|gm`gefm%, qid e qef
|w niss`b| |e`` sxgnbf s dfqn`em| x`ogflffbflg
qid nbf nxbf|eflgbq difg|| *gz& qx`|, nifen|g,xgqxdfefmb d&d&%& Jw gf gniquq|gd|kfq| qnb
d|bq g|| nids`gz| dfg qid dq|g jbf|gbq effbf
lg| m b|| qngq|``b b|| dbnfblg `glg |e`` gf siqe|ex
iaj gffign|ex w|xgan`efm&
Dk`emjg| b|| |e``lg`b iaj wss||j``b mbflg$
||g& Dbnfblqlg`|bmbfb dq|g xbb |ul`em| lgflfeg$blg xgd qnb og|b`b, xgd qnb q`kb iaj lg| nxq gf
hw|qmob ||qngjg| effbf dbnfblgf nbf hwfmgb&
Lg| nxq b|| si`e|eng qsg`b gf agf|b` i`` e gf hbd|elb w|xgan$
`efm bx dbnfblg h gniquq|gd|kfq|g, o`bfl bffb| h b|| qn$
gq|``b b|| dbnfblgf `gxggb ||xeqb iaj de`kdqqem| gh|g$q|xbfqxlb gqw`|b|& Dgf lg| gf ob`bfqmfm; f qnb si`e|eng
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
35/118
zzzxzzzx
bmgb iaj f qnb lg j``b qem wflbf9 Xe dgfb b|| si`e|eng o
qsg`b gf agf|b` iaj ogq`w|qbd i`` f lg| niddg |e`` b|| w|hi$db dbnfblg, q|edw`gb wflgw|xgan`blg dbnfblg, iaj ws$
s||j``b xggfqnidfb gm`g s wss||blg dbnfblg, dgf
b|| lg ef|b gf `beqqg{ hbeg$b||e|ul f lg| m``g glbf dimfb
dbnfblgq xm di| gffign|exb gqw`|b|&
23 gniddgflb|eifg |e`` si`e|eng2% Q|edw`gb gh|ghmbf, gzgdsg`xeq mgfid b|| wss$
||b gm`gbflg ogmfqfefmb m``bflg h`wq|g bx
jboe|b| *|&gz& de`knidsgfqb|eif% g``g s |i|b`| |e``|fb
w|q`ss *|&gz& abs$bfl$|blg%&
?% Q|edw`gb |e``mfm, gzgdsg`xeq mgfid b|| |e``jbflb$j``b ef`glbflg flfbfqegefm |e`` jboe|b|obfng&
1% Defqnb |bfqbn|eifqniq|fblg h nsbg iaj
q`kbg mgfid b|| |ul`em| lgflfegb dbnfblqgm`g,
nxb`e|g|qqnb `gxgbfq bx gniquq|gd|kfq|gf, nxb
nif|bn| iaj qg |e`` b|| lg h`kq, qngq|``b b|| gniquq$
|gd|kfq|gf d|q gfjg|`em| iaj nifqgnxgf|& S lg| q|ibjg`b wss||j``b q|boe`b dbnfblqxe``ni&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
36/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
37/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
38/118
zzzxeee
mgfidlexb fwxbbflg, g``g w|xgan`b fub, nidsgfqb$
|eifqnbx *|&gz& nefm oei`imeqn dfmhb`l% iaj)g``g *?%wss||b abs$bfl$|blg$`enfbflg dbnfblg mgfid b||
ogmfqb lg |i|b`| |e``|fb w|q`ssgf bx fmi| dfg& E gf
dbnfbl qid lexq bx gm`gefmb iaj nbx lg| si`e$
|eng qid ogq`w|b id jw duang| bx gf gqwq qid qnb
ogxbbq *q|edw`gb gh|ghmbf% iaj qglbf lg| wss |e``
dbnfblgf b|| q niq|fblqgffign|ex| qid dk`em| hlg`b
bfqxbg| |e`` ogxbbflg dg``bf lgd qid |e``jbflbj``g
gniquq|gd|kfq|gf& Lgffb |us bx dbnfbl lgf dgl
q|q| si|gf|eb` b|| oelb |e`` gf w|xgan`efm bx dbnfblg
h gniquq|gd|kfq|g&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
39/118
zzzezzzzez
Dbng| lexg
Gaiquq|gdQgxeag
_gmw`b|iuaids`ebfag
\bzsbug$hwflgl
Xi`wf|bu
Qwssi|efm Qie` hidb|eif
Sji|iquf|jgqeq
Sedbu silwa|eif
Fw|egf| aua`efm Fe|imgf dbng|q SGQ o`wgdwqqg`q
]b|g aua`efm ]b|g rwb`e|udbng|q
Miwfl}b|gsi|ga|eifqajgdgq
_gmw`b|efm Be rwb`e|ugmw`b|eif
Qw`sjw leizelgsgde|q
A edb|g gmw`b|eif Aboif abs (|blg dbng|q
_GLL A`edb|g aidsgf$qb|eif efe|eb|exgq
]b|g gmw`b|eif Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, }g|`bfl
agb|eif%Giqeif gmw`b|eif
]b|g sweflab|eif ]e `bdg||gsb|fgqjes
]b|gqjgl SGQ ]b|gqjgl SGQ
Leqgbqg gmw`b|eif
Sgq| gmw`b|eif
Si``efb|eif
Fb|wb` jb{blgmw`b|eif
Sixeqeifefm+ Hiil Heqjgegq rwi|bq Heqjefm
xgqqg`q owuiw|qajgdgq
Heqjefm bfl jwf|$
efm `eagfqgq
Heog
Hwg`
Mgfg|ea gqiwagq Baagqq ( ogfgfl|qjbefm
Oeiajgdeab`q
Ifbdgf|b`gqiwagq
Hgqj }b|g ]b|g rwb`e|udbng|q
GQ$2& Gzbds`gq ih lega| bfl eflega| dbng|q |jb| |b$mg| Gaiquq|gd Qgxeagq *GQ%*Gaiquq|gd Qgxeag ab|gmiegq obqgl if |jg De``gffewd Gaiquq|gd Bqqgqqdgf|%
\usg ih GQ dbng|; Lega| Eflega|
+ Iw |bo`g hiawqgq if dbng|q |jb| efagbqg |jg qwss`u ih GQ bfl gza`wlgq aiddile|u dbng|q |jb| bg lgsgflgf|if sixeqeifb` GQ *g&m&, sjbdbagw|eab` silwa|q ^Oeiajgdeab`qT, mi`l ^Ifbdgf|b` gqiwagqT, |edog ^Hwg`T, g|a%&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
40/118
z`
Aw`|wb` Aw`|wb` lexgqe|u Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, |jiwmj jbo$e|b| obfnefm%
Nfi}`glmg quq$|gdq
Glwab|eifb` xb`wgq
Efqseb|eif
Bgq|jg|ea xb`wgq Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, |jiwmj jbo$e|b| obfnefm%
Qiaeb` g`b|eifq
Qgfqg ih s`bag
Aw`|wb` jge|bmgxb`wgq
_gagb|eif bfl ga$i|iweqd
Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Heqjefm bfl jwf|$efm `eagfqgq, sbnhggq
\usg ih GQ dbng|; Lega| Eflega|
Baagqq bfl ogfgfl| qjbefm Sjbdbagw|eab`qbfl oei|gaj, qgg g&m& GD *?32?o%&
Bme$gfxeifdgf|b` qajgdgq Hi gzbds`g |jgGW ABS& Qgg g&m& |jg oegh ixg xeg} ou |jg Gwisg$bf Aiddeqqeif; j| |s;))ga&gwisb&gw)bmeaw`|wg)swo`e)absgzs`befgl)absYgf&slh
Aboif abs bfl |blg dbng|q Hi gzbds`g |jgGW Gdeqqeifq \blefm Quq|gd *GW G\Q% Qgg g&m&GA *?335%&
A`edb|g aidsgfqb|eif efe|eb|exgq Qgg g&m& Xi`$wf|bu Ab oif Higq| u ef GD *?32?o%&
Heqjgegq rwi|bq Hi gzbds`g ef Fg} [gb`bfl,qgg g&m& GD *?32?o%&
Heqjefm bfl jwf|efm `eagfqgq qgg g&m& GD*?32?o%&
Heqjefm xgqqg` owuiw| qajgdgq Hi gzbds`gef Lgfdbn bfl Fi}bu, qgg g&m& [bflgqgf g| b`&*?335%&
Miwfl}b|g si|ga|eif qajgdgq qgg g&m& GD*?32?o%&
Jboe|b| obfnefm Hi bf ixgxeg}, qgg g&m& gh|gag| b`& *?323%&
Fe|imgf dbng|q Hi gzbds`g ef @ifm Eq`bfl,WQB& Qgg g&m& Qg`dbf g| b`& *?335%&
SGQ o`wg dwqqg`q Hi gzbds`g ef |jg Ob`|ea Qgb,Q}glgf& Qgg g&m& [bflgqgf g| b`& *?335%&
_GLL \jg Wfe|gl Fb|eifq Ai``boib|exg Si$mbddg if _glwaefm Gdeqqeifq hid Lghigq|b$|eif bfl Higq| Lgmblb|eif ef Lgxg`isefm Aiwf$|egq Qgg g&m& }}}&wf$gll&im
Qw`sjw leizelg sgde|q Hi gzbds`g ef Gbq|gfWQB& Qgg g&m& WQGSB *?33?%&
Xi`wf|bu oeilexgqe|u ihhqg|q Hi gzbds`gOOIS *oois&higq|$|gflq&im)%
]b|gqjgl SGQ Hi gzbds`g |jg ]_S aifqg$xb|eif simbd *|bzsbug$hwflgl% *}}}&faq&wqlb&mix)}sq)si|b`)faq)dbef)fb|eifb`)si$mbdq)gbqgdgf|q)}g|`bf lq%, i ou ogxgbmgaidsbfegq *xi`wf|bu q gg g&m& GD, ?32?o%&
]e``bdg||g sb|fgqjes Igmif, WQB& Qgxgb`|usgq ih GQ dbng|q wflg lgxg`isdgf|, qgg ]e`$`bdg||g Sb |fgqjes *?32?%&
]b|g rwb`e|u dbng|q qgg Nb|{ *?338%&
_ghggfagq |i dbng|q *b`sjbog|eab` ilg ou dbng|%
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
41/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
42/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
43/118
2
Ef @ifm Eq`bfl Qiwfl qg}bmg |gb|dgf| s`bf|q dbu |blg fe|imgf
agle|q |i dgg| sgde||gl leqajbmg `gxg`q& Ef Fi|jgf Ab`ehifeb, lgxg`$
isgq dbu owu jboe|b| aifqgxb|eif agle|q hi mebf| mb|g qfbngq hid
b sexb|g de|emb|eif$obfnefm fld&*Owfjbd ?335%
\ilbu |jgg bg bfefagbqefm fwdog ih gfxeifdgf|b` db$
ng|q }jgg qgxgb` owugq bfl qg``gq abf dgg| bfl gzajbfmg gfxe$
ifdgf|b` miilq bfl qgxeagq |jb| bg seagl baailefm |i qwss`u
bfl lgdbfl& Hi gzbds`g, gzeq|efm dbng|q |ilbu qg``;
\jg emj| |i g`gbqg si``w|bf|q |i }b|g oilegq bfl
|jg b|diqsjgg& Hi gzbds`g, ef @ifm Eq`bfl Qiwfl,WQB, hba|iegq swajbqg fe|imgf agle|q if b dbng|
|i aidob| jusizeb i `i} izumgf `gxg`q *Qg`dbf g| b`&,
?335%& Ef |jg Gbq|gf WQ, aib`$flgl s`bf|q swajbqg qw`$
sjw leizelg gdeqqeif sgde|q |i bllgqq |jg bael bef
sio`gd *WQGSB, ?33?%& Bfu gf|e|u *efa`wlefm efle$
xelwb`q% abf swajbqg aboif leizelg gdeqqeif sgde|qef |jg Gwisgbf Wfeif *GA, ?335%>
Ef|rilwa|eif
Ajbs|g 2
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
44/118
?
