Using Information Technology Chapter 2 The Internet & the World Wide Web.
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Transcript of Using Information Technology Chapter 2 The Internet & the World Wide Web.
The Internet & the World Wide WebExploring Cyberspace
2.1 Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband
2.2 Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
2.3 Sending & Receiving E-Mail
2.4 The World Wide Web
2.5 The Online Gold Mine: More Internet Resources, Your Personal Cyberspace, E-Commerce, & the E-conomy
2.1 Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection:
The Quest for Broadband• Bandwidth - an
expression of how much data can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time
• Broadband - very high speed connection
Transmission Directions
• Download - to transmit data from a remote computer to a local computer
• Upload - to transmit data from a local computer to a remote computer
Telephone (Dial-Up) Modem: Low Speed but Inexpensive & Widely
Available• Modem - device
that sends and receives data over telephone lines to and from computers
• Most modems today have a maximum speed of 56 Kbps.
High-Speed Phone Lines: More Expensive but Available in Most
Cities• ISDN - hardware and software that allows
voice, video, and data to be communicated over traditional copper-wire telephone lines
• DSL - also uses regular phone lines but much faster than ISDN
• T1 - a traditional trunk line that carries 24 normal telephone circuits and has a transmission rate of 1.5 Mbps
Communications Media
• Cable Modem: Close Competitor to DSL
• Cable modem - connects a personal computer to a cable-TV system that offers an Internet connection
• Wireless Systems: Satellite & Other Through-the-Air Connections– Satellite– Radio waves between
cellular towers
2.2 Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• ISP - a company that connects you through your communications line to its servers, or central computer, which connect you to the Internet via another company’s network access points
2.3 Sending & Receiving E-MailE-Mail Software & Carriers
• Buy e-mail software
• Get e-mail program as part of other computer software (such as browser)
• Get e-mail software as part of your ISP package
• Get free e-mail services
E-Mail Addresses
•User name: Jane_Doe
•Domain name: earthlink
•Top-level domain: .net
•Two-letter country extension: .uk
Communication Tools
• Instant Messaging
• Instant messaging (IM) - allows any user on a given e-mail system to send a message and have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone else logged onto that system
• Mailing Lists: E-Mail-Based Discussion Groups
• List-serves - e-mail mailing lists of people who regularly participate in discussion groups
Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior
• Avoid sloppiness but avoid criticizing others’ sloppiness
• Don’t send huge file attachments, unless requested
• When replying, quote only the relevant portion!
Spam: Unwanted Junk E-Mail
• Delete without opening the message
• Never reply to a spam message!
• Enlist the help of your ISP or use spam filters
• Fight back
2.4 The World Wide Web
• Q: What makes the Web graphically inviting?
• A: Multimedia
• Q: What makes the Web easily navigable?
• A: Hypertext
HTML & resulting
page
The Web & How It Works
• Website--the domain on the computer
• Site - a computer with a domain name• Example: barnesandnobleuniversity.com
• Website - the location of a web domain name in a computer somewhere on the Internet
The Web & How It Works
• Web pages--the documents on a website
• Web page - a document on the WWW that can include text, pictures, sound, and video
• Example: Barnes & Noble University’s Science & Technology Campus
The Web & How It Works
• Browsers--software for connecting with websites
• Web browser - software that enables users to view web pages and to jump from one page to another
• Best-known browsers:
• Microsoft’s Internet Explorer• Netscape Navigator
The Web & How It Works
• URLs--addresses for web pages
http://www.nps.gov/abli/index.htm
• Protocol : http://
• Domain name: www.nps.gov
• Directory name: abli
• File name: index.htm
Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web
• Home page - the first page you see when you start up your browser
• Getting around:
– Back - takes you back to the previous page
– Forward - takes you to a page you returned from
– Home - takes you to your home page
Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web
• History list - list accessible from browser’s toolbar that allows you to return to a page you have recently visited
• Bookmarks or favorites - your favorite URLs stored in a list to permit frequent visits without retyping the URLs
• Simultaneous viewing of two pages via File menu’s “New” item
Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web
• Interactivity--hyperlinks, radio buttons, and fill-in text boxes
• Radio buttons - little circles located in front of various options; selecting an option with the mouse places a dot in the corresponding circle
Radio buttons and textbox
Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information
• Web portal - website that groups together in one convenient location popular features such as search tools, e-mail, electronic commerce, and discussion groups
Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information
• After logging on, you can:– Check the
home page for general info
– Use the directories to find a topic
– Use keyword to search for a topic
Four Types of Search Engines
• Human-organized search sites
• Computer-created search sites
• Hybrid search sites
• Metasearch sites
Multimedia on the Web
• Plug-in - a program that adds a specific feature to a browser, allowing it to play or view certain files
• Developing multimedia– Applets written in Java– ActiveX– JavaScript
Multimedia on the Web
•Text and images
•Animation
•Video – Download and view– Streaming video
•Audio– Download and listen– Streaming audio
Push Technology & Webcasting
• Push technology - software that automatically downloads information to your computer
• Webcasting - customized text, video, and audio sent to you automatically on a regular basis
The Internet Telephone & Videophone
• Internet telephony - using the Net to make phone calls, either one-to-one or for audioconferencing
2.5 The Online Gold Mine: More Internet Resources, Your
Personal Cyberspace, E-Commerce, & the E-conomy
• Other Internet resources:– FTP (File Transfer Protocol)--for copying all
the free files you want – Telnet--to connect to remote computers
Other Internet Resources
• Newsgroups--for online typed discussions on specific topics
• Real-time chat--typed discussions among online participants
Your Personal Cyberspace
• Relationships--online matchmaking
• Education--the rise of distance learning
• Health--patient self-education
• Entertainment--amusing yourself
E-Commerce
• E-tailing--retail commerce online
• Auctions--linking individual buyers and sellers
• Online finance--trading, banking, and e-money
• Online job hunting
• B2B commerce
Concept Check
• What is the term for using the Net to make phone calls, either one-to-one or for audioconferencing?
• Internet telephony
Concept Check
• Which program allows you to connect to remote computers on the Internet using a username and a password?
• Telnet
Concept Check
• Which type of search site sends your query to several other different search tools and compiles the results?
• Metasearch site
Concept Check
• What is the method whereby you can connect to a remote computer and transfer files from it to your own microcomputer’s hard disk?
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Concept Check
• Which language consists of tags, and is used to create web pages?
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Concept Check
• What are the four components of a URL?
1.The web protocol
2.The name of the web server
3.The directory on that server
4.The file within that directory
Concept Check
• What is the term for writing an online message that uses derogatory, obscene, or inappropriate language?
• Flaming
Concept Check
• What is the term for keyboard-produced pictorial representations of expressions?
• Emoticons
Concept Check
• What is the term for a Website such as Yahoo! that groups together popular features such as search tools, e-mail, electronic commerce, and discussion groups?
• Portal
Concept Check
• What is the term for the transmission of data from a remote computer to a local computer?
• Download
Concept Check
• What method of interaction with a Web page consists of little circles in front of user-selectable options?
• Radio buttons
Concept Check
• What type of program adds a specific feature to a browser, allowing it to play or view certain files?
• Plug-in
Concept Check
• What is the term for unsolicited e-mail in the form of advertising or chain letters?
• Spam