Using Impervious Surface as a spatially explicit Proxy Measure of CO 2 Emssions
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Transcript of Using Impervious Surface as a spatially explicit Proxy Measure of CO 2 Emssions
Using Impervious Surface as a spatially Using Impervious Surface as a spatially explicit Proxy Measure of COexplicit Proxy Measure of CO22 Emssions Emssions
Dr. Paul C. Sutton Dr. Paul C. Sutton Dr. Sharolyn AndersonDr. Sharolyn Anderson
Department of GeographyDepartment of GeographyUniversity of DenverUniversity of Denver
Dr. Chris Elvidge & Kim Baugh (NOAA)Dr. Chris Elvidge & Kim Baugh (NOAA)Tilotamma Ghosh & Ben TuttleTilotamma Ghosh & Ben Tuttle
EARSeL Workshop EARSeL Workshop Bonn, Germany November 2009Bonn, Germany November 2009
OutlineOutline• Brief overview of DMSP OLS nighttime lights data productBrief overview of DMSP OLS nighttime lights data product• Mapping & Estimating Impervious SurfaceMapping & Estimating Impervious Surface
– Multiple Regression using Landscan Population and Nighttime LightsMultiple Regression using Landscan Population and Nighttime Lights– Validation using High Resolution Aerial PhotographyValidation using High Resolution Aerial Photography
• Brief overview of gridded CO2 emission data for U.S.Brief overview of gridded CO2 emission data for U.S.– Vulcan CO2 dataVulcan CO2 data
– http://www.purdue.edu/eas/carbon/vulcan/index.php • Correlation Analysis of ISA and DMSP with CO2 emissionsCorrelation Analysis of ISA and DMSP with CO2 emissions
– SourcesSources: Commercial, Cement, Industrial, Mobile, Residential, Utilities, : Commercial, Cement, Industrial, Mobile, Residential, Utilities, Aircraft, Non-Road transportation, TotalAircraft, Non-Road transportation, Total
– ScalesScales: 10 km, 20 km, 30 km, 50 km, 100 km (1 degree x 1 degree): 10 km, 20 km, 30 km, 50 km, 100 km (1 degree x 1 degree)– Mapping & Monetization of National Ecological Deficits and Surpluses Mapping & Monetization of National Ecological Deficits and Surpluses
• Regression Model, Error Pattern, Global estimatesRegression Model, Error Pattern, Global estimates
Two sun-synchronous polar orbiting satellites (865 km orbit)
Observations at 1) ~ Dawn & Dusk, 2) ~ Noon & Midnight
Pixel Size: smoothed ~2.4 km2, fine ~ 0.5 km2, Swath Width ~3000 km
Two Bands: 1) Panchromatic VNIR, 2) Thermal Infrared
Dynamic Range: VNIR more than 4 orders of magnitude larger than traditional sensors optimized for daytime observation
(e.g. sees light from reflected moonlight to reflected sunlight)
Data available from early 1970’s to Present, Digital Archive est. in 1992
Data Products derived from imagery (hyper-temporal mosaicing):
% cloud cover, % light observed, Fires, Lantern Fishing, Gas Flares, City Lights, Radiance Calibrated City Lights, Atmospherically corrected radiance calibrated city lights
The Satellite SystemDefense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational LineScan System (DMSP OLS)
Example of Cloud Screening over ItalyExample of Cloud Screening over Italy
VNIR over Italy Thermal over Italy
City Lights Data Product for Conterminous United States
Mapping Impervious Surface
Impervious Surface Area (ISA) Data Product for Conterminous United States
New Question: How good a Proxy is ISA or Nighttime lights for CO2 Emissions?