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
Fw|egf| glwa|eif qgxeagq |i |jg dbefg gfxeif$
dgf| ef |jg Ob`|ea Qgb, }jggou }bq|g}b|g |gb|dgf|s`bf|q sbu qjg``flqj hbdgq |i mi} o`wg dwqqg`q hi
|jg gzs`eae| swsiqg ih gdixefm fw|egf|q |i aidob|
gw|isjeab|eif *[bflgqgf g| b`&, ?335%& Aidsgfqb|iu
agle|q abf b`qi og swajbqgl |i sixelg }b|g sweflab$
|eif qgxeagq bfl q|id }b|g dbfbmgdgf| biwfl |jg
}i`l *GD, ?32?b%>
Bf bgb ih `bfl |jb| silwagq jboe|b| hi qsgaegq,
qwaj bq |jg ixg 833 jboe|b| obfnq |jb| bg isgb|efm ef
|jg WQ *Ogbf g| b`&, ?33:% i |jg `ifm jeq|iu ih obfnefm
|jb| lb|gq |i 2551 ef Mgdbfu *Fbwdbff g| b`&, ?33:%& Ef
b wferwg dbng| ef Bwq|b`eb, `bflji`lgq aidsg|e|exg`u
oel hi aif|ba|q hid |jg Q|b|g |i og||g si|ga| bfledsixg fb|exg xgmg|b|eif bfl jboe|b| *BLQG, ?32?%> bfl
B rwbf|e|u ih }b|g, fi| if`u hi sexb|g gaifidea
silwa|eif *g&m&, hbdefm%, ow| b`qi hi efq|gbd i}
|jb| qwssi|q gai`imeab` i gagb|eifb` qgxeagq *Nb|{,
?338%&
\jg sideqg ih |jgqg dbng|q qidg di|exb|gl ou gmw`b|eif,
i|jgq xi`wf|bu jbq `gl |jg Iobdb Bldefeq|b|eif |i agb|g
b fg} WQ Ifiag ih Gfxeifdgf|b` Dbng|q *IGD% |jb| bedq |i
owe`l b dbng|$obqgl quq|gd hi rwbf|ehuefm, gmeq|gefm, bfl xgehuefm
gfxeifdgf|b` ogfgfl|q silwagl ou `bfl dbfbmgdgf| ba|exe|egq &&& |i
qwssi| gdgmefm dbng|q hi aboif, }b|g rwb`e|u, }g|`bflq, bfl oei$lexgqe|u*WQLB ?323%&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
45/118
Ef|rilwa|eif
1
\jg gz|gf| ih |jgqg dbng|q eq lefiaw`| |i mbwmg, ow| |jge gagf|
lgxg`isdgf| jbq oggf bsel& Bq ih ?335 |jgg }gg 15 ba|exg m`iob`dbng|q |jb| |bmg| oeilexgqe|u, }e|j |bfqba|eifq |i|b`efm dig
|jbf ?&5 oe``eif WQL *qgg Dblqgf g| b`&, ?323%& Qg`dbf g| b`& *?335%
elgf|ehu 7= ba|exg }b|g rwb`e|u dbng|q, }e|j diq| isgb|efm ef |jg
WQ& Gaiquq|gd Dbng|s`bag, b a`gbefmjiwqg hi efhidb|eif if
gfxeifdgf|b` dbng|q, gsi|q |jb| xi`wf|bu Aboif dbng|q
|blgl 212 de``eif |ifq ih AI? ef ?323, ws hid 5: de``eif ef ?335
*Sg|gq$Q|bf`gu g| b`&, ?322%&
\jg hba| |jb| |jgqg |usgq ih gfxeifdgf|b` miilq bg oiwmj|
bfl qi`l |ilbu qwmmgq|q |jb| |jgg eq bf efagbqefm b}bgfgqq
boiw| |jg edsi|bfag ih |jg gfxeifdgf| hi |jg }g``$ogefm ih
qiaeg|u& \jg |gd gaiquq|gd qgxeagq *GQ% eq bf efagbqefm`u sisw`b
}bu |i ghg |i |jg ogfgfl|q qiaeg|u gagexgq hid fb|wg& \jgg bg
qgxgb` gzbds`gq;
Isgf qsbagq bfl mggf aieliq ef wobf bgbq sixelg
a`gbf be ogfgfl|q bfl qgxg bq b gagb|eifb` bgb hi
wobf gqelgf|q>
Dbefg jboe|b|q bfl hiil ajbefq sixelg flqj hi aif$
qwds|eif i gagb|eif>
Oggq bfl i|jg efqga|q sixelg ae|eab` si``efb|eif qg$
xeagq hi hiil silwa|eif>
]idq bgb|g mblgfq bfl dbef|bef |jg qie` hi hiil
bfl jboe|b| silwa|eif>
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
46/118
bfl
Aib` gghq sixelg oeilexgqe|u, }jeaj qwssi|q dbefg
|iweqd&
Lgqse|g |jg ogfgfl|q |jb| GQ sixelg qiaeg|u *\GGO, ?323b> IGAL
?32?% |jgu bg ogaidefm efagbqefm`u qabag& Fgb`u |}i |jelq ih
|jg m`iob` GQ bg ef lga`efg *DB, ?337%& \jeq jbq `gl |i b fwdog ih
ef|gfb|eifb` gffii|q bedgl b| si|ga|efm i aifqgxefm oeilexg$
qe|u, }jeaj s`buq bf edsi|bf| i`g ef qwss`uefm GQ& Ifg gzbds`g
eq |jg Ef|gmixgfdgf|b` S`b|hid if Oeilexgqe|u bfl Gaiquq|gd
Qgxeagq *ESOGQ2%, }jeaj |egq |i oelmg |jg mbs og|}ggf |jg qaegf$
|efla aiddwfe|u bfl si`eau$dbngq ou sixelefm fg} nfi}`glmg
bfl agb|efm m`iob` aifqgfqwq if ji} |i bllgqq |jg `iqq ih GQ bfl
oeilexgqe|u *ESOGQ, ?32?%&Ifg gbqif }ju GQ bg ogaidefm qabag eq ogabwqg |jg m`iob`
gaifidea quq|gd dig i `gqq fgm`ga|q |jge aif|eow|eif |i
jwdbf }g``$ogefm lwg ef sb| |i }jb| gaifideq|q ab`` dbng|
hbe`wgq& \jgqg dbng| hbe`wgq qggswo`ea miilq bfl gz|gfb`e$
|egq lgqaeogl ef ajbs|g 1 gqw`| ef b qabae|u ih gfxeifdgf|b`
miilq *be bfl }b|g rwbf|e|u, oeilexgqe|u, jboe|b|, g|a&% bfl bf
gzagqq qwss`u ih gfxeifdgf|b` oblq *si``w|eif, iilefm, leq$gbqg% *Dblqgf g| b`&, ?323%& \jg ajb``gfmg hi dbfbmefm GQ eq |i
agb|g efagf|exgq qi |jb| |jg m`iob` gaifidea quq|gd gaimfe{gq
bfl efaisib|gq |jg ogfgfl|q ih GQ ef|i lbe`u |bfqba|eifq bfl
lgaeqeif$dbnefm& \jb| eq, efagf|exgq hi oi|j efagbqefm |jg qws$
s`u bfl gxgqefm |jg lga`efg *_efm g| b`&, ?323%& Hw|jg, ogabwqg
gfxeifdgf|b` si|ga|eif eds`egq b qiaeb` issi|wfe|u aiq| e&g&,2& Qgg }}}&esogq&fg|
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
47/118
Ef|rilwa|eif
7
difgu qsgf| if |jg gfxeifdgf| eq fi| bxbe`bo`g hi i|jg qiaeb``u$
ogfgflaeb` sikga|q `eng jgb`|j abg, glwab|eif, iblq, g|a& si`eauefq|wdgf|q qjiw`l bed hi bajegxefm b mexgf `gxg` ih si|ga|eif b|
|jg `i}gq| siqqeo`g aiq|& Mexgf qabag swo`ea gqiwagq hi gfxe$
ifdgf|b` si|ga|eif, b si`eau efq|wdgf| |jb| abf jbxgq| |jg gfi$
aegfau ih dbng|q |i gzsbfl |jg qwss`u ih GQ eq ogmeffefm |i `iin
b||ba|exg bq b aids`gdgf|bu |ii` ef b lgaeqeif$dbngq |ii`oiz&
Bed
\jeq gsi| gzbdefgq |jg si|gf|eb` hi dbng|q hi gaiquq|gd qg$
xeagq *GQ dbng|q% |i efagbqg |jg qwss`u ih GQ ef b aiq|$gfiaegf|
