Using and Referencing Sources Properly IDST 1106 Sept. 20, 2005.

Using and Referencing Using and Referencing Sources ProperlySources Properly

IDST 1106IDST 1106

Sept. 20, 2005Sept. 20, 2005

OutlineOutline

Why should you cite your sources?Why should you cite your sources? Plagiarism in the news.Plagiarism in the news. It’s not just about avoiding plagiarism.It’s not just about avoiding plagiarism.

How do you use other sources properly?How do you use other sources properly? Quotations, paraphrases, summariesQuotations, paraphrases, summaries

What don’t you need to cite?What don’t you need to cite? Is it “common knowledge?”Is it “common knowledge?”

How do you construct good citations?How do you construct good citations? Describe the source and where to find itDescribe the source and where to find it Examples of citing web resourcesExamples of citing web resources

You Quote It! You Note It!You Quote It! You Note It!

PlagiarismPlagiarism

““The action or practice of plagiarizing; the wrongful The action or practice of plagiarizing; the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one's appropriation or purloining, and publication as one's own, of the ideas, or the expression of the ideas (literary, own, of the ideas, or the expression of the ideas (literary, artistic, musical, mechanical, etc.) of another.” artistic, musical, mechanical, etc.) of another.”

““Plagiarism.” Plagiarism.” OED OnlineOED Online. 19 September 2005. <http://dictionary.oed.com>. 19 September 2005. <http://dictionary.oed.com>

““Plagiarism is the act of presenting the ideas or words of Plagiarism is the act of presenting the ideas or words of another as one’s own. …Self plagiarism is also a form of another as one’s own. …Self plagiarism is also a form of plagiarism. It is the presentation of the same work in plagiarism. It is the presentation of the same work in more than one course without the permission of the more than one course without the permission of the instructors involved.”instructors involved.”

Acadia University Calendar 2005-2006Acadia University Calendar 2005-2006. Wolfville: Acadia University, 2005.. Wolfville: Acadia University, 2005.

Plagiarism in the NewsPlagiarism in the News

““Deepa Mehta, the director and scriptwriter of the Deepa Mehta, the director and scriptwriter of the opening-night gala presentation at the Toronto opening-night gala presentation at the Toronto International Film Festival, is back in hot water International Film Festival, is back in hot water because of lawsuits over her latest and famously because of lawsuits over her latest and famously troubled film, Water. …Mehta is battling the troubled film, Water. …Mehta is battling the accusation that she lifted her script from the novel accusation that she lifted her script from the novel Shei Shomoy. …”Shei Shomoy. …”

Glassman, Marc. “Lawsuit won't block Water.” Glassman, Marc. “Lawsuit won't block Water.” PlaybackPlayback 12 September 2005:1. 12 September 2005:1. FactivaFactiva. Acadia . Acadia University. 20 September 2005. University. 20 September 2005. <http://www.factiva.com> <http://www.factiva.com>


““Angers, France -- Malcolm McLaren, former Angers, France -- Malcolm McLaren, former manager of the punk group the Sex Pistols, was manager of the punk group the Sex Pistols, was accused of plagiarism yesterday for allegedly accused of plagiarism yesterday for allegedly copying the work of a French musician for the song copying the work of a French musician for the song About Her which appears on the soundtrack of About Her which appears on the soundtrack of Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill 2. …”Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill 2. …”

““Malcolm McLaren faces French plagiarism Malcolm McLaren faces French plagiarism charge.” charge.” The Globe and MailThe Globe and Mail. 09 September . 09 September 2005, National Ed.: R2. 2005, National Ed.: R2. FactivaFactiva. Acadia University. . Acadia University. 20 September 2005. <http://www.factiva.com>20 September 2005. <http://www.factiva.com>