Data Source: Spatially Explicit Accounting of CO2 emission sources obtained from The Vulcan Project http://www.purdue.edu/eas/carbon/vulcan/index.php
CO2 Emissions Tons of CO2 emittedPer year per 10 x 10 kmGrid Cell
CO2 Emissions Mapfrom Mobile Sources
423,140,828 Tons of Carbon Per Year ~28% of Total U.S. CO2 emissions
CO2 Emssions Mapfrom Utilities
586,694,308 Tons of Carbon Per Year ~39% of Total U.S. CO2 emissions
Aggregate ALL Datasets to Several Spatial Scales
~20 km x ~20 km grid cells ~30 km x ~30 km grid cells
~50 km x ~50 km grid cells 1 degree x 1 degree km grid cells
Correlation Matrix
Assessed for all Scales
• 10 km x 10 km
• 20 km x 20 km
• 30 km x 30 km
• 50 km x 50 km
• 1º x 1º
sol2000_1dx1d
airco2_1dx1d
isaINT
cemco2_1dx1d
comco2_1dx1d
indco2_1dx1d
mobco2_1dx1d
nordco2_1dx1d
resco2_1dx1d
utlco2_1dx1d
totco2_1dx1d
1.0000
0.9202
0.5149
0.1528
0.8070
0.4735
0.9572
0.9133
0.8147
0.4147
0.8364
0.9202
1.0000
0.4173
0.1458
0.7595
0.4218
0.9090
0.8728
0.7459
0.3419
0.7593
0.5149
0.4173
1.0000
0.1069
0.3502
0.2816
0.4759
0.4131
0.3649
0.2287
0.4305
0.1528
0.1458
0.1069
1.0000
0.1009
0.0549
0.1746
0.1475
0.0717
0.1184
0.1711
0.8070
0.7595
0.3502
0.1009
1.0000
0.3577
0.8218
0.8457
0.9127
0.3422
0.7459
0.4735
0.4218
0.2816
0.0549
0.3577
1.0000
0.4490
0.4180
0.3315
0.2320
0.6299
0.9572
0.9090
0.4759
0.1746
0.8218
0.4490
1.0000
0.9406
0.8302
0.4172
0.8477
0.9133
0.8728
0.4131
0.1475
0.8457
0.4180
0.9406
1.0000
0.8498
0.3890
0.8114
0.8147
0.7459
0.3649
0.0717
0.9127
0.3315
0.8302
0.8498
1.0000
0.3352
0.7412
0.4147
0.3419
0.2287
0.1184
0.3422
0.2320
0.4172
0.3890
0.3352
1.0000
0.7656
0.8364
0.7593
0.4305
0.1711
0.7459
0.6299
0.8477
0.8114
0.7412
0.7656
1.0000
sol2000_1dx1d airco2_1dx1d isaINT cemco2_1dx1d comco2_1dx1d indco2_1dx1d mobco2_1dx1d nordco2_1dx1d resco2_1dx1d utlco2_1dx1d totco2_1dx1d
505 row s not used due to missing or excluded values or frequency or w eight
variables missing, negative or less than one.
Correlations
0
2000000
0
200000
400000
0
10
20
0200000400000600000
0100000020000003000000
030000006000000
9000000
030000006000000
9000000
0300000600000900000
0200000040000006000000
0
3000000
6000000
0
10000000
20000000
0 2000000 0 300000 0 10 20 0 400000 0 2000000 0 6000000 0 6000000 0 500000 0 4000000 0 5000000 0
Scatterplot Matrix
Multivariate
Correlation (R) Matrix 10 km x 10 kmDMSP Airports ISA Cement Commercial Industry Mobile NonRoad Residential Utiltities TOTAL CO2
DMSP 1.00 0.36 0.82 0.03 0.53 0.22 0.77 0.58 0.58 0.10 0.39Airports 0.36 1.00 0.38 0.03 0.22 0.08 0.38 0.30 0.24 0.04 0.18
ISA 0.82 0.38 1.00 0.03 0.51 0.17 0.74 0.63 0.55 0.08 0.35Cement 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.07