dbffg& ]g gxeg} b bsel`u gzsbflefm e|gb|wg if dbng|$obqgl
bssibajgq |i gaiquq|gd dbfbmgdgf| ef ilg |i oibl`u bllgqq|jg hi``i}efm rwgq|eifq;
]ju bg |jgg dbng|q hi qidg GQ ow| fi| i|jgq bfl
}jb| bg |jg fgagqqbu sg$aifle|eifq hi lgxg`isefm bf
GQ dbng|9
]jb| bg |jg q|gfm|jq bfl }gbnfgqqgq ih leffiggf| lex$gq ogjefl GQ dbng|q9
Ji} demj| swo`ea si`eaegq q|edw`b|g gffiga|exg dbng|q9
]jb| eq |jg mixgfdgf|q i`g $ }jgf qjiw`l e| ba| bfl
}jgf qjiw`l e| mg| iw| ih |jg }bu9
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
48/118
8
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
Qaisg
Mexgf b aifqgxb|eif mib`, |jeq gsi| bqqgqqgq |jg gffiga|exgfgqq
ih dbng|q ef gbajefm |jb| mib`& ]g li fi| sixelg bfq}gq |i, i
gaiddgflb|eifq hi, qsgaefla gfxeifdgf|b` iokga|exgq& ]g |bng
si`eau iokga|exgq bq mexgf bfl leqawqq }jg|jg GQ dbng|q bg bf
gfiaegf| dg|jil ih gbajefm |jiqg iokga|exgq&
Edsi|bf|`u, dbng|q qjiw`l og qggf bq b aids`gdgf| |i
gzeq|efm si`eau efq|wdgf|q, b|jg |jbf b gs`bagdgf|& Ef hba|,
gfxeifdgf|b` gmw`b|eif, efa`wlefm |jg lgxg`isdgf| ih q|b|gmea
gfxeifdgf|b` iokga|exgq, eq b ngu lexg |i |jg gzeq|gfag ih GQ
dbng|q& Bq qwaj, dbng|q qjiw`l og xeg}gl bq ifg ih dbfu si`eau
efq|wdgf|q |jb| abf og wqgl |i gbaj gfxeifdgf|b` iokga|exgq,
|img|jg }e|j |bzgq, qwoqelegq, aiddbfl$bfl$aif|i`, efhidb$
|eif abdsbemfq, bfl |gajfi`imu qwssi| *qgg emj| si`eau dez efIGAL, ?32?%&
B hiwflb|eif hi |jeq gsi| eq bf bqqwds|eif ih gqiwag
qabae|u; qiaeg|u hbagq efgxe|bo`g |blg$iffiq ef lg|gdefefm ji} |i
qsgfl `ede|gl swo`ea owlmg|q& \i gxb`wb|g |jgqg |blg$iffiq qiaeg|u
dwq| xb`wg b`|gfb|exg iw|aidgq ef ilg |i lg|gdefg }jeaj bg
sghgbo`g& ]je`g e| eq g`b|exg`u gbqu |i aidsbg swo`ea gzsgfle$
|wg hi b fg} oelmg bmbefq| |jg edsixgl gaifidea iw|sw| |jb| e|silwagq, e| eq dig lefiaw`| |i bqqgqq |jg xb`wg ih gfxeifdgf|b`
ogfgfl|q& Hi gzbds`g, eq e| }i|j |jg higmifg gaifidea mi}|j |i
si|ga| 233 bagq ih higq|9 Bfq}gefm |jeq rwgq|eif grwegq b leq$
awqqeif ih xb`wg& B ngu q|b|efm sief| eq |jb| fb|wgq efq|wdgf|b`
xb`wg eq gga|gl ou e|q sixeqeif ih GQ, e&g& GQ jbxg xb`wg ef |gdq
ih }jb| |jgu sixelg qiaeg|u& \jeq eq qidg|edgq aif|bq|gl }e|jfb|wgq ef|efqea xb`wg, }jeaj ghgq |i |jg xb`wg ih fb|wg ef bfl
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
49/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
50/118
:
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
Xi`wf|bu dbng|q& \jgqg bg dbng|q |jb| bg lexgf
ou owqefgqq di|exgq i g|jeab` aifagfq&
\jg `e|gb|wg qidg|edgq wqgq |jg |gdq gfxeifdgf|b` dbng|q
bfl Sbudgf|q hi Gaiquq|gd Qgxeagq *SGQ% ef|gajbfmgbo`u, ow|
|jgg bg leqbmggdgf|q boiw| lgflfefm |jgqg |gdq * ]wflg,
?337> Dblqgf g| b`&, ?323> GD, ?32?a> Hb`gu, ?32?> \GGO, ?323o
Ajbs|g :%& ]g wqg |jg |gd GQ dbng| |jiwmjiw| |jeq gsi|,
}jeaj ghgq |i |jiqg dbng|q |jb| abf og |bagl |i ifg i dig ih
|jg |jgg lexgq elgf|eflgl boixg& ]g sghg |jeq oibl lgflfe|eif
ef sb| ogabwqg }g qgg sb|eaw`b sideqg ef gmw`b|iu aids`ebfag
dbng|q }jeaj }g leqawqq ef ajbs|g
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
51/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
52/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
53/118
22
Gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq *GQ%
Ajbs|g ?
M`iob` }bdefm dbu lidefb|g jgbl`efgq |ilbu& Gaiquq|gd lgmblb$
|eif }e`` li qi |idii}& *Jbfqif g| b`&, ?32?%
GQ bg |jg ogfgfl|q qiaeg|u lgexgq hid |jg fb|wb` }i`l
qwaj bq |jg silwa|eif ih hiil, dbef|gfbfag ih bowflbf| bfl
a`gbf }b|g, gmw`b|eif ih a`edb|g bfl leqgbqg, bfl sixeqeif ihgagb|eifb`, aw`|wb` bfl qsee|wb` ogfgfl|q& \jg ?337 De``gffewd
Gaiquq|gd Bqqgqqdgf| *DB% lgflfgl hiw ab|gmiegq ih GQ |jb|
sixelg xb`wg |i jwdbfe|u *DB, ?337%, bq qji}f ef Hemwg 2&
Ef ?323, bf efwgf|eb` gsi| jg`sgl |i jemj`emj| |jg }buq ef
}jeaj |jg GQ lgflfgl ef |jg DB aif|eow|g |i iw m`iob` gaifidea
silwa|eif bfl jwdbf }g``$ogefm; \jg Gaifideaq ih Gaiquq|gdq
bfl Oeilexgqe|u *\GGO%& Baailefm |i \GGO *?323b%qwssi|$
efmqgxeagq bg |jg hwflbdgf|b` qgxeagq ef |jg gaiquq|gdq wsif
}jeaj b`` i|jg GQ lgsgfl& Qwssi|efm qgxeagq bg ih|gf ifm$
|gd i jbxg eflega| gffiga|q if jwdbfq& Silwa|q qwaj bq hiil
bfl flog bg |jgsixeqeifefmqgxeagq&2 _gmw`b|efmqgxeagq aifqeq|
2& Sixeqeifefm qgxeagq bg qidg|edgq ghggl |i bq gaiquq|gd miilq& B leq|efa|eif eq qidg|edgq dblg og|}ggfgaiquq|gd miilq bfl gaiquq|gd qgxeagq }jgg |jg hidg ghg |i |bfmeo`g silwa|q |jb| bg hgrwgf|`u, ow|
fi| b`}buq, |blgl ef b aiddile|u dbng|, bfl |jg b||g ghg |i b i} ih ef|bfmeo`g qgxeagq |jb| dbu *i dbu fi|%`gbl |i |jg sixeqeif ih ba|wb` miilq& Hi gzbds`g, b jgb`|ju bng dbu sixelg flqj *b miil% bfl gagb|eifb` issi$|wfe|egq *b qgxeag%& Ef |jeq gsi| }g wqg |jg mgfgb` |gd gaiquq|gd qgxeagq }jeaj eq bqqwdgl |i efa`wlg miilq&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
54/118
2?