““ANGELA MERKEL, the favourite to become Germany's ANGELA MERKEL, the favourite to become Germany's next chancellor, was accused yesterday of "cheap next chancellor, was accused yesterday of "cheap plagiarism'' in echoing the words of the late Ronald plagiarism'' in echoing the words of the late Ronald Reagan. Her … rivals gleefully pointed out that, as the Reagan. Her … rivals gleefully pointed out that, as the conservative challenger wound up her televised duel conservative challenger wound up her televised duel with Chancellor Gerhard Schröder on Sunday, she used with Chancellor Gerhard Schröder on Sunday, she used almost exactly the same rhetoric as the former US almost exactly the same rhetoric as the former US leader. …”leader. …”

Connolly, Kate. “Merkel Accused of Plagiarising Connolly, Kate. “Merkel Accused of Plagiarising Reagan Speech.” Reagan Speech.” The Daily TelegraphThe Daily Telegraph. 07 . 07 September 2005: O16. September 2005: O16. FactivaFactiva. Acadia University. . Acadia University. 20 September 2005. <http://www.factiva.com>20 September 2005. <http://www.factiva.com>


““Bryan LeBeau, a dean at the University of Missouri Bryan LeBeau, a dean at the University of Missouri at Kansas City accused of lifting significant portions at Kansas City accused of lifting significant portions of a commencement address from other writers, has of a commencement address from other writers, has been placed on administrative leave by the been placed on administrative leave by the university. …”university. …”

Kumar, Kavita. “UMKC Dean is Put on Leave after Kumar, Kavita. “UMKC Dean is Put on Leave after Plagiarism Accusation.” Plagiarism Accusation.” St. Louis Post-DispatchSt. Louis Post-Dispatch. . 22 June 2005: B3. 22 June 2005: B3. FactivaFactiva. Acadia University. 20 . Acadia University. 20 September 2005. <http://www.factiva.com> September 2005. <http://www.factiva.com>

Why should you cite your Why should you cite your sources?sources?

To give credit to authors whose ideas you use To give credit to authors whose ideas you use (and avoid plagiarism)(and avoid plagiarism)

To support your own arguments—using facts To support your own arguments—using facts and/or other research, not just your opinionand/or other research, not just your opinion

To assist others to find and read your sources for To assist others to find and read your sources for themselves--to repeat, verify or build upon your themselves--to repeat, verify or build upon your research research

Using Sources Ethically and Using Sources Ethically and CorrectlyCorrectly

QuoteQuote Use sparingly; limit to significant Use sparingly; limit to significant

passages, statements or phrases.passages, statements or phrases. Indicate by quotation marks or indented Indicate by quotation marks or indented

paragraph.paragraph. Cite the source!Cite the source!


ParaphraseParaphrase Use to relate ideas, arguments or Use to relate ideas, arguments or

information from other writers or information from other writers or sources sources in your own wordsin your own words..

Cite the source!Cite the source!


SummarizeSummarize Use to present ideas and information Use to present ideas and information

from other sources in shortened form, as from other sources in shortened form, as in the main points of an article or book.in the main points of an article or book.

Cite! Cite! Cite!Cite! Cite! Cite!

ExamplesExamples

Black Elk, a Lakota, asked, “Is not the sky a father and the earth a Black Elk, a Lakota, asked, “Is not the sky a father and the earth a mother and are not all living things with feet and wings or roots mother and are not all living things with feet and wings or roots their children?” (Neihart, 6)their children?” (Neihart, 6)

Neihart, John G. Neihart, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala SiouxMan of the Oglala Sioux. New York: Pocket Books, 1975.. New York: Pocket Books, 1975.

[Note: from Boylan’s [Note: from Boylan’s Environmental EthicsEnvironmental Ethics, p. 133], p. 133]

Both deep ecologists and ecofeminists call for the development of Both deep ecologists and ecofeminists call for the development of a new human consciousness, one of humility, which recognizes the a new human consciousness, one of humility, which recognizes the importance of all life, including the life of the organism Earth importance of all life, including the life of the organism Earth (Lovelock).(Lovelock).

