USING APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BY HOWARD HENDERSON CHAPTER 2 AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY.
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Transcript of USING APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BY HOWARD HENDERSON CHAPTER 2 AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY.
USING APPLIED SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGY
BY HOWARD HENDERSON
CHAPTER 2
AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY
DEFINITION OF AGRISCIENCE
• IT IS THE USE OF SCIENCE IN PRODUCING FOOD, FIBER AND SHELTER
• APPLIED SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHAT SHOULD I DO?” WHAT CHEMICAL TO USE
• BASIC SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHY DOES IT DO WHAT IT DOES?” EX. WHY CHEMICAL WORKS
TECHNOLOGY
• PRACTICAL USE OF SCIENCE-USUALLY INCREASES FOOD PRODUCTION
• DEVELOPMENT OF BST IN DAIRY TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF MILK ONE COW WILL PRODUCE *ADVANTAGE - LESS COWS NEEDED *DISADVANTAGE - LESS DAIRY FARMERS NEEDED
LEADERSHIP AND TECHNOLOGY
• AGRISCIENTISTS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OFTEN MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT WILL BE AVAILABLE
• EXAMPLE WOULD BE IN THE US MONSANTO DEVELOPED A SOYBEAN THAT PRODUCES STERILE SEED;THEY DECIDED NOT TO PUT IT ON THE MARKET
FOUR AREAS OF SCIENCE
• MATHEMATICS - WEIGHT TO BUY AND SELL A PRODUCT; LAND SURVEYING
• PHSICAL SCIENCE - NONLIVING MATTER EARTH SCIENCE/CHEMISTY/PHYSICS EXAMPLE ACCURATE WEATHER/FERTILIZER/LOADING RAMPS
FOUR AREAS CONT.
• LIFE SCIENCE - STUDY OF LIVING THINGS INCLUDES BOTONY AND ZOOLOGY
• WAYS TO MAKE PLANTS AND ANIMALS GROW BETTER
• SOCIAL SCIENCE -BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE: WHY PEOPLE RESPOND AS THEY DO TO FOOD
AGRONOMY
• DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF PLANTS AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE SOIL
• PURPOSE IS TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION AND CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES
HORTICULTURE
• SCIENCE OF GROWING FRUITS,NUTS AND VEGETABLES
• ALSO INCLUDES FLOWERS AND ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS AND VINES
FORESTRY
• SCIENCE OF GROWING AND USING FORESTS
• TWO TYPES OF FORESTS : CULTURED - TREES ARE PLANTED AND CARED FOR
• NATIVE - TREES THAT GROW WILD;USUALLY A MIXTURE OF TYPES
ENTOMOLOGY
• BRANCH OF ZOOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH INSECTS AND RELATED SMALL ANIMALS
• INCLUDES BENEFICIAL INSECTS -HONEYBEE
• HARMFUL INSECTS - CORN BORERS
ANIMAL SCIENCE
• AREA OF AGRISCIENCE DEALING WITH THE PRODUCTION OF ANIMALS FOR FOOD
• ANIMALS USED FOR MEAT INCLUDE CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP, GOATS, BISON, EMUS AND LLAMAS
POULTRY SCIENCE
• AREA DEALING WITH RAISING CHICKENS AND RELATED FOWL(BIRDS)
• MOST IMPORTANT - CHICKENS
• OTHERS INCLUDE - TURKEYS, DUCKS, GEESE, PHEASANTS, QUAIL, AND GUINEA
AQUACULTURE
• IS THE SCIENCE OF WATER FARMING
• DEALS WITH BOTH AQUATIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS
• EXAMPLES OF PLANTS - WATER CHESTNUTS AND WATER CRESS
• EXAMPLES OF ANIMALS - TROUT AND ALLIGATORS
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
• INVOLVES WAYS OF WISELY USING AND PROTECTING THE THINGS AROUND US
• EMPHASIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INCLUDE THE AIR, SOIL, WATER, WILDLIFE, NATIVE PLANTS AND MINERALS
MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY
• INVOLVES THE USE OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT TO DO WORK
• EXAMPLES ARE DEVELOPING : TRACTORS, GREENHOUSES, PONDS, HARVESTING EQUIPMENT,ETC.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• FIVE IMPORTANT STEPS
• STEP ONE : IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM EXAMPLE - TOO MUCH BACKFAT IN LOCAL PIGS USED FOR SLAUGHTER
• STEP TWO : GET INFORMATION EXAMPLE - COLLECT DATA FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSES IN AREA
SCIENTIFIC METHODCONT.
• STEP 3: SUGGEST AN ANSWER EXAMPLE - USE A SUPERIOR BOAR ON AREA SOW HERDS
• STEP 4 : EXPERIMENT
• EXAMPLE - FEED OUT OFFSPRING AND COMPARE CUT OUT DATA
• STEP 5 : FORM CONCLUSIONS EXAMPLE - NEED TO USE NEW GENETICS IN OUR AREA
RESEARCH
• AGRISCIENCE RESEARCH IS CARRIED OUT BY LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITIES, AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES, AGRIBUSINESSES AND OTHER GROUPS
• A FEW FARMS DO RESEARCH
NEW AREAS OF AGRISCIENCE
• BIOTECHNOLOGY
• GENETIC ENGINEERING
• REMOTE SENSING
• LASER TECHNOLGY
• COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
• RADIATION
BIOTECHNOLOGY
• EXAMPLES OF BIOTECH :
• DEVELOPING VACCINES
• PRODUCTS THAT WILL CAUSE LIVESTOCK TO PRODUCE MORE MEAT ON LESS FOOD
• DEVELOPING BACTERIA THAT WILL CONSUME WASTES
GENETIC ENGINEERING
• DEVELOP CROPS THAT ARE INSECT RESISTANCE
• DEVELOP A TOMATO THAT IS ROT RESISTANCE
• DEVELOP A CROP PLANT THAT KILLS THE WEEDS AROUND THEM
REMOTE SENSING
• INVOLVES GATHERING AND RECORDING DATA FROM A GREAT DISTANCE
• WEATHER INFORMATION
• RESOURCE LOCATION
• CROP PESTS
• PROTECTING NATURAL RESOURCES
LASER TECHNOLOGY
• A DEVICE THAT PRODUCES A SPECIAL KIND OF LIGHT
• LAND FORMING
• MONITORING PROCESSES
• SCANNING - SUPERMARKETS
COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
• USING COMPUTERS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN AGRISCIENCE
• DESIGNING FACILITIES
• DEVELOPING PRODUCTS
• MODELING NATURAL RESOURCES
RADIATION
• USE OF RADIATION
• PREVENTING SPOILAGE OF FOOD BY KILLING BACTERIA THAT MAY BE ON OR IN A FOOD PRODUCT
• KEEPING INSECTS OUT OF STORED FOOD
ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITHAGRI/TECHNOLOGY
• FOOD SAFETY
• POLLUTION
• CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES
• HUMAN RIGHTS : EXAMPLE - FOOD PRODUCTS SHOULD NOT BE IMPORTED FROM A NATION WHERE PESTICIDES ARE BEING USED IMPROPERLY