Using GIS to Measure Modern Development at Teotihuacan, Mexico · Teotihuacan – San Juan...
Transcript of Using GIS to Measure Modern Development at Teotihuacan, Mexico · Teotihuacan – San Juan...
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Using GIS to Measure Modern Development at
Teotihuacan, Mexico
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Acknowledgements
Dr. L.J. GorenfloDepartment of Landscape ArchitecturePennsylvania State University
Dr. Ian G. RobertsonDepartment of Anthropology Stanford University
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Problem
What extent of the ancient Teotihuacan site has been impacted by modern development?
“Modern Development” = structures and agriculture.
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Location of StudyDesignated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987, Teotihuacan is approximately 45 km northeast of modern Mexico City.
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Archaeological Background
René Millon’s Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP)
Teotihuacan was recognizable as an urban center by ~ 100 BCE and reached its height ~ 550 CE. Estimated population near 100,000 and covered ~ 20 sq km.
In the 1960s, the site was surveyed by a team of archaeologists led by René Millon in the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP).
Approximately 2,200 multifamily apartment compounds and over 800 insubstantial structures identified through the TMP.
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Modern BackgroundTwo municipios lie within the extent of Teotihuacan – San Juan Teotihuacan and San Martín de las Pirámides.
Approximately 80% land use in these municipioswas estimated to be agricultural with only 7% urban.
Both have shown a marked population increase in both of 15% - 20% between 2000 and 2010. This is a continued increase in population since the mid-century.
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San Juan Teotihuacan
San Martín de lasPirámides
Environment (2005)
Square Km
Percent SquareKm
Percent
Total Area 83.16 67.22
Agriculture 72.18 86.80% 49.46 73.58%
Grassland 2.54 3.05% 6.16 9.16%
Forest 0 0 .24 0.36%
Xeric Bush 2.87 3.45% 7.18 10.68%
SecondaryVegetation
0 0 2.35 3.50%
Urban 5.56 6.69% 1.83 2.72%
Municipios
Population Growth
24,851
46,77944,556
53,010
6,667
10,477
3,717 5,425
21,511
19,689
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,00019
30
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Year
Popu
latio
n
San Juan Teotihuacan
San Martín de las Pirámides
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Archaeological ZonesThe Central Area of
Archeological Monuments was established by presidential decree in 1964 to protect the site, and in 1988 this was expanded into three protected zones:
Zone A – Central Area of Archaeological Monuments.
Zone B – Extended Area of Archaeological Monuments.
Zone C – General Protection Area.
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MethodologyRender modern development as a polygon layer.
Render extents of ancient city as a polygon layer based on the survey maps of René Millon’s Teotihuacan Mapping Project.
Calculate area of the pre-Hispanic site that is impacted by modern development.
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Render Modern Development as a Polygon Layer.
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Render TMP as a Polygon Layer.
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By RegionsThe TMP Map.The Archeological Zones.Areas identified as most critical are those regions within the extents determined by the TMP but fall outside the protected archaeological zones.
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By Region
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By FeaturesTotal Area of TMP* = 900 ha
Total Area of Development = 2,680 ha• Structures – 978 ha• Agriculture – 1,702 ha
Overlap = 435 ha
48% of TMP Features total.
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1965 - 2012
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Incorporating Historical Imagery
1965 =Buildings = 35 haFields = 90 ha
2012 =Buildings = 230haFields = 159 ha
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SummaryWhat extent of the ancient
Teotihuacan site has been impacted by modern development?
Nearly 25% of the area surveyed by the TMP lie outside Zones A, B, and C.218 hectares of features identified in the TMP are under modern structures which is ~ 24% of the TMP features.217 hectares of TMP features are under fields which is another ~ 24% of the total TMP.Grand total of 48% of the site impacted.
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Questions?