Commercial 0.53 0.22 0.51 0.02 1.00 0.14 0.55 0.50 0.72 0.08 0.34Industry 0.22 0.08 0.17 0.01 0.14 1.00 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.06 0.52Mobile 0.77 0.38 0.74 0.03 0.55 0.20 1.00 0.71 0.63 0.10 0.43
NonRoad 0.58 0.30 0.63 0.02 0.50 0.14 0.71 1.00 0.58 0.09 0.34Residential 0.58 0.24 0.55 0.01 0.72 0.14 0.63 0.58 1.00 0.11 0.39
Utilities 0.10 0.04 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.11 1.00 0.84TOTAL CO2 0.39 0.18 0.35 0.07 0.34 0.52 0.43 0.34 0.39 0.84 1.00
Im perv iou s S u rface (IS A )
Mob
ile
Co2
Em
issi
o ns
R = 0.54
Tons CO2/Year (Mobile) =2,482 + 3,408.5 * ISA
2
0
1000 00
2000 00
3000 00
4000 00
5000 00
6000 00
7000 00
Correlation (R) Matrix 20 km x 20 kmDMSP Airports Cement Commercial Industry Mobile NonRoad Residential Utilities TOTAL CO2 ISA
DMSP 1.00 0.56 0.05 0.67 0.32 0.86 0.65 0.69 0.15 0.54 0.90Airports 0.56 1.00 0.05 0.38 0.17 0.53 0.45 0.37 0.07 0.31 0.56Cement 0.05 0.05 1.00 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.04
Commercial 0.67 0.38 0.03 1.00 0.24 0.65 0.61 0.81 0.12 0.47 0.63Industry 0.32 0.17 0.01 0.24 1.00 0.30 0.21 0.21 0.10 0.56 0.27Mobile 0.86 0.53 0.05 0.65 0.30 1.00 0.76 0.69 0.14 0.56 0.83
NonRoad 0.65 0.45 0.03 0.61 0.21 0.76 1.00 0.64 0.13 0.45 0.68Residential 0.69 0.37 0.02 0.81 0.21 0.69 0.64 1.00 0.13 0.49 0.63
Utilities 0.15 0.07 0.02 0.12 0.10 0.14 0.13 0.13 1.00 0.81 0.12TotalCO2 0.54 0.31 0.07 0.47 0.56 0.56 0.45 0.49 0.81 1.00 0.49
ISA 0.90 0.56 0.04 0.63 0.27 0.83 0.68 0.63 0.12 0.49 1.00
Im perv iou s S u rface (IS A )Co2
Em
isso
ns M
obile
R = 0.68
Tons CO2/Year (Mobile) =
8,523 + 14,744 * ISA
2
0
2000 00
4000 00
6000 00
8000 00
1000 000
1200 000
1400 000
1600 000
1800 000
2000 000
2200 000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Correlation (R) Matrix 30 km x 30 kmDMSP Airports Cement Commercial Industry Mobile NonRoad ISA Residential Utiltities TOTAL CO2
DMSP 1.00 0.67 0.06 0.68 0.35 0.90 0.72 0.74 0.68 0.19 0.61Airports 0.67 1.00 0.05 0.53 0.21 0.68 0.60 0.67 0.55 0.12 0.44Cement 0.06 0.05 1.00 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.08
Commercial 0.68 0.53 0.04 1.00 0.23 0.70 0.72 0.55 0.87 0.15 0.54Industry 0.35 0.21 0.01 0.23 1.00 0.31 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.13 0.58Mobile 0.90 0.68 0.07 0.70 0.31 1.00 0.83 0.76 0.73 0.19 0.63
NonRoad 0.72 0.60 0.04 0.72 0.24 0.83 1.00 0.72 0.77 0.18 0.56ISA 0.74 0.67 0.05 0.55 0.24 0.76 0.72 1.00 0.56 0.13 0.48
Residential 0.68 0.55 0.02 0.87 0.22 0.73 0.77 0.56 1.00 0.16 0.55Utilities 0.19 0.12 0.03 0.15 0.13 0.19 0.18 0.13 0.16 1.00 0.79