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
Hemwg 2& Ixgxeg} ih |jg gaiquq|gd qgxeagq elgf|eflglou |jg De``gffewd Gaiquq|gd Bqqgqqdgf| *DB, ?337%
Qwssi|efm qgxeagq
Qie` hidb|eif Sji|iquf|jgqeq
Sedbu silwa|eif
Fw|egf| aua`efm
]b|g aua`efm
Sixeqeifefm qgxeagq
Hiil
Heog
Hwg`
Mgfg|ea gqiwagq
Oeiajgdeab`q, fb|wb` dgle$
aefgq bfl sjbdbagw|eab`q Ifbdgf|b` gqiwagq
Hgqj }b|g
_gmw`b|efm qgxeagq
Be rwb`e|u gmw`b|eif
A`edb|g gmw`b|eif
]b|g gmw`b|eif
Giqeif gmw`b|eif
]b|g sweflab|eif
Leqgbqg gmw`b|eif
Sgq| gmw`b|eif
Si``efb|eif
Fb|wb` jb{bl gmw`b|eif
Aw`|wb` qgxeagq
Aw`|wb` lexgqe|u
Qsee|wb` bfl g`emeiwq xb`wgq
Nfi}`glmg quq|gdq
Glwab|eifb` xb`wgq
Efqseb|eif
Bgq|jg|ea xb`wgq
Qiaeb` g`b|eifq
Qgfqg ih s`bag
Aw`|wb` jge|bmg xb`wgq
_gagb|eif bfl gai|iweqd
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
55/118
21
Gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq *GQ%
ih ogfgfl|q |jb| gmw`b|g gaiquq|gd siagqqgq, g&m& a`edb|g gmw`b$
|eif bfl }b|g sweflab|eif& Fifdb|geb` ogfgfl|q `eng gagb|eifbfl bgq|jg|ea xb`wgq bg |jg aw`|wb` qgxeagq&
Oeilexgqe|u jbq gagexgl sb|eaw`b b||gf|eif ef |jg `e|gb|wg
lwg |i e|q hwflbdgf|b` i`g ef qwss`uefm diq| GQ& Oeilexgqe|u abf
og lgflfgl bq |jg xbeg|u }e|jef qsgaegq, og|}ggf qsgaegq bfl ih
gaiquq|gdq& Oi|j rwb`e|u bfl rwbf|e|u bqsga|q ih oeilexgqe|u bg
ngu lg|gdefbf|q hi |jg hwfa|eif bfl |jg sgqgxb|eif ih GQ& \jg
awgf| lga`efefm |gfl hi m`iob` oeilexgqe|u eq `eng`u |i jbxg aif$
qelgbo`g aifqgrwgfagq hi GQ, sb|eaw`b`u eh ngu |essefm sief|q
bg aiqqgl *_ianq|d g| b`&, ?335%&
GQ xb`wgq
B`|jiwmj Hemwg 2 eq jg`shw` |i b`g| si`eau$dbngq |i |jg ogfg$
fl|q ih GQ, gaifideq|q ih|gf qwmmgq| bf b`|gfb|exg ab|gmie{b|eif
|jb| hbae`e|b|gq xb`wefm |jg i} ih GQ ixg |edg *Oiul ( Obfqjbh,
?33=%& Hi gzbds`g, e| dbu dbng dig qgfqg |i fbi} |jg lgfl$
fe|eif ih GQ |i hiawq ifflfb`, b|jg |jbf ef|gdgleb|g, qgxeagq,
}jgg |jg `b||g aiw`l og qggf bq bf efsw| |i |jg hidg& Hi gzbd$
s`g, b aifag|g gzbds`g ih b gmw`b|efm GQ demj| og fb|wgq boe`$e|u |i de|emb|g |jg hiagq ih gw|isjeab|eif ef b `bng }jeaj, boqgf|
|jg qgxeag, }iw`l gqw`| ef bf ixgmi}f bfl wfb||ba|exg `bng&
Ef aif|bq| |i |jeq ef|gdgleb|g qgxeag *qgg fw|egf| aua`efm%,
|jgflfb` qgxeag dbu og |jg gagb|eifb` issi|wfe|u bffiilgl ou b
jgb`|ju bfl b||ba|exg `bng *qgg gagb|eif bfl gai|iweqd%&
\jeq gsi| eq ef|ggq|gl ef |jg |usgq ih *efq|wdgf|b`% xb`wgq|jb| GQ sixelg qiaeg|u& \jg \i|b` Gaifidea Xb`wg *\GX% hbdg$
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
56/118
2
\jgqji`l ghhga|q& Qgxgb` q|wlegq jemj`emj| |jg eqn
hi ae|eab` |jgqji`lq }jeaj, eh sbqqgl, dbu `gbl |i `bmg
bfl lbdb|ea |bfqhidb|eifq ih |jg gaiquq|gd, }jeaj
abf `gbl |i bows|, bfl si|gf|eb``u sgqeq|gf| ajbfmgq ef
|jg qwss`u ih GQ *qgg g&m& _ianq|d g| b`&, ?335%>
Efagbqgl efgrwb`e|egq& ]je`g |jg m`iob` sisw`b|eif
eq lgsgflgf| if GQ, dbfu ih |jg }i`lq siigq| sgis`g
}e`` og leqsisi|eifb``u bffiga|gl ou hw|wg GQ lgmblb$
|eif *\GGO, ?323b%&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
58/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
59/118
2=
GQ dbrng|q
Ajbs|g 1
Oeilexgqe|u dbng|q bg if ^|jgT |bkga|iu hid hw|weq|ea
|i wfgdbnbo`g&*Dblqgf g| b`&, ?323%
\jg efagbqgl m`iob` b}bgfgqq ih GQ xb`wgq jbq `gl |i ef$
agbqgl ab``q hi ba|eif, ef sb|eaw`b ji} }g abf efagbqg |jg qws$s`u ih GQ& Gfxeifdgf|b` aidde|dgf|q ou mixgfdgf|q jbxg
b `ifm jeq|iu& Hi gzbds`g FS\G@ *?32?% fi|g bf Eflebf |gb$
|eqgB|jbqjbq|b lb|efm |i 133 O&A& |jb| sgqaeogl swfeqjdgf|q
hi si``w|gq, qwmmgq|efm bf gb`u bssgaeb|eif ih gfxeifdgf$
|b` xb`wgq& Ow| |ilbu |jg ob jbq oggf beqgl& \jg fggl hi q|ea|$
g gfxeifdgf|b` gmw`b|eifq lwg |i m`iob` gqiwag qabae|u bfl
sisw`b|eif mi}|j, |img|jg }e|j `ede|gl swo`ea owlmg|q hi gfxe$ifdgf|b` si|ga|eif, jbq grwegl aif|efwiwq`u fg} bfl dig
effixb|exg }buq |i ob`bfag gaifidea mi}|j bfl |jg gfxeif$
dgf|& \jg dez ih m`iob` gfxeifdgf|b` si`eaegq hiwfl |ilbu ef$
a`wlgq duebl si`eau efq|wdgf|q ow| |jg eds`gdgf|b|eif bfl wqg
ih |jgqg efq|wdgf|q bg ef fggl ih edsixgdgf|&
@gmb``u oeflefm ef|gfb|eifb` |bmg|q jbxg fi| jb`|gl oeilexg$qe|u bfl GQ `iqq *Ab`lgai|| ( Leaneg, ?322%& \jg GW sisiqgl b
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
60/118
2:
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
dig q|efmgf| oeilexgqe|u q|b|gmu |i ?3?3 hi``i}efm |jg hbe`$
wg ih |jg q|b|gmu |i ?323 |i q`i} i gxgqg |jg lga`efg }jeajab``q hi fg| mbefq ef oeilexgqe|u bfl GQ *GA ?322%& \i gbaj |jgqg
mib`q |jg GW eq gdsjbqe{efm |jg fggl hi sexb|g qga|i aif|eow$
|eifq |jiwmj Effixb|exg Hefbfaeb` Dgajbfeqdq *EHD% *Gh|ga, ef
sgs%, }jeaj efa`wlg GQ dbng|q&
GQ dbng|q gsgqgf| bf gaifidea efagf|exg$obqgl bssibaj |i
gfxeifdgf|b` si|ga|eif *[bflgqgf g| b`&, ?335%, }jeaj jbq qgx$
gb` ogfgfl|q lgqaeogl ef |jeq ajbs|g& \jg ajbs|g hw|jg lg|be`q
|jg mgfgb` lexgq ogjefl gzeq|efm dbng|q |ilbu bfl `efnq gzeq|$
efm gfxeifdgf|b` dbng|q |i |jg GQ elgf|eflgl ef ajbs|g ?& \jeq
`gblq |i |jg rwgq|eif; }ju bg |jgg dbng|q hi qidg GQ ow| fi|
i|jgq9 B fwdog ih ngu sg$aifle|eifq hi bf gffiga|exg GQ dbng|
bg qwddbe{gl&
]ju dbng|q9
Gfxeifdgf|b` si`eaegq bg mgfgb``u mwelgl ougfxeifdgf|b` io$
kga|exgq, }jeaj ih|gf bed hi b qsgaefla |bmg|, qwaj bq gfxeifdgf$
|b` rwb`e|u i sgagf| glwa|eif ef b si``w|bf|& \jeq |bmg| dbu og b
hwfa|eif ih `iab`, fb|eifb`, gmeifb` i m`iob` aifagfq&
\i gbaj gfxeifdgf|b` iokga|exgq, qiaeg|u g`egq if b |ii`oizih si`eau efq|wdgf|q |i efwgfag |jg ogjbxei ih eflexelwb`q,
fldq, bfl i|jg ba|iq& \jgg bg b| `gbq| hiw dbki ab|gmiegq
ih si`eau efq|wdgf|q |useab``u g`egl wsif ou mixgfdgf|q; *2%
aiddbfl$bfl$aif|i`, *?% efhidb|eif, *1% |gajfi`imu qwssi|,
bfl *
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
61/118
25
GQ dbrng|q
hwflgl efe|eb|exgq,2 xi`wf|bu% bfl *
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
62/118
?3
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
wflg|bngf ou |jg fld g`b|exg |i }jb| }iw`l og qiaeb``u is|edb`&
Bfi|jg aiddif dbng| hbe`wg eq |jg efboe`e|u |i jbfl`gswo`eamiilq& B swo`ea miil ghgq |i b miil i qgxeag |jb| eq gfkiugl ou
gxguoilu, ow| eq |useab``u fi| seagl ef b dbng| ogabwqg e| eq
jbl |i gza`wlg eflexelwb`q hid gfkiuefm i wqefm e|& \jg gqw`|
eq wqwb``u bf wflgqwss`u ih |jg miil, g`b|exg |i }jb| }iw`l og
qiaeb``u is|edb`& \jgqg |usgq ih dbng| hbe`wgq bg hgrwgf|`u
wqgl bq kwq|eflab|eif hi mixgfdgf|b` ef|gxgf|eif ef |jg dbng|q
ef |jg hid ih si`eau efq|wdgf|q lgqemfgl |i aiga| |jg hbe`wg&
Oi|j ih |jgqg dbng| hbe`wgq bg sgqgf| ef |jg abqg ih qwss`uefm
GQ& Og`i} }g bmwg hi }ju dbng|q bg bf gfiaegf| si`eau efq|w$
dgf| hi aiga|efm |jgqg dbng| hbe`wgq&
Dbng| ogfgfl|q
Seagq ef aiddile|u dbng|q mgfgb``u gga| if`u b qjbg ih bmiilq \GX *qgg ajbs|g ?%, }jeaj wqwb``u aigqsiflq |i |jg wqg
xb`wg aidsifgf|& Eh b miil *i qgxeag% eq seagl qwaj |jb| e| g$
ga|q qiaeg|uq sghggfagq hi b`` g`gxbf| gfxeifdgf|b` xb`wgq ef
|jg \GX hbdg}in |jgf e| abf og qbel |jb| |jg miil eq seagl ai$
ga|`u& Ef |jeq abqg |jg dbng| }e`` gfqwg bf is|edb` qwss`u ih GQ&
]g``$hwfa|eifefm GQ dbng|q jbxg |jg si|gf|eb` |i seag GQ dig
aiga|`u&Gaifidea efagf|exg$obqgl si`eau efq|wdgf|q jbxg `ifm$g`egl
if |jg bqqwds|eif |jb| seagq ef b dbng| aiw`l og jbfgqqgl |i
jg`s lg`exg b dig is|edb`, i lgqebo`g, iw|aidg& Hi gzbds`g,
Semiw *25?3% qwmmgq|gl mixgfdgf|b` qwoqelegq hi ba|exe|egq |jb|
sixelg siqe|exg gz|gfb`e|egq *lgagbqefm |jg aiq| hi |jg si$
xelg% i |bzgq hi ba|exe|egq |jb| mgfgb|g fgmb|exg gz|gfb`e|egq*efagbqefm |jg aiq| hi |jg sixelg%& \jgqg dgajbfeqdq bed hi
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
63/118
?2
GQ dbrng|q
ef|gfb`e{b|eif, e&g& sgxeiwq`u gz|gfb` aiq|q i ogfgfl|q ogaidg
efa`wlgl ef |jg gaifidea lgaeqeifq |bngf ou |jg ba|iq if |jgdbng|&
Gaifideq|q qwmmgq| |jb| efagf|exg$obqgl si`eaegq sixelg
|}i ogfgfl|q |jb| bg fi| |useab``u hiwfl ef i|jg |usgq ih si`eau
efq|wdgf|q&? Heq|, |jgu bg bo`g |i bajegxg bf gfxeifdgf|b`
iokga|exg b| b `i}g aiq| |jbf aiddbfl$bfl$aif|i` bssibajgq
ogabwqg |jgu qggn |jg `i}gq| aiq| dgbqwgq flq| *Jbf`gu g| b`&,
?33=%& \jgqg efq|wdgf|q gzs`ie| |jg hba| |jb| eflexelwb` fldq
nfi} dig boiw| |jge sexb|g aiq|q ih bllgqqefm gfxeifdgf|b`
edsba|q |jbf gmw`b|iq, }jeaj dgbfq |jb| eh b gmw`b|i abf gq|bo$
`eqj b dbng| hi gfxeifdgf|b` miilq, |jgf wflg ag|bef aifle$
|eifq |jg seag sixelgq b a`gb efagf|exg hi |jg eflexelwb`)fld
|i qggn |jg is|eif |jb| aiq|q |jg `gbq| i sixelgq |jg dbzedwd
sifl|& B miil gzbds`g eq Bwq|b`ebq Owqj\gflg simbd *a&h&Q|ifgjbd g| b`&, ?337%& _b|jg |jbf |g``efm b`` `bfli}fgq |jb| |jgu
dwq| sixelg b ag|bef `gxg` ih GQ bfl sbuefm |jgd |i li qi, |jeq
simbd bqnq |jg `bfli}fgq |i iffig |jge `bfl b| b seag |jb| |jgu
og`egxg eq sifl|bo`g& \jg gqw`|efm |bfqba|eif eq dig gfiaegf|
ogabwqg e| eq bqqwdgl |jb| |jg `bfli}fg $$ fi| |jg gmw`b|i $$ jbq
og||g nfi}`glmg ih |jg issi|wfe|u aiq| ih iffigefm |jge `bfl hi
|jg qwoqelu *Jbf`gu g| b`&, ?33= Oiz De``edbf ( Sefag, 25:5%& \jeq fb|wb``u hi``i}q hid
|jg sgxeiwq ogfgfl|, e&g&, eh fldq ba|wb``u qbxg difgu ou blis|$
efm fg} |gajfi`imu, |jeq a`gb`u b}blq bf eflwq|u effixb|i
?& Ef |jgiu b`` si`eau efq|wdgf|q abf sixelg |jgqg ogfgfl|q bqqwdefm |jb| gmw`b|iq jbxg sghga| efhidb|eif}jgf qg||efm w`gq bfl `ede|q& Ef gb`e|u, |jeq eq fi| |jg ab qg *g&m&, gmw`b|iq li fi| nfi} }jb| e| aiq|q bf eflex elwb`fld |i glwag si``w|eif%&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
64/118
??