Lovelock, James E. Lovelock, James E. Gaia: A New Look at Life on EarthGaia: A New Look at Life on Earth. New York: . New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.Oxford University Press, 1979.

[From [From Environmental EthicsEnvironmental Ethics, p. 131], p. 131]

Common KnowledgeCommon Knowledge

Widely known facts do not need to be Widely known facts do not need to be cited. cited.

The War Measures Act was invoked during the October The War Measures Act was invoked during the October Crisis of 1970.Crisis of 1970.

But,But,““Pierre Trudeau's actions — highly controversial at the Pierre Trudeau's actions — highly controversial at the time — drove terrorism out of Canadian politics.” time — drove terrorism out of Canadian politics.”

Ignatieff, Michael. “Comment: Terrorism's other peril is Ignatieff, Michael. “Comment: Terrorism's other peril is how it transforms us.” how it transforms us.” The Globe and MailThe Globe and Mail17 June 2004: A23. 17 June 2004: A23. FactivaFactiva. Acadia University. 20 . Acadia University. 20 September 2005. <www.factiva.com>September 2005. <www.factiva.com>

Constructing Citations Constructing Citations for Electronic Sourcesfor Electronic Sources

General guidelinesGeneral guidelines Record any information that will assist your reader to Record any information that will assist your reader to

find and identify the sources you use. Don’t rely just find and identify the sources you use. Don’t rely just on the URL, which may change with time.on the URL, which may change with time.

Citations for electronic versions of documents Citations for electronic versions of documents originally issued in paper or other formats will originally issued in paper or other formats will include information about the print as well as access include information about the print as well as access information such as the URL and the date accessed.information such as the URL and the date accessed.

Citations for websites should identify author and Citations for websites should identify author and title, in addition to the URL and, if required, date title, in addition to the URL and, if required, date accessed.accessed.

Examples of Citations for Examples of Citations for Electronic SourcesElectronic Sources

Electronic BooksElectronic BooksGorke, Martin. Gorke, Martin. The Death of Our Planet’s The Death of Our Planet’s Species: A Challenge to Ecology and Species: A Challenge to Ecology and EthicsEthics. Translated by Patricia Nevers. . Translated by Patricia Nevers. Washington: Island Press, 2003. Washington: Island Press, 2003. EBRARYEBRARY. Acadia University. 19 . Acadia University. 19 September 2005 September 2005 <http://site.ebrary.com/lib/acadia/ Doc?<http://site.ebrary.com/lib/acadia/ Doc?id=10081831>.id=10081831>.

Examples of Citing Electronic Examples of Citing Electronic SourcesSources

Electronic JournalsElectronic JournalsShrader-Frechette, Kristin. “Practical Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. “Practical Ecology and Foundations for Ecology and Foundations for Environmental Ethics.” Environmental Ethics.” Journal of Journal of PhilosophyPhilosophy 92.12 (1995): 621-635. 92.12 (1995): 621-635. JSTORJSTOR. Acadia University. 30 September . Acadia University. 30 September 2005 <http://www.jstor.org>. 2005 <http://www.jstor.org>.


Web sitesWeb sitesUnited States Environmental Protection United States Environmental Protection Agency. “About EPA.” 20 September Agency. “About EPA.” 20 September 2005 2005 <http://www.epa.gov/epahome/aboutep<http://www.epa.gov/epahome/aboutepa. htm>.a. htm>.


Electronic Reference SourcesElectronic Reference SourcesTregenza, Bereth. “Environmental Tregenza, Bereth. “Environmental Ethics.” Ethics.” The Oxford Companion to The Oxford Companion to PhilosophyPhilosophy. Oxford Reference Premium. . Oxford Reference Premium. Acadia University. 20 September 2005 Acadia University. 20 September 2005 <http:// www.oxfordreference.com>.<http:// www.oxfordreference.com>.

Using and Referencing Sources Properly IDST 1106 Sept. 20, 2005.

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