TOTAL CO2 0.61 0.44 0.08 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.56 0.48 0.55 0.79 1.00
D M S P O L S (S um o f L ig h ts)
Co2
Em
issi
ons
(Mob
ile)
R = 0.81
Tons CO2/Year (Mobile) =
5,130 + 2.26 * Sum of Lights
2
0
1000 000
2000 000
3000 000
0 2000 00 4000 00 6000 00 8000 00
Correlation (R) Matrix 50 km x 50 kmDMSP Airports Cement Commercial Industry Mobile NonRoad Residiential Utilities TOTAL CO2 ISA
DMSP 1.00 0.83 0.09 0.78 0.44 0.94 0.83 0.79 0.27 0.74 0.69Airports 0.83 1.00 0.09 0.69 0.35 0.84 0.76 0.67 0.22 0.64 0.64Cement 0.09 0.09 1.00 0.04 0.02 0.10 0.07 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.06
Commercial 0.78 0.69 0.04 1.00 0.34 0.78 0.75 0.88 0.22 0.66 0.53Industry 0.44 0.35 0.02 0.34 1.00 0.40 0.34 0.30 0.18 0.63 0.31Mobile 0.94 0.84 0.10 0.78 0.40 1.00 0.89 0.80 0.27 0.74 0.69
NonRoad 0.83 0.76 0.07 0.75 0.34 0.89 1.00 0.77 0.25 0.67 0.66Residential 0.79 0.67 0.03 0.88 0.30 0.80 0.77 1.00 0.21 0.65 0.57
Utilities 0.27 0.22 0.07 0.22 0.18 0.27 0.25 0.21 1.00 0.75 0.19TOTAL CO2 0.74 0.64 0.11 0.66 0.63 0.74 0.67 0.65 0.75 1.00 0.53
ISA 0.69 0.64 0.06 0.53 0.31 0.69 0.66 0.57 0.19 0.53 1.00
D M S P O L S (S um o f L ig h ts)
Co2
Em
issi
ons
(Mob
ile) R = 0.89
Tons CO2/Year (Mobile) =
8,935 + 2.45 * Sum of Lights
2
0
1000 000
2000 000
3000 000
4000 000
0 3000 00 7000 00 1100000 1500 000
Correlation (R) Matrix 1º x 1ºDMSP Airports ISA Cement Commercial Industry Mobile NonRoad Residential Utilties Total CO2
DMSP 1.00 0.92 0.51 0.15 0.81 0.47 0.96 0.91 0.81 0.41 0.84Airports 0.92 1.00 0.42 0.15 0.76 0.42 0.91 0.87 0.75 0.34 0.76ISA 0.51 0.42 1.00 0.11 0.35 0.28 0.48 0.41 0.36 0.23 0.43Cement 0.15 0.15 0.11 1.00 0.10 0.05 0.17 0.15 0.07 0.12 0.17Commercial 0.81 0.76 0.35 0.10 1.00 0.36 0.82 0.85 0.91 0.34 0.75Industry 0.47 0.42 0.28 0.05 0.36 1.00 0.45 0.42 0.33 0.23 0.63Mobile 0.96 0.91 0.48 0.17 0.82 0.45 1.00 0.94 0.83 0.42 0.85NonRoad 0.91 0.87 0.41 0.15 0.85 0.42 0.94 1.00 0.85 0.39 0.81Residential 0.81 0.75 0.36 0.07 0.91 0.33 0.83 0.85 1.00 0.34 0.74Utilities 0.41 0.34 0.23 0.12 0.34 0.23 0.42 0.39 0.34 1.00 0.77TOTAL CO2 0.84 0.76 0.43 0.17 0.75 0.63 0.85 0.81 0.74 0.77 1.00
0
1000 0000
2000 0000
3000 0000
0 1000 000 2000 000 3000 000 4000 000
D M S P O L S (S um o f L ig h ts)
Co2
Em
issi
ons
R = 0.72
Tons CO2/Year =
252,571 + 7.59 * Sum of Lights
2
These Models are applied Globally
Note: A global product was generated using both DMSP OLS and Landscan Population Data
Impervious Surface Area is a reasonable proxy measure of Ecological Footprint
Impervious Surface Area per Person vs. ecological footprint per person for 149 countries using Ecological Footprint Data from Wackernagel et. Al.
Questions?