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
*Eoel&%& Bq b gqw`| |jg effixb|exg |gajfi`imu abf og qi`l hw|jg,
`gblefm |i b leffiwqeif ih gfxeifdgf|b``u ogfgflaeb` |gajfi`imuixg |edg& Ifg gbqif }ju |jeq ogfgfl| eq `banefm hid aiddbfl$
bfl$aif|i` efq|wdgf|q eq ogabwqg |jg seag dgajbfeqd eq }gbng
i boqgf| bfl |jgghig sixelgq `gqq efagf|exg |i effixb|g&
Dbng| ajb``gfmgqJi}gxg, seaefm miilq bfl qgxeagq qwaj |jb| |jgu gga| |jge
|wg xb`wg |i qiaeg|u, efa`wlefm siqe|exg i fgmb|exg gz|gfb`e|egq,
eq ajb``gfmefm& Gxgf eh }g aiw`l |jgig|eab``u gq|edb|g |jg xb`wg ih
|jg gz|gfb`e|u |jb| }g }bf| |i ef|gfb`e{g |jgg bg sba|eab` lefi$
aw`|egq bqqiaeb|gl }e|j eds`gdgf|efm |jg grwegl quq|gd ih |bzgq
bfl qwoqelegq& \bzb|eif bfl qwoqelu quq|gdq hgrwgf|`u fggl bl$
kwq|dgf|q ixg |edg bq gmw`b|iq `gbf dig boiw| ji} xbeiwq
dbng|q gqsifl |i |jgqg gaifidea efagf|exgq& \jwq, gdseeab`ioqgxb|eif bfl q|wlu eq fgglgl bfl lb|b qwssi|efm sghga| si`e$
au sglea|eifq bg `eng`u |i og qabag&
Ogabwqg ih |jeq wfag|bef|u ih wqefm efagf|exg$obqgl si`eau
efq|wdgf|q |i aiga| dbng| hbe`wgq, |jgg eq b fggl hi i|jg
si`eau efq|wdgf|q |i gfqwg gfxeifdgf|b` iokga|exgq bg
bajegxgl& Aiddbfl$bfl$aif|i` gmw`b|eifq lega|`u `ede| gdeq$
qeifq i edsiqg gq|ea|eifq if |jg silwa|eif siagqq& Sixelglb sisg gfhiagdgf| gmedg eq ef s`bag, |jgqg neflq ih dgbqwgq
abf sixelg mgb|g ag|bef|u ef gfxeifdgf|b` iw|aidgq ow|
dbu fi| og aiq|$gfiaegf|, e&g&, |jg qbdg iokga|exg aiw`l siqqeo`u
og bajegxgl ef bfi|jg }bu b| b `i}g aiq| |i qiaeg|u& \jwq, si`eau
efq|wdgf|q qjiw`l q|eng b ob`bfag og|}ggf lega| gmw`b|eif bfl
dig gzeo`g, aiq|$gfi
aegf| bssibajgq&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
65/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
66/118
? bxielefm gmw`b|eif |jiwmj sg$gds|exg ba|eif>
sgsbefm hi gmw`b|eif> aisib|g gqsifqeoe`e|u> a&h& GD, ?32?o%&
Ifg gzbds`g eq lega| sbudgf|q hi aifqgxb|eif *qgg g&m& Hgbi
( Neqq, ?33?> De`fg ( Fegq|gf, ?335% }jgg ba|iq ef lgxg`isgl
aiwf|egq sixelg sbudgf|q |i qwoqeq|gfag gqiwag wqgq ef
lgxg`isefm aiwf|egq ef g|wf hi |jg sixeqeif ih GQ *g&m& si|ga$
|eif ih b bef higq| i aboif qgrwgq|b|eif%& Xi`wf|bu dbng|q
sixelg |jg issi|wfe|u hi bmggdgf|q og|}ggf sb|egq |jb| bg
dw|wb``u ogfgflaeb`, }jeaj qwmmgq|q siqqeoe`e|egq hi efagbqefm |jg
qwss`u ih GQ& Ji}gxg, `bmg qab`g xi`wf|bu dbng|q bg wf`eng`u
qefag |jgqg dbng|q lgsgfl if sbudgf|q hid FMIq, }ji jbxg`ede|gl hwflq, i sexb|g imbfe{b|eifq, }ji dbu og hiawqgl if
qsgaefla sexb|g mib`q b|jg |jbf |jg swo`ea ef|ggq|& _g`uefm gza`w$
qexg`u if xi`wf|bu dbng|q |i gbaj gfxeifdgf|b` iokga|exgq
dbu og eqnu&
GQ dbng|q bfl grweglsg$aifle|eifq
\bo`g 2 elgf|eflgq qidg ih |jg dbng|q |jb| jbxg gxi`xgl |i |bmg|
|jg GQ ab|gmie{gl ou |jg DB *?337% *qgg b`qi Hemwg 2%& \jg |bo`g
a`bqqeflgq dbng|q baailefm |i |jg ngu lexgq elgf|eflgl boixg;
gmw`b|iu aids`ebfag, |bzsbug$hwflgl i xi`wf|bu& Edsi|bf|$`u, dbfu GQ bg fi| gzs`eae|`u |bmg|gl |jiwmj b dbng|, ow| bg
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
69/118
?=
GQ dbrng|q
fifg|jg`gqq bllgqqgl& \jgghig, }g dbng bf b||gds| |i leq|ef$
mweqj og|}ggf lega| bfl eflega| dbng|q& Lega|dbng|q *dbngl}e|j lbn qjblefm ef |jg |bo`g% bg |jiqg |jb| |blg bf GQ lega|$
`u *g&m&, fw|egf| aua`efm%, efa`wlefm ge|jg ef|gdgleb|g i flfb`
GQ& Bf gzbds`g eq fe|imgf dbng|q& Ef aif|bq|, eflega|dbng|q
*dbngl }e|j `emj| qjblefm ef |jg |bo`g% bg |jiqg |jb| |blg bf
wflg`uefm bfl dgbqwbo`g gai`imeab` hwfa|eif, }jeaj eq |jgf bq$
qwdgl |i `gbl |i |jg sixeqeif ih ifg i dig xb`wgl GQ *|jgqg bg
qidg|edgq ab``gl sizu dbng|q%& Hi gzbds`g, edsixefm oei$
lexgqe|u *}jeaj aif|eow|gq bq bf wflg`uefm hwfa|eif, |jiwmj eq
blde||gl`u lefiaw`| |i dgbqwg% eq `eng`u |i `gbl |i bf edsixgl
sixeqeif ih qgxgb` leffiggf| GQ *qgg b`qi ajbs|g ?%&
\jg |bo`g |bngq b flq| q|gs |i}bl bllgqqefm |jg rwgq|eif ih
}ju |jgg bg dbng|q hi qidg GQ bfl fi| hi i|jgq& \jg |bo`g
elgf|eflgq gzeq|efm dbng|q |jb| bed |i efagbqg |jg qwss`u ih GQbfl gza`wlgq aiddile|u dbng|q |jb| g`u ifsixeqeifefmGQ
`eng |edog, defgb`q, ie`, hiil, g|a& \jg efhidb|eif eq obqgl if
b gxeg} ih |jg gfxeifdgf|b` dbng|q `e|gb|wg bfl bedq hi
e``wq|b|exg gzbds`gq b|jg |jbf b aidsgjgfqexg gxeg} *ef
qidg abqgq }g elgf|ehu mgfgb` ab|gmiegq ih dbng|q> ef i|jgq }g
elgf|ehu qsgaefla dbng|q> qgg b`qi hii|fi|g ?, sbmg =%& GD *?32?o%
aiflwa|gl b dig gzjbwq|exg gxeg} ih gfxeifdgf|b` dbng|q}e|j bf gza`wqexg hiawq if |jg |jgg dbki gai`imeab` gqiwagq;
aboif, }b|g, bfl oeilexgqe|u& Iw |bo`g sixelgq b dig gflfgl
bfl efa`wqexg bfb`uqeq, bq |jg q|b|efm sief| eq |jg aidsgjgfqexg
DB ab|gmie{b|eif& ]g sixelg ghggfag efhidb|eif ef aiffga$
|eif |i |jg |bo`g hi gblgq ef|ggq|gl ef |jg lg|be`q ih |jg dbng|q&
\bo`g 2 jg`sq |i wfbxg` |jg wflg`uefm eqqwgq |jb| mexg eqg |idbng|q hi qidg GQ ow| fi| i|jgq& B hg} ngu flflefmq efa`wlg;
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
70/118
?:
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
Dbng| lexg
Gaiquq|gdQgxeag
_gmw`b|iuaids`ebfag
\bzsbug$hwflgl
Xi`wf|bu
Qwssi|efm Qie` hidb|eif
Sji|iquf|jgqeq
Sedbu silwa|eif
Fw|egf| aua`efm Fe|imgf dbng|q SGQ o`wgdwqqg`q
]b|g aua`efm ]b|g rwb`e|udbng|q
Miwfl}b|gsi|ga|eifqajgdgq
_gmw`b|efm Be rwb`e|ugmw`b|eif
Qw`sjw leizelgsgde|q
A edb|g gmw`b|eif Aboif abs (|blg dbng|q
_GLL A`edb|g aidsgf$qb|eif efe|eb|exgq
