Using & Interpreting Data in Planning for Healthy Communities...17.2 15.2 12.1 13.7 12.6 23.2 20.6...

Using & Interpreting Data in Planning for Healthy Communities

Trav Ichinose, M.S., M.A.Orange County Health Care Agency

Public Health Services Health Promotion Division

Leading Causes of DeathOrange County, 2006-2008

Heart Disease27.5%

Cancer24.5%

Stroke6.5%

Lung Disease (CLRD)5.3%

Diabetes2.6%

Alzheimer's Disease4.7%

Unintentional Injury3.9%

Influenza & Pneumonia3.3%

Cirrhosis1.7%

Suicide1.6%

Hypertension1.4%

Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome1.1%

Parkinson's Disease1.0%

Atherosclerosis0.7%

Perinatal Conditions0.6%

Congenital Malformations

0.6%

Aortic Aneurysm

0.6%

Homicide0.5%

AIDS0.3%

OTHER11.8%

Many Factors Influence Health

Policies & Programs

Health Factors

Health OutcomesMortality (length of life - 50%)

Morbidity (quality of life - 50%)

Health Behaviors

(30%)

Clinical Care(20%)

Social & Economic

Factors(40%)

Physical Environment

(10%)

Tobacco UseDiet & Exercise

Alcohol UseSexual Behavior

Access to CareQuality of Care

EducationEmployment

IncomeFamily & Social Support

Community Safety

Environmental QualityBuilt Environment

SOURCE: County Health Rankings Model ©2012 UWPHI

13.6

910.8

17.215.2

12.113.7

12.6

23.2

20.6

17.3

21.219.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

*20

12*Sm

okin

g pr

eval

ence

, adu

lts (%

)

OC

CA

US

Qualitative AND QuantitativeQualitative vs. Quantitative

What makes a good quantitative indicator?

1. Important2. Understandable3. Measurable4. Valid5. Data available

6. Reliable7. Demographic detail8. Geographic detail9. Actionable10. Asset orientation

*Derived from Prevention Institute Tool for Health and Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE).

“HEALTHY COMMUNITIES” DATA SOURCES

Critically Consuming “Healthy Communities” Indicators

• Many indicators new, newly shared, or newly purposed

• Data sources emerging, improving• Availability & standardization vary• No data are perfect…

Caveats

• Today’s discussion not comprehensive• Local jurisdictions often have the best

data• One data size does not fit all

Social and Economic Factors


Policies & Programs

Health Factors



Health Behaviors

(30%)

Clinical Care(20%)

Social & Economic

Factors(40%)


(10%)




EducationEmployment


Community Safety



Social and Economic FactorsKey Data Indicators

• CDC’s Data Set Directory of Social Determinants of Health at the Local Level– http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/

docs/data_set_directory.pdf

Social and Economic FactorsIncome and Poverty

• Key indicator examples– Income

• Median household, per capita income

– Poverty • 100% FPL, ratio of income to poverty

– Income distribution• Gini index of income inequality

• Key data resource– US Census Bureau, American Community Survey:

• http://factfinder2.census.gov

Social and Economic FactorsEducation

• Key education indicator examples– Educational attainment

• % adults 25+ with high school diploma or equivalent– Early education

• % children 3-4 years enrolled in preschool– High school graduation

• % of 9th graders graduating in 4 years• Key education data resources

– State of California Department of Education:• http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/

– US Census Bureau, American Community Survey:• http://factfinder2.census.gov

Social and Economic FactorsHousing

• Key indicator examples– Cost, affordability

• % of renters spending 30%+ of income on housing

– Crowding• % of households with >1 occupant per room

• Key housing data resource– US Census Bureau, American Community

Survey:• http://factfinder2.census.gov

HEALTH BEHAVIORS


Policies & Programs

Health Factors



Health Behaviors

(30%)

Clinical Care(20%)

Social & Economic

Factors(40%)


(10%)




EducationEmployment


Community Safety



Leading Preventable Causes of Death

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Toba

cco

Die

t/phy

sica

l act

ivity

Alc

ohol

Mic

robi

al a

gent

s

Toxi

c ag

ents

Mot

or v

ehic

le

Fire

arm

s

Sex

ual b

ehav

ior

Illic

it dr

ug u

se

Ann

ual D

eath

s (in

100

K)

Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000

Tobacco Use DataKey Indicator Resources

• Healthy People 2020, Tobacco Use– www.healthypeople.gov/

2020/

Tobacco Use DataKey Indicator Resources

• CDC’s Key Outcome Indicators for Evaluating Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs– www.cdc.gov/tobacco/tob

acco_control_programs/surveillance_evaluation/key_outcome/index.htm

Tobacco UseKey indicators and data sources

• Key indicator examples– Past 30 day tobacco use (%)– Lifetime tobacco use (%)

