Using CONJUNCTIONSWhat are conjunctions?

What are the different ways to use them? How do I use commas with them?

Let’s start with Warm-Up Exercise 1 on pg. 352 in the GRAMMAR BOOK

What did we see in this exercise?

#1 What are conjunctions?

Here we see two kinds of conjunctions:

AND -adds a similar idea

BUT –shows a contrast or surprise

OR – shows a choice, but it also connects

two words if the verb is negative

I can’t sing or play an instrument.

#2 How can I use them?

One way to use these words is to connect words and make LISTS.

kind AND generous

a book AND a sweater

reading AND writing

#3 How do I use commas with them?When I use conjunctions to combine WORDS (not sentences), I do not need a comma.

Example:

1. John will arrive at 7:00 and leave at 10:00.

2. In my free time, I like to read and watch movies.

3. In my free time, I like to read books and watch movies

In Sentences 1 and 3, I combined 2 phrases! It’s ok! I still don’t need a comma.

Let’s do Hand-Out Exercise 9

Parallel Structure – the words are the same part of speech

CORRECT – Parallel Structure

• Susan likes to sing and dance

• Bob and Mary stayed home and watched a movie.

INCORRECT – No Parallel Structure

• Susan likes to sing and TV.

• Bob and Mary stayed home and movie.

Let’s do Exercise 2 pg. 352-353

What if I want to connect 3 or more words?

• I can do that…• Steve, Joe, and Rita are in class.• I like cooking, dancing and reading

•…BUT now I need commas!WORD, WORD, and WORD orWORD, WORD and WORD Both are ok!

Let’s do Exercise 10 on pg. 357

Add commas and fix any mistakes in parallel structure.

Using CONJUNCTIONSWhat are conjunctions?

What are the different ways to use them? How do I use commas with them?

So far we know that we can use the conjunctions (AND, BUT, OR) to combine words….

…but we can also use these conjunctions (AND MORE!) to combine sentences!

Take a minute and read page 361, Table 16-4

#1 What are conjunctions?

Here we see two conjunctions, but there are more.

FOR AND NOR BUT

OR YET SO

Remember: FANBOYS

#2 How can I use them?

I can use these words to combine sentences.

I like pizza.

John hates pizza.

I like pizza, but John hates it.

#3 How do I use commas with them?

I need a comma in front of the conjunction!

1. John will arrive at 7:00, and Matt will arrive at 10:00.

2. In my free time, I like to read and watch movies, but my sister likes to paint and sew.

3. This summer, we may go to Florida, or we might just stay here.

Let’s practice with the exercises on pages 361 through 363

CONJUNCTIONS REVIEW!

ForAndNorButOrYetSo

QUESTION 1 : WHAT ARE CONJUNCTIONS?

AND – adds a similar ideaI like apples and bananas.

BUT – shows difference or surprise I ate the apple, but it wasn’t very good.

OR – shows choice OR connects two similar ideas WHEN THE VERB is negative You can have an apple or a banana

I don’t like apples or bananas.

SO - gives an effect.

I am allergic to apples, so please take me to the hospital.

QUESTION 2 : How do I use them?

There are 3 ways!•#1 I use AND, BUT, and OR to combine two words or phrases.

• Apples and bananas• Eat and drink

• Lucky but unhappy• Hamburger or hotdog

QUESTION 2 : How do I use them?

# 2 I use AND, BUT, and OR to combine three or more words or phrases.

• Apples, pears, and bananas

• Eat, drink, and sleep

• Lucky, wealthy, but unhappy

• Chicken, hamburger or hotdog

Make sure all of the words are the same PART of SPEECH = Parallel Structure

QUESTION 2 : How do I use them?

# 3 I use AND, BUT, SO, and OR to combine sentences!

I like apples , but John likes bananas.

I want a salad , and Jenny wants a sandwich.

I am tired , so I will go to sleep now.

I may go to the movies , or I may go to the mall.

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT FANBOYS SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

QUESTION 3 : Commas

#1 – I like bananas and apples. NO COMMA

#2 – I like bananas, apples, and pears. YESI like bananas, apples and pears. YES

#3 – I like bananas, but I love pears. YES

Let’s go over Practice 9 from the homework.

Simple Sentences vs. Compound Sentences

• SVO = Simple Sentence

• In SIMPLE sentences, you can use conjunctions to connect two or more words or phrases (#1 and #2)

• SVO , FANBOYS SVO = Compound Sentence

• When you use conjunctions to combine two sentences, now you have a compound sentence

In Practice 9, which sentences are simple and which sentences are compound?

Now let’s go over Exercise 10

COMMA SPLICES AND RUN-ONS

• A COMPOUND SENTENCE THAT IS MISSING A FANBOYS IS CALLED A Comma Splice:• I went to the movies, then I went to the mall.• INCORRECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• A COMPOUND SENTENCE THAT IS MISSING A FANBOYS and a comma IS CALLED A Run-On Sentence:• I went to the movies then I went to the mall.• INCORRECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

How do I fix these mistakes? Lets read pg 59 in the homework hand-out and then do Practice 11