]b|g gmw`b|eif Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, }g|`bfl
agb|eif%
Giqeif gmw`b|eif
]b|g sweflab|eif ]e `bdg||gsb|fgqjes
]b|gqjgl SGQ ]b|gqjgl SGQ
Leqgbqg gmw`b|eif
Sgq| gmw`b|eif
Si``efb|eif
Fb|wb` jb{blgmw`b|eif
Sixeqeifefm+ Hiil Heqjgegq rwi|bq Heqjefm
xgqqg`q owuiw|qajgdgq
Heqjefm bfl jwf|$
efm `eagfqgq
Heog
Hwg`
Mgfg|ea gqiwagq Baagqq ( ogfgfl|qjbefm
Oeiajgdeab`q
Ifbdgf|b`gqiwagq
Hgqj }b|g ]b|g rwb`e|udbng|q
\bo`g 2& Gzbds`gq ih lega| bfl eflega| dbng|q |jb||bmg| Gaiquq|gd Qgxeagq *GQ%&Gaiquq|gd Qgxeag ab|gmiegq obqgl if |jg De``gffewd Gaiquq|gd Bqqgqqdgf|
\usg ih GQ dbng|; Lega| Eflega|
+ Iw |bo`g hiawqgq if dbng|q |jb| efagbqg |jg qwss`u ih GQ bfl gza`wlgq aiddile|u dbng|q |jb| bg lgsgflgf|if sixeqeifb` GQ *g&m&, sjbdbagw|eab` silwa|q ^Oeiajgdeab`qT, mi`l ^Ifbdgf|b` gqiwagqT, |edog ^Hwg`T, g|a%&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
71/118
?5
GQ dbrng|q
Aw`|wb` Aw`|wb` lexgqe|u Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, |jiwmj jbo$e|b| obfnefm%
Nfi}`glmg quq$|gdq
Glwab|eifb` xb`wgq
Efqseb|eif
Bgq|jg|ea xb`wgq Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Xi`wf|bu oeile$xgqe|u ihhqg|q*g&m&, |jiwmj jbo$e|b| obfnefm%
Qiaeb` g`b|eifq
Qgfqg ih s`bag
Aw`|wb` jge|bmgxb`wgq
_gagb|eif bfl ga$i|iweqd
Oeilexgqe|u ihh$qg|q *g&m&, |jiwmjjboe|b| obfnefm%
Bme$gfxqajgdgq
Heqjefm bfl jwf|$efm `eagfqgq, sbnhggq
\usg ih GQ dbng|; Lega| Eflega|
Baagqq bfl ogfgfl| qjbefm Sjbdbagw|eab`qbfl oei|gaj, qgg g&m& GD *?32?o%&
Bme$gfxeifdgf|b` qajgdgq Hi gzbds`g |jgGW ABS& Qgg g&m& |jg oegh ixg xeg} ou |jg Gwisg$bf Aiddeqqeif; j| |s;))ga&gwisb&gw)bmeaw`|wg)swo`e)absgzs`befgl)absYgf&slh
Aboif abs bfl |blg dbng|q Hi gzbds`g |jgGW Gdeqqeifq \blefm Quq|gd *GW G\Q% Qgg g&m&GA *?335%&
A`edb|g aidsgfqb|eif efe|eb|exgq Qgg g&m& Xi`$wf|bu Ab oif Higq| u ef GD *?32?o%&
Heqjgegq rwi|bq Hi gzbds`g ef Fg} [gb`bfl,qgg g&m& GD *?32?o%&
Heqjefm bfl jwf|efm `eagfqgq qgg g&m& GD*?32?o%&
Heqjefm xgqqg` owuiw| qajgdgq Hi gzbds`gef Lgfdbn bfl Fi}bu, qgg g&m& [bflgqgf g| b`&*?335%&
Miwfl}b|g si|ga|eif qajgdgq qgg g&m& GD*?32?o%&
Jboe|b| obfnefm Hi bf ixgxeg}, qgg g&m& gh|gag| b`& *?323%&
Fe|imgf dbng|q Hi gzbds`g ef @ifm Eq`bfl,WQB& Qgg g&m& Qg`dbf g| b`& *?335%&
SGQ o`wg dwqqg`q Hi gzbds`g ef |jg Ob`|ea Qgb,Q}glgf& Qgg g&m& [bflgqgf g| b`& *?335%&
_GLL \jg Wfe|gl Fb|eifq Ai``boib|exg Si$mbddg if _glwaefm Gdeqqeifq hid Lghigq|b$|eif bfl Higq| Lgmblb|eif ef Lgxg`isefm Aiwf$|egq Qgg g&m& }}}&wf$gll&im
Qw`sjw leizelg sgde|q Hi gzbds`g ef Gbq|gfWQB& Qgg g&m& WQGSB *?33?%&
Xi`wf|bu oeilexgqe|u ihhqg|q Hi gzbds`gOOIS *oois&higq|$|gflq&im)%
]b|gqjgl SGQ Hi gzbds`g |jg ]_S aifqg$xb|eif simbd *|bzsbug$hwflgl% *}}}&faq&wqlb&mix)}sq)si|b`)faq)dbef)fb|eifb`)si$mbdq)gbqgdgf|q)}g|`bf lq%, i ou ogxgbmgaidsbfegq *xi`wf|bu q gg g&m& GD, ?32?o%&
]e``bdg||g sb|fgqjes Igmif, WQB& Qgxgb`|usgq ih GQ dbng|q wflg lgxg`isdg f|, qgg ]e`$`bdg||g Sb |fgqjes *?32?%&
]b|g rwb`e|u dbng|q qgg Nb|{ *?338%&
_ghggfagq |i dbng|q *b`sjbog|eab` ilg ou dbng|%
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
72/118
13
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
GQ ajbba|geq|eaq bg lgaeqexg& Hi |jiqg GQ hi
}jeaj b dbng| gzeq|q, |jg dbng| lexgq bg dbfu bfllexgqg& Eh bf GQ jbq ajbba|geq|eaq |jb| bg bdgfbo`g |i
b dbng|, |jgf |jb| dbng| dbu grwb``u }g`` og dbfesw$
`b|gl *gzsbflgl)lexgf% ou gmw`b|eif, xi`wf|bu
ba|eifq i |bzsbug$hwflgl efe|eb|exgq& Hi gzbds`g, oei$
lexgqe|u iffiqg|q gzeq| bq oi|j xi`wf|bu bfl gmw`b|iu
aids`ebfag dbng|q *qgg g&m& GQ aw`|wb` lexgqe|u%& \jeq
qwmmgq|q |jb| bf GQq efjggf| b||eow|gq dbu og b dig
g`gxbf| lg|gdefbf| ih b hw|wg GQ dbng| gdgmefm
|jbf bfu sb|eaw`b }g``$ef|gflgl si`eau&
_gmw`b|iu lexgq bg si}ghw`& \jg boixg sief|
fi|}e|jq|bflefm, gmw`b|iu lexgq dbu s`bu b ngu i`g
ef gfaiwbmefm |jg lgxg`isdgf| ih dbng|q hi qidgGQ& Ow| |jeq beqgq |jg rwgq|eif ih }ju gzeq|efm si`eaegq
qggd |i seie|e{g qidg GQ ixg i|jgq& Elgb``u, lex$
gq qjiw`l |bmg| |jg diq| xb`wbo`g GQ ow| ef sba|eag
GQ dbu og qg`ga|gl obqgl if boe|bu si`e|eab` mib`q,
aifxgfegfag, bfl)i dgbqwboe`e|u&
Qgxgb` GQ bg aixggl ou dbng|q |ilbu& Dbfudbng|q bffiga| qgxgb` leffiggf| GQ& Hi gzbds`g, oei$
lexgqe|u iffiqg|q |blgl |jiwmj b jboe|b| obfn `eng`u
bffiga| dw`|es`g GQ |jiwmj |jge edsba| if oeilexgqe|u
sgqgxb|eif& Qede`b`u, dbng|q |jb| hiawq if }b|g
rwb`e|u bg `eng`u |i bffiga| qgxgb` i|jg GQ |jiwmj
|jge aif|eow|eif |i b jgb`|jeg brwb|ea gfxeifdgf|&E| eq lefiaw`| |i lg`efgb|g GQ dbng|q baailefm |i |jg
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
73/118
12
GQ dbrng|q
DB ab|gmiegq lwg |i |jeq |usg ih efjggf| `efnbmgq
og|}ggf GQ bfl ji} |jgqg `efnbmgq bffiga| iw }g``$ogefm& Qefag dbfu lega| dbng|q b`qi abs|wg i|jg
GQ eflega|`u *\GGO, ?323o Ajbs|g :%, iw |bo`g `eng`u
wflggq|edb|gq |jg |wg fwdog ih GQ aixggl ou db$
ng|q |ilbu& Bf ef|ggq|efm flflefm eq |jb| qidg GQ bg
aixggl ou oi|j lega| bfl eflega| dbng|q, qwaj bq
hiil }jeaj eq |blgl lega|`u |jiwmj flqjgegq rwi|bq
ow| eflega|`u bffiga|gl ou |bzsbug$hwflgl xgqqg` owu$
iw| qajgdgq&
Q|banefm ih GQ dbu og b sideqefm dbng| lgxg`$
isdgf|& \jg gzeq|gfag ih q|banefm bfl eflega| db$
ng|q qwmmgq|q |jb| lgxg`isefm aidoefb|eif dbng|q,
}jgg qgxgb` GQ bg efa`wlgl, dbu lg`exg aiq|$gfiaegf|gfxeifdgf|b` iw|aidgq&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
74/118
1?
