Using Environmental Simulations
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Transcript of Using Environmental Simulations
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Using Environmental Simulations
Using Environmental SimulationsLinda Sigismondi,
Ph.D.Linda Sigismondi,
Ph.D.
NIMBYLandfill Siting
KildareEnvironmental
Health
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Yoretown
Yoretown
Landfill nearly fullLandfill nearly fullNeeds new siteNeeds new site4 possibilities4 possibilitiesEvaluateEvaluateRecommendRecommend
Landfill nearly fullLandfill nearly fullNeeds new siteNeeds new site4 possibilities4 possibilitiesEvaluateEvaluateRecommendRecommend
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Yoretown
Yoretown
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- Slope and terrain
- Soil Depth
- Soil Permeability
- Bedrock
- Aquifer
- Explosive Gas Migration
- Wells & Mines
- Access
- Zoning
- Location
- Residences
- Natural Features
- Nature Preserve
- Airports
- Slope and terrain
- Soil Depth
- Soil Permeability
- Bedrock
- Aquifer
- Explosive Gas Migration
- Wells & Mines
- Access
- Zoning
- Location
- Residences
- Natural Features
- Nature Preserve
- Airports
Landfill Siting Criteria
Landfill Siting Criteria
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Site Information
Site Information
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Site A Site B Site C Site D
Cost$30,900,00
0$23,100,00
0$34,200,00
028,200,000
Volume
(cubic ft.)
217,800,000
243,926,000
143,748,000
78,408,000
Top soil depth (ft.)
4 6 3 1
Adv.
level
away from
school, airport
cost, size
topsoil depthaccess
level
accessout of town
away from houses, town
Disadv.
well field
many housessummer
wind
farm, well, school,
2 houses, airport
oil well
1 housecommer
cial annex
near river, stream,
drainage, steep, mine,
nature preserve
Rec. no yes yes no
Landfill Site Comparisons
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Other Possibilities
Other Possibilities
Transport trash to another area
Incineration
Recycling/Compost
Transport trash to another area
Incineration
Recycling/Compost
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Additions to Activity
Additions to Activity
Build a landfill model
Compare soil permeability
Examine bedrock samples
Build a landfill model
Compare soil permeability
Examine bedrock samples
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KILDARE, USAAn Environmental Health Simulation
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Lake RainbowLake RainbowLake RainbowLake Rainbow
MAP OF KILDARE, USA
500
600
N=10,000
1000
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SCENARIO
15 individuals diagnosed with illness
Rash, arthritis progressing to seizures/paralysis
Your group is a team of environmental sanitarians assigned to investigate the illness and control its spread.
Money is available but use wisely since the more you spend the less is available for other town issues.
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INITIAL OPTIONS
Option 1A: Interview doctors involved in the diagnosis of the disease $300
Option 1B: Interview area business owners $300
Option 1C: Interview those individuals who have fallen ill with the mysterious symptoms.
$300
Option 1D: Run tests to screen for pathogens and toxins in Lake Rainbow. $1,500
Option 1E: Conduct genetic screening of patients. $1,500
Option 1F: Interview businesses where patients work. $300
Option 1G: Conduct air emissions study of Kildare Industrial Park. $900
Option 1H: Review literature written on similar symptoms of patients occurring in 1919.
$100
Option 1I: Conduct standard blood serum work on patients. This test will identify common pathogens, poisons, and blood chemistry abnormalities.
$600
Option 1J: Conduct tests on patients’ home environments. $600
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ChoiceChoice CostCost ResultResult
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total
Spent
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CONCLUSION PART 1?
all have lake and fish in common
no common toxins or pathogens in lake, (air, soil)
All are homozygous for gene for I-roll
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OPTIONS PART 2
Option 2A: Conduct household water study. $400
Option 2B: Conduct local food study. $1,000
Option 2C: Conduct local stream study. $600
Option 2D: Conduct local air study. $500
Option 2E: Conduct specific analysis of blood serum on patients for the presence of rare pollutants.
$1,000
Option 2F: Conduct study of local soil. $500
Option 2G: Conduct analysis of the waste discharged from the entire Kildare Industrial Park.
$400
Option 2H: Conduct study of game fish in Lake Rainbow. $700
Option 2I: Conduct study of city water supply. $400
Option 2J: Conduct study of the waste discharged from individual industrial park businesses.
$600
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CONCLUSION PART 2?
Chemical called I-Swing in Lake (legal levels)
Discharged by EPC
High concentration in game fish
Those affected have high concentrations of U-shake in blood
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OPTIONS PART 3
Option 3A: Study I-Swing in the food chain of Lake Rainbow $3,000
Option 3B: Study the interaction of I-Swing and the enzyme I-Roll. $3,500
Option 3C: Study the blood serum in people who have eaten the fish but have not fallen ill.
$1,500
Option 3D: Study the metabolism of U-Shake in patients. $1,500
Option 3E: Study U-Shake in the food chain of Lake Rainbow. $3,000
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CONCLUSION PART 3
I-swing bioaccumulates
Biomagnification of I-swing in food chain
Those with I-roll convert I-swing to U-shake
U-shake accumulates, causes symptoms
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CONCLUSION PART 3
I-swing bioaccumulates
Biomagnification of I-swing in food chain
Those with I-roll convert I-swing to U-shake
U-shake accumulates, causes symptoms
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POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
Solution 1:
Though harsh, some have argued that little can and should be done. The genetic defect is rare and will be wiped out if not treated, since all inflicted will die.
Solution 2:
Genetic screening of the town at $250 a test. Warn homozygous recessive people for the I-Roll gene of danger in eating Lake Rainbow fish.
Solution 3:
Close down EPC until a filtering procedure can be developed to remove I-Swing. This process could take 1–5 years. Remove all fish from Lake Rainbow and restock with new fish.
Solution 4:
Fine EPC for dumping I-Swing into Lake Rainbow until I-Swing is removed from their waste. Remove all fish and restock the lake.
Solution 5:
Come up with an alternate solution.
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Q & A
Q & A
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Thank you
Thank you