Using GIS to Display Well Bore Stratigraphy and Analytical Data in 3D April 9 th, 2009 Graham S....
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Transcript of Using GIS to Display Well Bore Stratigraphy and Analytical Data in 3D April 9 th, 2009 Graham S....
Using GIS to Display Well Bore Stratigraphy and Analytical Data in 3D
April 9th, 2009
Graham S. Hayes, Ph.D., GISP
Wendel DuchschererArchitects & Engineers
Presentation Outline
GIS OverviewData Formats and Sources3D Data ManipulationHamden, CT Case StudyDiscussion
What is a GIS?Geographic Information System
Management tool for maps & databasesTwo types of information: spatial data (location) and attribute data (descriptive)Capture, store, retrieve, analyze and display dataInformation stored in thematic layers
123
123Map Graphics(spatial data)
Tabular Tabular DatabasesDatabases(attributes)(attributes)
GIS Models Real World Objects as Graphic Features
Points
Lines
Polygons
Text
Presentation Outline
GIS OverviewData Formats and Sources3D Data ManipulationHamden, CT Case StudyDiscussion
Data Formats and Sources
AttributesLocations, elevations, depth, sample results, etc.Excel, Access, GINT, text files, etc.
Map FeaturesVector
Points, Lines & PolygonsAttribute tables, CAD, GPS
RasterDigital Elevation Models (DEMs)Aerial Photos & Scanned USGS maps
Triangular Irregular Networks (TINs)
Data Formats and Sources (continued)
Keys for Successful AttributesGather or compute X,Y and Z values if possible. Be consistent in recording elevations (e.g. ground, riser, casing, etc.)Store text in text fields, numbers in numeric fields. Don’t store depth ranges in mixed units in a single field.
depth
0-6”
2-4
12-18
start
0.0
2.0
12.0
end
0.5
4.0
14.0
thickness
0.5
2.0
6.0
Data Formats and Sources (continued)
Keys for Successful Attributes (continued)
Use standard naming conventions for wells-IDs, sample-IDs, etc. (e.g. MW-105a; MW 105 a; MW105A)Be consistent in applying the standards. Relational databases live and die based on common IDs between tables.
Well-id
mw105mw106
mw107
start
0.0
2.0
12.0
end
0.5
4.0
14.0
thickness
0.5
2.0
6.0
Well-id
mw-105
mw-105
mw 105? ? ?
? ? ?elev
501.5539.2
495.7
Data Formats and Sources (continued)
Keys for Successful Map FeaturesGather available basemap data from USGS and state GIS data clearing houses (e.g. DEMs, DOQQs, USGS quad sheets, basemap shapefiles, etc.)Use real world coordinates (state plane feet NAD83, UTM, etc.)
CAD data should be in model space (not paper space or mixed model and paper space)Elevation data in CAD should be stored as block attributes not just as textAvoid inset maps in CAD if porting data to GIS
Presentation Outline
GIS OverviewData Formats and Sources3D Data ManipulationHamden, CT Case StudyDiscussion
3D Data Manipulation
Data CreationCreate 3D surfaces from XYZ values
Raster GRIDs from point dataTINs from point, line and polygon data
Derive contours from 3D surfacesCompute areas and volumes from 3D surfacesConvert 2D vector data to 3D dataPerform visualization studies
3D Data Manipulation (continued)
Data VisualizationDrape 2D or image data over raster or TIN surfaces Represent sample locations in 3DExtrude or offset 2D data by constant or attribute (e.g. building height, bore hole depth, thickness, etc.)
Symbolize attribute values by color and sizeSet transparency and illumination Create “fly through” animations
Presentation Outline
GIS OverviewData Formats and Sources3D Data ManipulationHamden, CT Case StudyDiscussion
Hamden, Connecticut
Since the early 1900’s, residents and factories in Hamden, CT dumped refuse into a low lying wetland.In 1932, Olin Corporation purchased Winchester Firearms and continued the practice of dumping slag and ash from their factory in the municipal dump.As recent as 1972, homes, parks, a school and sports fields have been constructed on top of the now filled wetland.
Hamden, Connecticut (continued)
An environmental study determined that hazardous materials were present and remediation was necessary.Hired as a technical consultant by the law firm representing Olin Corporation to perform a forensic review of the landfill to:
determine the source and volume of the waste materialestablish the timing and aerial extent of the landfillvisualize the relationships between the waste material and the hazardous chemical components.
1998 aerial photo showing the outline of the fill area.
1949
19491943
1934 1965
1970 1975 1980
Summary of Filling at Hamden Middle School
Historic photo (1980) draped over digital elevation model
3D view of the original wetland elevation surface prior to filling
3D view of the current elevation surface after filling
3D view of the study area.
3D view of the fill area and the contours of total fill thickness
Concentration of Arsenic (mg/kg) above the RDEC of 10 mg/kgLarger symbols indicate higher concentrations.
Concentration of Lead (mg/kg) above the RDEC of 400 mg/kg.Larger symbols indicate higher concentrations.
Concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene (ug/kg) above the RDEC of 1,000 ug/kg. Larger symbols indicate higher concentrations.
Aerial distribution and total thickness of all fill classes greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).
Aerial distribution and total thickness of refuse fill greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).
Aerial distribution and total thickness of waste fill greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).
Aerial distribution and total thickness of clean fill greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).
Tan = clean fillGrey = waste fillGreen = refuse fill
Landfill Stratigraphy & Geochemistry Landfill Stratigraphy & Geochemistry
Red = Arsenic
Green = LeadLight blue =
Benzo(a)pyrene
Presentation Outline
GIS OverviewData Formats and Sources3D Data ManipulationHamden, CT Case StudyDiscussion