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
swajbqefm si}g i ou efwgfaefm dgdogq |i sb|eae$
sb|g ef xi`wf|bu dbng|q&
Qwss`u& \jgg dwq| og ba|iq }e``efm |i qwss`u GQ, e&g&,
hbdgq sixelefm jboe|b|, esbebf gq|ib|eif, aboif
qgrwgq|b|eif, g|a& i jboe|b| obfnq sixelefm b i} ih
qgxeagq ixg |edg& \i glwag |bfqba|eif aiq|q qidg
dbng|q jbxg defedwd qe{g grwegdgf|q oghig b
qg``g abf sb|eaesb|g& \jeq dbu grweg ai``ga|exg ba|eif
if ogjb`h ih qwss`egq |i agb|g b ae|eab` dbqq |i ogaidg
dbng| sb|eaesbf|q&
Qabae|u& B dbng| eq dig `eng`u |i lgxg`is hi bf
GQ |jb| eq qabag& \jidsqif *?333% fi|gq |jb| }b|g
dbng|q ef |jg ]gq|gf WQ lel fi| q|b| wf|e` |jg mix$gfdgf| ba|wb``u q|b|gl |i `ede| *i gxgf glwag% |jg
bdiwf| ih }b|g hbdgq aiw`l }e|jlb} hid exgq&
Ji}gxg, }g }iw`l gzsga| |jb| ifag b dbng| eq gq|bo$
`eqjgl hi bf GQ, |jg ef|gba|eif ih qwss`u bfl lgdbfl
dbu `gbl |i seag ajbfmgq, g&m&, b lgagbqg *efagbqg% eh e|
ogaidgq dig bowflbf| *qabag%& \jgqg |usgq ih seag
qemfb`q gsgqgf| |jg ogfgfl|q ih b }g``$hwfa|eifefm db$ng| bq e| sixelgq qiaeg|u }e|j efhidb|eif boiw| ji}
ogq| |i wqg bfl b``iab|g |jb| GQ&
Sisg|u emj|q& B`` ih |jg gzbds`gq ef \bo`g 2
gzs`eae|`u bqqemf b sisg|u emj| |i bf gf|e|u *g&m&, b
higq| i}fg, bf isgb|i, g|a&% i eds`eae|`u bqqemfi}fgqjes |jiwmj |jg lgqemf ih |jg gmw`b|eif *g&m&,
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
75/118
11
GQ dbrng|q
gfxeifdgf|b` aidsgfqb|eif bqqwdgq |jg swo`ea i}fq
gqiwagq bfl grwegq aidsgfqb|eif hid |jg si``w|ghi `iqqgq%& _gmbl`gqq, sisg|u emj|q dwq| og a`gb`u
lgflfgl $$ }ji |i sbu, }ji |i owu hid $$ bfl gfhiag$
bo`g oghig dbng|q abf hwfa|eif *IGAL, ?323%& Fi|g
ji}gxg i}fgqjes dbu og if bf eflexelwb`, fld i
aiddwfe|u `gxg`&
Dgbqwboe`e|u& Ifg ih |jg ngu GQ ajbba|geq|eaq
fgglgl hi dbng| lgxg`isdgf| eq dgbqwboe`e|u& \i |jg
gz|gf| |jb| GQ bg oi|j dgbqwbo`g bfl lexeqeo`g *g&m&,
bagq ih jboe|b|, rwbf|e|u ih aboif, g|a&%, |bfqba|eif
aiq|q bg `i}ggl, |jwq hbae`e|b|efm dbng| lgxg`isdgf|&
Qidg GQ bg gbqeg |i dgbqwg *g&m&, aboif qgrwgq|b$
|eif% }je`g i|jgq dbu og aiq|`u bfl)i grweg b sizu*g&m&, oeilexgqe|u%& Dbng|q bg mgfgb``u dig qwa$
agqqhw` }jgf b aiddif awgfau hi gzajbfmg abf og
gq|bo`eqjgl *Ab`lgai|| ( Leaneg, ?322%&
A`gb w`gq ih |jg mbdg& Ogqelgq sisg|u emj|q,
|jgg eq b fggl hi a`gb`u$lgflfgl bfl gfhiagbo`g aif$
|ba|q, bfl |bfqsbgf| gmw`b|eif *g&m&, w`gq if grwexb$`gfau og|}ggf gfxeifdgf|b` lbdbmg bfl aidsgfqb$
|iu agle|q%& \jg iokga|exg eq |i glwag wfag|bef|u
boiw| hw|wg dbng| w`gq& Edsi|bf|`u, |jgqg w`gq fggl
|i og baags|gl ou dbng| sb|eaesbf|q&
Efq|e|w|eifb` absbae|u&
Ef ilg |i gfhiag |jg w`gqih |jg mbdg, efa`wlefm sisg|u emj|q, |wq|gl bfl
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
76/118
1 efq|e|w|eifb` ajb``gfmgq *gmw`b|iq
li fi| jbxg bf efagf|exg |i agb|g aiq|$gfiaegf| gmw`b|eifq $$ if`u
fldq jbxg |jb| efagf|exg%> efg|eb *e| eq lefiaw`| |i ajbfmg |jg aiwqg
ih gfxeifdgf|b` si`eau%> bfl)i leq|eow|eifb` sio`gdq *dbng|q
efjggf|`u ajbfmg |jg q|b|wq rwi, `gblefm |i }effgq bfl `iqgq,
}jeaj eq sio`gdb|ea hi gmw`b|iq }ji bg mgfgb``u dig ef|g$
gq|gl ef gfqwefm grwe|u |jbf gfiaegfau> qgg Q|bxefq, 255:%&Og`i} }g bllgqq ji} b mixgfdgf| dbu }in |i efagbqg swo$
`ea baags|bfag ih GQ dbng|q&
Bg dbng| seagq hi fb|wg siqqeo`g ilgqebo`g9IW_ BFQ]G_; Ugq e| eq siqqeo`g bfl }g bmwg lgqebo`g, mexgf |jb| b
seag ih {gi eq xgu wflgqebo`g hid bf GQ qwss`u sgqsga|exg& Ji}gxg
sii`u dbfbmgl dbng|q dbu `gbl |i fgmb|exg iw|aidgq&
Qidg qwmmgq| |jb| gq|bo`eqjefm seagq hi GQ ef |jg sbq| jbq `gl
|i wfqwq|befbo`g iw|aidgq, bfl |jgu ih|gf sief| |i |jg jemj seag
hi flqj bq |jg abwqg ih m`iob` ixgflqjefm&
Ji}gxg, |jg aiddile|u seag if flqj jbxgq|q eq fi| |jgaw`se|, ow| b|jg |jg gzeq|gfag ih |}i dbng| hbe`wgq& Heq|, |jgg
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
83/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
84/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
85/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
86/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
87/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
88/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
89/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
90/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
91/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
92/118
73
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
ng|q eq |jb| dgbqwefm, sixelefm, bfl dife|iefm |jg agb|eif bfl
lg`exgu ih GQ grweg gqiwagq& \jgqg aiq|q ih|gf lg|g }e``efmqwss`egq i }e``efm owugq hid gf|gefm |jg dbng|& \jg mixgf$
dgf| abf |bng siba|exg q|gsq |i glwag |jgqg aiq|q qwaj bq hwfl$
efm gqgbaj |i elgf|ehu g`ebo`g awgfaegq ih gzajbfmg, gfhiaefm
bfl si`eaefm aif|ba|q, agb|efm |gds`b|gq hi aif|ba|wb` bmgg$
dgf|q, g|a& *]e``ebdg||g Sb|fgqjes ?32?%&
Ef qji|, }g qwmmgq| |jb| }e|jiw| b q|ifm bfl a`gb`u lgflfgl
gmw`b|iu$eflwagl lgdbfl, GQ dbng|q bg wf`eng`u |i |bng iffi
*qgg ajbs|g 7 hi aifag|g gaiddgflb|eifq%& \jeq eq gxelgfagl
ou |jg hba| |jb| jboe|b| obfnq bg diq| sgxb`gf| ef Ab`ehifeb
}jgg aidsgfqb|iu de|emb|eif grwegdgf|q bg q|ifm *Ogbf g|
b`&, ?33:%& Hw|jg, aidsgfqb|iu grwegdgf|q $ b`ifm }e|j dgbq$
wgq |i glwag |bfqba|eif aiq|q $ dbu sixelg bfae``bu ogfgfl|q |i
b`gblu gzeq|efm, ow| g`b|exg`u qdb``, xi`wf|bu dbng|q ou eflwa$efm dig sb|eaesb|eif&
\jg fggl hi b q|ifm mixgfdgf|b` i`g ef GQ dbng|q }e``
b`qi efa`wlg b fggl hi wfbxielbo`g xb`wg kwlmdgf|q& \jgqg xb`wg
kwlmdgf|q bg grwegl ih si`e|eaebfq wflg bfu |usg ih si`eau
efq|wdgf| ih aiwqg, ow| |jgqg kwlmdgf|q qjiw`l og dblg bq
|bfqsbgf| bq siqqeo`g ef ilg |i efagbqg swo`ea baags|bfag ih
GQ dbng|q&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
93/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
94/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
95/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
96/118
7
og abghw` fi| |i gza`wlg qdb`` qab`g GQ qwss`egq |jiwmjdefedwd qe{g grwegdgf|q hi qg``gq $$ |jeq dbu
glwag dbng| |bfqba|eif aiq|q, ow| e| b`qi glwagq |jg
fwdog ih si|gf|eb` dbng| sb|eaesbf|q> bfl
Dbng|q dbu fi| og elgb` }jgf lgb`efm }e|j GQ *2% |jb|
bg jbl |i dgbqwg *g&m&, qiaeb` g`b|eifq, qgfqg ih s`bag,
aw`|wb` jge|bmg xb`wgq%, *?% hi }jeaj e| eq lefi
aw`| |igq|bo`eqj bfl)i gfhiag sisg|u emj|q *g&m&, si``efb$