• Key data sources– C-STATS

• http://www.cstats.info/– California Health Interview Survey

• http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/– California Healthy Kids Survey

• http://chks.wested.org/

Tobacco UseBuilt Environment Issues

• Community access– Concentration of tobacco licenses around schools

• % of tobacco retailers within a ¼ mile of schools

• Key data resource– California State Board of Equalization Cigarette

and Tobacco Products Licensing • http://www.boe.ca.gov/sptaxprog/cig_n_tob_prod_lic.

htm

Obesity DataKey indicator resources

• Healthy People 2020, Nutrition and Weight Status; Physical Activity– www.healthypeople.gov/

2020/

Obesity DataKey indicator resources

• CDC’s Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States– www.cdc.gov/obesity/res

ources/recommendations.html

ObesityKey Indicators and Data Sources

• Key indicator examples– Obesity prevalence (BMI >= 30)– Consumption of 5+ fruits/vegetables a day (%)– Physical inactivity (%)

• Key data sources– California Health Interview Survey

• http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/– Network for a Healthy California GIS Map Viewer:

• http://www.cnngis.org/– California Physical Fitness Test (PFT)

• http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/

NutritionBuilt Environment Issues

• Access to healthy food options• Concentration of “unhealthy” retail• Key data sources

– CDC Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI):

• http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/resources/reports.html

– USDA Food Atlas• http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-

environment-atlas

Physical ActivityBuilt Environment Issues

• Community park access– Park proximity

• % of population living within ½ mile of park

• Key data sources– California Protected Areas Database (CPAD):

http://www.calands.org/

– CDPH Healthy Communities Indicatorshttp://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/HealthyCommunityIndicators.aspx


Policies & Programs

Health Factors



Health Behaviors

(30%)

Clinical Care(20%)

Social & Economic

Factors(40%)


(10%)




EducationEmployment


Community Safety



Built Environment DataKey Indicator Resource

• EPA’s Guide to Sustainable Transportation Performance Measures– www.epa.gov/smartgro

wth/pdf/Sustainable_Transpo_Performance.pdf

Built EnvironmentUnsafe Streets – Data Resources

• Key indicator examples– Pedestrian/bicyclist injury

• Motor vehicle related pedestrian/bicyclist injuries per 100K population

• Key data sources– Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS):

• http://tims.berkeley.edu/index.php• http://www.chp.ca.gov/switrs/

– CDPH Healthy Communities Indicators• http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/HealthyCommunit

yIndicators.aspx

Built EnvironmentDesign – Data Resources

• Key indicator examples– Connectivity

• Street intersections per square mile

– Land use mix• Ratio of jobs to housing

• Key data sources– EPA Smart Location Database

• http://www.epa.gov/dced/smartlocationdatabase.htm

Built EnvironmentTransit – Data Resources

• Key indicator examples– Transit access

• % living within ½ mile of major transit stop– Frequency of transit service

• Aggregate frequency of transit service per square mile

• Key data sources– CDPH Healthy Communities Indicators

• http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/HealthyCommunityIndicators.aspx

– EPA Smart Location Database• http://www.epa.gov/dced/smartlocationdatabase.htm

Built EnvironmentTransportation – Data Resources

• General transportation data sources:– OCTA

• http://www.octa.net/Plans-and-Programs/GIS-Data/GIS-Data-Download/

– Southern California Association of Governments• http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov

– CalTrans Performance Measurement System• http://pems.dot.ca.gov/

Environmental QualityData Resources

• Key indicator examples– Annual number of “unhealthy days” due to ozone– Average annual PM2.5 concentration

• Key data sources– California EPA CalEnviroScreen

• http://oehha.ca.gov/ej/ces11.html

– CDPH Healthy Communities Indicators• http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/HealthyCom

munityIndicators.aspx

Emerging Data Sources

• California Department of Public Health Healthy Communities Indicators• http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/Healthy

CommunityIndicators.aspx

• California EPA CalEnviroScreen– http://oehha.ca.gov/ej/ces11.html

• EPA Smart Location Database– http://www.epa.gov/dced/smartlocationdatabase

.htm

Other Emerging Data Sources

• AskCHIS Neighborhood Edition• Orange County GIS Cloud• Orange County Health Care Agency Health

Profile• Governor’s Office of Planning and Research,

2014 General Plan Guidelines

Group Discussion

• What key data do you use and how do you use them?

• What data could you share but don’t and how could data democratization be achieved?

• What data do you need, but don’t have and what would you use them for?

THANKS

For more information:Trav Ichinose, M.S., M.A.EpidemiologistHealth Promotion DivisionOrange County Health Care [email protected]

Using & Interpreting Data in Planning for Healthy Communities...17.2 15.2 12.1 13.7 12.6 23.2 20.6...

Documents

Transcript of Using & Interpreting Data in Planning for Healthy Communities...17.2 15.2 12.1 13.7 12.6 23.2 20.6...