|eif, sji|iquf|jgqeq%, *1% hi }jeaj |jgg eq `e||`g lgdbfl
*g&m&, bowflbf| gqiwagq% i *
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
99/118
7=
Aifa`wqeifq bfl rgaiddgflb|eifq
5% @bwfaj bfl gxb`wb|g se`i| simbdq }jgg |jg
lgqemf ih hw|wg dbng|q abf og |gq|gl `iab``u bfledsixgl oghig b `bmg qab`g gffii| eq `bwfajgl& Se`i|
simbdq b``i} hi qbhgmwblq |i og ef s`bag }je`g
dbng| sb|eaesbf|q mbef xb`wbo`g gzsgegfag& Ifg qwaj
gzbds`g }bq Bwq|b`ebq Owqj\gflg&
23% Gq|bo`eqj dbng|q& Sgflefm |jg gqw`|q ih efe|eb`
se`i| simbdq, |jg bw|jiq ih |jeq gsi| og`egxg |jb|
mixgfdgf|q qjiw`l aifqelg gzsbflefm bfl gq|bo$
`eqjefm fg} GQ dbng|q& \bo`g 2 qwmmgq|q b fwdog ih
`gqqifq |i efhid |jg lgxg`isdgf| ih hw|wg GQ dbng|q
efa`wlefm }jeaj GQ bg diq| bdgflbo`g |i dbng|q,
}jeaj dbng| lexgq bg diq| sideqefm, bfl |jg diq|
bssiseb|g qab`g hi leffiggf| dbng| |usgq& ]g sixelg|}i aifag|g gaiddgflb|eifq;
2% Mexgf |jg `ede|b|eif ih xi`wf|bu dbng|q bfl |jg jemj
flqab` aiq|q ih |bzsbug$hwflgl efe|eb|exgq }g og`egxg |jb|
gmw`b|iu aids`ebfag eq |jg diq| sideqefm lexg hi
hw|wg GQ dbng|q& Qsgaeflab``u, }g og`egxg gfxeifdgf|b`
aidsgfqb|eif gmw`b|eifq sixelg bf issi|wfe|u |igq|bo`eqj lega| aidsgfqb|iu dbng|q hi b xbeg|u ih
GQ, efa`wlefm }b|g gmw`b|eif, aw`|wb` lexgqe|u, bgq$
|jg|ea xb`wg, bfl gagb|eif)gai|iweqd& Ifg sb|eaw`b
aidsgfqb|iu dbng| |jb| jbq b`gblu sixgf aiq|$
gfiaegf| ef qidg gmeifq bfl abf og gq|bo`eqjgl ef
i|jg gmeifq eq jboe|b| obfnefm, }jeaj eq b dgajbfeqd
hi abuefm iw| oeilexgqe|u iffiqg|q& ]g qwmmgq| |jb|
aidsgfqb|iu dbng|q qjiw`l og |bmg|gl |i |jg `iab`
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
100/118
7:
Wqefm dbrng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gd qgrxeagq Ji} |i dbng e| jbssgf
`gxg`& Mixgfdgf|q `iinefm |i |bng si$ba|exg dgbqwgq
|i gfaiwbmg GQ dbng|q qjiw`l ogmef ou gfhiaefm
gzeq|efm i lgxg`isefm fg} aidsgfqb|eif gmw`b|eifq
|jb| grweg hi gzbds`g oeilexgqe|u iffiqg|q, }jeaj abf
lexg |jg agb|eif ih jboe|b| obfnq i i|jg GQ dbng|
q|wa|wgq&
?% Bfi|jg lega| aids`ebfag$lexgf dbng| |jb| mixgf$
dgf|q abf qwssi| eq abs$bfl$|blg dbng|q, }jeaj
jbxg sixgf |i og b aiq|$gfiaegf| bssibaj hi GQ qwajbq be rwb`e|u, a`edb|g gmw`b|eif, fw|egf| aua`efm, bfl
}b|g aua`efm *Oblq`gu g| b`&, ?33?%& Mixgfdgf|q aiw`l
gfaiwbmg GQ dbng|q ou gq|bo`eqjefm gmw`b|iu absq
if ag|bef si``w|bf|q, }jeaj }e`` lexg |jg agb|eif ih
|jgqg dbng|q& Edsi|bf|`u, si``w|bf|q |jb| `gbl dbef`u
|i `iab`)gmeifb` edsba|q *g&m&, fe|imgf, sjiqsjiwq%
qjiw`l og |blgl if `iab`)gmeifb` dbng|q, }jggbq
si``w|bf|q |jb| `gbl |i m`iob` edsba|q *g&m& aboif% abf og|blgl if b m`iob` dbng|&
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
101/118
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
102/118
83
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
103/118
82
GW si`eau sgqsga|exg if wqefm
dbng|q |i qwss`u gaiquq|gdqgxeagq
@bwg @gliwz, Gwisgbf Aiddeqqeif, LM Gfxeifdgf|,
Oeilexgqe|u Wfe|&
\jg isefeifq gzsgqqgl jggou bg |jiqg ih |jg bw|ji& \jg aif|gf| ih |jeq b|ea`gligq fi| gsgqgf| bf ifiaeb` siqe|eif ih |jg Gwisgbf Aiddeqqeif&
]je`g dbng|$obqgl efq|wdgf|q jbxg oggf wqgl ef i|jg
gfxeifdgf|b` flg`lq, |jgu jbxg fi| oggf wqgl gz|gfqexg`u hi |jg
si|ga|eif ih oeilexgqe|u bfl gaiquq|gd qgxeagq ef |jg GW& \jeq
sbsg aif|eow|gq ou iw|`efefm |jg si|gf|eb` ogfgfl|q ih dbng|qhi gaiquq|gd qgxeagq *GQ dbng|q%&
\jg GW Oeilexgqe|u Q|b|gmu |i ?3?3 *GA ?322b% gaimfeqgq
|jgqg si|gf|eb` ogfgfl|q bfl sidi|gq |jg lgxg`isdgf| bfl wqg ih
effixb|exg flfbfaeb` dgajbfeqdq *EHD%, efa`wlefm dbng|$obqgl
efq|wdgf|q *dbng|$obqgl dgajbfeqdq aigqsifl |i ab|gmiu
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
104/118
8?
\jeq eqqwg eq b`qi ogefm leqawqqgl wflg |jg Aifxgf|eif if Oei$
`imeab` Lexgqe|u *AOL%& Sb|egq jbxg aidde||gl |i qwoq|bf|eb``uefagbqefm gqiwagq hid b`` qiwagq, efa`wlefm effixb|exg flfbf$
aeb` dgajbfeqdq *qgg AOL Lgaeqeif Z)1%& Gaifidea efagf|exg$
obqgl efq|wdgf|q bg ih sb|eaw`b ef|ggq|, bq |jgu abf ef qidg
abqgq beqg fg} flfbfaefm i}q, }je`q| b`qi sixelefm efagf|exgq
|i efaisib|g |jg xb`wg ih oeilexgqe|u bfl gaiquq|gd qgxeagq
ef lgaeqeif$dbnefm& \jgqg efq|wdgf|q aif|eow|g |i glwaefm
|jg flfbfaefm mbs hi m`iob` oeilexgqe|u, }jeaj eq gq|edb|gl |i og
qemfeflabf| *Abfhil g| b` ?32?%&
\jg flflefmq hid |jeq sbsg elgf|ehu b fwdog ih ef|ggq|efm
sief|q&
Heq| ih b``, gaifidea efagf|exg$obqgl efq|wdgf|q aids`g$
dgf| bfl li fi| gs`bag gmw`b|iu bssibajgq& Ef |jg GW, fb|wg
`gmeq`b|eif aif|efwgq |i s`bu b ae|eab` i`g ef si|ga|efm qsgaegqbfl jboe|b|q ih Gwisgbf edsi|bfag& Gaifidea efq|wdgf|q abf
ji}gxg oefm b dig gzeo`g bssibaj |i si|ga|efm ilefbu
oeilexgqe|u bfl lg`exgefm gaiquq|gd qgxeagq&
\jg i`g ih mixgfdgf|q eflggl fgglq |i og hw|jg gzs`igl&
\jg i`g ih mixgfdgf| bq b si|gf|eb` owug ih gaiquq|gd qgxeagq
eq e``wq|b|gl ef |jg Gwisgbf Aiddeqqeifq sisiqb`q hi |jg
fgz| Dw`|ebffwb` Hefbfaeb` Hbdg}in ?32 Rwe|i ?32?> Dif|gb` ?32?%&
\jg Gwisgbf Aiddeqqeif eq `iinefm ef|i |}i efe|eb|exgq |jb|dbu s`bu qwaj b i`g, efa`wlefm b Mggf Efhbq|wa|wg Q|b|gmu
-
7/31/2019 Using markets to supply ecosystem services - How to make it happen
105/118
81
ou ?32?2 bfl b fi fg| `iqq efe|eb|exg ou ?327&? \jg GA eq awgf|`u
hwflefm b q|wlu |i hw|jg gzbdefg jboe|b| obfnefm, }jeaj eq ifgih |jg is|eifq hi lg`exgefm |jg fi fg| `iqq iokga|exg *Q|wlu
|e|`g; Gzs`iefm si|gf|eb` lgdbfl hi bfl qwss`u ih jboe|b| obfnefm ef
|jg GW bfl bssiseb|g lgqemf g`gdgf|q hi b jboe|b| obfnefm qajgdg%&
\jg fggl hi se`i| simbdq eq eflggl a`gb& Gzsgegfagq hid
qgxgb` GW Dgdog Q|b|gq g`b|gl |i Sbudgf|q hi Gaiquq|gd Qg$
xeagq *SGQ% bfl jboe|b| obfnefm }e`` `eng`u lg`exg wqghw` `gqqifq ef
|jg fgb hw|wg&
Hefbfaeb` efq|wdgf|q |i qwssi| sexb|g efxgq|dgf|q ef oei$
lexgqe|u bfl gaiquq|gdq abf b`qi og fgglgl |i aidsgfqb|g hi
dbng| hbe`wgq& Ogqelgq |jg Dw`|ebffwb` Hefbfaeb` Hbdg}in,
leqawqqeifq boiw| b Oeilexgqe|u Hefbfaefm Hbae`e|u bg ifmiefm, bq
iw|`efgl ef |jg Oeilexgqe|u Q|b|gmu |i ?3?3 *GA ?322b% bfl |jg
_ibldbs |i b _gqiwag Gfiaegf| Gwisg *GA ?322o%&Jemj`emj|efm |jg `ede|b|eifq ih dbng|$obqgl efq|wdgf|q eq
b`qi edsi|bf|, bfl |jg sbsg awaeb``u elgf|eflgq bgbq }jeaj bg
`gqq qwe|bo`g |i qwaj bssibajgq& Ajb``gfmgq hi |jg eds`gdgf$
|b|eif ih dbng|$obqgl efq|wdgf|q bg gb` bfl qjiw`l fi| og
wflgs`bugl& Hw|jg gqgbaj eq fgglgl ef|i |jg
